green infrastructure survey€¦ · green infrastructure relates to the provision of "green...
TRANSCRIPT
Green
Infrastructure
Survey
Prepared for the
Botanic Gardens
of Adelaide
July 2013
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 1
1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 3
1.1. THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT ..................................................................................................................... 3
2. KEY RESULTS .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1. UNDERSTANDING OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE ......................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1. First encounter with the term Green Infrastructure ..................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2. Understanding of the term Green Infrastructure ......................................................................................................... 5
2.2. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IMPORTANCE AND PRIORITIES .......................................................................................... 7
2.2.1. Green Infrastructure benefits ....................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2. Importance of different Green Infrastructure elements ............................................................................................... 9
2.2.3. Priority of Green Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................. 11
2.2.4. Priorities for Green Infrastructure .............................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.5. Ideal urban environment ............................................................................................................................................ 15
2.3. INTEREST, AWARENESS AND CAPACITY IN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................... 17
2.4. BARRIERS TO DELIVERY OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE .............................................................................................. 20
2.5. USEFUL RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................................. 22
2.6. APPLICATION OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE .............................................................................................................. 23
2.6.1. Projects ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.6.2. Policies or guidelines ................................................................................................................................................... 25
2.7. PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 26
2.7.1. Field of work ............................................................................................................................................................... 26
2.7.2. Type of work ............................................................................................................................................................... 27
2.7.3. Sector .......................................................................................................................................................................... 27
3. APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................. 28
3.1. APPENDIX 1: UNDERSTANDING OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE .................................................................................. 28
3.2. APPENDIX 2: PRIORITIES FOR GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................................... 30
3.3. APPENDIX 3: IDEAL URBAN ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................. 33
3.4. APPENDIX 4: BARRIERS TO GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE DELIVERY ............................................................................... 36
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Sustainable Focus was engaged by the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide (BGA) to undertake a baseline survey for the Green Infrastructure Project. The aim of the survey was to build understanding about current perceptions and knowledge in relation to Green Infrastructure in South Australia as well as gather information about project examples and priorities. The survey was completed by 76 people from the fields of planning, policy, design, water management and horticulture.
The Green Infrastructure Project at the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide is working together with government, industry and community towards the achievement of the vision: South Australians living in healthy, resilient and beautiful landscapes that sustain and connect people with plants and places. Green Infrastructure describes the network of green spaces and water systems that deliver multiple environmental, economic and social values and benefits.
Understanding of Green Infrastructure
The majority of survey respondents (i.e. 36%) first heard the term Green Infrastructure through a colleague or their workplace. Over a quarter of respondents (26%) had not come across the term before undertaking the survey.
Respondents were asked an open-ended question about their understanding of the term Green Infrastructure. Responses were varied, however a number of common themes arose. The most common feature relating to responses was understanding the term Green Infrastructure to incorporate natural, green or living elements within the urban environment. Other themes included: water; an environmentally sensitive approach; a contrast between ‘green’ and ‘grey’ infrastructure; holistic responses including the provision of environmental, social and/or economic values; connectivity between people and places; food potential; and climate change mitigation and/or adaptation.
Green Infrastructure importance and priorities
Green Infrastructure was considered a very important issue by the overwhelming majority of survey respondents. Eight seven percent (87%) of respondents stated that they consider Green Infrastructure to be either ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ important for the planning and design of urban environments in South Australia.
Survey respondents were asked to rate the importance of numerous potential benefits of Green Infrastructure. Temperature moderation was rated the most significant benefit with 64% of participants indicating it was ‘extremely important’. Psychological well-being and air quality followed in order of importance.
Participants also rated the importance of different elements of Green Infrastructure. Parks and reserves were rated as ‘very important’ or ‘extremely important’ by all respondents. This was followed by street trees.
Questions about the priority of Green Infrastructure were asked in relation to different sectors. The majority of respondents (77-82%) stated that they ‘strongly agree’ Green Infrastructure should be a priority for State and Local Government as well as developers, however significantly fewer believe that Green Infrastructure is currently a priority in any of these sectors. Thirty one percent (31%) ‘mostly’ or ‘strongly’ disagree that Green Infrastructure is currently a priority for Local Government; 41% disagree it is a priority for State Government and 77% disagree that Green Infrastructure is a priority for developers in South Australia.
Respondents were asked an open-ended question to list their top three priorities for Green Infrastructure in South Australia. Responses were diverse and the most frequent themes were related to: water; enhancing or protecting open space, bushland, reserves and the park lands;
2
creating ecological, green or biological linkages or corridors; regulation; education or participation and street trees.
When asked to describe their ideal urban environment the most frequently used terms included gardens, local, walking, street trees and open space.
Interest, awareness and capacity in Green Infrastructure
Participants responded to a number of statements related to capacity in Green Infrastructure. The statement that was most strongly agreed to was ‘I advocate for Green Infrastructure in my work’, closely followed by ‘I would like to further develop my knowledge and/or skills in the area of Green Infrastructure’.
Survey respondents were asked about another set of statements related to awareness of existing Green Infrastructure projects and resources. Sixty percent (60%) of respondents were aware of the Green Infrastructure Project before undertaking this survey. There was generally a medium level of awareness of other related resources amongst survey participants. Most encouragingly, 70% of participants said they would contribute to the collection of information and examples of Green Infrastructure.
Barriers to delivery of Green Infrastructure
The major’ barrier to delivery of Green Infrastructure that was identified by the highest number of people as a ‘barrier was lack of political interest, followed by limited access to resources or finance. Design or construction barriers were identified as the least significant barrier.
Useful resources
Respondents indicated that the most effective resource type for increasing the capacity to understand and/or implement Green Infrastructure is case studies (79% of respondents), followed by tours and site visits (63%), written resources (60%) and training or courses (59%).
Application of Green Infrastructure
The survey has gathered information about existing Green Infrastructure projects across a range of themes and elements including: gardens/green walls, water related projects, housing/developments, linear parks/greenways/bike-ways, streetscapes/parks, restoration/planting projects, and others. Respondents also provided examples of principles and standards related to Green Infrastructure.
Profile of respondents
The majority of respondents (69%) work in the environment/conservation field. At 38%, the type of work most strongly represented was on-ground delivery/operations (this included landscape design/architecture), followed by policy/strategy. The largest sector represented by survey participants was State Government (32%), followed by private industry then Local Government.
The survey results demonstrate that Green Infrastructure is considered to be of great importance by respondents and should be prioritised by State and Local Government as well as developers. While understanding of the term is varied and possibly reflects the interests of respondents, encouragingly, a large number of participants in the survey demonstrated a strong understanding of the concept and in particular the important role of water.
The large amount of qualitative and quantitative information gathered through this survey should assist with designing communications to reach different and new audiences as well as targeting resources of the Green Infrastructure project most effectively. It will be important to continue working in partnership with other programs and organisations that are aiming to raise the profile of Green Infrastructure in South Australia to ensure coordinated and complementary approaches.
3
1. INTRODUCTION
Sustainable Focus was engaged by the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide (BGA) in March 2013 to undertake a baseline survey for the Green Infrastructure Project. The aim of the survey was to build understanding about current perceptions and knowledge in relation to Green Infrastructure in South Australia as well as gather information about project examples and priorities.
The survey was designed jointly by Natasha Davis of Sustainable Focus and Sheryn Pitman, Project Officer for the Green Infrastructure Project at the BGA. The survey was pilot tested by people working within the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR).
Once pilot testing was complete, the survey was circulated to people in the fields of planning, policy, design, water management and horticulture. Seventy six (76) people undertook the survey and the key results are provided in this report.
It is recommended that follow-up survey(s) be conducted as the Green Infrastructure Project progresses to identify developments and changes in perceptions, knowledge and priorities in relation to Green Infrastructure in South Australia over time.
1.1. THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT
The Green Infrastructure Project at the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide is working together with government, industry and community towards the achievement of the vision: South Australians living in healthy, resilient and beautiful landscapes that sustain and connect people with plants and places. The Project is a Botanic Gardens of Adelaide initiative and is currently supported by Renewal SA, the Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure, and the Adelaide and Mt Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board.
Green Infrastructure describes the network of green spaces and water systems that deliver multiple environmental, economic and social values and benefits. It includes parks and reserves, backyards and gardens, waterways and wetlands, streets and transport corridors, pathways and greenways, squares and plazas, urban farms and orchards, roof gardens and living walls, sports fields and cemeteries. Green Infrastructure provides and connects vital life support systems for urban environments.
4
2. KEY RESULTS
2.1. UNDERSTANDING OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
2.1.1. First encounter with the term Green Infrastructure
Respondents were asked when they first encountered the term Green Infrastructure. The largest number of respondents indicated they first heard the term through a colleague or their workplace (n= 25; 36%) (see Figure 1). Over a quarter of respondents (26%) had not come across the term before undertaking this survey. Other sources mentioned were ‘Landcape Architecture studies and magazine’, ‘university education’ and ‘Local Government Association’.
Figure 1: When respondents first encountered the term Green Infrastructure
5
2.1.2. Understanding of the term Green Infrastructure
Respondents were asked an open-ended question about their understanding of the term Green Infrastructure. Responses to this question were varied and were analysed qualitatively for common themes. The most common feature relating to responses was understanding the term Green Infrastructure to incorporate natural, green or living elements within the urban environment. This theme was mentioned in about 20 responses, with some examples including:
Living things amongst the concrete.
The incorporation of vegetation, particularly trees, in the urban environment.
Green infrastructure relates to the provision of "green spaces" in various forms, such as parks and gardens, green walls, transport corridors and other community spaces.
Anything that provides green things in our communities, e.g. vertical gardens, street landscaping, parks, reserves, linear parks, street trees, village squares with shade trees, urban farms, etc.
A small number of responses included water within this definition, for example:
It relates to the use of natural resources in the public realm, e.g. green space, landscape, WSUD [Water Sensitive Urban Design].
Another theme was that Green Infrastructure adopts an environmentally sensitive approach.
Building infrastructure in an environmentally responsible manner, which is eco sensitive and sustainable in all stages of the project from the design through to the construction and the maintenance of the project. All outcomes should have only positive benefits to the environment, no negative impacts.
Public and privately built infrastructure with good environmental ‘cred’.
Three respondents specifically contrasted ‘Green’ and ‘Grey’ or traditional infrastructure.
Assets which relate to open space/public realm/environment which do not necessarily utilize "hard" traditional engineering solutions.
6
There were a number of holistic responses that mentioned numerous benefits or features of
Green Infrastructure, including the provision of environmental, social, and/or economic values.
I understand it is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of infrastructure, that it is a separate term from grey infrastructure, and includes all organic forms of the built environment, the role of water, the social benefits and the economic implications.
The creation of living, breathing, connected, sustainable and biodiverse habitats across our urban spaces for enduring benefits to community, society and the greater environment as a whole.
The use of vegetation in the urban environment to enhance the amenity, ecology and air quality (including air temperature), and to provide attractive open space to encourage social interaction and wellbeing.
Green Infrastructure describes green spaces and water systems that by being accessible to all people can deliver multiple benefits for the environment and beneficially influence economic and social values.
Greening of urban environments to improve amenity, liveability, sustainability.
Connectivity between people and places also featured in a few definitions:
Living places that are part of, not separate from, resilient natural ecosystems.
Care for existing and establishment of new networks of green spaces and water ways that provide social, environmental and economic benefits to communities. This can be parks and gardens, wetlands, water ways, corridors, and interconnectedness with public open space and private open space.
The facilities and spaces that connect living things and the natural environment.
Food potential and climate change mitigation and/or adaptation were also each mentioned a small number of times.
See Appendix 1 for full results.
7
2.2. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IMPORTANCE AND PRIORITIES
Survey respondents were asked four questions relating to the perceived importance of Green Infrastructure as well as the importance they place on different elements or potential benefits of Green Infrastructure. Green Infrastructure was considered a very important issue by the overwhelming majority of survey respondents (see Figure 2). Eighty seven (87%) per cent of respondents stated that they consider Green Infrastructure to be either ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ important for the planning and design of urban environments in South Australia.
Figure 2: Perceived importance of Green Infrastructure
8
2.2.1. Green Infrastructure benefits
Survey respondents were asked to rate the importance of different potential benefits of Green Infrastructure on a five scale rating ranging from ‘not at all important’ (Score of 1) to ‘extremely important’ (Score of 5). To facilitate interpretation of the survey responses, the ordinal rankings as to importance have been interpreted as a nominal likert scale of 1-5.
Temperature moderation was rated the most signficant benefit, with a mean score of 4.5 and a 64% rating as ‘extremely important’ (see Table 1). Air quality and psychological well-being followed, both receiving a mean score of 4.41.
Table 1: Perceived importance of potential benefits of Green Infrastructure
Importance
Answer options Not at
all (1)
Slightly
(2)
Moderately
(3)
Very
(4)
Extremely
(5)
Unsure
Mean
score
Temperature
moderation
0% 0% 11% 23% 64% 1% 4.5
Air quality 0% 1% 14% 25% 59% 1% 4.4
Psychological well-
being
1% 0% 10% 33% 55% 1% 4.4
Biodiversity
conservation
0% 3% 15% 23% 58% 1% 4.3
Attractive living
spaces
0% 0% 10% 42% 47% 1% 4.3
Recreation and
relaxation
0% 1% 11% 44% 42% 1% 4.2
Water quality
improvement
0% 3% 11% 27% 55% 4% 4.2
Energy efficiency 1% 0% 14% 27% 54% 4% 4.2
Human physical
health
0% 3% 15% 34% 47% 1% 4.2
Water harvesting 0% 4% 15% 31% 47% 3% 4.1
Play spaces 0% 1% 22% 42% 33% 1% 4.0
Flood protection 0% 4% 24% 31% 39% 1% 4.0
Noise reduction 3% 7% 26% 31% 32% 1% 3.8
Social interaction 1% 3% 26% 48% 21% 1% 3.8
Property values 1% 12% 27% 33% 23% 3% 3.6
Commercial
vitality
0% 18% 30% 40% 8% 4% 3.3
1 Due to the sample size, small variations in mean scores cannot be considered statistically significant.
9
2.2.2. Importance of different Green Infrastructure elements
Survey respondents were also asked to rate the importance of different elements of Green Infrastructure. Parks and reserves were rated by all respondents as ‘very important’ or ‘extremely important’, with a mean rating of 4.8 (see Table 2). This was followed by street trees with a mean of 4.7 and the following five elements all receiving a mean score of 4.6: Public gardens, Biodiversity corridors, Wetlands, Local creeks, and Bike paths and Pedestrian walkways.
Table 2: Perceived importance of Green Infrastructure elements
Importance
Answer Options Not at
all (1)
Slightly
(2)
Moderately
(3)
Very
(4)
Extremely
(5)
Unsure Mean
score
Parks and reserves 0% 0% 0% 22% 78% 0% 4.8
Street trees 0% 3% 3% 20% 74% 0% 4.7
Public gardens 0% 0% 5% 32% 62% 0% 4.6
Wetlands 0% 0% 5% 31% 64% 0% 4.6
Local creeks 0% 0% 5% 24% 70% 0% 4.6
Biodiversity corridors 0% 1% 7% 23% 69% 0% 4.6
Bike paths and
pedestrian walkways
0% 1% 4% 26% 69% 0% 4.6
Linear parks and
greenways
0% 1% 5% 31% 62% 0% 4.5
Walkable streets 0% 0% 8% 26% 65% 1% 4.5
Lakes and reservoirs 0% 1% 12% 32% 54% 0% 4.4
Private gardens 0% 1% 18% 37% 44% 0% 4.2
Urban farms and
orchards
1% 4% 16% 42% 36% 0% 4.1
Sports fields 1% 3% 18% 42% 36% 0% 4.1
Community gardens 1% 5% 18% 42% 34% 0% 4.0
Community plazas 0% 9% 20% 38% 31% 1% 3.9
Roof gardens 3% 16% 34% 20% 27% 0% 3.5
Green walls 4% 16% 33% 23% 24% 0% 3.5
Cemeteries 5% 14% 39% 30% 12% 0% 3.3
10
Other elements identified by respondents were:
Regional native flora centres which showcase the local flora of a particular region.
Riparian corridors and coastal areas.
One person commented:
‘You need a definition of what a park and reserve actually is because it means different
things; linear or corridors are NOT preferential for biodiversity, rather ecological linkages.
SA is 15 years behind on this concept!’
11
2.2.3. Priority of Green Infrastructure
A further question relating to Green Infrastructure priorities asked for responses to a number of statements depicted in Figure 3. Results included:
• Thirty eight percent (38%) of respondents said they ‘somewhat agree’ that Green Infrastructure is (currently) a priority for both Local and State Government in South Australia
• Sixty seven percent (67%) of survey respondents stated they ‘mostly disagree’ or ‘strongly disagree’ that Green Infrastructure is a priority for developers
• Seventy seven percent (77%) of people stated they ‘strongly agree’ Green Infrastructure should be a priority for Local Government, 82% ‘strongly agree’ Green Infrastructure should be a priority for State Government and 80% strongly agree Green Infrastructure should be a priority for developers
• Sixty five percent (65%) of respondents ‘strongly disagree’ with the statement that Green Infrastructure is more a luxury than a necessity.
Figure 3: Priority of Green Infrastructure
12
Comments received under this question included:
Green infrastructure is more of a luxury than a necessity only because of building costs.
Green Infrastructure does have an impact on property values, but we should be more concerned about creating places that are liveable, and that necessitates green infrastructure.
Community/suburban resilience is now the priority. Have a look at the Perth biodiversity guidelines for some ideas about engaging and working with local governments to undertake a biodiversity strategy.
Unless the state government REQUIRES/LEGISLATES/ENFORCES, green infrastructure will not progress voluntarily except at a much slower rate.
13
Community growing – food or natives.
Making green space in domestic properties.
Allowing space in new housing blocks for trees and gardens
2.2.4. Priorities for Green Infrastructure
Respondents were asked to share their top three priorities for Green Infrastructure in South Australia through open-ended responses. Complete responses are provided in Appendix 2 and this section provides an overview of responses across all three priorities.
There was considerable diversity in the responses. The most frequent themes for respondents’ were:
• Related to water including mandating water sensitive design, stormwater harvesting, clean water, etc. (over 20 responses mentioned this theme across the three priorities) – for example:
Finalisation of policy mandating WSUD [Water Sensitive Urban Design] (e.g. stormwater quality targets).
Integrated water cycle management and reconnection of the community to the natural watercycle.
Stormwater harvesting and use.
• Enhancing or protecting open space, bushland, reserves and the park lands (around 15 responses related to this theme) – for example:
Expansion of open space network.
Green spaces accessible to all to prevent nature deficit disorder.
• Biodversity or use of native plants was a related theme that was also mentioned around 15 times.
• Related to private or community gardens or food production (13 responses), for example:
• Education or participation including the statement ‘citizen initiated referenda’ (13 responses on this theme) – for example:
Educating professionals and the public of the benefits.
Industry awareness.
14
Soft landscape and WSUD to suppress heat island effect
• Expressly related to the theme of connectivity (around 10 responses on this theme) – for example:
Ecological linkages across the state and city.
Green walkways.
Green spaces as a community tool connecting people and places.
• Regulation including the suggestion of a minimum green star rating for all infastructure projects (eight responses on this theme) – for example:
Review of building regulations to encourage green architecture with low embodied materials.
• Trees (eight responses on this theme) – for example:
Designing streets for large trees that maximize tree health.
• Related to heat island effect or climate change mitigation (seven responses).
• Related to transport infrastructure (also mentioned seven times).
• Demonstration projects or assessment of benefits (mentioned six times).
Other themes mentioned included changes to the planning system, natural playscapes, government funding, a Green Infrastructure strategy, replicating native flora centres throughout the State, renewable energy and wind power, accountability, increasing densities of communities,
15
2.2.5. Ideal urban environment
Respondents were asked to describe their ideal urban environment (see Appendix 3 for full results). The most frequent words used in the responses are presented in the box below, and the larger the font size, the more often the word was mentioned. ‘Gardens’ was mentioned in 15 of the 53 responses, followed by ‘local’ (14 times), ‘walking’ and ‘street trees’ (12 times) and ‘open space’ (10 times). A selection of responses is also provided reflecting the diversity of descriptions.
Active Gardens Harvesting Hear Landscaping Local
Open Space Passive Pocket Parks Productive Promoting
Street Trees Surrounded Walking
A pedestrian and cycle orientated development with access to quality open space, opportunities for play and interaction with the natural environment. Access to a broad range of small businesses that offer unique goods and services. Local sports clubs to participate with and support. Connectivity with the broader urban and natural environment.
Tall street trees with good shade. Backyards that are moderate in size but not small/tiny. Should be enough at least for a vegie garden and relaxing in. Lots of community parks. Local native plants used for the majority of garden landscapes (including in formal and informal design) but not exclusively - other garden designs and plants are also important. Corridors for walking, cycling, biodiversity. Water sensitive urban design. Great public transport infrastructure. Community gardens with vegie swap and local produce available for purchase... and a great bakery and coffee shop within walking distance!
"Connected” green space. Good provision of community facilities. Buffers between potential conflicting land use. Quality public realm with well considered urban design. Logical mix of residential density. More local centres promoting shopping/socialising locally.
Integrated water cycle management within a catchment, water is collected used and treated locally as much as possible. Green open spaces that connect people and places so that people are encouraged to minimise car use. Food production part of the urban environment.
Green, healthy ecosystems with high educational and passive recreational opportunities.
16
Environmentally rather than industry driven construction. Native bushland sacrosanct, with maintenance and additions planned. Reduction in use of cars, particularly commuters, with emphasis on public and alternative transportation. Onsite capture and management of water. Onsite capture and management of solar. Integrated multi-function open space incorporating recreational, sporting, amenity and biodiversity needs. High density hub focused, urban living - Adelaide needs to "grow up" in this regard!!
Safe urban streets with clean, wide walkable pavements. Access to at least a pocket park within 10 minutes’ walk from all dwellings. Low rise housing with use of green roofs and walls for rainwater harvesting, temperature and noise reduction. Wetlands for water recycling.
A 30% open space model with multi-functional spaces incorporating alternative and clean energy transport including safe bike paths, conservation spaces, food production and community spaces.
Biodiverse, productive, peaceful, entertaining, social.
Lots of 'green' of many textures, shapes and colours - all native and drought tolerant local species. Plant species that enhance opportunities for wildlife as well as physical structures such as bird boxes, bat boxes, homes for native bees. Lots of interconnected walkways to get around the space easily, surrounded by beautiful, safe, open spaces.
Invites people to be outside, safe, beautiful, clean, quiet, provides sense of community and vibrancy, encourages cycling and walking over vehicular traffic and is a safe environment to do so.
Water sensitive. Climate sensitive. Designed for reduced car dependence, promoting active streets and communities, Spaces designed for the environment and people.
No front fences, tall tree canopies, a park within walking distance that has a mix of space, informal and formal landscaping and nature play. A borrowed landscape or view of hills or ocean.
17
2.3. INTEREST, AWARENESS AND CAPACITY IN GREEN
INFRASTRUCTURE
Survey participants were asked to respond to a number of statements broadly related to capacity in Green Infrastructure by rating each from ‘strongly disagree’ (Score of 1) to ‘strongly agree’ (Score of 5). The statements and results are shown in Table 3.
The statement which had the highest mean (4.2) was ‘I advocate for Green Infrastructure in my work’, which was closely followed by the statement ‘I would like to further develop my knowledge and/or skills in the area of Green Infrastructure (mean of 4.1).
Table 3: Responses to statements relating to capacity in Green Infrastructure
Agreement
Answer Options Strongly
disagree
(1)
Mostly
disagree
(2)
Somewhat
agree
(3)
Mostly
agree
(4)
Strongly
agree
(5)
Unsure or
don’t know
Mean
score
I advocate for Green
Infrastructure in my
work
4% 4% 13% 21% 56% 1% 4.2
I would like to further
develop my knowledge
and/or skills in the
area of Green
Infrastructure
3% 3% 17% 30% 46% 1% 4.1
I have seen or am
aware of examples of
Green Infrastructure in
my local environment
(work or home)
3% 10% 14% 38% 36% 0% 3.9
I am aware of the
evidence that
demonstrates the
benefits of Green
Infrastructure to urban
communities
0% 8% 13% 35% 40% 4% 3.9
Green Infrastructure is
a high priority for my
work
3% 14% 14% 30% 38% 1% 3.8
I know where to find
relevant information
and resources about
Green Infrastructure
4% 14% 18% 31% 31% 1% 3.7
There is interest at my
workplace about
Green Infrastructure
3% 11% 24% 25% 35% 1% 3.7
18
Comments received in response to this question included:
I believe education is the key to Green Infrastructure so I would strongly advocate for workshops, seminars, training and development in the concepts and benefits of Green Infrastructure across all communities and organisations.
(I) advocate for water sensitive infrastructure in my work. I believe it is critical to ensure green infrastructure is water sensitive if multi objectives are to be realised.
Participants were asked to respond to a second set of statements related to awareness of existing projects and resources (see Figure 4 for results):
• Sixty per cent (60%) of respondents were aware of the Green Infrastructure project before undertaking this survey
• Forty one per cent (41%) were aware of the Green Infrastructure Evidence Base report and a similar number (42%) were aware of the Green Infrastructure Working Paper
• Forty percent (40%) had previously used Sustainable Landscapes resources, 36% had used the Sustainable Landscapes Project plant selector tool and 36% had been on a tour or function coordinated by the Sustainable Landscapes or Green Infrastructure projects
• Fifty three per cent (53%) were aware of the the term ‘Nature Deficit Disorder’.
Most encouragingly, seventy percent (70%) said they would contribute to the collection of information and examples of Green Infrastructure (e.g. through an on-line tool).
19
Figure 4: Responses relating to awareness and involvement in Sustainable Landscapes and/or Green Infrastructure projects
20
2.4. BARRIERS TO DELIVERY OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Survey participants were asked about barriers to the delivery of Green Infrastructure. The barrier that was identified by the most number of people as a ‘major’ barrier was lack of political interest (n=38), followed by limited access to resources or finance (n=31) (see Figure 5). Design or construction barriers were identified as the least significant ‘major’ barrier.
Further analysis of the responses relating to barriers to the delivery of Green Infrastructure was undertaken by sector (see Figures in Appendix 4). This reveals that:
• limited access to resources or finance is perceived as a major barrier for state government
• maintenance requirements are a minor or moderate barrier for local government
• lack of incentives is a major barrier for private industry.
Figure 5: Barriers to delivery of Green Infrastructure
21
Comments provided under this question included:
It is the combination of the multiple moderate barriers that collectively become a major barrier to delivery.
Too much focus on "low maintenance" these days... these budget decisions are ruining the future of our children. And since when did trees become so evil!
Not yet seeing it adequately represented in the triple bottom line or BCR. Lack of interest/perceived need still seems to be the main barrier. Lack of understanding by decision makers is also a challenge (Green infrastructure to many still just means trees or amenity...).
Expense, difficulty in retrofitting, long consultation lead times (and heavy burden on consultation resourcing) are major obstacles. Other (barrier) is that projects are supplementary to other work, not seen as an outcome in themselves, i.e. hard to promote in the way that a bridge or building can be, such as having a naming status.
An obscure term like "green infrastructure" is a turnoff. If you talk about gardens, sports fields etc. people will know what you mean and will agree these things need attention.
22
2.5. USEFUL RESOURCES
The question relating to the usefulness of different resources for increasing capacity to understand and/or implement Green Infrastructure identified that case studies were rated as most effective by 79% of respondents, followed by tours and site visits (63% of respondents), written resources (60%) and training or courses (59%).
Figure 6 identifies the resources that were selected by sector. Comments or other suggestions were invited and these included:
Proof of concept- where it has worked and how it might be adapted.
Research on costs across the asset life.
Web based resources.
Maintenance costs recognised and built into projects, rather than once off up-front payment mentality. Thinking once the initial investment has been delivered that the project has been completed.
Figure 6: Resources or assistance needed to increase capacity to understand and/or implement
Green Infrastructure
23
2.6. APPLICATION OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
One of the purposes of the survey was to gather information about existing projects as well examples of Green Infrastructure principles being incorporated into policies or guidelines.
2.6.1. Projects
The examples of projects provided by survey respondents are summarised in Table 4 by theme. The Aldinga Eco-Village was mentioned a few times.
Table 4: Examples of existing Green Infrastructure projects provided by survey respondents.
Green Infrastructure theme/element Project example(s)
Gardens/green walls Community garden 'allotments' in aged care facilities such as Lutheran Homes Inc.
The Old School Community Garden, Stirling
Wall gardens, e.g. entrance to Adelaide Zoo (and roofs in zoo)
Community gardens
Green wall in the offices of the Barbara Hardy Institute at UniSA
Water related projects Urrbrae Wetlands
Tea Tree Gully water harvesting
Burnside Council stormwater diversions where low flows run to irrigate parks and only high flows run to stormwater system
Salisbury wetlands
Former Highbury aquaduct passage redevelopment
The Playford Council area Wetlands and Aquifer recharge program
Glenelg to Adelaide Pipeline
Housing/developments Aldinga Arts Eco Village
Flinders investment in Tonsley Park
Lochiel Park development
Christies Walk (green housing development)
Mawson Lakes has elements of green infrastructure
Linear parks/greenways/bike-ways
River Torrens Linear Park
Greenways bike paths, green bike lanes in the city to better identify bike lanes
24
Green Infrastructure theme/element Project example(s)
Streetscapes/parks Use of verges, e.g. Windsor St, Unley
Treenet/street tree trials
Roadside plantings in Unley
Unley nesting box/bird bath projects
Goodwood Junction Upgrade - small community engagement (wildlife/planting) aspects of this project
The Mile End Common at Mile End is a fantastic example of a great urban park with a lot of work done to improve the amenity of the surrounding streets, a real commuity asset
Adelaide Park Lands, Coast Park
Potential for Leigh Street to become a green infrastructure project and Bank Street trial project has 'greened' that location
Restoration/planting projects Trees for Life
Urban Forest - Willunga Creek Project
Other SA mini wind trial
City of Victor Harbor renewable energy program
Barossa Bushgardens Regional Native Flora Centre, Nuriootpa
Where communities have lobbied for green infrastructure (e.g. Bauer in Seattle lobbied for 1800 street trees to be planted)
Resources/references Living Building challenge website
"Landscape Architecture"
25
2.6.2. Policies or guidelines
Respondents were also asked for examples of principles or guidelines incorporating Green Infrastructure principles or standards. Fifteen people responded that they were aware of relevant principles, standards or guidelines, and the suggestions they listed are provided are in Table 5.
Table 5: Examples of Green Infrastructure principles or standards
Examples provided by survey respondents
For State Government - Sustainability Management Plans for projects over $4 million that go to the Public Works Committee - plans have guidelines for collation
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) in developments is a start, but more can be done
Aldinga Arts Eco Village website
Solar tariffs
Energy efficient homes - Federal Government website
Some Local Government policies (not always followed)
Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (AILA) green infrastructure webpage www.aila.org.au/greeninfrastructure/
Adelaide Hills Council sustainability and biodiversity framework (under development)
Green Roof Australia (may be under development)
City of Sydney Green Roof Resource Manual www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/109383/Green-roof-resource-manual-full-version.pdf
Water by Design guidelines – South East Queensland - very comprehensive WSUD guidelines
Victorian Planning Provisions and water quality requirements (see Melbourne Water website)
Facility for Advancing Water Biofiltration (FAWB) guidelines
26
2.7. PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS
The final section of the survey asked respondents to identify the sector they work in, a description of their field of work and the nature of their work.
2.7.1. Field of work
Sixty nine per cent (69%) of respondents identified they work in the environment/conservation area (see Table 6).
The ‘other’ fields identified were:
• Infrastructure
• Aboriginal inclusion in the public space
• Recreation
• Publicity
• Retail
Table 6: Respondents by field of work*
Field of work No. respondents Percentage
Environment/conservation 44 68.8%
Water 10 15.6%
Energy 4 33.3%
Health 3 4.7%
Education 9 14.1%
Planning 15 23.4%
Development 8 12.5%
Design 22 34.4%
Finance 1 1.6%
Horticulture 3 33.3%
Other 5 7.8%
*Respondents were able to select multiple choices.
27
2.7.2. Type of work
The type of work most strongly represented was on-ground delivery/operations (this included landscape design/architecture), followed by policy/strategy (see Figure 7).
Figure 7: Work type
2.7.3. Sector
The largest sector represented was State Government (32%), followed by private industry then Local Government (see Figure 8).
Figure 8: Sector of work
28
3. APPENDICES
3.1. APPENDIX 1: UNDERSTANDING OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Survey responses
The facilities and spaces that connect living things and the natural environment.
Greening of urban environments to improve amenity, liveability, sustainability.
Capacity for a project or initiative to be able to demonstrate adequate consideration of all environmental factors
(social, economic, biological and physical environments) during the planning, construction and operation of the
project.
Green/living infrastructure that supports community, urban life and associated systems to function in unity with
each other.
An ecologically integrated structure/system of urban living that provides access to 'green spaces' that contribute to
ecological viability, human habitats and wellbeing, human and non-human.
Infrastructure associated with open space or in the public realm which provides improved amenity and softening of
urban environments.
Care for existing and establishment of new networks of green spaces and water ways that provide social,
environmental and economical benefits to communities. This can be parks and gardens, wetlands, water ways,
corridors, and interconnectedness with public open space and private open space.
All natural, cultivated and recreational areas.
Plants in the environment, whether urban or rural environment, whether natural or planted, public or private
spaces.
Green Infrastructure describes green spaces and water systems that by being accessible to all people can deliver
multiple benefits for the environment and beneficially influence economic and social values.
Design that incorporates elements of the natural/semi-natural world.
The design and utilisation of the built environment to minimise ecological damage and maximise quality of life.
Things that are ecologically sound that provide us with a healthy, productive and rewarding lifestyle.
Anything that provides green things in our communities, e.g. vertical gardens, street landscaping, parks, reserves,
linear parks, street trees, village squares with shade trees, urban farms, etc.
Relates to land use planning, taking into account environmental matters, including sustainability and wisest use of
resources.
Green Infrastructure relates to the provision of "green spaces" in various forms, such as parks and gardens, green
walls, transport corridors and other community spaces.
The use of vegetation in the urban environment to enhance the amenity, ecology and air quality (including air
temperature), and to provide attractive open space to encourage social interaction and wellbeing.
Nothing.
Using vegetation and natural systems to provide design solutions and climate change adaptation that are more
sustainable (ecologically and environmentally) than traditional engineering solutions.
The natural environment, biodiversity and ecosystem values being considered as an 'asset'.
Principles of ESD incorporated into infrastructure, including energy efficiency and renewable energy, low VOCs and
indoor air quality, social spaces, water recycling and WSUD etc.
Incorporation of the natural environment into residential and commercial zones.
Living places that are part of, not separate from, resilient natural ecosystems.
29
Survey responses
Sustainable approach to designing of the outdoor space with an emphasis on the natural environment and the
preservation of resources.
Habitat and species resilience and survival - including humans.
Ecologically sustainable infrastructure that will have a minimised impact on the environment and will educate the
public about how it helps not only the environment but our own wellbeing.
Public and privately built infrastructure with good environmental credibility.
The creation of living, breathing, connected, sustainable and biodiverse habitats across our urban spaces for
enduring benefits to community, society and the greater environment as a whole.
Is planning a more liveable city with long term sustainable principles including clean water, increased planting in
cities and areas for recreation and interaction.
Parks, gardens (both private and public), street trees, green corridors, community gardens, open green spaces,
wetlands.
Utilising natural processes/systems to return/maintain functionality in anthropologically altered landscapes
(particularly urban). Improve air and water quality, mitigate climate change, as well as contributing to biodiversity
and recreational use benefits.
Full understanding.
Integration of natural areas and elements into land use planning, to achieve various outcomes.
Unfortunately I think it means whatever you want it to mean.
The plants and associated areas that provide aesthetic and ecosystem services in human settlements.
Putting in place living structures specifically through plants in built up places.
Now that I have read some of the questions, I imagine it to be areas where nature and the natural world takes
priority over the built environment.
Triple bottom line planning. Cradle to grave responsibilities. Renewable resources. Eco-system conservation and
enhancement. Urban planning beyond the quick buck and/or the current electoral cycle.
Providing a landscape which shades in warmer weather and warms in cooler weather, colour, perfume, spaces to
play or recreate, shelter, food potential.
Building infrastructure in an environmentally responsible manner, which is eco sensitive and sustainable in all
stages of the project from the design through to the construction and the maintenance of the project. All outcomes
should have only positive benefits to the environment, no negative impacts.
Built structure and urban design that is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Includes small environmental
footprint for materials used as well.
The preservation of natural systems and ecosystems and/or the creation of artificial systems that mimic nature.
From reading this survey, I draw the conclusion that green infrastructure is a fancy term for parks, open spaces,
gardens, wetlands, street trees, etc.
Building living plant-based elements into city-scapes.
To assist the greater community in the understanding of Urban Heat Island, and changes in the climate.
Applying infrastructure that is beneficial to environmental and human health.
Assets which relate to open space/public realm/environment which do not necessarily utilise "hard" traditional
engineering solutions.
Connected network of 'green' assets that provide landscape and environmental values to people and places.
Living things amongst the concrete.
I understand it is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of infrastructure, that it is a separate term from grey
infrastructure, and includes all organic forms of the built environment, the role of water, the social benefits and the
economic implications.
The incorporation of vegetation, particularly trees, in the urban environment.
It relates to the use of natural resources in the public realm. e.g. green space, landscape, WSUD.
30
3.2. APPENDIX 2: PRIORITIES FOR GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Survey responses
Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3
Water capture and re-use Soft landscape and WSUD to
suppress heat island effect
Renewable energy generation
locally distributed under a
community funding arrangement
Attractive, practical and well
maintained landscaping for major
transport routes
Climate change adaptation Reduction of heat island effect
Educating professionals and the
public of the benefits
Quantitative and qualitative
assessment of the benefits
A framework for the
implementation of Green
Infrastructure initiatives
Creation of a minimum 'Green Star'
rating system for all infrastructure
projects
Ensuring planners fully comprehend
and adopt the above
Ensuring developers fully adopt -
and comply with - the above
Regulation and consultation in
relation to commercial and
residential development
Urban fauna and flora biodiversity
management including the removal
of some introduced species
Public transport
Ecological linkages across the state
and city
Properly protected through town
planning mechanisms
Properly managed for biodiversity
values
Developing a Green Infrastructure
Strategy for SA
Money/political support to improve
quality of parks/open spaces
City-wide street tree planting (large
trees)
WSUD Increased linear and connect Public
Open Space (POS)
Requirement for Green
Infrastructure to be provided
through development just as
"hard" infrastructure (e.g.
roads/sewer/water are currently
required)
Cycling and walking infrastructure Street trees Wetlands
Finalisation of policy mandating
WSUD (e.g. stormwater quality
targets)
Development of program to resource
delivery and capacity building
Education and engagement with
community (including residents,
developers etc.)
Industry awareness Legislation Cost benefits
Clear and strong political support to
influence developments
Incentives and disincentives that lead
to both new developments and
existing urban/semi-urban centres
incorporating Green Infrastructure
into design and to invest in its
maintenance
More case studies that
demonstrate the personal benefits
gained through Green
Infrastructure
Integrated water cycle management
and reconnection of the community
to the natural water cycle
Resilience to climate change
particularly variable rainfall and
increasing temperature
Human health and wellbeing
Designing streets for large trees that
maximise tree health
Allowing space in new housing blocks
for trees and gardens
Quality open spaces that include
natural areas that are informal
That it becomes standard production Efficient including costs People corridors that are also
biodiversity corridors
Clean water in our creeks and rivers Native animal habitat replacement Making green space in domestic
properties
31
Survey responses
Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3
Citizen-initiated referenda
Water Food production (SA’s own food
security) and permaculture
Biodiversity of indigenous
vegetation
Replication of the social enterprise
model for regional native flora
centres throughout the State
Street trees Open green spaces that people
WANT to visit
Urban farming
Green walkways Urban biodiversity conservation Increasing air and water quality
(including stormwater runoff)
Natural playscapes Liveable city - for both people and
biodiversity
Community growing - food or
natives
Government funding Training Resources
Bush-land preservation water capture & local dispersal Public & alternative transport
options
Reasonable green space required per
dwelling
Preservation of existing parks and
national parks, including Adelaide
Parklands
Shady street trees throughout
suburbs
Improving green corridors Water recycling and retention Recreation
Education Education Education
Review of building regulations to
encourage green architecture with
low embodied materials
Improve and encourage more
biodiversity plantings
More funding/powers for
governments to undertake weed
control
Renewable energy – solar, wind and
others
Water retention and cleaning Revegetation and weed control on
farms
Stormwater use in parks/roadside
plantings
Street trees Biodiverse urban parks
Storm water harvesting River Torrens
rejuvenation/stormwater harvesting
Community gardens Biodiversity corridors Setting aside areas as or for green
spaces
Biodiversity corridors in the urban
area
More vegetation in the built city
especially along streets/roads
Stormwater quality improvements
(more natural, not intensively
'engineered' solutions)
Stormwater harvesting Street trees Demonstration projects/data
collection/cost benefit analysis
Street tree retention and
replacement
Biodiversity corridors Community gardens Increase use of indigenous plants in
public spaces
Change planning regulations to
ensure a great emphasis is placed on
green infrastructure
Encourage local and state
government via provision of
evidence that demonstrates the
financial, social and environmental
benefits (with main focus on
economic benefits)
Ability to influence the community
to get their support to then make it
common knowledge - this will also
lead to political support
32
Survey responses
Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3
New "greenfields" urban
developments
Agricultural landscape including
roadsides
All urban areas and towns
Vertical gardens Community gardens Connected city - prioritising
pedestrian, cycling and public
transport
Wind power Solar power Water tanks on all homes - 50,000
litres at least
Stormwater harvesting and use Public transport and bike friendly
commuting
Energy efficient housing design and
construction
Enhancements of the Adelaide Park
Lands to make the less appealing
destinations more appealing - to
realise their potential
Small pocket parks in the denser
urban developments
Water harvesting
Green spaces accessible to all to
prevent nature deficit disorder
Sustainable green spaces with wide
use of native species
Green spaces as a community tool
connecting people and places
Natural vegetation and reserves Botanic gardens Home gardens
Expansion of open space network -
that is developed to be
interconnected
Incentivise private open space
including verges as a community
shared resources
Tackle fears associated with native
trees - they are not evil!
Climate change adaptation/resilience Increases activity and general health Connectivity between significant
open space areas
Biodiversity reservoir Moderating temperature, storing
water
Education
To support increased densities of
communities
To provide functioning and
purposeful space to the urban realm
To moderate the Urban Heat Island
(UHI) effect
Accountability Commitment Information to enhance
understanding. A shared definition
Biodiversity reserves and links Stormwater harvesting and
management
Encouragement of food
forests/backyard food production
33
3.3. APPENDIX 3: IDEAL URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Survey responses
See the Bowden Master Plan.
Street trees (on main roads as well as suburban streets), parks and ovals, passive surveillance of open spaces, linear
trails, open space that is well maintained and considered a community asset.
A pedestrian and cycle orientated development with access to quality open space, opportunities for play and
interaction with the natural environment. Access to a broad range of small businesses that offer unique goods and
services. Local sports clubs to participate with and support. Connectivity with the broader urban and natural
environment.
A system that integrates amenity with biodiversity, an understanding of local conditions, and energy and resource
conservation to create a vibrant and genuinely sustainable community.
Takes more than 10 minutes.
Green space is pivotal and increasingly important with modelled temperatures continuing to increase for SA. Would
like to see incentives for developers to retain Public Open Space (POS) as native vegetation. Local government
needs educating on appropriate locally native street trees and not opting for weedy species. Better use of open
space with growing food - check out the food garden outside the WA museum.
Large street trees, parks, productive gardens, walking and cycling paths.
Connected green space. Good provision of community facilities. Buffers between potential conflicting land use.
Quality public realm with well considered urban design. Logical mix of residential density. More local centres
promoting shopping/socialising locally.
Lots of street trees (critical as we go higher density over time and heat becomes more intense) with walkable paths
and a mixture of parks with community gardens. Water features would be nice too depending on the location, but
overall simple street trees and connected walkways are key to a higher amenity (and cooler) environment - makes a
huge difference.
Water sensitive, climate sensitive designed for reduced car dependence, promoting active streets and
communities. Spaces designed for the environment and people.
Cool and green.
Invites people to be outside, safe, beautiful, clean, quiet, provides sense of community and vibrancy, encourages
cycling and walking over vehicular traffic and is a safe environment to do so.
Integrated water cycle management within a catchment, water is collected, used and treated locally as much as
possible. Green open spaces that connect people and places so that people are encouraged to minimise car use.
Food production part of the urban environment.
Low population density, so every family can have their own house and garden.
No front fences, tall tree canopies, a park within walking distance that has a mix of space, informal and formal
landscaping and nature play. A borrowed landscape or view of hills or ocean.
Tall street trees with good shade. Backyards that are moderate in size but not small/tiny. Should be enough at
least for a vegie garden and relaxing in. Lots of community parks. Local native plants used for the majority of
garden landscapes (including in formal and informal design) but not exclusively - other garden designs and plants
are also important. Corridors for walking, cycling, biodiversity. Water sensitive urban design. Great public
transport infrastructure. Community gardens with vegie swap and local produce available for purchase... and a
great bakery and coffee shop within walking distance!
Creeks and rivers that flow unimpeded from their source to the sea with clean unpolluted water. With corridors
and reserves of our original flora and fauna. With more community gardens and access to learning about gardening
for all people.
True Ecological Sustainable Development with real passive solar houses built for the long term - and a low energy
future. Neighbourhood orchards and community gardens. Local food sources for building real and true Community.
Parks and gardens with indigenous vegetation zones.
34
Survey responses
I would like to live in a place which pays homage to and celebrates the local native flora and fauna which was
originally here pre European settlement. I wish to be able to celebrate and retain a "sense of place".
Plenty of open car free green space. Natural play structure, diverse environment, e.g. water, ponds etc.
Lots of 'green' of many textures, shapes and colours - all native and drought tolerant local species. Plant species
that enhance opportunities for wildlife as well as physical structures such as bird boxes, bat boxes, homes for native
bees. Lots of interconnected walkways to get around the space easily, surrounded by beautiful, safe, open spaces.
Alive, not too exposed to extremes, diverse and aesthetic, can see and hear aspects of nature in your daily living
and home.
Isolated country property surrounded by habitat.
Environmentally rather that industry driven construction. Native bushland sacrosanct, with maintenance and
additions planned. Reduction in use of cars, particularly commuters, with emphasis on public and alternative
transportation. Onsite capture and management of water. Onsite capture and management of solar. Integrated
multi-function open space incorporating recreational, sporting, amenity and biodiversity needs. High density hub
focused, urban living - Adelaide needs to "grow up" in this regard!!
Lowrise housing with minimum 30% green space per block. Lots of lawn and plants, shady street trees. Well
maintained public parks and gardens. Community gardens, green corridors with walking tracks.
Lots of local native plants and habitats, lots of shade and dedicated opportunities to walk and cycle.
Biodiverse, productive, peaceful, entertaining, social.
Biodiversity corridors. Weed and pest animal free environments. Only native (indigenous) street scape plantings.
Community gardens/fruit orchards. Garden reserves for children and animals. Recycling facilities. Infrastructure
that is "Green". Centres and offices only using energy efficient materials and promoting them to the public.
Each building to be primarily self-sufficient in energy and water - and growing some of their own food. Wall/roof
gardens and community gardens fed from their own collected water. Restoration and enhancement of farming
land. Co-ops must abound.
The ability to walk to a small safe leafy local park. That the walk route is shaded by street trees, with plantings
between the path and traffic, but allowing for crossing the road and getting in and out of parked cars.
Space, parks, lakes.
Plants and animals (e.g. birds). Natural places for people to walk and children to play. Walking and bike trails joining
communities. Limited access to cars but good public transport.
Lots of native trees, plants and animals in the suburb. Pedestrian and bike friendly streets which encourage social
interaction between neighbours. Communal spaces (parks etc.) with shade and facilities for informal
sport/picnics/playgrounds.
Green, opportunity to be active, quiet.
Green, healthy ecosystems with high educational and passive recreational opportunities.
Large mature street, shade trees that are well managed and replaced ongoing.
An urban environment which provides the community with spaces to grow food and spaces with indigenous plants
that provide habitat for local fauna.
An urban area that provides about 30% open green and blue space, with these spaces used to improve water
quality, cool the surrounding areas and provide a place to socialise. All streets with street trees, and a greater
emphasis on reinstating the natural environment into an urban area (utilising ecosystem services to improve life).
Community gardens and ability to produce local food would also be a benefit.
Energy efficient and sustainable dwelling in productive garden with wildlife and shade trees, close to park with play
space and interesting walking trails or streets.
Nearby park or green space, close walk to shops and public transport, more trams across Adelaide, i.e. up Norwood
Parade.
35
Survey responses
One which is self-sufficient in electricity, water retention, sewerage treatment, indigenous gardens, green
waste/composting, food, sustainable housing, lots of walkways and bike tracks, and like minded people.
An urban environment (one that facilitates social interaction) that incorporates large trees and pocket parks of
various sizes.
Safe urban streets with clean, wide walkable pavements. Access to at least a pocket park within 10 minutes walk
from all dwellings. Low rise housing with use of green roofs and walls for rainwater harvesting, temperature and
noise reduction. Wetlands for water recycling.
A greater proportion of garden to house on each residential block of land.
Tree lined streets, front and back yard habitat, parks featuring leafy trees, mid story and lush undergrowth. Drought
tolerant design and if I hear birds singing when I wake up in the morning and a lizard on my door step, I will know
that I have succeeded.
Trees, shrubs and groundcovers, water harvesting, reduced paved areas.
Green, open and active space/spaces.
Attractive parks, public and private green streetscapes, WSUD, integrated landscaping in all developments.
A 30% open space model with multi-functional spaces incorporating alternative and clean energy transport
including safe bike paths, conservation spaces, food production and community spaces.
36
3.4. APPENDIX 4: BARRIERS TO GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE DELIVERY
Barriers to delivery of Green Infrastructure by sector (vertical axis represents the number of respondents).
Figure A4.1: Lack of information, knowledge or skill as a barrier by sector
Figure A4.2: Regulatory impediments as a barrier by sector
37
Figure A4.3: Limited access to resources or finance as a barrier by sector
Figure A4.4: Design or construction difficulties as a barrier by sector
38
Figure A4.5: Lack of awareness or interest in community as a barrier by sector
Figure A4.6: Maintenance requirements or costs as a barrier by sector
39
Figure A4.7: Lack of political interest as a barrier by sector
Figure A4.8: Lack of incentives as a barrier by sector