greek&roman sculpture

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History of Greek and Roman sculpture

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Page 1: Greek&roman sculpture

Presented by: Bruce Black Art.com

Page 2: Greek&roman sculpture

This is the culmination of years of study and practice that began back during the ancient Greek periods.

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A Brief Survey

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Mycenaean Civilization: 1900 – 1100 B.C.E. The Dark Ages: 1100 – 800 B.C.E.

Archaic Age: 800 – 479 B.C.E.

Hellenic (Classical) Age: 479 – 323 B.C.E.

Hellenistic Age: 323 B.C.E. – 31 B.C.E.

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Feudal Society Fortress-Palaces on Hilltops Skilled craftsmen, artists – ceramics,

metalwork (gold, bronze) Extensive trade, warfare in Eastern

Mediterranean Trojan War, ca. 1250 B.C.E.

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Dorian Invasions (Greeks) destroy Mycenaean Civilization

Writing System, skilled craftsmen, artisans disappear

Contact with other Eastern Mediterranean cultures very limited.

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Greek Culture begins to emerge Epic Poetry:

• Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey: ca. 800 B.C.E. Lyric Poetry:

• Sappho’s Poems: ca. 600 B.C.E. Architecture: The Doric Temple

• Temple of Hera at Paestum, ca. 560-550 B.C.E.• Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, 510 B.C.E.

Politics: • Cleisthenes est. democracy in Athens: 508

B.C.E.

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Kouros – nude male statues Kore – clothed female statues

• A new emphasis on the beauty of human body

• Seem to have depicted human heroes; • Seem to have been used as memorials• Early Kouros show strong Egyptian influence

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http://www.iub.edu/~c101/images/new-york-kouros.jpg

New York Kouros: ca. 615-590 B.C.E.New York Kouros: ca. 615-590 B.C.E.

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Photo: Keith Schengili-Roberts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image: Used by permission

Pharoah Menkaure and Chief Queen, ca. 2525Pharoah Menkaure and Chief Queen, ca. 2525 B.C.E. B.C.E.

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http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/greek_kore.jpg

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Peplos Kore, Archaic Period, Limestone, ca. 600 B.C.E.

http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/greek_kore.jpg

•Found on the Acropolis of Athens

•Egyptian pose modified; less rigid

•Missing left hand extended forward (not across chest)

•Right arm is bent forward slightly

•Hair is looser, less wig-like

•Clothing is not given much detail, but the shape of the body is more clearly depicted

•Archaic Smile/Facial Expression overall – more natural

•Made of marble

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Modern Attempt at recreating original painted version of the Peplos Kore, Archaic Period

Cambridge University, www.chu.cam.ac.uk

•Chiton – blue garment visible near ankles•Peplos – red garment worn over chiton•Meniskos – umbrella-like head covering

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http://www.iub.edu/~c101/images/anavyssos-kouros-color.jpg

Anavyssos Kouros: ca. 530 B.C.E.

Memorial to a young man named Kroisos who died in battle

Inscription on base of statue reads:“Stand and mourn for Kroisos now dead Whom wild Ares struck down at the battleline's head.”

Material: Parian marble

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Severe StyleHigh classical style

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Kritios Boy, Acropolis Museum in Athens, Marble, ca. 480 B.C.E.Classical/Severe Style

Photo: Marsyas, 2007 Wikipedia CommonsUsed by permission

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Kritios Boy, detail

Photo: Marsyas, 2007 Wikipedia CommonsUsed by permission

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• intended to convey nobility and dignity

• First phase of Greek classical sculpture

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• Contrapposto (counterpoise): a posture that places the body's weight on one leg and uses the other leg as a support.

• Trend toward greater naturalism Muscles/anatomy skillfully represented;

• Slight tilt of the head and contrapposto undermine frontality

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Attempted to represent motion

Attempted to represent ideal beauty

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Marble copy of bronze original by Polykleitos

Polykleitos – developed a canon of beauty based on proportional relationships among body parts.

Example: the ideal ratio head/body size is 1/7.

Opposite arms and legs balance each other

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Classical: Zeus Throwing a Lightning Bolt or Poseidon Throwinga Spear ca. 460 B.C.E. Bronze, 6’11” high

www.historyforkids.org

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Melodrama & Motion

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By [http://www.flickr.com/photos/antmoose/ antmoose] {{cc-by-2.0}} This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 License.

The Dying Gaul, ca. 230-220 B.C.E. Roman copy of bronze orig.

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Public Domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Laocoon02.jpg

Laocoon and His Sons Attacked by Serpents (Hellenistic) 175-150 B.C.E. marble perhaps original)

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Laocoon, Detail

Photo: Jastrow, 2003. PD: Selfhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Laocoon_Vatican_detail.jpg

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Winged Victory of Samothrace/Nike of Samothrace

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Marcus Aurelius, fragments of a bronze portrait, after 170 CE.

Photograph: Jastrow 2005. Used by permission.http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Marcus_Aurelius_frag_bronze.jpg

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Marcus Aurelius - bust in the Louvre, ParisSource: English Wikipedia, original upload 4 June 2004 by ChrisO

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Bust of Cato the Elder

Public domain image. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cato.jpeg

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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Musei_Capitolini-testa_bronzea_di_Costantino-antmoose.jpg Photo by Anthony Majanlahti, June 4, 2005.Used by permission

Bronze head of Constantine I, Musei Capitolini, Rome. 4th c. C.E.

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Head of the colossal marble statue of Constantine I, Musei Capitolini, Rome

Photographer: Markus Bernet Date: 07/10/2004 Used by permissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg

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Presented by: Bruce Black Art.com