green cloud computing india

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GREEN CLOUD COMPUTING SUNNY KUMAR NIRALA (BE/1163/2011) PREM PRAKASH LEYANGI(BE/1168/2011) AKASH LAL DAS (BE/1172/2011) UNDER GUIDANCE OF Dr. SUBRAJEET MOHAPATRA

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Page 1: Green cloud computing India

GREEN CLOUD COMPUTINGSUNNY KUMAR NIRALA (BE/1163/2011) PREM PRAKASH LEYANGI(BE/1168/2011)

AKASH LAL DAS (BE/1172/2011)

UNDER GUIDANCE OF Dr. SUBRAJEET MOHAPATRA

Page 2: Green cloud computing India

GREEN CLOUD COMPUTING

POTENTIAL OF GREEN CLOUD COMPUTING IN INDIA AND

MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF DATA CENTRES.

Page 3: Green cloud computing India

CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing is model for enabling convenient, on

demand network access to a shared pool of

configurable computing resources that can be rapidly

provisioned and released with minimal management

effort or service provider interaction.

Cloud providers typically use a "pay as you go" model.

Pay As You Go (PAYG) is a utility computing billing

Page 4: Green cloud computing India

WHY? GREEN CLOUD COMPUTING

power consumption of data centers has huge impacts on environments.

growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically increased the energy consumption of data centers, which has become a critical issue.

High energy consumption not only translates to high operational cost, which reduces the profit margin of Cloud providers, but also leads to high carbon emissions which is not environmentally friendly. Hence, energy efficient solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud computing on the environment , hence the requirement for green cloud computing.

Page 5: Green cloud computing India

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) industry

generates about 2% of the total global CO2 emissions, which is

equal to the aviation industry. According to a report published by

the European Union, a decrease in emission volume of 15%–30%

is required before year 2020 to keep the global temperature

increase below 2 degree C.

Energy consumption and carbon emission by Cloud

infrastructures has become a key environmental concern.

Page 6: Green cloud computing India

COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CLOUD

DATA CENTRES

Cloud

datacenters

Location Estimated

power usage

Effectivenes

s

% of Dirty

Energy

Generation

% of

Renewable

Electricity

Google Lenoir 1.21 50.5% Coal,

38.7%

Nuclear

3.8%

Apple Apple, NC 50.5% Coal,

38.7%

Nuclear

3.8%

Microsoft Chicago, IL 1.22 72.8% Coal,

22.3%

Nuclear

1.1%

Yahoo La Vista, NE 1.16 73.1% Coal, 7%

Page 7: Green cloud computing India

GREEN CLOUD COMPUTING

MODEL

Data centre

Power

Cooling

Design

Green computing

Page 8: Green cloud computing India

POWER USAGE EFFECTIVENESS

(PUE)

Power usage effectiveness (PUE) is a metric used to determine

the energy efficiency of a data center.

PUE = Total Facility Power / IT Equipment Power.

DCiE = IT Equipment Power / Total Facility Power.

1<= PUE <= infinity .

Average PUE in US =1.91.

Average PUE in INDIA =2.5 and above

Page 9: Green cloud computing India

Cooling device (Chiller, Computer

Room Air Conditioning (CRAC))

33%+9%

IT Equipment 30%

Electrical Equipments (UPS, Power

Distribution Units (PDUs), lighting)

28%

Within a datacenter is its cooling system that contributes to almost 1/3 of

total energy consumption.

Page 10: Green cloud computing India

IMPROVING COOLING EFFICIENCY IN

DATA CENTRES

Implement Hot-Aisle/Cold-Aisle -Arrange racks in rows so the fronts face each other in cold aisles and the backs face each other in hot aisles. That prevents servers from drawing in hot air from servers in the adjacent row . Hot-aisle/cold-aisle configurations can reduce energy use up to 20%.

Install Blanking Panels –Blocking off unused rack spaces forces cold air through your servers and prevents hot air from recirculating through the enclosure.

Organize Cables -Tangled cables block airflow. They prevent efficient cold air distribution under raised floors and cause heat to build up inside enclosures.

Page 11: Green cloud computing India

Use Close-Coupled Cooling -

Close-coupled cooling allows you to focus cooling where it’s

needed most without lowering the temperature of the entire room.

The modular nature of close-coupled cooling also allows data

center managers to quickly reconfigure cooling to handle new

equipment or overheating racks.

Isolate and Remove Hot Air -

Thermal duct rack enclosures route hot air through an overhead

duct .

Replace Inefficient UPS Systems -

Removing unnecessary heat sources helps cool the room.

Page 12: Green cloud computing India

COST EFFECTIVE COOLING OF DATA

CENTRES

Data centres should be setup in those regions having lesser

temperature throughout the year.

World’s leading tech. companies such as Google show us the

away , that a significant decrease in Power Usage Effectiveness

(PUE) can be obtained by simply choosing an appropriate

location for the data center. Regions with cooler temperature

throughout the year are more preferable. This is because cooling

consumes a large portion of total energy consumed in data

centers in India. As per Industry experts 80 degrees Fahrenheit is a

safe temperature value , considering IT equipment specifications.

Page 13: Green cloud computing India

DATA CENTRES IN INDIA

Location Sq. area(in sq. ft) Rack-loading(in kgs)

Ahmedabad 13,729 1000-1200

Mumbai 12,000 1000-1200

Jaipur 10,111 1000-1200

Ludhiana 7870 1000-1200

Faridabad 13,450 1000-1200

Ghaziabad 6280 1000-1200

Page 14: Green cloud computing India

MERITS OF DATA CENTRES IN

INDIA

In india BSNL has incorporated with DIMENSION DATA to

develop data centres supporting green computing .Some features

of these data centres are

1. Green Computing adoption.

2. Incorporation of appropriate technology in infrastructure help us

reduce operational expenses such as power consumption and

heat generation and also reduce the carbon footprint.

Page 15: Green cloud computing India

HOW GREEN COMPUTING IS

ACHIEVED IN DATA CENTRES IN INDIA

adopting “green” friendly technologies at various aspects of the data centresuch as :

1. Exploring utilization of renewable energy sources to power certain functional areas of the data centre.

2. Deploying energy efficient servers and storage.

3. Virtualization to drive up efficiency.

4. Employing power saver features into the critical equipments, for example servers go into sleep mode.

5. Reduceing unnecessary operational overheads and travel by centralizing all the operations through our command centre. We

are striving to run these data centres at a PUE of 1.7 .

Page 16: Green cloud computing India

POWER

Data centres get power from electricity (which is produced by

burning coal in power plants leading to enormous amount of

carbon emission in the atmosphere) and backup

generators(running on deisel having high cost and adds to

pollution of the atmosphere).

Feasible alternative leading to green cloud computing

Initially POWER is obtained form ELECTRICITY(from

plants)+ELECTRICITY(from backup generator) .

Page 17: Green cloud computing India

RENEWABLE ENERGY AS A SOURCE

OF POWER

The installed capacity of Renewable energy has touched 32,269.6

Mw or 12.95% of the total potential available in the country, as on

March 31, 2014. With this, the renewable energy, including large

hydro electricity, constitutes 28.8% of the overall installed capacity

in India.

The untapped market potential for overall renewable energy in

India is 2,16,918.39 Mw that shows huge growth potential for

renewable energy in India.

India has the world's fifth-largest electricity generation capacity,

which currently stands at 243 Gw.

Page 18: Green cloud computing India

Equipments used in Datacentres and their Power

ConsumptionEquipment Capacity Power

consumption

Storage HP 8100 EVA 604.8 Tb 4.9 kW

Content Server HP DL380 G5 800 Mb/s 225 W

Computation

Server

HP DL380 G5 335 W

LAN Cisco 6509 320 Gb/s 3.8 kW

Gateway Router Juniper MX-960 660 Gb/s 5.1 kW

Ethernet

Switch(Small)

Cisco 4503 64 Gb/s 474 W

Ethernet Switch Cisco 6509 160 Gb/s 3.8 kW

BNG Juniper E320 60 Gb/s 3.3 kW

Provider Edge Cisco 12816 160 Gb/s 4.21 kW

Core Router Cisco CRS-1 640 Gb/s 10.9 kW

WDM(800Km) Fujitsu 7700 40 Gb/s 136 W/Channel

Page 19: Green cloud computing India

VIRTUALIZATION

Virtualization software makes it possible to run multiple operating

systems and multiple applications on the same server at the same

time,“

Virtualization converts discrete servers to virtualized images that

run as independent machines on a centralized server or server

pool.

The technology behind virtualization is known as a virtual machine

monitor (VMM) or virtual manager

Hardware Virtualization uses software that is called a hypervisor

(commonly VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, or Citrix XenServer)

to abstract the physical characteristics of a server. This permits

multiple guest operating systems to run virtually on a single

physical server.

"It enables businesses to reduce IT costs while increasing the

efficiency, utilization and flexibility of their existing computer

hardware.“

Page 20: Green cloud computing India

ADVANTAGES

Maximize resources — Virtualization can reduce the number of

physical systems you need to acquire, and you can get more

value out of the servers. Most traditionally built systems are

underutilized.

Multiple systems —run different operating systems and

applications

IT budget integration — When you use virtualization,

management, administration and all the attendant requirements of

managing your own infrastructure remain a direct cost of your IT

operation. Reduce it staffing to manage different servers

individually.

Large corporations with little downtime tolerance and airtight

security requirements may find that virtualization fits them best.

Traditionally suited with private clouds.

Page 21: Green cloud computing India

GREEN ADVANTAGES

Desktop Virtualization facilitates a number of carbon-footprint reducing initiatives:

Freeing up of server or storage devices, which can then be re-deployed in those areas where additional capacity is sought, thus preventing the need for additional hardware purchase. Excess devices can be decommissioned, thereby reducing the volume of IT hardware that needs to be powered, maintained and cooled.

Enables the deployment of greener, energy-efficient thin-client devices or helps extend the lifespan of older, conventional, PC devices by deploying them as lower-function access devices.

By separating the user experience from a fixed device, users can access their virtual desktops from a variety of locations. For business, this facilitates environmentally friendly work-from-home or tele-commuting initiatives and provides the business with the option of scaling back office-space provisioning.

Page 22: Green cloud computing India

EXAMPLE OF

VIRTUALIZED/UNVIRTUALIZED DATA

CENTERS Before virtualization:

Annual energy utilization = 100kW x 8760 hrs/yr = 876000 kWh

Annual electricity cost = 876000kWh x Rs. 3.10/kWh* = Rs. 27,

15,600

*Base Tariff for HT I – Industries – Mahadiscom

After Virtualization:

Assumption that the PUE goes up to 2.1 due to reduced capacity

utilization.

Annual energy utilization = (25+25*1.1=52.5) kW x 8760 hrs/yr =

459900 kWh

Annual electricity cost = 459900 kWh x Rs. 3.10/kWh* = Rs.

14,25,690

*Base Tariff for HT I – Industries – Mahadiscom, for example at

commercial consumer level prices are at more than 2x of these

levels.

Page 23: Green cloud computing India

Tulip Telecom free up many racks, amounting to about Rs 30 lakh

per year. Power consumption by the datacenter has reduced to 8

KW, lowering power and cooling expenses by Rs 17 lakh per

year.

Over all, the server virtualization project has helped Tulip Telecom

save almost Rs 55 lakh per year, while furthering its commitment

to greener datacenters.

Considering that both data centers (both before and after

virtualization) are able to perform the same amount of work, we

can see from the above calculation that the virtualized data center

is noticeably more energy efficient.

Page 24: Green cloud computing India

EXAMPLE

Capgemini can, on average, cut the number of servers needed by 55%-75%, which would move the average utilization of a typical organization's IT estate from between 5%-30% to as high as 65%-85%.

The most sustainable data center in the world

Capgemini's newest data center, the Merlin facility in Swindon, UK, boasts astounding energy-efficiency credentials, including:

A PUE of 1.09 (factory tested)

Capgemini's global infrastructure outsourcing services supports over 26,000 physical servers, of which 8,000 are virtualized.

The fresh air-cooling system delivers 80% savings in run costs and produces up to 50% less carbon output.

Uses 91% less power than a conventional data center with a PUE of 2.5

Has a power plant that utilizes a state-of-the-art flywheel – not battery – UPS with fast generators for improved resilience.

Page 25: Green cloud computing India

CARBON EMISSIONS EXAMPLE

USA

Compared with natural gas, which emits between 0.6 and 2

pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour

(CO2E/kWh), and coal, which emits between 1.4 and 3.6 pounds

of CO2E/kWh, wind emits only 0.02 to 0.04 pounds of

CO2E/kWh, solar 0.07 to 0.2,geothermal 0.1 to 0.2,

and hydroelectric between 0.1 and 0.5. Renewable electricity

generation from biomass can have a wide range of global warming

emissions depending on the resource and how it is harvested.

Sustainably sourced biomass has a low emissions footprint, while

unsustainable sources of biomass can generate significant global

warming emissions.

Page 26: Green cloud computing India

CHART APPROXIMATION

OF CARBON EMISSIONS

Page 27: Green cloud computing India

STABLE ENERGY PRICES

Renewable energy is providing affordable electricity across the

country right now, and can help stabilize energy prices in the

future.

The costs of renewable energy technologies have declined

steadily, and are projected to drop even more. For example, the

average price of a solar panel has dropped almost 60 percent

since 2011 . The cost of generating electricity from wind dropped

more than 20 percent between 2010 and 2012 and more than 80

percent since 1980 .

While renewable facilities require upfront investments to build,

once built they operate at very low cost and, for most

technologies, the fuel is free. As a result, renewable energy prices

are relatively stable over time.

Page 28: Green cloud computing India

MEASURES TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY

OF DATA CENTRE

1. Processor Efficiency -processor manufacturers provide lower voltage versions of their processors that consume on average 30 Watts less than standard processors.

2. Power Supplies -Best-in-class power supplies are available today that deliver efficiency of 90 percent. Use of these power supplies reduces power draw within the data center by 124 kW or 11 percent of the 1,127 kW total.

3. Power management software -Data centers are sized for peak conditions that may rarely exist. In a typical business data center, daily demand progressively increases from about 5 a.m. to 11 a.m. and then begins to drop again at 5 p.m. Server processors have power management features built-in that can reduce power when the processor is idle.

4. Blade Servers -Many organizations have implemented blade servers to meet processing requirements and improve server management

5. Server Virtualization-As server technologies are optimized, virtu- alization is increasingly being deployed to increase server utilization and reduce the number of servers required.

Page 29: Green cloud computing India

6. Higher Voltage AC Power Distribution -Most data centers use a type of UPS called a double-conversion system. These systems convert incoming power to DC and then back to AC within the UPS. This enables the UPS to generate a clean, consistent waveform for IT equipment and effectively isolates IT equipment from the power source.

7. Cooling Best Practices -Most data centers have implemented some best practices, such as the hot-aisle/cold- aisle rack arrangement. Potential exists in sealing gaps in floors, using blanking panels in open spaces in racks, and avoiding mixing of hot and cold air.

8. Variable-Capacity Cooling.

9. High-Density Supplemental Cooling .

10. Monitoring and Optimization -Room cooling units on one side of a facility may be humidifying the environment based on local conditions while units on the opposite side of the facility are dehumidifying.

Page 30: Green cloud computing India

Energy

saving

actions

Saving independent of

other action

Saving(kw) Saving(%)

Saving with cascade effect

Saving(Kw) Saving(%)

cumulative

s saving

Low power

processors

111 10 111 10 111

High-

efficiency

power

supplies

141 12 124 11 235

Power

management

features

125 11 88 8 321

Blade servers 8 1 7 1 328

Server

virtualization

156 14 86 8 414

Page 31: Green cloud computing India

Energy-Saving

Action

Saving independent

of other action

Saving(kw)

Saving(%)

Saving with cascade effect

Saving(Kw) Saving(%) Cumulative

s Saving

Higher Voltage

AC Power

Distribution

34 3 20 2 434

Cooling Best

Practices

24 2 15 1 449

Variable

Capacity

Cooling

79 7 49 4 498

Supplemental

Cooling

200 18 72 6 570

Monitoring and

Optimization

25 2 15 1 585

Page 32: Green cloud computing India

LIMITATION OF GREEN CLOUD

COMPUTING The principle limitation is the high cost of purchase of components

that are required to make the cloud computing more efficient and

more environment friendly(like cooling eqipments,carbon

emission rating meter etc.)

The maintenance of devices in data centres is also a prime

limitation.

The provision of power from renewable sources in developing

countries is limited and expensive .