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Towards a Green ICT Strategy in

the Kingdom of Bahrain

Yousif AL-Bastaki

College of IT

University of Bahrain

16 May 2012

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Environment

An important and vital issue Environmental pollution is one of the biggest enemy

of mankind in the history of humanity

Environmental pollution has become a threat to the human race – extinction

Technological and industrial progress and civilization of man threatens the lives of all living things.

Factories pour out every day huge amounts of waste and waste water into rivers and oceans, and makes it unfit for human consumption

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List of countries by 2008 emissions

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List of countries by 2010 emissions estimates

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Carbon dioxide emissions due to consumption in China

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Shared of global emissions of selected regions and countries

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Emissions in countries of the Arab world

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List of Arab countries by emissions estimates

On the Arab level and the Gulf, the rates of carbon emissions are low compared to other countries, especially Latin America and the Far East

This ratio is expected to raise if those countries did not take this matter seriously

Carbon emissions per person (metric tons) 2004

Country Emissions

Algeria 5.5

Bahrain 23.9

Egypt 2.3

Iraq 3

Jordan 2.9

Kuwait 37.1

Lebanon 4.2

Morocco 1.4

Oman 13.6

Palestine 0.2

Qatar 79.3

Saudi Arabia 13.6

Syria 3.8

Tunisia 2.3

United Arab Emirates 34.1

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List of Arab countries by emissions estimates

Carbon emissions (percentage of global total, 2004)

Country Emissions

Algeria 0.7

Bahrain 0.1

Egypt 0.5

Iraq 0.3

Jordan 0.1

Kuwait 0.3

Lebanon 0.1

Libya 0.2

Morocco 0.1

Oman 0.1

Qatar 0.2

Saudi Arabia 1.1

Syria 0.2

Tunisia 0.1

United Arab Emirates 0.5

Yemen 0.1

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As for the Arabian Gulf the emissions are as follows:

Carbon emissions per person (metric tons) 2004

Country Emissions

Bahrain 23.844

Kuwait 40.363

Oman 12.455

Qatar 69.159

Saudi Arabia 13.676

United Arab Emirates 37.768

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As for the Arabian Gulf the emissions are as follows:

Carbon emissions (percentage of global total, 2004)

Country Emissions

Bahrain 0.1

Kuwait 0.3

Oman 0.1

Qatar 0.2

Saudi Arabia 1.1

United Arab Emirates 0.5

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As for the Kingdom of Bahrain the emissions are as follows:

Bahrain: Carbon emissions per person (metric tons)

Year Emissions

2004 23.844

2003 23.663

2002 23.062

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Bahrain's carbon emissions

The proportions of carbon emissions in the Kingdom of Bahrain is very large when compared to the Arab countries

Bahrain occupies the fourth place at the level of Arab countries - a large percentage when compared to the space and Population

Needs to take this matter seriously.

Our Responsibility

It is our responsibility to estimate the Greenhouse Gases emissions from the information and communications technology (ICT) industries and to develop opportunities for ICT to contribute to a more efficient economy

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Is ICT part of the problem… … or part of the solution?

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Using ICT to

reduce

Carbon

emissions

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E-dumping

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ICT and

Carbon

emissions

ICT and environment

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The Definition of Green ICT

Green ICT is the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using and disposing of computers, servers and associated subsystems-such as monitors, printers, storage devices and networking and communications systems efficiently and effectively, with minimal or no impact on the environment.

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ICT and Environment

Computer technology use accounts for 2% of anthropogenic CO2

Roughly equivalent to aviation industry

IT energy usage will double next 4 years

However, the other 98% of global carbon emissions is crying out for solutions…

… and ICT is an important one.

Computer Energy Use

For every 12 consumers who keep power settings enabled on their monitors and PCs, CO2 emissions equivalent to removing one average automobile from the road will be avoided.

Computer Energy Use

desktop PC with a 17-inch LCD

monitor requires about 145 watts—110 watts for the computer and 35 watts for the monitor.

If left on 24x7 for one year, this same computer will consume 1,270 kilowatt hours of electricity—that’s enough to release 1,715 pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the equivalent of driving 1,886 miles in the average car!

How much energy does ICT use? UK -example

ICT uses a great deal of

energy and it is rising fast.

ICT equipment accounts for 10% of the UK’s electricity

consumption.

Non-domestic energy consumption from ICT equipment rose by 70% from 2000 – 2006 and is forecast to grow a further 40% by 2020.

How much energy does ICT use? UK -example

30% of the overall energy consumed by PCs is wasted by being left on when not in use.

1,000 PCs running 24/7 cost around

£70,000 in electricity over a year.

A third of employees in the UK don’t switch off their PCs when they leave the office at the end of the day, costing the UK £123 million a year in electricity.

If all UK businesses shut down their computers when not in use, it would contribute 10% of the Government’s Climate Change Levy target and 40% of the energy efficiency targets set by the Carbon Trust

Did You Know? More than six million PCs

were left on over Christmas 2006, consuming nearly 40 million kWh of electricity – enough to cook 30 million Turkeys.

Together with the printers

and other hardware this would have produced 19,000 tones of CO2, at a cost of around £8.6m?

Servers

It is estimated that a medium-sized server has roughly the same annual carbon footprint as an SUV vehicle doing 15 miles per gallon, covering 15,000 km16.

Data Centers

According to Forrester Research a data centre with 1000 servers will use enough electricity in a single month to power 16,800 homes for a year.

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Thin Client Conventional PC

15 Watts

150 Watts

Watts used-PC versus Thin Client

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2000 2006 2010

kWh Per Rack

ICT is part of the solution

According to the

Climate Group, the carbon footprint of the ICT sector is predicted to increase by 75% by 2020.

ICT could deliver a

15% reduction in global CO2 by 2020, delivering a cost saving in fuel, energy and the cost of carbon of over a trillion dollars.

However, smart

use of ICT could contribute a reduction in carbon emissions in other sectors that is five times greater than the carbon emitted by the ICT sector.

Dematerialization

swapping high carbon activities with low carbon alternatives such as: e-billing instead of paper

billing

teleconferencing instead of traveling to meetings and

e-media instead of producing CDs or newspapers.

Smart motors

introducing ICT to the manufacturing sector to vary the amount of energy used by production lines, rather than motors either being on or off.

Smart logistics

ICT can facilitate better communication and planning, whether this is for haulage networks or customer delivery rounds. Many return journeys of vehicles carry no product and with 80% of fleets having less than 5 vehicles, better coordination, communication and cooperation is crucial to cutting carbon.

Smart buildings

our buildings and how we use them could be far more efficient. From occupancy based lighting and heating solutions to automatic systems to capture sunlight or provide shade from unwanted warmth, ICT has a role to play.

Smart grids

India’s power generation accounted for over half the country’s carbon footprint in 2007, but a third of this was lost in transmission making it a complete waste. Demand management and smart meters will help those supplying energy run a more efficient systems, whilst interactive real-time energy displays prompt users to consider their energy consumption.

Manufacturing PC

A significant proportion of lifetime carbon emission of ICT equipment is in its manufacture. The manufacture of one PC requires about 1.7 tones of raw materials and water, and consumes over ten times the computer’s weight in fossil fuels.

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Computers and the environment problem looking for a solution?!

1. Lead in cathode ray tube 2. Arsenic in older cathode ray tubes

3. Antimony trioxide flame retardants used 4. Brominates flame retardants used in

plastic casing, cables and circuit boards 5. Selenium is also used for the average

energy supply for the circuit boards 6. Cadmium is used in circuit boards and

semiconductors 7. The use of chromium for corrosion

protection 8. Cobalt is used in steel structure 9. Mercury used in the keys

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E-Waste in American Landfills Amount of Taxicity Attributed to E-

Waste

E-Waste Toxicity in Landfills

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Computers and the environment problem looking for a solution?!

What do people do with equipment and programs and technological waste

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Computers and the environment problem looking for a solution?!

And if we believe the computer industry research firms, which says that 70% of the new PCs buyers already have computers of one kind or another

Actually there are millions of computers and hundreds of millions of supplements which are stacked in garages or some where in your home. Not surprisingly, we discovery that most of the computers are useable and only requires some minor repairs.

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Public comments

A lot of useless talk in this issue

They have the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific, and save us from the garbage

I wish that I grind and grind these machines and paved the old ways

Bin Qassim Scrapyards

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Public comments

Since I obtained my first computer 22 years ago I threw away about 15 machine and hundreds of pieces in the municipal barrel!!

I do not believe there is any organization responsible for collecting old machines???

I am only one individual, what about companies which uses thousands of devices.

Green ICT and 2030 vision

The economic vision 2030 for the Kingdom of Bahrain addressed the environmental dimension clearly

In a world where new technologies and

increased competition on the production to shorten the lifetime of the product, innovation contributes to the continued success of the economy

However, the economic growth must not come at the expense of the environment and the safety of citizens in the long run, which requires us not spare any effort in order to protect our environment and save our cultural heritage

Green ICT and 2030 vision

The basic principles of the economic vision 2030 emphasizes on the issue of procedures to protect the natural environment.

The vision encourages investment on

technologies to reduce carbon emissions, and reduce pollution and encourage the sourcing of more sustainable energy

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Green ICT and 2030 vision

From here, the interest in green technology comes to put the basic principles of economic vision - with regard to the environment - the subject of effective implementation through the development of a clear strategy to adopt green technology in the Kingdom of Bahrain over the coming years, and to achieve the main objective set out the vision 2030 Economic

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Green ICT Strategy in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Vision

Goals

Strategic Dimensions

Strategic Axes

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Vision For Kingdom of Bahrain to be the pioneer in the use

green ICT, Which takes into account the public health and safety whether at the level of individuals, groups or at the level of the general environment

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Objectives

The actual use of green ICT applications in various fields

Investment in green ICT

Strengthening the role of the private sector to ensure the successful use of green ICT

Scientific research in the field of green ICT

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Strategic Dimensions Laws and legislation

International treaties

The role of public sector

The role of privet sector

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Strategic Axes Devices and equipment

Waste Management

The financial cost

Rationalize consumption

Encourage scientific research

Awareness and education

Green ICT Strategy in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Thank you

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