green building rating tools in malaysia: market effects ... › downloads › 20160304-iusgbc2016...

10/03/2016

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Green Building Rating Tools in Malaysia:

Market Effects and ComparisonBy : Dr. Zalina Shari

Senior Lecturer

Faculty of Design and Architecture,

Universiti Putra Malaysia

+6012 2915780

5th March 2016"Solutions for Green Buildings”

Content

� Introduction

� Rating Tools in Malaysia

� Is there a clear differentiation of these tools?

� What can be the effect of coexisting local rating tools

on the industry players?

� Summary & Conclusion

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Introduction

Green Building Rating Tools

WHAT

� Mechanisms to assess

the environmental or

sustainability

performance of

buildings

� Means to determine

how well buildings

perform against

environmental/sustaina

bility criteria

WHO

� Implemented

voluntarily for building

owners, developers and

designers (Cole, 2005)

� Used by authorities as a

compulsory part of the

fulfilment of certain

requirements (Cole, 2005)

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WHY

� For research, consulting, marketing, decision-making and maintenance.

� To assess new and existing buildings.

� To assess individual building, group of buildings, developments, or neighbourhood.

Principal Rating ToolsUK 1990

USA 1998

Hong Kong 1996

GBTool 1998

SBTool 2006

Canada/International

Australia 2003

Canada 1993

USA

2004

Japan 2004

Australia

2005

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Additional

Norway 1999

Hong Kong 2001

Singapore 2005

Greenship

Indonesia 2010

Malaysia 2009India 2006

Green Building

Evaluation Standard China 2007

Sweden 2004

Intended Roles

ENVIRONMENTAL

� Alerting building owners and professionals to the importance of environmental issues in constructionand the benefits of environmentally conscious choices(Ding, 2008; Kaatz, Root & Bowen, 2005).

� Have the potential to reduce the negative environmental impact of buildings and the building sector in the short term (Aotake, et al., 2005)

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Intended Roles

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC

� Have the potential to create healthier and more productive places, and reduce building operation cost (Cole, 1996).

� Facilitate the integration of sustainability considerations in construction decision-making (Kaatz, et al., 2006).

� An educational medium that produces, transfer knowledge, and enhances communication between, and promotes collaboration among, building stakeholders (Bordass & Leaman, 2005).

ENHANCE QUALITY OF DECISION-MAKINGS

� Used as a design tool by:

� Setting sustainable design priorities and goals

� Developing appropriate sustainable design strategies

� Determining performance measures to guide the design and decision-makings (Kaatz, 2005).

� Used as a management tool to organize and structure environmental concerns during the construction and operation phases.

� Offer feedback to design and guidance for remedial work.

Intended Roles

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SUPPORT MARKET TRANSFORMATION

� A means to motivate building owners and developers to improve the performance of their buildings (Brochner, et al., 1999).

� A means for clients to demonstrate and communicate their strive for higher environmental standards to prospective tenants, investors and purchasers (Ding, 2008;).

Intended Roles

Green building markets and

positioning – US market.

Source: U.S. Green Building

Council (2006, p.8)


in Malaysia

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Building Scale Rating Tools in

Malaysia

GBI

� Green Building Index

� Launched in May 2009

� Developed by PAM

and ACEM

� Administered by

Greenbuildingindex SB

(GSB)

GreenRE� Green Real Estate

� Launched in March 2013

� Under the auspices of the Real Estate Housing Developers’ Association (REHDA)

� Using Green Mark Ver.2 as a template –modified to suit the local context

Industry

Initiatives


Malaysia

pH JKR

� Penarafan Hijau JKR

� Launched in May 2012

� Developed by the

Public Works Dept. (JKR)

Melaka

Green Seal� Meterai Hijau Melaka

� Developed by Melaka Green Development Organisation (MGDO) with Melaka Green Technology Council since 2012

� First used in Jan 2015

� As an interim tool for Melaka and embedded in local council regulatory.

Government

Initiatives

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Malaysia

MyCREST� Malaysian Carbon

Reduction and Environmental Sustainability Tool

� Will be launched in May 2016.

� Developed by CIDB and Public Works Dept. (JKR).

� Combination of GreenPASS and ph JKR.

CASBEE Building

� Comprehensive

Assessment System for Built

Environment Efficiency

� Developed by Japan SB

Consortium). Modified to

suit local context.

� Will be managed by

Iskandar Regional

Development Authority

(IRDA).

Government

Initiatives

Foreign Tools

Urban Scale Rating Tools in

Malaysia

GBI Township GreenRE Township

CASBEE-CITY for

Iskandar Malaysia

Government

Initiatives

Industry

Initiatives

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Is there a clear

differentiation of these

tools?Competition between rating tools can send mixed

messages that can confuse rather than clarify the

understanding and responses to environmental

issues, particularly if clients are uncertain about

which tool to choose (Cole, 2006).

Roles

Project

Type

GBI GreenRE pH JKR MyCREST Green Seal CASBEE

Building

Public

buildings

Voluntary Voluntary Mandatory

for JKR’s

projects

<RM50mil

Mandatory

for JKR’s

projects

>RM50mil

Voluntary in

Melaka until

2018

Mandatory

in MWSV

and HTJGC

Voluntary

in Iskandar

Malaysia

Private

buildings

Voluntary Voluntary Voluntary Voluntary Voluntary in

Melaka until

2018

Mandatory

in MWSV

and HTJGC

Voluntary

in Iskandar

Malaysia

For private building projects, choosing one rating tool is difficult

because the roles of these tools are not clearly differentiated.

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General Features

GB

I

pH

JK

R

Gre

en

RE

Gre

en

Se

al

My

CR

EST

Target

Building

Groups

Residential buildings • • • •

Non-residential buildings • • • • •

New buildings • • • • •

Existing buildings • • • •

Mode of

Assessment

Criteria checklist • • • • •

Carbon calculator P •

P = Partially applicable

Phase of Assessment &

Certification

Phase GBI pH JKR GreenRE Green Seal MyCREST

Design Assessment

&

Provisional

Certification

Assessment

only

Assessment

only

Assessment

only

Provisional

Design

Certification

Construction Verification Site

Verification

2 inspections Design &

Construction

Certification

(50%, 50%)

Operation Verification

&

Final

Certification

Verification

&

Certification

Certification Certification +

O&M

Certification

(100%)

+

Carbon-

reduced

Label

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Assessment Objectivity

Objective criteria make assessment easier and straightforward, eliminating

possible subjective judgement due to different assessors.


Subjective Objective

Spaces designed with good ambient sound levels

OR To reduce noise pollution between spaces

Space noise does not exceed

40dBAeq.

Good access to nearest bus stops Locate building within 500m of at

least one bus stop

Restoration of trees on site, conserving or

relocating of existing trees

Preserve more than 80% of trees with

diameter larger than 28cm

Building quality is assessed under QLASSIC Building quality is assessed under

QLASSIC

GBI Green

RE

pH

JKR

Green

Seal

MyCR

EST

Assessment

Objectivity

Objective judgement • • • • •

Subjective judgement P P P P •

Nature of AssessmentGBI Green

RE

pH

JKR

Green

Seal

MyCR

EST

Nature of

Assessment

Prescriptive-based • • •

Performance-based • • • • •

Prescriptive criteria dictate how and what should be assessed

Performance-based criteria – only specify the objective to be achieved i.e. allow

for any design solution


Example Performance-based

(the ‘end’)

Prescriptive-based

(the ‘means’)

To minimize energy

loss

OTTV Type of insulation, orientation, type of

glass

To optimize

daylighting

Daylight factor Floor plan depth, space planning,

ceiling height, light shelves

To have effective

nat. ventilation

Air change rate Plan shape, orientation, operable

windows, roof design, space layout

To reduce water

consumption

Water Use Index OR

Annual consumption

Water-efficient fittings

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Environmental ScopeCriteria

Tools: Non-Residential, Design, latest version

GBI

2009

pH JKR

2012

GreenRE

2013

Green Seal

2015

MyCREST

2016

Resource Consumption

• Land/Site selection – brownfield, urban• • •

• Operational energy • • • • •

• Embodied energy •

• Potable water • • • • •

• Materials – recycle, reuse, sustainable • • • •

• Materials - regional • • • •

• Materials – reuse structure/facade • •

Environmental Loadings

• Atmospheric emissionsP • P •

• Solid waste – management, storage • • • •

• Liquid waste – wastewater, stormwater • • • •

• Impact on site – water bodies, soil, flora

& fauna• P • •

• Other impacts – light pollution,

adjacent properties, heat island effectP P P P

P = Partial

Non-Environmental Scope

Criteria


GBI

2009

pH JKR

2012

GreenRE

2013

Green Seal

2015

MyCREST

2016

Transportation Issue

• Bicycle facilities – storage, paths,

lanes• • •

• Green vehicle parking, parking

capacity• P P P P

• Public transportation access • • •

Project/construction management,

commissioning, maintenance plan• • P • •

Innovation • • • •

Quality of workmanship& products • • •

IEQ / Human-health & Wellbeing

• Air, thermal, visual quality• • • • •

• Noise & acoustics • • • • •

• Controllability of systems • • •

P = Partial

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Non-Environmental Scope

Criteria


GBI

2009

pH JKR

2012

GreenRE

2013

Green

Seal

2015

MyCREST

2016

Urban design – Development density, mixed

use, urban connectivity• •

Safety & Security

• Building users•

• Construction workers •

Social, Cultural, Heritage & Perceptual

Aspects

• Workforce facilities ••

• Access for disable persons • •

• Compatibility to cultural values •

• Maintenance of heritage values •

• Facilities for users with children

• Local labour, consultants & contractors

Economic Aspects – Green budget, life-

cycle costing, efficiency, flexibility P

P = Partial

Communication

Criteria


GBI

2009

pH JKR

2012

GreenRE

2013

Green Seal

2015

MyCREST

2016

Written at building level

• Building maintenance manual or

informationO O O M O

• Energy/green policies M O

Spoken at building level

• Awareness and education programs

for occupantsO

• Awareness and education programs

for construction staff

Spoken at site level

• Design charrette,

Integrated/collaborative designO

Spoken at community level

• Community outreach and

engagement

Does the rating tool value citizen participation, coordination and local

communication?

O = Optional

M = Mandatory

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MyCRESTMost Complete & Comprehensive

� MyCREST aims at:

“quantifying, reducing built environment’s impact in

terms of carbon emissions and environmental implication

while taking into account a more holistic life cycle view

of the built environment while integrating socio-

economic considerations relating to the built

environment and urban development”

� The implication, it would seem, is that MyCREST is

being positioned to fill in some of the gaps not fully

addressed by earlier tools.

Weighting of CategoriesCategories


GBI

2009

pH JKR

2012

GreenRE

2013

Green Seal

2015

MyCREST

2016

Innovation, integration, project

management, and design process

7.8% 1.2% 6.9% - 11.1%

Transportation, linkages, and

neighbourhood fabric

7.8% 1.2% 3.4% - 4.9%

Sites 11.8% 15.3% 10.3% 14.8% 16%

Water 9.8% 8.2% 13.8% 11.1% 6.2%

Energy 15.7% 30.6% 38% 25.9% 37%

Building materials and waste management 11.8% 10.6% 3.4% 3.7% 13.6%

Indoor environmental quality 29.4% 27% 17.2% 29.6% 6.2%

Education, maintenance, and

communication

3.9%

(6.8%)

(EB)

4.7%

(9.8%)

(EB)

-

(10%)

(EB)

11.1%

-

-

(47.5%)

(O&M)

Emissions and global impact 2% 6.9% 3.7% 32.1*

Social and economic impact - 1.2% - - 4.9%

Total no. of CRITERIA 51 85 29 25 81

% = percentage of a total number of criteria & sub-criteria (optional, mandatory, A/C &

Non-A/C criteria), regardless of the number of points assigned to each.

(..) = No of criteria in Operation & Maintenance or Existing Building Rating Tool

* % of Carbon Reduction criteria that are used in carbon calculator

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Weighting of CategoriesCategories

Tools: Non-Residential, NB/Design, latest

version

GBI

2009

pH JKR

2012

GreenRE

2013

Green Seal

2015

MyCREST

2016



9% 3.8% 8.2% - 12.3%



5% 0.8% 2.2% 2.5% 4.1%

Sites 8% 15.4% 10.4% 20% 19.2%

Water 10% 10% 8.2% 10% 6.8%

Energy 32% 34.6% 58% 32.5% 27.4%

Building materials and waste management 9% 7.7% 4.4% 2.5% 12.9%

Indoor environmental quality 21% 23.1% 5.5% 17.5% 3.9%


communication

4%

(6%)

(EB)

3.8%

(7.2%)

(EB)

-

(3.3%)

(EB)

10%

-

-

(61.3%)

O&M

Emissions and global impact 2% 3.3% 5% (32.5%)*

Social and economic impact - 0.8% - - 3.2%

Total no. of max. POINTS 100 130 183 40 154**

% = percentage of points assigned to each (optional, mandatory, A/C & Non-A/C criteria).

(..) = No of points in Operation & Maintenance or Existing Building Rating Tool

* Percentage of points for Carbon Reduction criteria that are used in carbon calculator

** Including bonus points and pre-requisites

1st-4th Priority Categories

Criteria


GBI

2009

pH JKR

2012

GreenRE

2013

Green Seal

2015

MyCREST

2016



4 3 4



Sites 2 2 2 2

Water 3 3 3 4

Energy 1 1 1 1 1

Building materials and waste

management

4 4 3

Indoor environmental quality 2 4 3


communication

4

Emissions and global impact 1

Social and economic impact

How do these rating tools prioritize or weight categories?

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Stages of Building Life Cycle

Assessed

Do these rating tools assess the whole stages of a building life cycle?

LC Stages GBI

2009

pH JKR

2012

GreenRE

2013

Green Seal

2015

MyCREST

2016

Planning/ Pre-

Design

P P •

Design • • • • •

Construction • • • • •

Commissioning,

Operation,

Maintenance &

Management

• • • • •

Demolition •


Mandatory Criteria

Non-Residential Residential

GBI None but will introduce EE 1 OTTV and Roof U-Value as a pre-

requisite

pH JKR 7 out of 85 criteria N/A

GreenRE For Gold and Platinum ratings

only:

4 out of 29 criteria 4 out of 29 criteria

Green Seal Covering all categories:

20 out of 40 criteria

Covering all categories:

15 out of 31 criteria

MyCREST Covering almost all categories:

Design: 12 out of 81 criteria

Construction: 6 out of 49 criteria

O&M: 2 out of 61 criteria

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Passive Design

Non-Residential Residential

GBI 22 / 100 (22%) 27 / 100 points (27%)

pH JKR 42 / 130 (32%) N/A

GreenRE 78 / 183 (43%) 59 / 154 (38%)

Green Seal 8 / 40 (20%) 8 / 31 (26%)

MyCREST Design: 45 / 154 (29%)

Percentage of points awarded for passive design (new

construction, including pre-requisites)

E.g. of passive criteria:

• OTTV & RTTV, wall and roof materials, orientation, etc.

• Daylighting strategies

• Greenery

• Natural ventilation, min. IAQ

• BEI – for passive and active

What can be the effect of

coexisting local rating tools on

the industry players?Will the coexistence of tools enhance green

building practices or rather confuse the market?

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� Still too early to ascertain the long-term outcome of

their coexistence

� Given that tools operate as voluntary mechanisms,

competition between coexisting tools can potentially

offer a powerful driver for excellence and ease of use.

GBI pH JKR GreenRE Green Seal MyCREST CASBEE

Building

2009

7 years

2012

4 years

2013

3 years

2015

1 year

2016

New New

Voluntary Voluntary for

private

buildings

Mandatory for

JKR’s buildings

Voluntary Voluntary in

Melaka until 2018

Mandatory in

MWSV and Hang

Tuah Jaya Green

City

Voluntary for

private

buildings

Mandatory for

JKR’s buildings

Voluntary

in

Iskandar

Malaysia

Summary

� Generally, they appear to have similar scope, mode of

assessment, phase of certification, and serve the need of

similar occupancy types, stakeholder groups, and life cycle stages.

� The latest tool MyCREST contains greater commitment to

sustainable development and sustainable building, as well as

reference to ‘holistic’ approaches that were not prominent in

the earlier tools.

� Comprehensive and prescriptive-based – better served as

guides for those who are beginners in green building

design/construction/operation.

� Performance-based – play a major role in enhancing the

knowledge and green practices within the building sector.

� More comprehensive means more criteria and more

submittals; hence, more effort, more time and more money.

� Simplest tool is Green Seal – probably enough as a starting

point in Melaka.

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Conclusion

� INEVITABLES: Design professionals have to be familiar and

keep pace with several rating tools

� PRO: This will not require too much time and effort

because, generally, rating tools in Malaysia have more

similarities than differences.

� CON: The rating tools might not complement, but rather

compete with, each other.

� RECOMMENDATION: Design professionals should analyze

the tools’ details carefully to decide one that will best

meet their clients’ specific sustainability goals.

COEXISTENCE OF LEED AND

GREEN GLOBES IN THE US

MARKET

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COEXISTENCE OF HK-BEAM AND

CEPAS IN THE HONG KONG

MARKET

BibliographyRating Tools Reference Guides

� CIDB (2015). A Reference Guide for MyCREST (Introduction) version 3.4.

� CIDB (2015). A Reference Guide for MyCREST (Design Stage Certification,

New Construction) version 3.4.

� CIDB (2015). A Reference Guide for MyCREST (Operation & Maintenance

Stage Certification, New Construction) version 3.4.

� GSB (2011). GBI Design Reference Guide (NRNC) version 1.05

� GSB (2010). GBI Design Reference Guide (RNC) version 1.02

� JKR (2014). Manual Penarafan Hijau JKR. Draft 002.

� MGTC & MGDO (2014). Melaka Green Seal (Meterai Hijau Melaka). 1st ed.

� REHDA (2015). GreenRE Design Reference Guide, Non-Residential

Building, version 3.0.

� REHDA (2015). GreenRE Design Reference Guide, Residential Building,

version 3.0.

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BibliographyPapers

� Aotake, N., Ofuji, N., Miura, M., Shimada, N., & Hideharu, N. (2005).

Comparison among results of various comprehensive assessment systems

- case study for a model building using CASBEE, BREEAM and LEED. 2005

World Sustainable Building Conference (SB05Tokyo), Tokyo, 27-29 Sept.,

pp.1734-1737.

� Bordass, B., & Leaman, A. (2005). Making feedback and post-occupancy

evaluation routine 1: A portfolio of feedback techniques. Building

Research & Information, 33(4), pp.347-352.

� Brochner, J., Ang, G. K. I., & Fredriksson, G. (1999). Sustainability and the

performance concept: Encouraging innovative environmental

technology in construction. Building Research & Information, 27(6),

pp.367-372.

� Cole, R. J. (1996). Life-cycle energy use in office buildings. Building and

Environment, 31(4), pp.307-317.

� Cole, R. J. (2005). Building environmental assessment methods: Redefining

intentions and roles. Building Research & Information, 35(5), pp.455-467.

� Ding, G. K. (2008). Sustainable construction: The role of environmental

assessment tools. Journal of Environmental Management, 86, pp.451-464.

BibliographyPapers

� Kaatz, E., Root, D., & Bowen, P. (2005). Broadening project participation

through a modified building sustainability assessment. Building Research

& Information, 33(5), pp.441-454.

� Kaatz, E., Root, D., Bowen, P., & Hill, R. C. (2006). Advancing key

outcomes of sustainability building assessment. Building Research &

Information, 34(4), pp.308-320.

� U.S. Green Building Council. (2006). Foundations of the Leadership in

Energy and Environmental Design Environmental Rating System A Tool for

Market Transformation: LEED Policy Manual. Retrieved from

http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=2039

10/03/2016

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Dr. Zalina Shari

Email : [email protected]

QUESTIONS?

THANK YOU!

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