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GREECE

The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC

TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES ANDZOONOTIC AGENTSIN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS ANDFEEDINGSTUFFS

including information on foodborne outbreaks,antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic agents and somepathogenic microbiological agents.

IN 2013

Greece - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Country:

Reporting Year:

Greece

2013

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PREFACEThis report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of CouncilDirective 2003/99/ EC*. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food SafetyAuthority (EFSA).

The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in

The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in humans, animals,foodstuffs and in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data onantimicrobial resistance in some zoonotic agents and commensal bacteria as well asinformation on epidemiological investigations of foodborne outbreaks. Complementary data onsusceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers bothzoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole European Community as well aszoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation.The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategiesapplied in the country. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laiddown by the Community Legislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches areapplied.The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A nationalevaluation of the epidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources ofzoonotic infections, is given. Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs andanimals to zoonoses cases in humans is evaluated.The information covered by this report is used in the annual Community Summary Report onzoonoses that is published each year by EFSA.

Greece during the year 2013 .

* Directive 2003/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2003on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 90/ 424/ EEC andrepealing Council Directive 92/ 117/ EEC, OJ L 325, 17.11.2003, p. 31

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List of Contents

1 ANIMAL POPULATIONS 12 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 7

82.1 SALMONELLOSIS82.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation

132.1.2 Salmonellosis in humans152.1.3 Salmonella in foodstuffs272.1.4 Salmonella in animals432.1.5 Salmonella in feedingstuffs472.1.6 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates

1402.2 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS1402.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation1412.2.2 Campylobacteriosis in humans1422.2.3 Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates1482.3 LISTERIOSIS1482.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation1502.3.2 Listeriosis in humans1512.3.3 Listeria in foodstuffs1572.3.4 Listeria in animals1582.4 E. COLI INFECTIONS1582.4.1 General evaluation of the national situation1592.4.2 E. coli infections in humans1602.4.3 Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs1632.4.4 Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals1642.5 TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES1642.5.1 General evaluation of the national situation1662.5.2 Tuberculosis, mycobacterial diseases in humans1682.5.3 Mycobacterium in animals1702.6 BRUCELLOSIS1702.6.1 General evaluation of the national situation1732.6.2 Brucellosis in humans1752.6.3 Brucella in animals1832.7 YERSINIOSIS1832.7.1 General evaluation of the national situation1842.7.2 Yersiniosis in humans1852.8 TRICHINELLOSIS1852.8.1 General evaluation of the national situation1872.8.2 Trichinellosis in humans1882.8.3 Trichinella in animals1892.9 ECHINOCOCCOSIS1892.9.1 General evaluation of the national situation

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1912.9.2 Echinococcosis in humans1922.9.3 Echinococcus in animals1932.10 TOXOPLASMOSIS1932.10.1 General evaluation of the national situation1942.10.2 Toxoplasmosis in humans1952.11 RABIES1952.11.1 General evaluation of the national situation1962.11.2 Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals2032.12 STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION2032.12.1 General evaluation of the national situation2032.13 Q-FEVER2032.13.1 General evaluation of the national situation2052.13.2 Coxiella (Q-fever) in animals2062.14 WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTIONS2062.14.1 General evaluation of the national situation2072.14.2 West Nile Virus in animals

3 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIAL 2092103.1 ESCHERICHIA COLI, NON-PATHOGENIC2103.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation2113.1.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic2173.2 ENTEROCOCCUS, NON-PATHOGENIC2173.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation2173.2.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, non-pathogenic isolates

4 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS 2242254.1 CRONOBACTER2254.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation2254.2 HISTAMINE2254.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation2264.3 STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS2264.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation

5 FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 227


1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS

The relevance of the findings on zoonoses and zoonotic agents has to be related to the size andnature of the animal population in the country.

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Sources of informationSUSCEPTIBLE ANIMAL POPULATION: (please advise the relevant electronic summary tables on EFSAWeb – based zoonoses monitoring system for 2011 Data Collection. )

Source of information: Internal Data Base computerized system of Hellenic Ministry of Agriculture (update2011). These statistics may vary from other national or E.U. sources of animal population records.

A. Information on susceptible animal population

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eport on trends and sources of zoonoses

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Table Susceptible animal populations

22936 2013 496621 2013meat production animals

6971 2013 167048 2013dairy cows and heifers

10181 2013 22279 2013mixed herds

40223 2013 139322 2013 724755 2013

Cattle (bovine animals)

- in total

10 2013 734 2013Deer farmed - in total

398 2013 6293 2013Ducks mixed flocks/holdings

330 2013 1982632 2013 77 2013breeding flocks, unspecified -in total

762 2013 8276090 2013 374 2013laying hens

6305 2013 82837307 2013 989 2013broilers

23881715 2013

Gallus gallus (fowl)

- in total

184 2013 8132 2013Geese mixed flocks/holdings

277773 2013animals under 1 year

1935699 2013animals over 1 year

Goats

Number of herds or flocks Number of slaughteredanimals

Livestock numbers (liveanimals) Number of holdings

Animal species Category of animals Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Data Year*

* Only if different than current reporting year

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16846 2013 601817 2013 2213472 2013Goats - in total

8242 2013breeding animals

1462979 2013fattening pigs

2712 2013 918999 2013 1565674 2013

Pigs

- in total

1 2013 68 2013Reindeers farmed - in total

748005 2013animals under 1 year (lambs)

4539660 2013animals over 1 year

50149 2013 2155008 2013 5287665 2013

Sheep

- in total

62 2013 9600 2013 41 2013meat production flocks

4 2013 270350 2013 4 2013parent breeding flocks

5232 2013

Turkeys

- in total

58 2013 2462 2013Wild boars farmed - in total

563 2012 26 2012 - Unknown (in lakes-rivers)

650 2012 72 2012farmed (fish lagoons)

Fish




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94669 2012 378 2012farmed (salt water )

2152 2012 78 2012farmed (several species)

1900000 2012 62 2012farmed - Farm (trout)

28 7 2012farmed - carp

2 2012

Fish

farmed - salmon

1900000 2013 23000 2013 - Farm (bees)

69 2013 276000 2013 - Farm (mink, chinchilla)

504 2013 7050 2013 - Farm (rabbits)

9221 2013 22900 2013 - Unknown (equinesunspecified)

1 2012 - Unknown (farmed shrimp)

57800 2013 8681249 2013 - Unknown (sheep and goatmixed herds)

17630 2012 595 2012

Other animals

- Unknown (shellfish)




Regarding bees :1900000 refers to number of beehives and 23000 refers to number of beekeepers.All numbers listed in the column "livestock numbers" concerning fish and seafood are "produced tons"

Footnote:

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2. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS

Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are naturally transmissible directly or indirectlybetween animals and humans. Foodstuffs serve often as vehicles of zoonotic infections.Zoonotic agents cover viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites or other biological entities that arelikely to cause zoonoses.

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2.1 SALMONELLOSIS

2.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation

History of the disease and/or infection in the countryDISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellosis, Salmonella spp.Contaminated materials: Feed materials of animal origin, plant origin and Compound feedingstuffs

Surveillance systemThe legal provisions in place and relevant requirements (Zoonoses Directive 2003 and ZoonosesRegulation 2160) had significantly improved the effectiveness of the existing monitoring situation andmanagement practices in the field of Salmonella surveillance. New strategies and schemes for monitoringSalmonella zoonotic agents are in force in accordance with Community Salmonella reduction targetsapproved. Rapid adaptation and compliance on the new mandatory EU Salmonella control anderadication programmes were observed in all EU member states.

Measures in case of positiive findingsAccording to the current EU Directives and Community Legislation.

In 2010, five (5) Salmonella positive units (from fish meal) were reported from 212 sampling units tested intotal under selective sampling and routine monitoring schemes.

In 2009, no Salmonella positive units were reported from 232 samples tested in total under selectivesampling and routine monitoring schemes.

The method ISO 6579 (2002) is used for the detection and isolation of Salmonella serovars.

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellosis, Salmonella SerovarsINFECTED SPECIES: Poultry breeding flocks- Callus gallus

Susceptible populationParent breeding stock for egg and meat production line is estimated around 2.372.881 birds of 355breeding flocks (2010 national zoonoses statistics).

Surveillance systemFrom the past (Historical data), according to the Annex III of the Dir. 92/117, a Salmonella control programhas been carried out since 1998. In 2009, the Salmonella national control programme in breeding flocks ofGallus gallus has been implemented and approved (co- financed) by European Commission. Theprogramme was supervised by the Hellenic central veterinary competent authorities and was in line withthe uniform EU guidelines and rules approved by the Commission. The results were collected, analyzedand evaluated by the Commission, EFSA and Member States in accordance with the Community pre-

A. General evaluation

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defined targets towards the reduction of Salmonella prevalence in Breeding flocks of Gallus gallus ( fowl).

Method used:The methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detectionand isolation of Salmonella serovars.

The Salmonella serotyping was conducted in the National Reference Veterinary Laboratory (NRVLS) forSalmonellosis in animals (located in Chalkida – Prefecture of Evia) by using the Agglutination technique:Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella Serovars (9th edition- 2007- WHO Institute Pasteur) .

Measures in case of positive findingsSlaughter of infected flocks, restrictions of placing hatching eggs tothe hatchery for as long as the disease exists and all the relevant control measures were taken based onEU Legislation and requirements in force.

Epidemiological and statistical report

The reported Salmonella Serovars from adult poultry breeders, isolated and identified during the year2010 by the National Reference Laboratory were: S. Enteritidis (n= 5) ,S. Derby (n= 2 ), S.enterica subsalamae (n=1), S. Livingstone(n= 1 ), S. Hadar (n= 2 ), S. Tennessee ( n=2 ) , S. Anatum (n=1 ) and S.Anatum ( n=1 ).

The reported Salmonella Serovars from adult poultry breeders, isolated and identified during the year2009 by the National Reference Laboratory were: S. Enteritidis (n= 5) , S. Typhimurium (n= 1), S. Blockley(n= 1) , S. Livingstone(n= 6) , S. Hadar (n= 13), S.Enterica (n= 1) , S. Umbilo (n= 1) , S.enterica subenterica 6,7:d unspecified (n= 1).

Note: n = number of positive flocks

DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellοsis / Salmonella serovarsINFECTED SPECIES: Laying Hens and Broilers of Gallus, gallus (fowl)

Surveillance systemIn 2010, Salmonella control and eradication EU- programmes in Laying hens and broilers have beenimplemented in the country based on suspected and objective samples submitted into the laboratoriesunder the official investigation in 2010. Under the framework of the programme industry sampling wascarried out as well.

Method usedThe methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detectionand isolation of Salmonella serovars in Laying hens and other poultry.The Salmonella serotyping was performed by using the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of theSalmonella Serovars (9th edition- 2007- WHO Institute Pasteur) .

Fifty two (52) Salmonella positive flocks isolated, serotyped and reported by the National ReferenceLaboratory for Salmonellosis in Greece (NRLS, Located in Chalkida, Evia prefecture) under the nationalcontrol programme for Laying hens during the year 2010. The most 5 frequent Salmonella reportedserovars in Layin hens at production stage is presented below:

1.S.Enteritidis ( n= 6)

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2.S. Typhimurium ( n= 4)3.S.Infantis ( n= 9)4.S. Branderup ( n= 6)5.S.Corvallis ( n = 7)

The remaining Serovars from positive laying flocks can be analytically retrieved by the Web ReportingSystem

Forty one (41) Salmonella positive flocks isolated, serotyped and reported by the National ReferenceLaboratory for Salmonellosis in Greece (NRLS, Located in Chalkida, Evia prefecture) under the nationalcontrol programme for Laying hens during the year 2009. Distribution for the most 6 frequent Salmonellaserovars in Layin hens – production stage is given below:

1. S.Enteritidis ( n= 8)2. S. Typhimurium ( n= 3)3. S.Corvalis ( n = 4)4. S.Newport ( n=3)5. S. Heidelberg (n= 2)6. S.Branderup ( n = 2)

Note: n = number of Salmonella positive flocks

Twenty eight (28) Salmonella positive flocks isolated, serotyped and reported by the National ReferenceLaboratory for Salmonellosis in Greece (NRLS, Located in Chalkida, Evia prefecture) under the nationalcontrol programme for Broilers during the year 2010. Distribution for the most 5 frequent Salmonellaserovars in Broilers – production perios is given below:

1.S. Hadar ( n= 5)2.S. Thompson (n=5)3. S. Tennesse ( n= 3)4.S.Infantis ( n= 2)5.S. Bredeney (n=2)

DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellosis/ Salmonella serovarsINFECTED SPECIES: In other poultry ( or other birds ) and other Animals (non poultry)

Surveillance systemNo specific and systematic monitoring control program in placeData are based on clinical samples submitted to the laboratories.

Method usedThe methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detectionand isolation of Salmonella serovars in other animals.The Salmonella serotyping was performed by the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of theSalmonella Serovars (9th edition- 2007- WHO Institute Pasteur)

In 2010, the reported Salmonella serovars derived from 92 tested sampling units (poultry and otheranimals ) were: S. Typhimurium ( n= 7) and Salmonella spp – unspecified (n= 6).

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Recent actions taken to control the zoonosesEU LEGISLATION FOR CONTROL SALMONELLA PROGRAMMES IN POYLTRYZOONOSES DIRECTIVEHYGIENE PACKAGE

Additional informationDISEASE/AGENT: Salmonella/ Salmonella serovarsTARGET OF MONITORING: Contaminated Food

Surveillance systemRoutine examination and selective official sampling at retail level, processing plan and slaughterhousecarried out based on National and Community legislation.

Method usedThe ISO 6579 (2002) is used for the detection of Salmonella in food.The Salmonella serotyping was performed by the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of theSalmonella Serovars (9th edition- 2007- WHO Institute Pasteur)

Summary National Report ( Reporting Year: 2011). Official and selective sampling – Routine monitoring

1. Broiler meat and products thereof (all categories)Samples tested: 315Samples positive: 8Reported serovars : S. Enteritidis (n=1), S.Montevideo (n=1) , S. Hadar (n=4) and S. spp unspecified(n=1)

2. Pig meat and products thereof (all categories)Samples tested: 356Samples positive: 7Reported serovars : S. Derby ( n=2), S. Umbilo (n=5).

3. Bovine meat and products thereof (all categories)Samples tested: 100Samples positive: 0

4. Meat from other animals and products thereof (all categories)Samples tested: 1Samples positive: 0

5. Milk and milk products ( all categories)Samples tested: 418Samples positive: 0

6. Eggs and egg products( all categories)Samples tested: 10Samples positive: 0

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7. Fish and fish products (all categories)Samples tested: 53Samples positive: 0

8. Other Food ( all categories)Samples tested: 28Samples positive: 0

2010 Overall Salmonella reported Food Prevalence (for all food categories) = 3,17 % ( 75/2367*100)

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2.1.2 Salmonellosis in humans

Relevance as zoonotic disease

DISEASE/AGENT: SalmonellaAFFECTED SPECIES: Humans

Surveillance systemMandatory reporting of foodborne infections and intoxications with laboratory confirmation. Hospitalizedcases are the main reporting source for further epidemiological investigation. Notification is required within24 hours after the identification of a case.

Epidemiological history and evaluation

Results of the 2006 zoonoses monitoring period.A total of 984 human Salmonellosis cases were reported to the competent authorities (incidence per100.000 persons = 9). The reported cases were classified as autochone (n=749), Imported (n=131) andunknown (n=104) cases respectively. The 2006 annual incidence rate reported significantly lowercompared to 2004 for Salmonellosis in humans.

HistoryIn 2004 , 1493 ( incidence: 13,70 per 100.000 inhabitants) cases of salmonella were reported including thespecies : S. enteritidis (309), S.typhimurium (20), S. Adaustua (2), S. Anatum (1), S.enteritica- arizonae(29), S. blockley (1), S. infantis (1), S. paratyphi (2), S.Typhi (6) and the remaining Salmonella spp. (1121).

Historically, the officially reported Salmonella cases in humans the reporting years 1998, 1999 and 2000were 918 , 221 and 206 respectively. For the year 2001, 284 human cases were reported. HumanSalmonellosis cases in 2004 caused by S. Enteritidis, S, Typhimurium and other Salmonella serotypeswere 1493 in total compared to 837 (2003) and 460 (2002) in previous years. According to these data anincrease of Salmonella cases has been observed during 2004 in man, but in order to epidemiologicallyevaluate the real trends of Salmonella incidence, we must have in mind the significant underreportingpractice which leads to underestimate figures providing non representative salmonella statistics.Moreover it is important to emphasize that the factor underlined above (underestimation) is consideredconstant for each reporting year.

Results of monitoringHuman Salmonella Data are presented in the relevant tables of the EFSA web based electronic system forzoonoses monitoring.

Source of human infectionMainly from the consumption of infected, contaminated and croos- contaminated food and poultry meatand products there of.

A. Salmonellosis in humans

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Additional informationIn 2005, all Salmonella serovars derived from the Antimicrobial Resistance monitoring system arepresented in the following summary list with the number of all Salmonella isolates that were serotyped.

List of isolates by serotypeSalmonella serovarsNumber of isolates

Salmonella Enteritidis 732Salmonella Typhimurium 120Salmonella Oranienburg 24Salmonella Blockley 17Salmonella enterica ss. salamae 15Salmonella Kottbus 13Salmonella Bovismorbificans 9Salmonella Typhi 9Salmonella Bredeney 7Salmonella Agona 5Salmonella Muenchen 5Salmonella Muenster 5Salmonella Thompson 5Salmonella Virchow 4Salmonella Derby 3Salmonella Infantis 3Salmonella Kedougou 3Salmonella Mbandaka 3Salmonella Newport 3Salmonella Paratyphi B 3Salmonella enterica ss. diarizonae 2Salmonella Hadar 2Salmonella Anatum 1Salmonella Bareilly 1Salmonella Brandenburg 1Salmonella Cerro 1Salmonella enterica ss. houtenae 1Salmonella Goldcoast 1Salmonella Kentucky 1Salmonella Litchfield 1Salmonella Lomita 1Salmonella Montevideo 1Salmonella Paratyphi A 1Salmonella Poona 1Salmonella Rissen 1Salmonella Tennessee 1All 1006

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2.1.3 Salmonella in foodstuffs

Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof

state vet lab Objectivesampling

Officialsampling food sample Single 25 gr 30 5 3Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh -

Processing plant - Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25 20 0

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation- intended to be eaten cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance



Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products -raw but intended to be eaten cooked - Retail -Surveillance



Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - minced meat -intended to be eaten cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 15 0Meat from turkey - meat products - cooked, ready-to

-eat - Processing plant - Surveillance

state vet lab Selectivesampling

Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 1 0Meat from turkey - meat products - cooked, ready-to

-eat - Retail - Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 10 2 1Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - carcase - frozen

- Processing plant - Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 20 0

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - mechanicallyseparated meat (MSM) - Processing plant -Surveillance

Source ofinformation

Samplingstrategy Sampler Sample type Sample origin Sampling unit Sample

weight Units testedTotal unitspositive forSalmonella

S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

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Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof

2Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh -Processing plant - Surveillance

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation- intended to be eaten cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance

1Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products -raw but intended to be eaten cooked - Retail -Surveillance

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - minced meat -intended to be eaten cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance

Meat from turkey - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Processing plant - Surveillance

Meat from turkey - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Retail - Surveillance

1Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - carcase - frozen- Processing plant - Surveillance

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - mechanicallyseparated meat (MSM) - Processing plant -Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

Otherserovars

S.Livingstone

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Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products

State Vet lab Objectivesampling

Officialsampling

food sample> milk Single 25ml 20

Milk, cows' - raw milk for manufacture - intended formanufacture of raw or low heat-treated products -Processing plant - Surveillance

State Vet Lab Objectivesampling


Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

State VetLaqb

Objectivesampling


Cheeses made from goats' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance



Cheeses made from sheep's milk - soft and semi-soft - made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant- Surveillance



Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - hard - made from pasteurised milk -Processing plant - Surveillance (Kefalogravieracheese, Graviera cheese, Kefalotiri cheese)



Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - ice-cream -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 40 0Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - yoghurt -




Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - yoghurt - Retail- Surveillance (yogurt dessert)


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 1 1Dairy products, unspecified - Processing plant -

Surveillance (Feta)




S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

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Officialsampling food sample 25g 40 0

Dairy products, unspecified - Processing plant -Surveillance (Mizithra chesse, Anthotiro cheese)



Dairy products, unspecified - Processing plant -Surveillance (cheeses substitute)


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 25 0Dairy products, unspecified - Retail - Surveillance

(Feta cheese)


Officialsampling food sample Single 25ml 5 0Milk, cows' - pasteurised milk - Processing plant -

Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25ml 5 0Milk, goats' - pasteurised milk - Processing plant -

Surveillance




S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

Milk, cows' - raw milk for manufacture - intended formanufacture of raw or low heat-treated products -Processing plant - Surveillance

Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance


S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

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Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - hard - made from pasteurised milk -Processing plant - Surveillance (Kefalogravieracheese, Graviera cheese, Kefalotiri cheese)


Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - yoghurt -Processing plant - Surveillance

Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - yoghurt - Retail- Surveillance (yogurt dessert)

1Dairy products, unspecified - Processing plant -Surveillance (Feta)

Dairy products, unspecified - Processing plant -Surveillance (Mizithra chesse, Anthotiro cheese)

Dairy products, unspecified - Processing plant -Surveillance (cheeses substitute)

Dairy products, unspecified - Retail - Surveillance(Feta cheese)

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

20

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Milk, cows' - pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

Milk, goats' - pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

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Table Salmonella in other food


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 1 0Eggs - table eggs - Retail - Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 5 0Egg products - Processing plant - Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 40 0Fish - smoked - Processing plant - Surveillance



Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - hard - made from pasteurised milk -Processing plant - Surveillance (Kafalogravierachesse)


Officialsampling food sample 25g 10 0Fish - unspecified - Processing plant - Surveillance



Fruits - pre-cut - ready-to-eat - Processing plant -Surveillance (Dried plant products)



Infant formula - dried - intended for infants below 6months - Hospital or medical care facility -Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 278 0Live bivalve molluscs - unspecified - Processing

plant - Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample 25g 10 0Other processed food products and prepared dishes

- sandwiches - Retail - Surveillance




S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

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Table Salmonella in other food

Eggs - table eggs - Retail - Surveillance

Egg products - Processing plant - Surveillance

Fish - smoked - Processing plant - Surveillance

Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - hard - made from pasteurised milk -Processing plant - Surveillance (Kafalogravierachesse)

Fish - unspecified - Processing plant - Surveillance

1 1 9Fruits - pre-cut - ready-to-eat - Processing plant -Surveillance (Dried plant products)

Infant formula - dried - intended for infants below 6months - Hospital or medical care facility -Surveillance

Live bivalve molluscs - unspecified - Processingplant - Surveillance

Other processed food products and prepared dishes- sandwiches - Retail - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecifiedS. Agona S.

AmsterdamS. Tennessee

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Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof

STATE VETLAB

Objectivesampling

Officialsampling food sample Single 10 0Meat from pig - carcase - Slaughterhouse -

Surveillance

1)


Officialsampling food sample Single 25 5 0Meat from pig - fresh - Processing plant -

Surveillance

STATE VETLAB

Objectivesampling

Officialsampling food sample Single 25GRAM 5 0Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be

eaten raw - Processing plant - Surveillance

STATE VETLAB

Objectivesampling

Officialsampling food sample Batch 10gr 119 0Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be

eaten cooked - Processing plant - Surveillance



Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended tobe eaten cooked - Processing plant - Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 77 0Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-to-

eat - Processing plant - Surveillance



eat - Retail - Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 10 0Meat from bovine animals - fresh - Processing plant

- Surveillance

2)



Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intendedto be eaten raw - Processing plant - Surveillance



Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intendedto be eaten cooked - Processing plant - Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample 10g 1 0

Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intendedto be eaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance




S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

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Greece - 2013




Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation -intended to be eaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance

State Vet Lab Selectivesampling


Meat from bovine animals - meat products - raw butintended to be eaten cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance

STATE VETLAB

Objectivesampling

Officialsampling food sample Single 25 GRAM 4 1 1Meat from pig - fresh




State Vet Lad Objectivesampling

Officialsampling food sample Single 10g 5 0Other products of animal origin - Processing plant -

Surveillance (Frozen meatballs)




S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

Meat from pig - carcase - Slaughterhouse -Surveillance

1)

Meat from pig - fresh - Processing plant -Surveillance

Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to beeaten raw - Processing plant - Surveillance

Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to beeaten cooked - Processing plant - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

25

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Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended tobe eaten cooked - Processing plant - Surveillance

Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Processing plant - Surveillance

Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Retail - Surveillance

Meat from bovine animals - fresh - Processing plant- Surveillance

2)

Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intendedto be eaten raw - Processing plant - Surveillance


Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intendedto be eaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance

Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation -intended to be eaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance

Meat from bovine animals - meat products - raw butintended to be eaten cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance

Meat from pig - fresh

Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Retail - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

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Comments:1) CARCASS SURFACE2) carcase surface

Other products of animal origin - Processing plant -Surveillance (Frozen meatballs)

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified


2.1.4 Salmonella in animals

Measures in case of the positive findings or single casesBreeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)

Measures in case of positive findings:Slaughter of infected flocks, restrictions of placing hatching eggs tothe hatchery for as long as the disease exists and all the relevant control measures were taken based onEU Legislation and requirements in force.

Notification system in placeDISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellosis, Salmonella SerovarsINFECTED SPECIES: Poultry breeding flocks- Callus gallus

Susceptible populationParent breeding stock for egg and meat production line is estimated around 2.215.176 birds / 360breeding flocks (2011 national zoonoses statistics) raised in 90 holdings.

Surveillance systemFrom the past (Historical data), according to the Annex III of the Dir. 92/117, a Salmonella control programhas been carried out since 1998. In 2009, the Salmonella national control programme in breeding flocks ofGallus gallus has been implemented and approved (co- financed) by European Commission. Theprogramme was supervised by the Hellenic central veterinary competent authorities and was in line withthe uniform EU guidelines and rules approved by the Commission. The results were collected, analyzedand evaluated by the Commission, EFSA and Member States in accordance with the Community pre-defined targets towards the reduction of Salmonella prevalence in Breeding flocks of Gallus gallus ( fowl).

Method used:The methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detectionand isolation of Salmonella serovars.

The Salmonella serotyping was conducted in the National Reference Veterinary Laboratory (NRVLS) forSalmonellosis in animals (located in Chalkida – Prefecture of Evia) by using the Agglutination technique:Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella Serovars (9th edition- 2007- WHO Institute Pasteur) .

Results of the investigationEpidemiological and statistical report

The reported Salmonella Serovars from adult poultry breeders, isolated and identified during the year2011 by the National Reference Laboratory were: S.Bispebjerg (n=1), S.Kentack (n=1), S.Havana (n=3),S.Muenster (n=1), S.Enterica (n=1), S.Infantis (n=2).


A. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - breeding flocks

27Greece - 2013


Monitoring systemSampling strategy

Broiler flocksOffficial and own-check sampling following the sampling protocol and frequency laid down in Reg. (EC) N.200/2012.

Vaccination policyBroiler flocks

In Greece, vaccination against zoonotic salmonella is not applied in broilers.

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionCommunity target has been achieved and prevelance of all salmonella serotypes is relatively at low level.

B. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - broiler flocks

29Greece - 2013


Monitoring systemSampling strategy

Laying hens flocksOfficial and own-check sampling are performed according to the sampling protocol described in Reg. (EC)N. 517/2011.

Diagnostic/analytical methods usedLaying hens: Day-old chicks

Analytical methods used for isolation of salmonella spp and serotyping are those laid down in Reg. (EC)N. 517/2011.

Notification system in placeSurveillance systemIn 2009, Salmonella control EU- programmes in Laying hens and broilers have been implemented in thecountry based on suspected and objective samples submitted into the laboratories under the officialinvestigation in 2009.

Method usedThe methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detectionand isolation of Salmonella serovars in Laying hens and other poultry.The Salmonella serotyping was performed by using the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of theSalmonella Serovars (9th edition- 2007- WHO Institute Pasteur) .

Results of the investigationTwenty three (23) Salmonella positive flocks isolated, serotyped and reported by the National ReferenceLaboratory for Salmonellosis in Greece (NRLS, Located in Chalkida, Evia prefecture) under the nationalcontrol programme for Laying hens during the year 2011. Distribution for the Salmonella serovars in Layinhens – production stage is given below: S.Muenster (n=1), S. Haardt (n=1), S. Bovismorbifigans (n=1), S.Virchow (n=1), S.Enteritidis (n=3), S.Thompson (n=3), S. Infantis (n=1), S. Umbilo (n=1), S.Havana (n=1), .S.Hadar (n=1), S.Muenchen(n=1), S.Carno (n=1), .S.Mbandaka (n=1), S.Enterika untypable (n=1), S.Newport (n=1),S.Bovismorbificans (n=1) S.Glostrup (n=1), S.enterica salamae (n=2), S.Stanleyville (n=1)

Note: n = number of Salmonella positive flocks

Thirty two (32) Salmonella positive flocks isolated, serotyped and reported by the National ReferenceLaboratory for Salmonellosis in Greece (NRLS, Located in Chalkida, Evia prefecture) under the nationalcontrol programme for Broilers during the year 2011. Distribution for the Salmonella serovars in Broilers –production perios is given bellow: S.Typhymurium (n=2), S.Havana (n=1), S.Montevideo (n=1),S.Anatum (n=1)S.Livingstone (n=4), S.enteritidis (n=10), S.Senftenberg (n=1)S.Infantis (n=1), S.Thompson (n=2), S.Bredeney (n=1), S.Corvalis (n=1),S.Instanbul (n=1),S.Muenster(n=1),S.Tennessee (n=1),S.enterica subsp. salamae 4,12:i:- (untypable) (n=2)


C. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - flocks of laying hens

30Greece - 2013


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionEpidemiological historyIn the year 2007 the reported salmonella serovars were associated with the results from an EU Pigbaseline study. The study was carried out in order to identify the real and observed Salmonella prevalencein pigs in line with Community Legislation and relevant targets to reduce the prevalence over time. Themajority of positive Salmonella strains were pig strains. The predominant reported serovars were: S.Typhimurium ( n= 18 ), Salmonella spp – unspecified ( n= 17 ), S. Derby (n=9) , , S. Enterica.sub.enterica( n= 7 ), S. Thomson ( n=6 ) and S. Bredeney ( n= 5 ) .

In a prospective study during 1985-1990, 1184 strains of Salmonella spp have been isolated from animals.The predominant serotype was S.Gallinarum. For 2002 and 2003 S. Typhimurium and S. Agonarespectively had been exclusively reported based on the small sample frame tested. In the year 2004 thereported salmonella serovars were S. Typhimurium (Goats, rabbits and turtles ), S. Dublin ( cattle), S.Corvallis (Cattle ), S. Litchfield (Turtles )and Salmmonella spp- non typed (Turtles ).

Additional informationBOVINE ANIMALS AND OTHER ANIMALS (NON POULTRY)DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellosis/ Salmonella serovarsINFECTED SPECIES: Animals (non poultry)

Surveillance systemNot specific and systematic monitoring control program in force for the other (non poultry) animals.Data are based on the samples incidentally submitted to the laboratories.

Method usedThe methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detectionand isolation of Salmonella serovars in other animals.The Salmonella serotyping was performed by the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of theSalmonella Serovars (9th edition- 2007- WHO Institute Pasteur)

In 2009, the reported Salmonella serovars derived from 256 tested units (animals) were: Salmonella spp– unspecified (n= 2) and S. Dublin ( n= 1 ).

In 2008, the reported Salmonella serovars were: S. Bredeney ( n= 2 ), Salmonella spp – unspecified ( n=2 ),S. Enterica.subsp.enterica ( n= 1 ).


D. Salmonella spp. in bovine animals

32Greece - 2013

33

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Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus

330 PVA CensusOfficial and

industrysampling

animalsample yes Flock 330 8 2

Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks, unspecified -adult - Control and eradication programmes

7 PVA Census Industrysampling


Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for eggproduction line - day-old chicks - Control anderadication programmes



Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for eggproduction line - during rearing period - Control anderadication programmes


industrysampling


Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for eggproduction line - adult - Control and eradicationprogrammes



Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks forbroiler production line - day-old chicks - Control anderadication programmes



Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks forbroiler production line - during rearing period -Control and eradication programmes


industrysampling


Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks forbroiler production line - adult - Control anderadication programmes

No of flocksunder controlprogramme


Samplingstrategy Sampler Sample type Sample origin Target

VerificationSampling unit Units tested

Total unitspositive forSalmonella

S. Enteritidis

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Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks, unspecified -adult - Control and eradication programmes

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for eggproduction line - day-old chicks - Control anderadication programmes

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for eggproduction line - during rearing period - Control anderadication programmes

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for eggproduction line - adult - Control and eradicationprogrammes

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks forbroiler production line - day-old chicks - Control anderadication programmes

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks forbroiler production line - during rearing period -Control and eradication programmes

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks forbroiler production line - adult - Control anderadication programmes

S. Hadar S. InfantisS.

Typhimurium S. Virchow S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecifiedS. Bruck S.

Livingstone S. Umbilo

35

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Greece - 2013

Table Salmonella in other animals

STATE VETLAB

Selectivesampling

Officialsampling

animalsample Animal 6 0Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) -

Farm - Monitoring

STATE VETLAB

Selectivesampling

Officialsampling

animalsample Animal 3 1Cattle (bovine animals) - adult cattle over 2 years -

Farm - Monitoring

STATE VETLAB

Selectivesampling

Officialsampling

animalsample Animal 17 0Sheep - Farm - Monitoring

STATE VETLAB

Selectivesampling

Officialsampling

animalsample Animal 9 0Goats - Farm - Monitoring

STATE VETLAB

Selectivesampling

Officialsampling

animalsample Animal 3 0Pigs - fattening pigs - Farm - Monitoring

STATE VETLAB

Selectivesampling

Officialsampling

animalsample Animal 1 0Buffalos - farmed - Farm - Clinical investigations


Samplingstrategy Sampler Sample type Sample origin Sampling unit Units tested


S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) -Farm - Monitoring

1Cattle (bovine animals) - adult cattle over 2 years -Farm - Monitoring

Sheep - Farm - Monitoring

Goats - Farm - Monitoring

Pigs - fattening pigs - Farm - Monitoring

Buffalos - farmed - Farm - Clinical investigations

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

S.Montevideo S. Umbilo

36

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Greece - 2013

Table Salmonella in other animals

37

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Greece - 2013

Table Salmonella in other poultry


animalsample yes Flock 37 0Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - day-old chicks -

Control and eradication programmes


animalsample yes Flock 76 0Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing

period - Control and eradication programmes


industrysampling

animalsample yes Flock 432 29 5Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - Farm -


6305 PVA Census Officialsampling

animalsample yes Flock 100 13 1Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter -

Farm - Control and eradication programmes





industrysampling




industrysampling


Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - day-oldchicks - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

0 PVATurkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - duringrearing period - Farm - Control and eradicationprogrammes


industrysampling

animalsample yes Flock 3 1Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm

- Control and eradication programmes


animalsample yes Flock 1 0Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm



animalsample yes Flock 3 1 0Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm


1)






S. Enteritidis

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industrysampling

animalsample yes Flock 52 0Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm -









industrysampling

animalsample yes Flock 472 29 5Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Control

and eradication programmes (all flocks)






S. Enteritidis

Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - day-old chicks -Control and eradication programmes

Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearingperiod - Control and eradication programmes

0 1 1 3 3 1 2Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - Farm -Control and eradication programmes

0 0 1 1 1 1Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter -Farm - Control and eradication programmes



S.Typhimurium S. 1,4,[5],12:i:

-

Salmonellaspp.,


Braenderup S. Bredeney S. Cerro S. Corvallis S. Derby S. Glostrup S. Haardt

39

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Greece - 2013


0 0 0 0 0 0Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - day-oldchicks - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - duringrearing period - Farm - Control and eradicationprogrammes

Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm- Control and eradication programmes


0 0 0Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm- Control and eradication programmes

1)

Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm -Control and eradication programmes



0 1 1 3 3 1 2Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Controland eradication programmes (all flocks)

S.Typhimurium S. 1,4,[5],12:i:

-

Salmonellaspp.,


Braenderup S. Bredeney S. Cerro S. Corvallis S. Derby S. Glostrup S. Haardt

40

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Greece - 2013




2 1 4 1 2 1 1Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - Farm -Control and eradication programmes

1 1 1 1Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter -Farm - Control and eradication programmes



0 0 0 0Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - day-oldchicks - Farm - Control and eradication programmes


1Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm- Control and eradication programmes


1Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm- Control and eradication programmes

1)


S. Hadar S. Heidelberg S. Infantis S. Kedougou S. KottbusS.

Mishmarhaemek

S. Muenster S. Newport S.Oranienburg S. Redba S.

Senftenberg

41

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Greece - 2013




2 1 4 1 2 1 1Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Controland eradication programmes (all flocks)

S. Hadar S. Heidelberg S. Infantis S. Kedougou S. KottbusS.

Mishmarhaemek

S. Muenster S. Newport S.Oranienburg S. Redba S.

Senftenberg



3Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - Farm -Control and eradication programmes

1 2 1Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter -Farm - Control and eradication programmes



0 0 0Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - day-oldchicks - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

S.Stanleyville

S. Tennessee S. Thompson S. Wangata

42

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Comments:1) ONE OF THE 4 FLOCKS WAS NOT EXAMINED BECAUSE IT WAS NOT AT THE PROPER AGE





1)




3Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Controland eradication programmes (all flocks)

S.Stanleyville

S. Tennessee S. Thompson S. Wangata

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2.1.5 Salmonella in feedingstuffs

Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs


Officialsampling feed sample Single 25g 6 0Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens -

final product - Feed mill - Surveillance


Officialsampling feed sample Single 25g 20 0Compound feedingstuffs for fish - process control -



Officialsampling feed sample Single 25g 10 0

Compound feedingstuffs, not specified - processcontrol - pelleted - Processing plant - Surveillance(Pet food" Dog snacks (pigs ears, chewing bones)"

)




S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens -final product - Feed mill - Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs for fish - process control -Processing plant - Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs, not specified - processcontrol - pelleted - Processing plant - Surveillance(Pet food" Dog snacks (pigs ears, chewing bones)"

)

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

44

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Greece - 2013

Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs

45

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Greece - 2013

Table Salmonella in feed material of animal origin


Officialsampling feed sample Single 25g 1 0Feed material of land animal origin - meat and bone

meal - Feed mill - Surveillance


Officialsampling feed sample Single 25g 25 2

Feed material of land animal origin - Processingplant - Surveillance (Animal by-products and derivedproducts not intended for human consumption)


Officialsampling feed sample Single 25g 10 0Feed material of land animal origin - poultry offal

meal - Processing plant - Surveillance

Srate Vet Lab Objectivesampling

Officialsampling feed sample Single 25g 60 1Feed material of marine animal origin - fish meal -

Border inspection activities - Surveillance


Officialsampling feed sample Single 25g 85 4 4Feed material of marine animal origin - fish meal -



Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 40 0Feed material of marine animal origin - fish oil -

Border inspection activities - Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 5 0Feed material of marine animal origin - fish oil -





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

Feed material of land animal origin - meat and bonemeal - Feed mill - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

S.Oranienburg

S.Senftenberg

46

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Table Salmonella in feed material of animal origin

1 1

Feed material of land animal origin - Processingplant - Surveillance (Animal by-products and derivedproducts not intended for human consumption)

Feed material of land animal origin - poultry offalmeal - Processing plant - Surveillance

1Feed material of marine animal origin - fish meal -Border inspection activities - Surveillance

Feed material of marine animal origin - fish meal -Processing plant - Surveillance

Feed material of marine animal origin - fish oil -Border inspection activities - Surveillance

Feed material of marine animal origin - fish oil -Processing plant - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

S.Oranienburg

S.Senftenberg


2.1.6 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

No official national program is in force. Efforts commenced to develop a systematic reporting system ofantimicrobial resistance in various animal species. The results are limited and the only availableinformation is mainly provided from the National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella. Relevant reportsfor Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Animals (for both quantative and qualitative data) have beenincreased year per year at national level, especially for Salmonella agents.

Additional informationThe overall monitoring of antimicrobial resistance , especially for the Salmonella isolates in Poultry wascarried out using two laboratory methods.1. Performance Standards for Antmicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests-Ninth Edition; Approved StandardJanuary 2006 CLSI (M2-A9,Vol.26.No1 and Eighteenth Information Supplement CLSI (M100-S18, Vol.28No 1)2. Broth Microdilution Method (MIC)- Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteriathat grow Aerobically; Approved Standard January 2009 CLSI ( M07-A8, Vol. 29 No2) and Standard forbreakpoint from EFSA suggestions.

A. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in poultry

47Greece - 2013

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Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Hatchery - Domestic- Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - eggshells - quantitative data [Diffusion method]

12 2 0 2Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

11 2 0 1 1Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

27 2 0Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

13 2 0 1 1Penicillins - Ampicillin

13 1 0 1Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

12 2 1 1 1Sulfonamides

10 2 0 2Trimethoprim

22 1 1 1Carbapenems - Ertapenem

14 2 0 1 1Cephalosporins - Cefoxitin

22 2 0Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime

17 2 0 1 1Cephalosporins - Ceftiofur

30 2 2 1Quinolones

11 2 0 2Tetracyclines

Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Hatchery - Control and eradication programmes

1

Antimicrobials:

Isolates out of a monitoringprogram (yes/no)

Number of isolates availablein the laboratory

S. Livingstone

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Zone diameter (mm), number of isolates with a zone of inhibition equal to

49

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Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Hatchery - Domestic- Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - eggshells - quantitative data [Diffusion method]

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

2Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim

Carbapenems - Ertapenem

Cephalosporins - Cefoxitin

2Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime

Cephalosporins - Ceftiofur

1Quinolones

Tetracyclines

Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line -Hatchery - Control and eradication programmes

1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

50

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Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]

12 4 0 1 2 1Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin



13 4 0 2 1 1Penicillins - Ampicillin

13 4 0 1 1 1 1Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

12 4 0 1 1 1 1Sulfonamides


22 3 0Carbapenems - Ertapenem

18 3 0Cephalosporins - Cefepime



30 4 0Quinolones

11 4 0 1 3Tetracyclines

Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


51

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Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]



1 1 1 1Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime



Sulfonamides

1Trimethoprim

2 1Carbapenems - Ertapenem

1 2Cephalosporins - Cefepime

1Cephalosporins - Cefoxitin

2 2Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime

2 1 1Quinolones

Tetracyclines

Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Control and eradicationprogrammes

1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

52

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Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - dust - quantitative data [Diffusion method]

12 2 0 1 1Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin


13 2 0 2Penicillins - Ampicillin

13 2 0 1 1Quinolones - Nalidixic acid


10 2 0 1 1Trimethoprim


22 2 0 1Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime

30 2 0Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


1 1Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


53

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Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - dust - quantitative data [Diffusion method]


Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim



1 1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

54

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Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]


11 1 0 1Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin




12 1 0 1Sulfonamides




14 1 0 1Cephalosporins - Cefoxitin


30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


55

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Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim

1Carbapenems - Ertapenem

1Cephalosporins - Cefepime



1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

56

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Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Unspecified - Unspecified -HACCP and own checks - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 1 1Quinolones


Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Unspecified

1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


57

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Unspecified - Unspecified -HACCP and own checks - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim




Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime

Quinolones

Tetracyclines

Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Unspecified

1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

58

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic -Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - eggshells - quantitative data [Diffusion method]











30 1 1 1Quinolones


Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


59

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic -Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - eggshells - quantitative data [Diffusion method]





Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





Quinolones

Tetracyclines

Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm -Control and eradication programmes

1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

60

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Redba in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Redba

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


61

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Redba in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Redba

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

62

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Bredeney in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 3 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Bredeney

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


63

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Bredeney in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]





1Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

1 1Trimethoprim





1 1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Bredeney

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

64

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Bruck in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic - Controland eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Bruck

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


65

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Bruck in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic - Controland eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Bruck

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

66

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Cerro in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes -Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 1Quinolones


Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

1

Antimicrobials:



S. Cerro

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


67

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Cerro in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes -Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines

Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Control and eradicationprogrammes

1

Antimicrobials:



S. Cerro

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

68

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Agona in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]









30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Agona

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27





1

Antimicrobials:



S. Agona

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


69

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Agona in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]


Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim



1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Agona

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

70

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Muenster in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes- Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Muenster

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


71

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Muenster in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes- Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Muenster

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

72

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. I 4,12,27:b:- in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 0Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. I 4,12,27:b:-

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


73

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. I 4,12,27:b:- in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. I 4,12,27:b:-

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

74

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Senftenberg in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Senftenberg

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


75

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Senftenberg in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Senftenberg

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

76

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Paratyphi B in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]











30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Paratyphi B

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Paratyphi B

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


77

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Paratyphi B in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]




Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Paratyphi B

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

78

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Tennessee in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]











22 2 0 1 1Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime

30 2 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Tennessee

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


79

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Tennessee in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

1Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Tennessee

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

80

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Wangata in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes- Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 0Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Wangata

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


81

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Wangata in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes- Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Wangata

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

82

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Hadar in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes- Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]











30 2 2 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Hadar

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Hadar

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


83

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Hadar in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes- Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]




Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Hadar

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

84

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Infantis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - dust - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 0Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Infantis

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


85

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Infantis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - dust - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Infantis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

86

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. II 11:m,t:e,n,x in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. II 11:m,t:e,n,x

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


87

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. II 11:m,t:e,n,x in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. II 11:m,t:e,n,x

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

88

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Corvallis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 0Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Corvallis

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


89

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Corvallis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Corvallis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

90

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]







10 1 0Trimethoprim





30 1 0Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Typhimurium

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


91

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

1Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Typhimurium

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

92

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes- Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]











30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


93

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes- Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]




Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

94

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 3 0Quinolones

11 3 0 1 1 1Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


95

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

1Trimethoprim





2 1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

96

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic -Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 2 0Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


97

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic -Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

1Trimethoprim





1 1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Enteritidis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

98

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Unspecified - HACCP and own checks - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


99

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Unspecified - HACCP and own checks - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

100

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic -Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


101

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic -Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - hatcher basket liner - quantitative data [Diffusionmethod]












30 1 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


102

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Livingstone in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic -Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - hatcher basket liner - quantitative data [Diffusionmethod]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Livingstone

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

103

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Mishmarhaemek in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 2 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Mishmarhaemek

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


104

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Mishmarhaemek in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1 1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Mishmarhaemek

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

105

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Braenderup in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]





13 3 0 1 1 1Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

12 3 0 1 1 1Sulfonamides

10 3 0 1 1 1Trimethoprim



14 3 0 1 1 1Cephalosporins - Cefoxitin


30 3 0Quinolones

11 3 0 1 1 1Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Braenderup

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


106

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Braenderup in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1 1 1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Braenderup

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

107

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Bredeney in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]







22 1 0 1Carbapenems - Ertapenem



30 1 1 1Quinolones


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Bredeney

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27





1

Antimicrobials:



S. Bredeney

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


108

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Bredeney in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]



Trimethoprim

Carbapenems - Ertapenem



Quinolones


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Bredeney

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

109

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Bruck in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic - Controland eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Bruck

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Bruck

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


110

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Newport in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes -Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]









30 1 0Quinolones


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Newport

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27






1

Antimicrobials:



S. Newport

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


111

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Newport in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes -Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]





1Quinolones


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Newport

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

112

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Kottbus in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]











30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Kottbus

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Kottbus

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


113

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Kottbus in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]




Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Kottbus

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

114

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Thompson in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]











22 4 0 1 1 2Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime

30 4 2Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Thompson

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


115

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Thompson in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





2 2Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Thompson

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

116

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Oranienburg in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 0Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Oranienburg

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


117

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Oranienburg in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Oranienburg

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

118

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Derby in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes -Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 0Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Derby

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


119

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Derby in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes -Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Derby

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

120

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Stanleyville in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 0Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Stanleyville

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


121

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Stanleyville in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Stanleyville

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

122

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Umbilo in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic -Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]










30 1 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Umbilo

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Umbilo

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


123

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Umbilo in Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - Farm - Domestic -Control and eradication programmes - Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]




Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim




Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Umbilo

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

124

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Glostrup in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 2 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Glostrup

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


125

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Glostrup in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

1Trimethoprim




1 1Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime

1 1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Glostrup

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

126

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Infantis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






12 4 0 1 2 1Sulfonamides

10 4 0 1 2 1Trimethoprim





30 4 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Infantis

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


127

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Infantis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradicationprogrammes - Census - Official sampling - animal sample - faeces - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1 1 1 1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Infantis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

128

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Kedougou in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes- Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Kedougou

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


129

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Kedougou in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes- Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Kedougou

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

130

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Corvallis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes -Census - HACCP and own checks - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]












30 1 1 1Quinolones



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Corvallis

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


131

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Corvallis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes -Census - HACCP and own checks - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]






Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





Quinolones

Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Corvallis

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

132

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Haardt in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes -Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]











30 1 0Quinolones

11 1 0Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Haardt

Cut-offvalue N n <=4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27



1

Antimicrobials:



S. Haardt

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36


133

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Haardt in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Domestic - Control and eradication programmes -Census - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Diffusion method]




Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim





1Quinolones

1Tetracyclines


1

Antimicrobials:



S. Haardt

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 >=36

134

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance testing of Salmonella in Animals

Standard methods used for testing

2Gentamicin

32

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin

16Amphenicols Chloramphenicol

0.5Cefotaxime

2

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidime

0.064Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin

8Penicillins Ampicillin

16Quinolones Nalidixic acid

256Sulfonamides Sulfonamides

8Tetracyclines Tetracycline

2Trimethoprim Trimethoprim

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Test Method Used

135

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

136

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance testing of Salmonella in Feed


2Gentamicin

32

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin


0.5Cefotaxime

2

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidime









Test Method Used

137

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

138

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance testing of Salmonella in Food


2Gentamicin

32

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin


0.5Cefotaxime

2

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidime









Test Method Used

139

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013


2.2 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: Thermophilic CampylobacterTARGETS : Animals / Contaminated Food

Surveillance system- HistoryThere is not yet in force an official systematic national Campylobacter control program for animals andfood. Sporadic selective samples are collected and examined, especially from sheep (aborted fetus in thefield) and broilers (at slaughterhouse).

Results of 2009 zoonoses monitoring

Animals: Cattle (n=20), Sheep (n=56) , Goats, Pigs, Horses ( n=1 ) were officially tested and 11 animals(sheep) were found positive to Campylobacter fetus ( animal sample: aborted fetus / stomach content ).Food : Targeted official sampling of fresh broiler meat at processing plant level revealed 33 positivesamples out of 47 tested (Campylobacter spp- unspecified)

Data are presented in the relevant tables of EFSA web based electronic system for zoonoses monitoring.

A. Thermophilic Campylobacter general evaluation

140Greece - 2013


2.2.2 Campylobacteriosis in humans

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection

DISEASE/AGENT: CambylobacteriosisAFFECTED SPECIES: Human

Results of the investigations in the year 2006

In 2006 , 286 cases (incidence: 2,61 per 100.000 inhabitants) of campylobacteriosis in humans werereported . From the total number of Campylobacter cases, 23 human cases were identified as C. jejuni (223 Unknown ).

A. Thermophilic Campylobacter in humans

141Greece - 2013

142

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

2.2.3 Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates

Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. coli in Animals


2Gentamicin

4

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin


8Macrolides Erythromycin





Test Method Used

143

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. coli in Feed


2Gentamicin

4

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin







Test Method Used

144

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. coli in Food


2Gentamicin

4

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin







Test Method Used

145

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni in Animals


2Gentamicin

4

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin







Test Method Used

146

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni in Feed


2Gentamicin

4

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin







Test Method Used

147

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni in Food


2Gentamicin

4

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin







Test Method Used


2.3 LISTERIOSIS


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: ListeriosisAFFECTED SPECIES: Animals and Food

Surveillance systemRoutine and targeted official sampling performed by the national veterinary public health authorities andthe Hellenic Food Safety Authority (EFET) respecting the microbiological criteria foreseen by CommunityLegislation and Hygiene Package.

Method usedThe laboratory methods used for Listeria detection and enumeration were : ISO 11290.01 Part 1 (1997),ISO 11290.01/A1 Amendment 1 (2005) and ISO 11290.02 /A1 Part 2 and Amendment 1 (2005)respectively.

Summary selected statistical results of 2011 zoonoses monitoring

Sample CategoriesPercentage % of positive samples among tested units for Listeria monocytogenesAnimals (sheep and Goats) 2,78Other products0Pig Meat 1,66%Pig meat products cooked ready to eat 75%Milk and dairy products0,34%

Data analysis are presented in the relevant tables of EFSA web based electronic system for zoonosesmonitoring.

Summary Statistical Results

The overall 2011 reported and calculated percentage of Listeria positive findings (units) in all testedsamples was 2,37% (19/800*100) for all food categories examined. This rate is slightly higher comparedto the related percentage of positive samples for Listeria in 2010 (1,06 % (5/468*100), which wassignificantly lower compared to the related percertage of positive samples tested in 2009 and wasattributed to Pig meat and products thereof contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes.

The overall 2009 reported and calculated percentage of Listeria positive findings (units) in all testedsamples was 5,87 % (84/1432*100) for all food categories examined. This rate is significantly higher fromthe related percertage of positive samples tested in 2008 and was attributed to Pig meat and productsthereof contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes.

A. Listeriosis general evaluation

148Greece - 2013


The overall 2008 reported and calculated percentage of Listeria positive findings (units) in all testedsamples was 1,53 %( 28/1826*100) for all food categories examined.

149Greece - 2013


2.3.2 Listeriosis in humans

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: ListeriosisAFFECTED SPECIES: Humans

Surveillance systemMandatory Notification of the disease within week (reporting time period following diagnosis)

Results of the monitoring in the year 2006Seven (7) human cases ( 3 males and 4 females ) were reported in 2006.

A. Listeriosis in humans

150Greece - 2013

151

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

2.3.3 Listeria in foodstuffs

Table Listeria monocytogenes in milk and dairy products


Officialsampling food sample Single 25ml 5 0 5 0Milk, cows' - pasteurised milk - Processing plant -

Surveillance

State vet Lab Objectivesampling

Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 5 0 5 0





Srate Vet Lab Objectivesampling


Cheeses made from sheep's milk - soft and semi-soft - made from pasteurised milk - Retail -Surveillance



Cheeses made from sheep's milk - hard - made frompasteurised milk - Processing plant - Surveillance



Cheeses made from cows' milk - unspecified -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance



Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - hard - made from pasteurised milk -Processing plant - Surveillance (cheeses made fromsheep and goat milk)



weight Units tested

Total unitspositive for L.monocytogen

es

Units testedwith detection

method

Listeriamonocytogenes presence

in x g

152

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013




Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - hard - made from pasteurised milk -Processing plant - Surveillance (sheep and goatKefalograviera,Graviera, Kefalotiri cheese )



Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - soft and semi-soft - made frompasteurised milk - Processing plant - Surveillance



Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - soft and semi-soft - made frompasteurised milk - Processing plant - Surveillance(cheeses made from sheep and goat milk)



Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - dairy desserts -Processing plant - Surveillance (Chocolate dessert)


Officialsampling food sample Single 25gr 45 0 45 0

Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - yoghurt -Processing plant - Surveillance (Yogurt made fromsheep milkand yogurt dessert)


Officialsampling food sample Single 25ml 5 0 5 0

Milk, cows' - raw milk for manufacture - intended formanufacture of raw or low heat-treated products -Farm - Surveillance

state Vet Lab Objectivesampling

Officialsampling food sample Single 25ml 5 0 5 0Milk, goats' - pasteurised milk - Processing plant -

Surveillance



weight Units tested


es


method


in x g

153

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013


0 0 0Milk, cows' - pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

0 0 0Cheeses made from goats' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

0 0 0Cheeses made from sheep's milk - soft and semi-soft - made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant- Surveillance

1 0 0Cheeses made from sheep's milk - soft and semi-soft - made from pasteurised milk - Retail -Surveillance

0 0 0Cheeses made from sheep's milk - hard - made frompasteurised milk - Processing plant - Surveillance

0 0 0Cheeses made from cows' milk - unspecified -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

0 0 0

Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - hard - made from pasteurised milk -Processing plant - Surveillance (cheeses made fromsheep and goat milk)

0 0 0

Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - hard - made from pasteurised milk -Processing plant - Surveillance (sheep and goatKefalograviera,Graviera, Kefalotiri cheese )

Units testedwith

enumerationmethod

> detectionlimit but <=100 cfu/g

L.monocytogen

es > 100cfu/g

154

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013


0 0 0

Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - soft and semi-soft - made frompasteurised milk - Processing plant - Surveillance

0 0 0

Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheepand/or goats - soft and semi-soft - made frompasteurised milk - Processing plant - Surveillance(cheeses made from sheep and goat milk)

0 0 0

Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - dairy desserts -Processing plant - Surveillance (Chocolate dessert)

0 0 0

Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - yoghurt -Processing plant - Surveillance (Yogurt made fromsheep milkand yogurt dessert)

0 0 0Milk, cows' - raw milk for manufacture - intended formanufacture of raw or low heat-treated products -Farm - Surveillance

0 0 0Milk, goats' - pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

Units testedwith

enumerationmethod


L.monocytogen

es > 100cfu/g

155

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Listeria monocytogenes in other foods


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 10 0 10 0Meat from pig - fresh - Processing plant -

Surveillance


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 40 9 40 9Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-to-



Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 11 0 11 0Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-to-


State vet Lab Objectivesampling

Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 4 0 4 0Meat from bovine animals - fresh - Processing plant

- Surveillance


Officialsampling Single 25g 50 0 50 0Fish - smoked - Processing plant - Surveillance



Egg products - dried - Processing plant -Surveillance ( pasteurised egg)


Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 10 0 10 0Fish - unspecified - Retail - Surveillance



Meat, mixed meat - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Processing plant - Surveillance ("air driedsalami from the Greek islandof Lefkada")

State Vet Lab Unspecified Officialsampling food sample Single 25g 10 0 10 0

Other processed food products and prepared dishes- sandwiches - Processing plant - Surveillance



weight Units tested


es


method


in x g

156

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

Table Listeria monocytogenes in other foods

0 0 0Meat from pig - fresh - Processing plant -Surveillance


0 0 0Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Retail - Surveillance

0 0 0Meat from bovine animals - fresh - Processing plant- Surveillance

0 0 0Fish - smoked - Processing plant - Surveillance

0 0 0Egg products - dried - Processing plant -Surveillance ( pasteurised egg)

0 0 0Fish - unspecified - Retail - Surveillance

Meat, mixed meat - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Processing plant - Surveillance ("air driedsalami from the Greek islandof Lefkada")

0 0 0Other processed food products and prepared dishes- sandwiches - Processing plant - Surveillance

Units testedwith

enumerationmethod


L.monocytogen

es > 100cfu/g

157

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

2.3.4 Listeria in animals

Table Listeria in animals


Officialsampling

animalsample Unknown 2 0Cattle (bovine animals) - dairy cows - Farm -

Monitoring


Officialsampling

animalsample Unknown 6 1 1Sheep - Farm - Monitoring


Officialsampling

animalsample Unknown 8 2 2Goats - Farm - Monitoring



Total unitspositive for

Listeria

L.monocytogen

es

Listeria spp.,unspecified


2.4 E. COLI INFECTIONS


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: Verocytotoxic E.coliAFFECTED SPECIES: Animals / Food

Surveillance systemThere is no official National monitoring program in force for detecting VTEC serovars in animals and food.

Results of investigations in the year 2011Only severar animal and food samples were tested for E.coli spp in 2011

A. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections general evaluation

158Greece - 2013


2.4.2 E. coli infections in humans

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: Verocytotoxic E.ColiAFFECTED SPECIES: Human

Surveillance systemMandatory Notification of the disease within 24 hours (reporting time period following diagnosis)

Results of zoonoses monitoringNo cases of VTEC in humans were reported for the year 2006

A. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in humans

159Greece - 2013

160

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

2.4.3 Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs

Table VT E. coli in food


Officialsampling food sample Classification

not possible Single 5g 25 0Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - ice-cream -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

1)


Officialsampling food sample Classification

not possible Single 5g 25 0Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - yoghurt -Processing plant - Surveillance



Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation -intended to be eaten cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance





Officialsampling food sample Single 5g 5 0Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be

eaten raw - Processing plant - Surveillance




State Vet lab Objectivesampling


Meat from pig - meat products - raw and intended tobe eaten raw - Processing plant - Surveillance



Meat from turkey - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Processing plant - Surveillance (smoked fillet)


Officialsampling food sample Unknown Classification

not possible Single 5ml 20 0Milk, cows' - raw milk - intended for direct humanconsumption - Processing plant - Surveillance

2)


Samplingstrategy Sampler Sample type Sample origin Analytical

MethodSampling unit Sample

weight Units tested


VerotoxigenicE. coli

(VTEC)


(VTEC) -VTEC O157

161

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013



Officialsampling food sample Single 100cm2 100 0

Other food - Processing plant - Surveillance (slaughtered animals surface)


Officialsampling food sample Single 5g 18 0Snails - Processing plant - Surveillance




weight Units tested



(VTEC)


(VTEC) -VTEC O157


1)

Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - yoghurt -Processing plant - Surveillance

Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation -intended to be eaten cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance


Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to beeaten raw - Processing plant - Surveillance


Meat from pig - meat products - raw and intended tobe eaten raw - Processing plant - Surveillance


(VTEC) -VTEC non-

O157


(VTEC) -VTEC,

unspecified

162

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013


Comments:1) Analytical method used is ISO 16649-22) Analytical method used is ISO 21528-2

Meat from turkey - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Processing plant - Surveillance (smoked fillet)

Milk, cows' - raw milk - intended for direct humanconsumption - Processing plant - Surveillance

2)

Other food - Processing plant - Surveillance (slaughtered animals surface)

Snails - Processing plant - Surveillance


(VTEC) -VTEC non-

O157


(VTEC) -VTEC,

unspecified

163

Greece - 2013 R


Greece - 2013

2.4.4 Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals

Table VT E. coli in animals


Officialsampling

animalsample Unknown 3 3Sheep - Farm - Monitoring


Officialsampling food sample UnknownGoats - Farm - Monitoring

2 2Goats - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring




weight Units tested



(VTEC)


(VTEC) -VTEC O157

3Sheep - Farm - Monitoring

Goats - Farm - Monitoring

2Goats - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring


(VTEC) -VTEC non-

O157


(VTEC) -VTEC,

unspecified


2.5 TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES


History of the disease and/or infection in the countrySusceptible population (overall Bovine population size estimate)730175 animals raised in 40376 holdings.

Surveillance systemNational Eradication program for bovine tuberculosis.

Method usedRegistration and identification of all bovines.Tuberculin testing of all bovines over the age of 6 weeks.

Case definitionInfected animal: Animal positive to tuberculin testing.Infected herd: Herd with one or more animals positive to tuberculin testing

Vaccination policyVaccination is not permitted.

Measures in case of positive findingsSlaughter of positive animals.Ban of animal movement from and within the infected herdRe-examination of the herd and re-establishment of the “tuberculosis free” health status.

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionEpidemiological overview, history and technical evaluationVariations have been recorded on the evolution of bovine Tuberculosis compared to the previous year(2010) as the herd prevalence increased from to 2.70 % (2010) to 3,45 this year (2011). The herdincidence rate similarly increased from 0,84 % (2009) to 1.05% (2010) and to 1,12 (2011). The 2011animal reported prevalence (1,07%) was lower compared to the previous year 2010 (1.27%). In general,the epidemiological indicators are influenced by the number of herds and animals tested in areas withhigh infection rates.

Concerning the overall infection status in the framework of the eradication programme, 176 positive herdswith 2.289 animals were reported at the end of the reporting year 2011. However, followingepidemiological data analysis at country level, 14.295 herds reported officially free, 4.767 herds reportedwith suspended health status and 3938 herds reported as herds of unknown health status.

The significant number of herds with unknown health status is mainly due to the livestock structure ofnomos of Etoloakarnania. This area has a significant number of bovine herds with semi-wild animals of notuberculosis history that were previously categorized as officially free and from the year 2003 were

A. Tuberculosis general evaluation

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characterized as herds of unknown health status due to the difficult access in applying animal healthprogrammes at local level.

In general, the epidemiological impact of M. bovis situation in 2011 remained steady in endemic areaswith observed variations in prevalence and incidence rates in comparison with previous yearsepidemiological figures. In general, Bovine Tuberculosis infection remains a significant animal healthproblem in several areas of Greece with endemic characteristics, especially in previous infected herdswith adult animals. In addition Control and eradication measures for old and new infected herds should bea major continuous task for the veterinary services at regional and local level. In conclusion, furtherattempts and actions for investigating the epidemiology of the disease, identifying the source of infection,control the animal movements, tracing the infected farms after identifying TB lesions at slaughterhouseand properly implementing the program respecting the appropriate timetable between the checks will befollowed in order to meet the eradication targets of Bovine Tuberculosis for the coming implementationyears.

Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)

Relevance as zoonotic disease:In general, bovine Tuberculosis infection remains a significant animal health problem in several areas ofGreece.

Additional informationSummary results of the zoonoses monitoring for the year 2011

•Number of herds under the programme (official controls): 24.204•Number of animals under the programme (official controls): 653.550•Number of herds tested by tuberculin test: 5.098•Number of herds positive: 176•Number of new herds positive : 57•Number of animals tested by tuberculin test: 181.003•Number of animals as positive TB reactors: 2.289•Total number of animals slaughtered under the programme: 3.058

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2.5.2 Tuberculosis, mycobacterial diseases in humans

Additional informationDISEASE/AGENT: Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis )SUSCEPTIBLE SPECIES: Humans

Susceptible population10.934.097 (National Census, 2001)

Surveillance systemMandatory reporting and notification policyEpidemiological surveillance

Methods usedClinical symptoms, X -ray diagnosis and microbiological confirmation.

Epidemiological history and evaluationThe prevalent causal agent of Human Tuberculosis in Greece is M.Tuberculosis. A decreasing trend ofreported cases has been observed during the year 2000 (93) compared to 1999 (186) and 1998 (990)respectively. In 2001 the number of TB reported cases (576 cases) significantly increased compared tothe cases of 2000 (93 cases). No human cases of Bovine Tuberculosis (M. bovis) have been reportedto the public Health services during 2004 in Greece. In the year 2004, the year of Olympic games inGreece, a significant increase of Human Tuberculosis cases (713 cases due to M. Tuberculosis) wasrecorded via the national epidemiological surveillance system which was rapid, well â€“ functioned endeffective in detecting new cases. Immigration is considered an important risk factor for the TB re-emerge.During the year 2005 , an incidence rate of 1,62 per 100.000 inhabitants was reported . In addition,reactivation of previous TB cases was observed in 2005 ( 71 cases).

Results for the year 2006Epidemiologic and Statistical TB Human Data for the year 2006 are available in central and regionalpublic health authorities supervised by the Hellenic Disease Center for Control and Prevention under theMinistry of Health.

Results of the investigations in the year 2005Based on reports from the Ministry of Health (Source: Hellenic center of infectious diseases and control) ,748 cases of Human tuberculosis were recorded for the year 20045 Relative information and Data areshown in relevant Tables of EFSA zoonoses monitoring electronic system.

Source of human infectionHuman contact.

Relevance as zoonotic diseaseHuman Tuberculosis is a disease of high public concern and significance. The Continuous evaluation ofthe TB trends in Humans and animals will improve the disease management and intervention at nationallevel. Inter- sector collaboration between Veterinary and Health services should be encouraged in the

A. Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in humans

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field of disease epidemiology for each reported TB case in Humans and animals.

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2.5.3 Mycobacterium in animals

Table Bovine tuberculosis - data on status of herds at the end of the period - Community co-financed eradication programmes

Comments:1) The Bovine Tuberculosis eradication programme has not been co-financed for 2013. Data collection and presesentation since many years ago follows the

Community format and layout because the programme implementation respects the EU rules and requirements. The past TB programmes were co-financed by the EU.

2) N.A.

Animals Herds Animals Herds

Not free or not officially free

Animals HerdsRegion

Total number of herds andanimals under the

programme

Animals Herds Animals Herds AnimalsHerds AnimalsHerds

Unknown Free Officially freeFree or officially freesuspended Free Officially free

Last check positive Last check negative

Status of herds and animals under the programme

Ελλαδα1)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total :2)

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year.

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Table Bovine tuberculosis in countries and regions that do not receive Community co-financing for eradication programmes

Comments:1) this is the number of herds under the programme2) N.A.

Herds Animals Number of herds % Number of herds %

Number oftuberculin tests

carried out beforethe introductioninto the herds

(Annex A(I)(2)(c)third indent (1) of

Directive64/432/EEC)

Number ofanimals withsuspiciouslesions of

tuberculosisexamined andsubmitted to

histopathologicaland

bacteriological

Number ofanimals detected

positive inbacteriologicalexamination

Total number of existing bovine Infected herdsOfficially free herds

Interval betweenroutine tuberculin

tests

Number ofanimals tested

Routine tuberculin testing

Region

25777 662132 10765 41.76 221 .86 once a year 181333 195 129Ελλαδα1)

25777 662132 10765 41.76 221 .86 N.A. 181333 0 195 129Total :2)


Only istopathological examination was performed and from the 195 samples tested 129 were positive

Footnote:


2.6 BRUCELLOSIS


History of the disease and/or infection in the countryDISEASE: Bovine BrucellosisAFFECTED SPECIES: Animals, Bovines

Susceptible population726.221 animals raised in 38.486 holdings

Surveillance systemNational Eradication program for bovine brucellosis.

Method usedRegistration and identification of all bovinesSerological tests (Rose Bengal and Complement Fixation Test according the Dir. 64/432 as well as Elisain milk and serum and Serum Agglutination Test) of all bovines over the age of 12 months.Laboratory examination of reported abortions.

Case definitionInfected animal: Animal positive to serological tests.Infected herd: Herd with one or more animals positive to serological tests.

Vaccination policyVaccination is not permitted.

Measures in case of positive findingsSlaughter of positive animals.Ban of animal movement from and into the infected herd.Reexamination of the herd and restoration of the “brucellosis free” health status.

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionData analysisTables on data for herds and animals investigated during the year 2011 were reported to Commission andEFSA web- based data system alongside the tabulated values of the herd health status according to theepidemiological situation at the end of the year 2011 in the whole country.

From 19.786 reported herds at central level under the program, 5.260 herds were tested and 264 herdswere found infected (period herd prevalence: 5,02%). From the positive herds, 85 were new cases(incidence: 1,62%). Among 386.867 animals under the program, 220.170 were tested (73.667 testedindividually) and 1.885 disease-positive reactors were recorded.

Concerning the epidemiological situation at the end of the year, 182 herds were classified as infected

A. Brucellosis general evaluation

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herds, 4.459 herds have never been investigated and remained in the unknown health status, 490 herdstested negative and 11.892 herds were reported as officially free. Additionally, in 2.638 herds the healthstatus has been suspended, mainly because the routine serology testing in Blood serum or bulk milk hasnot been performed during the required by the programme intervals.

Further epidemiological investigation of positive herds is necessary to be done as reactors originated fromofficially free herds based on Reports from Regional and local veterinary authorities.

Technical evaluation.Observed variations have been recorded on the evolution of bovine Brucellosis for the year 2011. The2011 period prevalence rate reported slighter higher (5,02%) compared to the previous year 2010((4,62%)). The estimated herd incidence rate decreased from 2% (2010) to 1,62% (2011). The 2011animal prevalence (0,86%) reported lower in comparison with the previous year 2010 (1,28%). In general,the epidemiological indicators are influenced by the number of herds and animals tested in areas of highinfection rate of Bovine Brucellosis.

Although the epidemiological situation in 2011 has not significantly improved compared to 2010, BovineBrucellosis infection still remains a significant animal health problem in several areas of Greece withendemic characteristics, especially in previous infected herds or herds not periodically tested according tothe programme requirements. In addition, strict Control and eradication measures for old and new infectedherds should be a major task and priority for the veterinary services at regional and local level. Inconclusion, further attempts and actions for investigating the epidemiology of the disease, identifying thesource of infection and properly implementing the national program shall be urgently undertaken in orderto meet the disease eradication targets for the next years.

Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)

Relevance as zoonotic diseaseIn general, bovine Brucellosis infection remains a significant animal health problem in several areas ofGreece. The systematic implementation of bovine brucellosis eradication program is associated with thepublic health relevance of this zoonotic disease.

Recent actions taken to control the zoonosesRB-51 Vaccination programme in Thessaloniki prefectureAs an additional preventive measure in order to rapidly reduce the prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis, avaccination policy using the RB-51 vaccine (Brucella abortus strain ) was implemented in the specific highrisk area (Thessaloniki) in order to facilitate the progress of the existing Brucellosis eradication programmein Bovine Herds ( dairy herds ) which is in force and works concurrently with the vaccination strategy.During 2011, 126 Bovine herds (12.231 animals) reported vaccinated.

Suggestions to the European Union for the actions to be takenSource of human infection- Causal association.The presence of B. abortus in animals compared to Brucella melitensis in small ruminants, has a lesserpublic health impact in Humans based on the epidemiology and official records from public healthservices.

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Additional informationSummary Epidemiological and Statistical Data on the evolution of 2011 Bovine Brucellosis Programmeare presented in the Reporting Tables of EFSA web-based zoonoses system.

Summary results of the zoonoses monitoring in the year 2011

•Number of herds under the programme (official control): 19.786•Number of animals under the programme (official control): 386.867•Number of herds tested: 5.260•Number of herds positive: 264•Number of new herds positive: 85•Number of animals tested: 220.170•Number of animals tested individually: 73.667•Number of animals positive: 1.885•Total number of animals slaughtered: 7.104

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2.6.2 Brucellosis in humans

Results of the investigationResults of the 2006 zoonoses monitoring period.A total of 284 human Brucellosis cases were reported to the competent authorities (incidence per 100.000persons = 2,59). The reported cases were classified as autochone (n=186), Imported (n=33) andunknown (n=65) cases respectively. The 2006 annual incidence rate reported lower compared to 2005 forBrucellosis in humans.

Results of the 2005 zoonoses monitoring period.

A total of 331 human Brucellosis cases were reported to the competent authorities (incidence per100.000 persons = 3,02). All the reported cases were classified as autochone cases. Among the overallBrucella prevalence, 7 human cases were B. abortus , 16 B. melitensis, and 172 occupationalrespectively. The remaining Brucella spp cases , although have not been confirmed and typed, areconsidered to be B . melitensis due to epidemiological outcome and history of the disease occurrence.


DISEASE/AGENT: BrucellosisSUSCEPTIBLE SPECIES: Humans

Susceptible population10.934.097 (National Census ,2001)

Surveillance systemMandatory reporting and notification policyEpidemiological surveillance

Methods usedClinical symptoms, serology,culture and microbiological confirmation.

Epidemiological history and evaluationThe continuous implementation of the control and eradication programmes in animals, especially in sheepand goats appears to have a successful impact on decreasing Human Brucellosis cases in Greece overtime. In addition the widespread pasteurization, obligatory by law of milk and milk products hasscientifically reduced the Human Brucellosis incidence.

For the year 1996 the reported cases were 451, slightly increased compared to those of 1998 (419 cases).For the years 1999 â€“ 2003 the reported human cases were 451, 334, 379 , 327 and 255 respectively.

Relevance as zoonotic disease

A. Brucellosis in humans

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Relevance as zoonotic diseaseThe relevance and public health significance of B. melitensis as the main causative zoonotic agentremains very high in humans.

Source of human infectionAnimal contact and consumption of dairy un- pasteurized products are mainly the source of humaninfection.

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2.6.3 Brucella in animals

Vaccination policyRB-51 Vaccination programme in Thessaloniki prefectureAs an additional preventive measure in order to rapidly reduce the Bovine Brucellosis Prevalence, avaccination policy using the RB-51 vaccine (Brucella abortus strain) was implemented in the specific highrisk area (Thessalonika) in order to facilitate the progress of the existing Brucellosis eradicationprogramme in Bovine Herds (dairy herds) which is in force and works simultaneously with thevaccination strategy.The evolution of the 2005 vaccination programme is presented in the table below :TABLE 1

HERDS UNDER THE PROGRAM800ANIMALS UNDER THE PROGRAM42.445VACCINATED HERDS 141ANIMALS IN VACCINATED HERDS10.295VACCINATED ANIMALS8.203 CUMULATIVE HERD COVERAGE AT THE END OF THE YEAR 200542%ANIMAL COVERAGE IN VACCINATED HERDS80 %CUMULATIVE ANIMAL VACCINATION COVERAGE AT THE END OF THE YEAR 200545%

A. Brucella abortus in bovine animals

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Status as officially free of ovine brucellosis during the reporting yearThe entire country free

Non officially free Country

Additional informationTotal Susceptible population ( Data 2011 / Directorate of Animal Health , MRDF)15947917 sheep and Goats raised in 125.599 Flocks.

Surveillance systemThe control program for ovine and caprine brucellosis is in force in the mainland (includes massvaccination policy in young and adult sheep and goat population) and Brucellosis eradication programruns in islands.

Method usedRegistration and identification systems applied in animals.Serological test (test and slaughter policy) in animals raising in the islands.Animal mass vaccination in the mainland.

Case definitionInfected animal: Animal positive to serological tests.Infected Flock: Flock with one or more animals positive .

Vaccination policyVaccination according to the control program.

Measures in case of positive findings (according to the eradication program)Slaughter of positive animals.Ban of animal movement from and to the infected herd.Re-examination of the herd and re establishment of the “brucellosis free” health status.

Vaccination policySEMI-WILD BOVINE VACCINATION WITH REV 1 VACCINE

As an additional preventive measure under the existing control and eradication brucellosis programme forsheep and goats, the free-ranged ( semi-wild ) bovines that are sharing common pastures with smallruminants, were vaccinated with REV-1 vaccine in order to reduce the spread of Brucella infection in thefield.

Number of Bovine herds vaccinated with REV-1 vaccine: 777Number of Bovine animals vaccinated with REV-1 : 9.363

Control program/mechanismsThe control program/strategies in place

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN THE ISLANDS – DATA ANALYSIS

B. Brucella melitensis in sheep

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In the islands (eradication zone), except Evia, Lesvos and Leros, the 2011 flock incidence and prevalencerates among tested sheep and goats flocks were reported 0,58 % and 5,38 % respectively. The animalprevalence reported 0,31 % in 2011 . The islands of Lesvos and Leros have been excluded from theeradication policy and belong to the mainland vaccination programme status.

The 2011 Brucella Melitensis flock prevalence and incidence rates within eradication zone are mainlyinfluenced (not representative from all the regions of the eradication zone with low herd coverage and nopositive results ) by the positive reactors reported from the regions Lasithi , Rethymno, Hraklio andDodekanissa where the programme is carried out.

Summary results of the zoonoses monitoring in the year 2011 from the eradication zone

•Number of flocks under the programme (official control): 25.922•Number of animals under the programme (official control): 4.208.986•Number of flocks tested: 1209•Number of flocks positive: 65•Number of new flocks positive: 7•Number of animals tested individually: 113.494•Number of animals positive: 382•Total number of animals slaughtered: 612

Notification system in placeMandatory notification status.

Results of the investigationEPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN THE MAINLAND – DATA ANALYSIS

Summary results of the official mass vaccination 2011 programme in sheep and goats:

Mass vaccination carried out in the Mainland. During 2011, based on vaccination records and reportsfrom the Regional Veterinary Directorates ( at Prefecture level ) , 912.790 sheep and goats from 23.080flocks were vaccinated with the vaccine REV 1 . Further analysis and detailed statistics (flock and animalvaccination data, follow –up and up to date vaccination activities) are available through the central database files of the Department of Zoonoses (Animal Health Directorate).

Number of flocks vaccinated: 23.080Number of animals vaccinated : 912.790

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionEpidemiological and Technical evaluation

The Ovine and Caprine Brucellosis control and eradication programme has been implemented in themainland and islands of Greece in 2011. The 2011 B.melitensis programme was carried out with co-financing status by the E.U based on the Commission Decision 2008/897/EC. Greek Farmers obtained

177Greece - 2013


compensation for positive-infected sheep and goats based on the requirements and provisions of theNational Ministerial Decision 713/2009. The Country is divided in 13 prefectures - Peripheries. For theimplementation of brucellosis control and eradication programme, Greece is divided in two programmezones in which different policies and measures are applied, the control strategy in the mainland (massvaccination of young and adult female small ruminants) and the eradication policy in the islands which isbased on test and slaughter of positive reactors receptively.

Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as a sourceof infection)

Relevance as zoonotic diseaseThe relevance of the disease has a significant impact at Public Health level for the Community andconsumers.

Source of human infectionMainly from animal contact and consumption of dairy products (especially consumption of dairy productsderived from non heated and pasteurized milk or immature types of sheep and goat cheese). In addition, itshould be acknowledged the possible risk of obtaining the disease, if various home- made dairy productsof unknown origin and hygiene quality are eaten by the consumers.

Additional informationEpidemiological historyOvine and caprine brucellosis due to B. melitensis is a significant disease for both public health andanimal production in Greece. During the last years a control and eradication program is running by theveterinary services of the Ministry of Rural Development and Food. The aim of the program is to controlthe incidence and prevalence of the disease in areas of the country where these estimates are reportedhigh, by vaccination of lambs and kids. At the same time, in the remaining parts of the country, where theprevalence of the disease is reported low among sheep and goat flocks, an eradication program isimplemented by test and slaughter policy.

Source of human infectionMainly from animal contact and consumption of dairy products of unknown origin and hygiene quality.(Especially, consumption of dairy products prepared from non pasteurized milk or immature types ofsheep and goat cheese).

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Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis - data on herds - Community co-financed eradication programmes

Comments:1) ERADICATION PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTED IN ISLANDS2) N.A.3) ERADICATION PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTED IN ISLANDS

Total number ofherds

Total number ofherds under the

programme

Number ofherds checked

Number ofpositive herds

Number of newpositive herds

Number ofherds

depopulated

% positive herdsdepopulated

Indicators

% herdcoverage

% positive herdsPeriod herdprevalence

% new positiveherds HerdIncidenceRegion

28242 27827 1488 21 3 0 0 5.35 1.41 .2Ελλαδα1)

28242 27827 1488 21 3 0 0 5.35 1.41 .2Total :2)

28246 28155 382 33 1 4 12.12 1.36 8.64 .26Total - 13)


The ovine and caprine B, Melitansis eradication programme covers only the islands of Greece. For The remaining country regions , the mainland, a mass vaccination programme was carried out in 2013 with co-financing by the EU. Programme implementation, Data collection and presentation are in acordance with all the EU requirements.

Footnote:

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Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis - data on animals - Community co-financed eradication programmes

Comments:1) N.A.

Total number ofanimals

Number ofanimals to be

tested under theprogramme



individually

Number ofpositive animals

Indicators

% coverage atanimal level

% positiveanimals - animal

prevalenceRegion

Slaughtering

Number ofanimals with

positive resultslaughtered or

culled

Total number ofanimals

slaughtered

4583015 4583015 106252 99551 234 185 185 2.32 .22Ελλαδα

4583015 4583015 106252 99551 234 185 185 2.32 .22Total :1)

4306136 4306136 30026 30026 387 329 335 .7 1.29Total - 1


The ovine and caprine B, Melitansis eradication programme covers only the islands of Greece. For The remaining country regions , the mainland, a mass vaccination programme was carried out in 2013 with co-financing by the EU. Programme implementation, Data collection and presentation are in acordance with all the EU requirements.

Footnote:

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Table Bovine brucellosis in countries and regions that do not receive Community co-financing for eradication programme

Comments:1) herds under the programme2) N.A.

Animals Number ofherds % Number of

herds

Number ofanimalstested

Number ofinfectedherds

Region

%

Number ofbovineherdstested

Number ofbovineherdstested

Number ofnotified

abortionswhatever

cause

Number ofisolationsof Brucellainfection

Number ofanimals or

poolstested

Number ofinfectedherds

Herds

Examination of bulk milk Information about Epidemiological investigationSerological tests

Total number ofexisting bovine

Number ofabortions

due toBrucellaabortus

Number ofanimals

tested withserologicalblood tests

Number ofsuspended

herds

Number ofanimals

examinedmicrobiologically

Number ofanimalspositivemicrobiologically

Serologically BST

Officially free herds Infected herdsInvestigations of suspect casesSurveillance

Number of positiveanimals

19572 379466 7287 37.23 281 1.44 5043 92311 1464 5328Ελλαδα1)

19572 379466 7287 37.23 281 1.44 5043 92311 0 0 1464 0 0 0 0 0 5328 0 0 0 0Total :2)


During 2013, regarding blood samples: 97702 samples were tested with Rose bengal and 4139 were positive, 4567 samples were tested with CFT and 3559 were positive and 454 samples were tested with i-elisa and424 were positive .Regarding testing in milk, during 2013 1464 samples were tested and 36 were positive.

Footnote:

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Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis - data on status of herds at the end of the period - Community co-financed eradication programmes

Comments:1) N.A.

Animals Herds Animals Herds

Not free or not officially free

Animals HerdsRegion

Total number of herds andanimals under the

programme

Animals Herds Animals Herds AnimalsHerds AnimalsHerds

Unknown Free Officially freeFree or officially freesuspended Free Officially free

Last check positive Last check negative

Status of herds and animals under the programme

27827 4583015 26689 4376260 37 16523 565 96361 134 19118 402 74753Ελλαδα

27827 4583015 26689 4376260 37 16523 565 96361 134 19118 0 0 402 74753Total :1)

28155 4306136 19231 3603942 44 16887 1968 181065 6692 460016 220Total - 1


The observed increase in the number of herds of unknown health status is due essentially to the fact that we are now very strict about the time that a herd can remain as officially free suspended.This resulted in a largenumber of herds, previously classified as officially free suspended, to be classified as herds of unknown health status.

Footnote:


2.7 YERSINIOSIS


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: YersiniosisAFFECTED SPECIES: Animals and Food

No Data were available at central authority level for animal and Food in 2011

A. Yersinia enterocolitica general evaluation

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2.7.2 Yersiniosis in humans


Twenty two (22) cases of Human Yersiniosis were reported in total. The predominant causal agent wasY. enterocolitica ( 21 cases).

Humans: Data 2006Y. enterocolitica : 22 cases ( incidence: 0,2 per 100.000 inhabitants), Unknown : 1 case

A. Yersinosis in humans

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2.8 TRICHINELLOSIS


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: Trichinellosis , Trichinella spp.AFFECTED SPECIES: Animals

Susceptible populationAll domestic farmed and wild swine eligible for slaughter.

Surveillance systemCompulsory examination for detection of Trichinellosis at Slaughterhouse level.

Method usedTwo main diagnostic methods for Trichinella spp in fresh pork meat are used. The first comprises thedigestion in artificial gastric juice of muscle tissues from Trichinella pre- determined sites, followed by themicroscopic examination of parasitic larvae. The second commonly used in the past covers theexamination of tissues from diaphragm in the trichinoscope. New Community legislation (CommissionRegulation 2075/2005) which has been adopted by the EU describes diagnostics techniques andsampling methods for target species ( swine ) expected to be fully implemented on mandatory basis by thenational monitoring Trichinella systems in all Member- States.

Epidemiological history

13 positive findings (Trichinella spp. Unspecified) were reported at slaughterhouse level under the meatinspections activities in 2011. The positive samples derived from meat of wild farmed boars raised inNorthern Greece. The positive units were sent to Community Reference Laboratory for further diagnosticsand parasitic identification.During the reporting year 2011, 1.217.530 pigs were tested for trichinella spp at slaughterhouse level.The targeted animals were examined by the new official reference method of Trichinella detection asforseen and described in the Annex 1 of the Commission Regulation 2075/2005 (Magnetic stirrer methodfor pooled sample digestion).

Results of monitoring13 positive wild farmed boars were found in the framework of zoonosis monitoring. The causative agentwas Trichinella spp- unspecified.

Data are presented in the relevant table of EFSA web based electronic system for zoonoses monitoring.

A. Trichinellosis general evaluation

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2.8.2 Trichinellosis in humans

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: TrichinellosisAFFECTED SPECIES: Human

Results of the investigations in the year 2006No cases of human trichinellosis were reported during the year 2006.

A. Trichinellosis in humans

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2.8.3 Trichinella in animals

Table Trichinella in animals

slaughterhouse Census Official

sampling

animalsample >

organ/tissueAnimal 1017380 0

Pigs - fattening pigs - raised under controlledhousing conditions - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance


sampling

animalsample >

organ/tissueAnimal 6311 0

Pigs - fattening pigs - not raised under controlledhousing conditions - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance


sampling

animalsample >

organ/tissueAnimal 21013 0Pigs - breeding animals


sampling

animalsample >

organ/tissueAnimal 2096 1 1Wild boars - farmed - Surveillance


sampling

animalsample >

organ/tissueAnimal 4 0Wild boars - wild - Surveillance


sampling

animalsample >

organ/tissueAnimal 4 0All animals - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance (other

animal species)



Total unitspositive forTrichinella

T. spiralisTrichinella

spp.,unspecified


2.9 ECHINOCOCCOSIS


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: EchinococcosisAFFECTED SPECIES: Susceptible Animals: Cattle, sheep, Goats, Pigs.

Susceptible populationAll animals eligible for slaughter at country level.

Surveillance systemInspection of all carcasses at slaughterhouse level.Preventive treatment of all domestic and farm dogs with antiparasitic tablets.

Method usedFor farmed animals , meat inspection of carcasses at slaughterhouses. Fordogs the arecolin test applied in the past.

Epidemiological historyThe infection among the owned dogs has been almost disappeared due to systematic preventivetreatment of animals with antiparasitic medication. The infection rate in stray dogs is difficult to beestimated. The overall infection in farmed animals remained stable compared to previous reporting years.

Results of 2011 zoonoses monitoring

Animal species Prevelance (%) at slaughterhouse levelSheep1,23%Goats0,39%Bovine0,71%Pigs 0%Results of 2009 zoonoses monitoring

Animal species Prevelance (%) at slaughterhouse levelSheep1,85Goats0,46Bovines1.01Pigs 0,00

Data analysis are presented in the relevant tables of EFSA web based electronic system for zoonosesmonitoring.

Source of human infectionMainly through the consumption of contaminated raw foodstuffs (i.e vegetables).

A. Echinococcus spp. general evaluation

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2.9.2 Echinococcosis in humans


DISEASE/AGENT: EchinococcosisAFFECTED SPECIES: Human

Surveillance systemClinical cases referred to the competent authority.Mandatory Notification of the disease within week (reporting time period following diagnosis).

Method usedX-ray, echo and serological tests.

Epidemiological historyA slight decrease in the number of clinical cases for the year 1999 comparing to the year 1998 wasnoticed. 99 autochthon cases and 6 imported were notified for the year 1999. For the 2000 ,2001, 2002,2003 and 2004 years, 20,37,5,17 and 17 human cases were reported respectively.

Results of the investigations in the year 2006Six (6) human cases ( 1 male and 6 females) were reported to the competent authorities of the Ministry ofHealth for the year 2006.

Source of human infectionMainly consumption of infected food (i.e vegetables) and animal contact in conjunction with poor sanitaryand hygiene conditions in rural areas.

A. Echinococcus spp. in humans

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2.9.3 Echinococcus in animals

Table Echinococcus in animals


samplinganimalsample Animal Ελλαδα 60065 1451Cattle (bovine animals) - Slaughterhouse -

Surveillance


samplinganimalsample Animal Ελλαδα 874590 4780Sheep - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance


samplinganimalsample Animal Ελλαδα 287921 381Goats - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance


samplinganimalsample Animal Ελλαδα 466347 0Pigs - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance


Samplingstrategy Sampler Sample type Sample origin Sampling unit Region Units tested


EchinococcusE. granulosus E.

multilocularis

1451Cattle (bovine animals) - Slaughterhouse -Surveillance

4780Sheep - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

381Goats - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

Pigs - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

Echinococcusspp.,

unspecified


2.10 TOXOPLASMOSIS


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: ToxoplasmosisAFFECTED SPECIES: AnimalsIn 2011, 363 blood sera samples were sent to the appropriate laboratory (181 goats and 182 sheep) in theframe of investigating abortions. The tests were not performed due to lack of reagents and therefore onlysuspected toxoplasmosis can be based on the clinical picture.

Toxoplasma gondii is detected in Sheep and Goats tested under national Surveys. The laboratorymethods used for 2011 was the IFAT ( Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody test ) for detectingToxoplasma antibodies in blood sera and microscopic examination of the brain of aborted fetuses. Thesampling schemes were not random or representative, originated from sheep and goats flocks withreported abortions under clinical investigation practices.Results of 2011 monitoringData are available in the relevant tables of EFSA web based electronic system for zoonoses monitoring.There are no available data on toxoplasmosis for 2011.

A. Toxoplasmosis general evaluation

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2.10.2 Toxoplasmosis in humans

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: ToxoplasmosisAFFECTED SPECIES: Human

No human cases of Congenital toxoplasmosis were reported in 2006.

A. Toxoplasmosis in humans

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2.11 RABIES


History of the disease and/or infection in the countrySince 1987 Greece is free from rabbies. A monitoring programme was is place according to Directive2003/99.This programme included testing of the brain of dead wild and domestic animals. Since beginning of 2012the above mentioned programme was intensified because of current epidemiological situation of rabbies inneigbouring Balkanian countries.Since 19 October 2012 Greece is not a free rabbies country because atthat date isolated the first (since 1987) positive rabbies result in a red fox in the area of Kozani.Since then and until now 48 positive cases have been detected (2 sepherd dogs, 3 dogs, 1 cat , 2 bovineanimals and 40 red foxes).

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: RabiesAFFECTED SPECIES: Animals

Surveillance systemMonitoring activities covering the whole country are in force.

Vaccination policyDog vaccination is highly recommended and applied at National level.

Epidemiological historyNo cases of human or animal rabies were reported. Greece is a Rabies- free country.The disease in humans is notifiable through mandatory system.. Last case in humans was recorded in1970. In animals 2 cases (a fox/1974 and a domestic dog /1987) were additionally reported. Rabiesvaccine included into the standard vaccination protocols for dogs and cats respectively. However, thedisease is present in neighbouring countries. Although rabies is a very rare disease in the EU, a risk of re-emerge does exist, especially through the cross- border movements of potentially rabid animals.

The disease is notifiable following a clinical suspicion in all-animal species. In the framework of Nationalsporadic surveys, samples, especially brain from dead targeted animals and wildlife species are submittedto the National Reference laboratory ( Athens – Greece) for further rabies diagnostic examinations.

Results of 2010 zoonoses monitoringData are presented in the relevant tables of EFSA web based electronic system for zoonoses monitoring.

A. Rabies general evaluation

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2.11.2 Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals

Vaccination policyAll dogs over three months of age are mandatory vaccinated against rabies.

A. Rabies in dogs

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Table Rabies in animals

NRL Suspectsampling

Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Θεσσαλία 8 2 2 0Cattle (bovine animals)

1)

NRL Selectivesampling

Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 7 0 0 0Sheep

2)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 4 0 0 0Goats

3)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 1 0 0 0Pigs

4)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 109 1 1 0Dogs - stray dogs

5)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 9 0 0 0Badgers - wild - Surveillance (Samples collected in

the framework of passive surveillance)

6)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 10 0 0 0Bats - Surveillance (Animals collected in the

framework of passive surveillance for rabies)

7)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 61 1 1 0Cats - Surveillance (passive surveillance)

8)

NRL Suspectsampling

Officialsampling

animalsample Domestic Animal Ελλαδα 16 2 2 0Cattle (bovine animals) - Farm - Surveillance

9)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Βορεια

Ελλαδα 8 0 0 0Cattle (bovine animals) - Farm - Surveillance(samples taken in the framework of passivesurveillance)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 3 0 0 0Deer - Natural habitat - Monitoring - passive

10)



Total unitspositive forLyssavirus

(rabies)

Rabies virus(RABV) EBLV-1

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Officialsampling

animalsample Domestic Animal Ελλαδα 5 0 0 0

Foxes - wild - Monitoring - active (Samples collectedin the framwork of the evaluation of the effecivenessof the oral vaccination of wild animals in Greece)

11)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 314 25 25 0Foxes - wild - Surveillance (Foxes collected in the


12)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 2 0 0 0

Jackals - wild - Surveillance (Samples collected inthe framework of passive surveillance for rabies inthe country)

13)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 15 0 0 0Marten (Samples collected in the framework of

passive surveillance)

14)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainUnknown Animal Ελλαδα 1 0 0 0

Monkeys - zoo animal - Surveillance (Animalsampled in the framework of passive surveillance forrabies)

15)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 1 0 0 0Rabbits - wild - Surveillance (Animal sample in the


16)


HACCP andown checks

animalsample >


Rats - laboratory animal (Tha laboratory rats weretested for rabies following their efthanasia in theframework of the annual check of the lab)

17)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 1 0 0 0Solipeds, domestic - horses - Surveillance (Animal

dead following suspect clinical signs )

18)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 1 0 0 0Squirrels - wild - Surveillance (Sample collected in

the framework of passive surveillance)

19)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 1 0 0 0Weasel - Surveillance (Sample collected in the

framework of passive surveillance)

20)




(rabies)


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Officialsampling

animalsample >


Wild boars - wild - Surveillance (SAMPLESCOLLECTED ON THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVESURVEIILANCE)

21)


Officialsampling

animalsample >


Wild cat (Felis silvestris) - wild - Surveillance(Samples collected in the framework of passivesurveillance for rabies)

22)


Officialsampling

animalsample >

brainDomestic Animal Ελλαδα 9 0 0 0Wolves - Surveillance (Samples collected in the

framework of passive surveillance)

23)




(rabies)


0 0Cattle (bovine animals)1)

0 0Sheep2)

0 0Goats3)

0 0Pigs4)

0 0Dogs - stray dogs5)

0 0Badgers - wild - Surveillance (Samples collected inthe framework of passive surveillance)

6)

0 0Bats - Surveillance (Animals collected in theframework of passive surveillance for rabies)

7)

0 0Cats - Surveillance (passive surveillance)8)

0 0Cattle (bovine animals) - Farm - Surveillance9)

EBLV-2Lyssavirus

(unspecifiedvirus)

200

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0 0Cattle (bovine animals) - Farm - Surveillance(samples taken in the framework of passivesurveillance)

0 0Deer - Natural habitat - Monitoring - passive10)

0 0

Foxes - wild - Monitoring - active (Samples collectedin the framwork of the evaluation of the effecivenessof the oral vaccination of wild animals in Greece)

11)

0 0Foxes - wild - Surveillance (Foxes collected in theframework of passive surveillance for rabies)

12)

0 0Jackals - wild - Surveillance (Samples collected inthe framework of passive surveillance for rabies inthe country)

13)

0 0Marten (Samples collected in the framework ofpassive surveillance)

14)

0 0Monkeys - zoo animal - Surveillance (Animalsampled in the framework of passive surveillance forrabies)

15)

0 0Rabbits - wild - Surveillance (Animal sample in theframework of passive surveillance for rabies)

16)

0 0Rats - laboratory animal (Tha laboratory rats weretested for rabies following their efthanasia in theframework of the annual check of the lab)

17)

0 0Solipeds, domestic - horses - Surveillance (Animaldead following suspect clinical signs )

18)

0 0Squirrels - wild - Surveillance (Sample collected inthe framework of passive surveillance)

19)

EBLV-2Lyssavirus

(unspecifiedvirus)

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Comments:1) herd with animals with clinical signs of rabies2) Animals found dead or with suspicion for rabies, in the framework of passive surveillance3) Animals found dead or with suspect symptoms, in the framework of passive surveiilance4) Animals sampled in the frameworkk of passive surveiilance for rabies5) Animals with clinical signs suspect for rabies/which attacked to people or other animals / found dead collected in the frame of passive surveillance for

rabies / Stray or not stray6) ANIMALS FOUND DEAD OR WITH SUSPECT CLINICAL SIGNS-PASSIVE SURVEIILANCE7) ANIMALS FOUND DEAD OR INJURED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE8) ANIMALS FOUND DEAD OR WITH CLINICAL SIGNS9) Bovine animals tested in total in the country. 8 of them belonged in a herd with 2 confirmed rabies cases

0 0Weasel - Surveillance (Sample collected in theframework of passive surveillance)

20)

0 0Wild boars - wild - Surveillance (SAMPLESCOLLECTED ON THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVESURVEIILANCE)

21)

0 0Wild cat (Felis silvestris) - wild - Surveillance(Samples collected in the framework of passivesurveillance for rabies)

22)

0 0Wolves - Surveillance (Samples collected in theframework of passive surveillance)

23)

EBLV-2Lyssavirus

(unspecifiedvirus)

202

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Comments:10) ONE ANIMAL BITTEN BY DOGS, THE OTHER ONE WAS KILLED BY ANIMALS11) Animal samples (blood and heads) collected from red foxes in the framework of monitoring following oral vaccination of wild animals for rabies.12) ANIMAL SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE FOR RABIES. WITH CLINICAL SIGNS, FOUND DEAD13) ANIMALS FOUND DEAD, PASSIVE SURVEIILANCE14) ANIMALS FOUND DEAD OR INJURED, PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE15) ANIMAL COLLECTED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE16) ANIMAL FOUND DEAD - COLLECTED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE17) ANIMALS SAMPLED IN THE FRAME OF THE ANNUAL CHECKS OF THE INSTITUTION18) ANIMAL SAMPLED COLLECTED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE19) ANIMAL SAMPLED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE20) ANIMAL SAMPLES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE21) ANIMALS SAMPLED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE22) ANIMALS COLLECTED FOR THE PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM23) ANIMAL SAMPLED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE


2.12 STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION


2.13 Q-FEVER


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in animalsAFFECTED SPECIES: Animals/ sheep and goats mainly

Surveillance systemThere is no official National monitoring program in place. Sporadic blood (sera) samples are officiallycollected and examined following notification of abortion at farm level, especially from sheep and goats.

Results of monitoring

In 2010 , 306 sampling units ( animals : Cattle n= 11, sheep n =181, goats n=114 ) were tested forCoxiella burnetii and 56 found positive.Data are presented in the relevant table of EFSA web based electronic system for 2010 zoonosesmonitoring

In 2009 , 66 units ( animals ) were tested for Coxiella burnetii and 13 found positive.Data are presented in the relevant table of EFSA web based electronic system for 2009 zoonosesmonitoring

Epidemiological historyDuring the period 2001-2006 Coxiella burnettii was detected in 68 small ruminant flocks and 1 bovine herd(Table 1). Animal infection rate in affected flocks ranged from 2.1 % to 31.5%. Findings, along withpreviously conducted studies indicate the existence of the disease in animals. However, no data foranimals or foods exist on a systematic basis.

Table 1.: Q fever in small ruminants, 2000-2006.

Year 20012002 2003 2004 2005 2006Number of infected flocks28 17 1 8 7 7Source: MRDF

A. Coxiella burnetii (Q-fever) general evaluation

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2.13.2 Coxiella (Q-fever) in animals

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in animalsAFFECTED SPECIES: Animals/ sheep and goats mainly

Surveillance systemThere is no official / National program in place. Sporadic blood (sera) samples are collected andexamined following notification of abortion at farm level , especially from sheep and goats.

Results of monitoringData are presented in the relevant table of 2008 EFSA web based electronic system for zoonosesmonitoring

Epidemiological historyDuring the period 2001-2006 Coxiella burnettii was detected in 68 small ruminant flocks and 1 bovine herd(Table 1). Animal infection rate in affected flocks ranged from 2.1 % to 31.5%. Findings, along withpreviously conducted studies (7), indicate the existence of the disease in animals. However, no data foranimals or foods exist on a systematic basis.

Table 1. Q fever in small ruminants, 2000-2006.Number of infected flocks:Year20012002200320042005200628171877Source: MRDF ( Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and Food)

A. C. burnetii in animal - Sheep and goats - at farm - Clinical investigations - suspectsampling

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2.14 WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTIONS


Recent actions taken to control the zoonosesAs of 2010 a surveillance programme is in place in Greece for WNF involving regular testing of sentinelhorses , dispersed throughout the country, testing of all clinically suspect equidae, and examination ofsamples from wild birds

A. West Nile Virus general evaluation

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2.14.2 West Nile Virus in animals

Table West Nile Virus in Animals

Comments:1) Strategically placed sentinel horses, sampled 3 times during the period mid-May to mid-October ,Regarding analytical methods used:ID VET SCREEN

COMPETITION ELISA . Positives tested with POURQUIER IgM or ID VET IgM CAPTURE ELISA for distinction of recent antibodies2) Examination of all susceptible animals reported with suspect clinical signs anywhere in the country , throughout the year. Regarding analytical methods

usedID VET SCREEN COMPETITION ELISA . Positives tested with POURQUIER IgM or ID VET IgM CAPTURE ELISA for distinction of recentantibodies:

LocalVeterinaryServices &

Virology Deptof the Athens

Center ofveterinaryInstitutions

Census Officialsampling

animalsample >

bloodno ELISA Animal Ελλαδα 1622 16Solipeds, domestic - horses - Farm - Monitoring -

active

1)

LocalVeterinaryServices &

Virology Deptof the Athens

Center ofveterinaryInstitutions

Suspectsampling

Officialsampling

animalsample >

bloodno ELISA Animal Ελλαδα 2 2Solipeds, domestic - horses - Farm - Monitoring -

passive

2)


Samplingstrategy Sampler Sample type Sample origin Vaccination

statusAnalyticalMethod

Sampling unit Region Units tested

Total unitspositive forWest Nile

Virus

As of 2010 a surveillance programme is in place in Greece for WNF involving regular testing of sentinel horses , dispersed throughout the country, testing of all clinically suspect equidae, and examination of samplesfrom wild birds.

Footnote:

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Table West Nile Virus in AnimalsFor 2013:In 2013, a total number of 10 outbreaks were reported in solipeds.Testing of serum / blood samples is carried out using ELISA [ IDVET SCREEN COMPETITION for initial screening and then testing of positives with POURQUIER IgM or ID VET IgM CAPTURE to detect recent (IgM),antibodies and eventually confirm a recent infection ( = outbreak)].The programme, in 2013, involved the examination of a total number of 1622 samples. These samples are collected from sentinel (non vacccinated) horses placed in 38 differrent Regional Units throughout Greece, each animal subject to 3 samplings within the period 15 May -30 Sep. During the same year a total number of 140 were found positive for WNF antibodies using IDVET SCREEN COMPETITION (this may includeboth recent as well as perviously aquired anibodies) and 16 of those were found positive for IgM antibodies (recent infections-"true" cases). Clinical signs were reported in only 2 cases, which were both confirmed asrecent infections (IgM detection).


3. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCE

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3.1 ESCHERICHIA COLI, NON-PATHOGENIC



Additional informationResults of investigations in the year 2010Only targeted food samples ( n= 148) were tested for E.coli spp- non pathogenic in 2010 with negativeresults.

A. Escherichia coli general evaluation

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3.1.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic

Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Animals


2Gentamicin

16

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin


0.25Cefotaxime

0.5

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidime




256Sulfonamides

64

Sulfonamides

Sulfamethoxazole




Test Method Used

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Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Animals




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Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Feed


2Gentamicin

16

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin


0.25Cefotaxime

0.5

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidime




256Sulfonamides

64

Sulfonamides

Sulfamethoxazole





Test Method Used

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Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Feed

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Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Food


2Gentamicin

16

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin


0.25Cefotaxime

0.5

Cephalosporins

Ceftazidime




256Sulfonamides

64

Sulfonamides

Sulfamethoxazole





Test Method Used

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Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Food

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3.2 ENTEROCOCCUS, NON-PATHOGENIC


3.2.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, non-pathogenic isolates

Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis in Animals


32Gentamicin

512

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin


4Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin

4Glycopeptides (Cyclicpeptides, Polypeptides) Vancomycin


4Oxazolidines Linezolid




Test Method Used

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Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis in Animals




219

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Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis in Feed


32Gentamicin

512

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin










Test Method Used

220

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Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis in Food


32Gentamicin

512

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin










Test Method Used

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Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecium in Animals


32Gentamicin

128

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin







1Streptogramins Quinupristin/Dalfopristin




Test Method Used

222

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Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecium in Feed


32Gentamicin

128

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin











Test Method Used

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Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecium in Food


32Gentamicin

128

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin











Test Method Used


4. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS

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4.1 CRONOBACTER


4.2 HISTAMINE


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDISEASE/AGENT: Histamine in FoodSurveillance systemThere is no official monitoring program or systematic scheme applied for Histamine in food. Sporadicsamples from fish and fishery products are examined in the designated national veterinary laboratory inThessalonica- Grrece. Targeted fish species for testing and detecting Histamine are: Scrombridae,Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Coryfenidae, Pomatomidae and Scrombresosidae. Related Legislation:Community Regulation (EC): 1141/2007.

Results of monitoringData are presented in the relevant table of EFSA web based electronic system for 2009 zoonosesmonitoring.

A. Histamine General evaluation

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226

4.3 STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS



5. FOODBORNE

Foodborne outbreaks are incidences of two or more human cases of the same disease orinfection where the cases are linked or are probably linked to the same food source. Situation, inwhich the observed human cases exceed the expected number of cases and where a same foodsource is suspected, is also indicative of a foodborne outbreak.

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System in place for identification, epidemological investigations and reporting of foodborneoutbreaks

Foodborne outbreaks are included in the Mandatory Notification System of the Hellenic Centre forDiseases Control and Prevention (HCDCP).Once a food-borne outbreak is notified, the public health professionals conduct an epidemiologicalinvestigation in order to estimate the extent of the outbreak, identify the source and implement controlmeasures. Furthermore, the Public Health Directorate of the competent Prefecture, the National FoodAgency as well as the Ministry of Rural Development and Food are informed and conduct theenvironmental investigation, whenever it is needed.

Description of the types of outbreaks covered by the reporting:Any type of outbreak, either general or household, is reported through Mandatory Notification System.

National evaluation of the reported outbreaks in the country:Trends in numbers of outbreaks and numbers of human cases involved

The number of reported food-borne outbreaks has been quite stable since 2004. This finding should beinterpreted with caution due to the probable under-reporting.

Relevance of the different causative agents, food categories and the agent/food categorycombinations

Salmonella spp. was the predominant causative agent of the reported food-borne outbreaks in 2013. Thisis a finding consistent with previous years.

Relevance of the different type of places of food production and preparation in outbreaksEleven (47.8%) of the outbreaks were domestic (only one household involved).

Evaluation of the severity and clinical picture of the human casesWith regard to the severity of illness, 34 (6.1%) out of the 553 outbreak-related cases, were hospitalized.Finally, no outbreak-related deaths were reported in 2013.

Additional informationIt should be mentioned that the reporting date was used for the analysis of data.

A. Foodborne outbreaks

228Greece - 2013


1 6 4 0 0 1Salmonella - S.Typhimurium

1 6 1 0 0 1Salmonella - S.Enteritidis

8 38 16 0 0 8Salmonella - Otherserovars

0 0 0 0 0 0Campylobacter

0 0 0 0 0 0Listeria - Listeriamonocytogenes

0 0 0 0 0 0Listeria - OtherListeria

0 0 0 0 0 0Yersinia

0 0 0 0 0 0Escherichia coli,pathogenic -Verotoxigenic E. coli(VTEC)

0 0 0 0 0 0Bacillus - B. cereus

0 0 0 0 0 0Bacillus - OtherBacillus

0 0 0 0 0 0Staphylococcalenterotoxins

0 0 0 0 0 0Clostridium - Cl.botulinum

0 0 0 0 0 0Clostridium - Cl.perfringens

Weak evidence or no vehicle outbreaks

Num

ber o

f out

brea

ks

Hum

an c

ases

Hos

pita

lized

Dea

ths

Stro

ng e

vide

nce

Num

ber o

fO

utbr

eaks

Tota

l num

ber o

f out

brea

ks

Table Foodborne Outbreaks: summarised data

229Greece - 2013


0 0 0 0 0 0Clostridium - OtherClostridia

2 5 5 0 0 2Other Bacterial agents- Brucella

1 2 1 0 0 1Other Bacterial agents- Shigella

0 0 0 0 0 0Other Bacterial agents- Other Bacterialagents

0 0 0 0 0 0Parasites - Trichinella

0 0 0 0 0 0Parasites - Giardia

0 0 0 0 0 0Parasites -Cryptosporidium

0 0 0 0 0 0Parasites - Anisakis

0 0 0 0 0 0Parasites - OtherParasites

0 0 0 0 0 0Viruses - Norovirus

1 3 3 0 0 1Viruses - Hepatitisviruses

0 0 0 0 0 0Viruses - OtherViruses

0 0 0 0 0 0Other agents -Histamine

0 0 0 0 0 0Other agents - Marinebiotoxins

0 0 0 0 0 0Other agents - OtherAgents


Num

ber o

f out

brea

ks

Hum

an c

ases

Hos

pita

lized

Dea

ths

Stro

ng e

vide

nce

Num

ber o

fO

utbr

eaks

Tota

l num

ber o

f out

brea

ks

230Greece - 2013


8 443 4 0 2 10Unknown agent


Num

ber o

f out

brea

ks

Hum

an c

ases

Hos

pita

lized

Dea

ths

Stro

ng e

vide

nce

Num

ber o

fO

utbr

eaks

Tota

l num

ber o

f out

brea

ks

231Greece - 2013


Unknown

FBO Code

1Number of outbreaks

42Number of human cases

0Number of hospitalisations

0Number of deaths

Pig meat and products thereofFood vehicleMore food vehicleinformation

Analytical epidemiological evidenceNature of evidence

GeneralOutbreak type

Canteen or workplace cateringSetting

Canteen or workplace cateringPlace of origin of problem

DomesticOrigin of food vehicle

UnknownContributory factorsMixed Outbreaks (OtherAgent)Additional information

Value

Table Foodborne Outbreaks: detailed data for Unknown agentPlease use CTRL for multiple selection fields

232Greece - 2013


Unknown

FBO Code

1Number of outbreaks

8Number of human cases

0Number of hospitalisations

0Number of deaths

Sweets and chocolateFood vehicleMore food vehicleinformation

Analytical epidemiological evidenceNature of evidence

GeneralOutbreak type

School or kindergartenSetting

UnknownPlace of origin of problem

DomesticOrigin of food vehicle

UnknownContributory factorsMixed Outbreaks (OtherAgent)

This was a common source outbreak of gastroenteritis in a high school class. Stoolsamples were not collected due to the short duration of the symptoms. Aretrospective cohort study indicated a chocolate candy, that a student offered to hisclassmates for his birthday, as the vehicle of this outbreak (RR=3.38 95% CI. 0.93-12.21, p=0.03). The environmental investigation didn’t reveal in which stage of thefood chain the contamination might have been.

Additional information

Value

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