greece (750-500 bc) i.early history & daily life in general geography & women ii.religion...
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Greece(750-500 BC)
I. Early History & Daily Life• In General • Geography & Women
II. Religion & ActivitiesA. Gods & MythsB. Worship
III. Sparta• Totalitarianism
IV. AthensA. DemokratiaB. Limits
Key Terms• Polis• Acropolis• Agora• Kyrios• Polis• Zeus • Hera• Persephone• Athena• Olympic Games• Helots & Equals• Assembly• Council of 500
Ancient Greece
Their impact on us today…• System of government, theater, arts, sports, etc.• Alphabet-modified the 30 character alphabet &
spread it throughout Mediterranean world
Daily Life-Food
• Olives were an important crop• Grains & fish were common;
meat was mostly for celebrations; goats & sheep = dairy & wool; honey
• Figs & grapes were grown; grapes were used for wine
Geography & Polis
• Organization of each was very similar:• Acropolis-(high city) located on a hill• Agora-public places for a market or public
meetings
• Polis is often defined as “city-state.”
Women’s Roles
• A woman was always under the control of her “Kyrios” (her master) & marriage was arranged.
• A wife’s duties:– Manage the household– Provide a male heir
• Women were supposed to remain inside the home.
Religion For The Greeks
Polytheists: They worshiped many different gods and goddesses. Who lived at…..
Role Of Greek Religion/Mythology
1. Promoted acceptable behavior: modesty, intelligence, heroism, patriotism. Sometimes they intervened in people’s lives.
2. Answered some questions about nature.
Persephone
Daughter of Zeus & Demeter; wife of Hades; influenced cycle of seasons
Pictured here as queen of the Underworld
Olympic Games
• Held in honor of Zeus.• Celebrated human
heroism & perfection.
• Winners received only a small prize, but returned home as heroes.
Sparta
• All aspects of life were controlled by the state; VERY militaristic:
1. Upon birth, children were inspected for health
2. At age 7 male citizens began military training; from age 20-60 male citizens served in military
3. Male citizens lived in barracks until age 30• To eliminate tie to family
and replace it with a tie to polis of Sparta King Leonidas in
“300”
Sparta(Politics = Oligarchy/Rule by a few)
• Power was held by the Council; 30 male citizens over age 60
• Council members = elected for life by a vote of male citizens
• Council members choose two Kings among themselves
Helots & Equals
• Equals: Adult male citizens
• Helots: slaves who cultivated the land (Greeks had a prejudice against manual labor)
• Helots outnumbered citizens 7 to 1
Greek Slaves
Women In Sparta
• Had more authority than in many other Greek city-states– Often spoke openly
about politics; could own & inherit property in their own right
Queen Gorgo of Sparta
Contrast to Sparta--Women’s Roles
• A woman was always under the control of her “Kyrios” (her master) & marriage was arranged
• A wife’s duties:– Manage the household– Provide a male heir
• Women were supposed to remain inside the homeWomen in
“Domestic Sphere”
Athens (Politics = Democracy/rule by many)
• Famous for its democracy:– Political power was
held by the Assembly
Assembly Of Athens• Assembly = included all adult male citizens who
passed all laws• Council of 500 (members of Assembly) = Power
1. Set the Assembly’s agenda
2. Made recommendations
How To Join The Council of 500
• Most male citizens would serve at least one term:– Each district sent 50 representatives chosen
at random– Minimum age of 30; two term limit for each
during one’s lifetime• Each day’s leader was chosen at random
How To Join The Council of 500
• Most male citizens would serve at least one term:– Each district sent 50
representatives chosen at random
– Minimum age of 30; two term limit for each during one’s lifetime
• Each day’s leader was chosen at random
Council Members Discuss Policy
Court System & Juries
• Jury Pool-6,000 adult male citizen volunteers
• Of those, 501 were chosen at random to serve as jurors
Justice is “balanced”
Ostracism
• Athenians voted for “man most dangerous”
• If one received 6,000 votes he “won”
• “Winner” was exiled for 10 years
Ostracism Ballot (Themistocles)
Limits To Demokratia
2. Only adult male citizens had power; 44,000 out of 350,000 in Athens (440 BC)
3. Women had no political power
4. Slavery existed
1. Ostracism
Role/Function Of Laws/ReligionRegion Religion Laws Misc.
Mesopotamia Religion explains natural events; Laws are written & provide ethics-but Church /State are one
Polytheistic; uncertainty & instability
Palestine (Judaism)
Some natural events, ethical behavior (Ten Commandments)
Written down
First to worship a single God
Greece
(Athens = Democracy)
(Sparta = Totalitarian)
Promoted acceptable behavior; natural events; patriotism
Written & posted in public; limited democracy
Polytheistic; involved in people’s lives
Greece(750-500 BC)
I. Early History & Daily Life• In General • Geography & Women
II. Religion & ActivitiesA. Gods & MythsB. Worship
III. Sparta• Totalitarianism
IV. AthensA. DemokratiaB. Limits
Key Terms• Polis• Acropolis• Agora• Kyrios• Polis• Zeus • Hera• Persephone• Athena• Olympic Games• Helots & Equals• Assembly• Council of 500