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ROAD EMISSIONS

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EFFICIENT DYNAMICS

ROAD TESTS VW GOLF SE 1.6 TDI n MINI COOPER D CLUBVAN

VEHICLE REMARKETING

RESELLING LOW CARBON VEHICLES

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INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMSLowering the carbon intensity of our roads

ROAD EMISSIONS

BUDGET 2013 ALTERNATIVE FUELS

www.greenfleet.net ISSUE 63

EFFICIENT DYNAMICS

ROAD TESTS VW GOLF SE 1.6 TDI n MINI COOPER D CLUBVAN

VEHICLE REMARKETING

RESELLING LOW CARBON VEHICLES

What to bear in mind

DRIVER TRAINING

FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING

EST dishes out top tips

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RELIEF RATHER THAN JOYThe Chancellor has cancelled the 1.89p + VAT fuel duty increase scheduled for September 1 in his 2013 Budget. While this will be welcomed by the fleet industry, current prices are still averaging at 137.89p for petrol and 143.54p for diesel, which is no doubt a major sting for most fleet organisations. As Edmund King, AA president has said, drivers will welcome this news with “relief” rather than “joy”.

Angela Pisanu, Editor

The Chancellor George Osborne said: “We inherited a fuel duty escalator that would have seen above inflation increases in every year of this Parliament. We abolished the escalator and we’ve now frozen fuel duty for two years. This has not been easy. The government has foregone £6billion in revenues to date.” See our budget summary on page 15.

A visit to this year’s Arrive ‘N’ Drive will give you a taste of the latest fuel-efficient, low and zero-emission vehicles on the market with all the major names in manufacturing in attendance. And for the first time, ACFO will be holding its annual Conference and AGM there. To register, visit www.arrivendrive.greenfleet.net. I hope to see you there.

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3 Volume 63 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE

Contents

CONTENTS GREENFLEET 63

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06 GREENFLEET NEWS Battery leasing means CAP still can’t give residual values on Renault’s EV range; US techies claim hydrogen breakthrough; IPPR wants ‘green badge’ scheme to encourage EV uptake 15 FINANCE A summary of the main motoring changes in the budget announcement 18 INTERVIEW: BMW GreenFleet editor Angela Pisanu talks to BMW Group’s fleet boss Stephen Chater 24 ALTERNATIVE FUELS What alternative-fuel options are out there for fleets? The Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership reports 27 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Can Intelligent Transport Systems help reduce road emissions? The International Road Federation investigates 29 VEHICLE RE-MARKETING John Davies, chairman of the Vehicle Remarketing Association gives advice about selling on ex-fleet vehicles that are low or zero-carbon

31 TELEMATICS John Leggett summarises key areas where in-car connectivity is predicted to take off within the next ten years 32 ARRIVE ‘N’ DRIVE As well as test drive opportunities, this year’s Arrive ‘N’ Drive event at Rockingham will also host ACFO’s annual conference and AGM 36 ECO-DRIVING The Energy Saving Trust’s Bob Saynor explains the science behind fuel efficient driving techniques 38 ROAD TEST: VW GOLF SE 1.6 TDI Just how economical is the latest Volkswagen Golf? Richard Gooding finds out

40 ROAD TEST: MINI COOPER D CLUBVAN Roland Rendell finds the Mini Cooper D Clubvan a stylish commercial option for fleets 42 PRODUCT FINDER Directory of fleet products and services

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GOVERNMENT POLICY

NEWS IN BRIEFUS boffins claim Hydrogen breakthroughBioengineers at Virginia Tech in the US claim to have developed an efficient method to extract large quantities of hydrogen from plant material – a move that hints at powering cars from agricultural waste. The cocktail of enzymes works under mild reaction conditions at 50°C and normal atmospheric pressure to liberate high-purity hydrogen from xylose – a sugar that makes up as much as 30 per cent of plant cell walls. The enzymes are taken from microorganisms that thrive at extreme temperatures, and produce three times as much hydrogen than other natural or engineered micro-organisms, the team claims.

Pay-as-you-go charging on its way to YorkYork is to become the first city in the UK with a network of pay-as-you-go charging points for EVs. The stations will be installed in car parks and ‘park and ride’ sites, and join the 12 charging points already spread out across the city, which are free, but mostly hidden in private hotel car parks. The a pay-as-you-go scheme will allow users to pay with their mobile phone or a text message, similar to York’s existing setup for parking ticket payments. The council also hopes they’ll be able to offer users a way to track their usage in the coming months.

Tesla Model S scoops global green awardThe Tesla Model S all-electric has been awarded the World Green Car 2013 title at the New York International Motor Show. From an initial entry list of 21vehicles, the Tesla Model S, the Renault Zoe and the VolvoV60 Plug-in Hybrid made the top three.

IPPR calls for green badge schemeThe Government should set up a ‘green badge scheme’ to encourage the use of ultra low emission vehicles, according to a forthcoming report by think tank IPPR. The report suggests that the scheme should mirror the current blue badge scheme for disabled drivers run by local authorities, and provide benefits for drivers.

The report argues that EVs drivers should receive a range of advantages, including free parking in public car parks, as well the right to park in double red or yellow line areas. The IPPR recommends that local authorities finance these privileges using parking fees charged to drivers of traditional vehicles.

The report also argues that badge holders should be exempt from any city congestion charges, and should also be allowed to use toll roads, such as the M6 Toll and the Severn Bridge, without charge. Will Straw, IPPR associate director, said: “Although early days, Britain is currently behind other European countries in terms of the take up of electric cars and other ultra low emission vehicles. A ‘green badge’ scheme would give a boost to the industry and supporting other government policies like the ‘plug-in’ grant.”

EV NEWS

CAP urges Renault to abandon ‘battery not included’ policyAutomotive industry analysts CAP has reaffirmed its decision not to forecast used values for Renault electric vehicles until the battery is included, rather than leased separately.

New Benefit In Kind tax rules for company car drivers will see the Renault Zoe’s battery replacement cost added to the car’s list price for P11D purposes. According to Fleet News, CAP has been in discussion with Renault over the issue of forecasting used values for a vehicle for which the battery is leased separately from the car. CAP’s forecasters have maintained that it is not possible to forecast the value of a vehicle with no intrinsic source of power, likening it to forecasting the value of a conventional car with no engine.

Under the rules, which come into force in 2015, a company car driver choosing a Renault ZOE would pay BIK tax on the full list price of the car before the government’s £5K plug-in grant is deducted. The driver would also pay BIK on the value of the battery, which Fleet News understands to be currently £7,392 including VAT for the model in Renault’s ZOE.

CAP believes HMRC has made a fair decision by including the battery in the BIK equation and argues that Renault should reconsider its position.

CAP’s manufacturer relationship manager Martin Ward, said: “HMRC’s decision to base the BIK on the total is only fair, otherwise Ford, for example, could deflate the P11D value of a Mondeo by excluding the engine.

“Our frustration with Renault’s approach is based on the fact that we believe the ZOE is a very good car that isn’t getting a chance in the all-important fleet market.”

“We have every confidence in the quality and reliability of the ZOE. We have seen it, driven it, lived with it and its 90 mile range means it definitely has a place in fleets for shorter range driving purposes. But until Renault removes the layer of complexity caused by treating the battery as a separate entity to the car, CAP will

be unable to forecast its used values. And now it has emerged that HMRC is including the battery for BIK purposes the Zoe no longer has such an attractive P11D value for potential company car drivers.

“In our opinion it is now time for Renault to give some great electric vehicles they have worked hard to develop and refine a real chance in the company car market by abandoning its ‘battery not included’ policy.”

However, Dr Ben Lane, managing editor of Next Green Car, has welcomed Renault’s battery leasing approach as it effectively reduces the additional capital costs of EVs and spreads the costs across the lifetime of the vehicle. He stated: “Any system of vehicle financing that brings the up-front price of EVs closer to the costs of conventional cars should be applauded and used to help drive EV sales.

“The real issue here is not that the battery price forms part of the P11D price, its that HMRC has decided to remove the zero BIK rating for battery electric cars from 2015, at a time when the market will still be fragile. “If the Government wants to see significant numbers of EVs on UK roads in years to come, it needs to reinstate 0 per cent BIK rate for EVs until at least 2020 to give company car and fleet EV sales a chance to grow beyond the ultra-early adopters.”

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Renault ZOE


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The C-Class Executive SE Coupé. Just 109g/km*.

Official government fuel consumption figures in mpg (litres per 100km) for the C-Class Coupé range: urban 15.5(18.2)–54.3(5.2), extra urban 33.6(8.4)–80.7(3.5), combined 23.5(12.0)–68.9(4.1). CO2 emissions: 280–109 g/km. *Based on C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY Executive SE Coupé. Model featured is a C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY Executive SE Coupé at £31,465.00 including optional metallic paint at £645.00 (OTR Prices Inc, VAT, delivery, 12 months’ Road Fund Licence, number plates, first registration fee and fuel). Some combinations of features/options may not be available. Please contact your Mercedes-Benz Retailer for availability. Price correct at time of going to print.

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SMMT data suggests UK new car registrations rose 5.9 per cent in March with 394,806 registrations of 13-plate cars. March marked the 13th consecutive month of growth in new car registrations, with volumes at the highest since 2010 when the Scrappage Incentive Scheme supported the market. “UK new car registrations out-performed expectations in March, the first month of the new 13-plate” said SMMT interim chief executive Mike Baunton. “Despite ongoing economic concerns, consistent monthly growth in the market is an encouraging sign of returning consumer confidence as motorists are attracted to forecourts by new models and the latest technologies.” The SMMT says that the market’s growth over the past 13 months has been supported by increases in private registrations, although all sales types reported growth in March and the first quarter as a whole. The Ford Fiesta was the best selling model in both March (22,748 units) and Q1 (34,309 units). In March, it was followed by the Vauxhall Corsa and Ford Focus, with 16,169 and 15,434

registrations respectively. These two were also in the top three sellers for Q1, but with Ford taking the top two places. On the commercial side, van registrations increased 11.5 per cent to 43,684 in March, and grew 11.7 per cent during Q1 2013. However, truck registrations declined 15.1 per cent to 4,991 units in the month and fell 16.7 per cent for the year so far. “Overall CV registrations continue to perform positively with the market increasing 8.1 per cent in March, boosted by an uplift in van demand,” said Nigel Base, SMMT commercial vehicle manager. “Truck demand remains weak, but this could be indicative of delayed purchasing decisions ahead of the introduction of new Euro 6 legislation later this year. Next week kicks off with the 2013 CV Show at the NEC and this will provide operators with an excellent opportunity to explore the latest models as we welcome a number of high-profile world debuts and product launches.”

NEWS IN BRIEF

Nissan e-NV200 debuts at CV ShowNissan’s first 100 per cent electric van, the e-NV200, makes its UK debut at the Commercial Vehicle Show this April. Also on the Nissan stand will be the NV200 taxi, Nissan’s vision for the future of the London ‘black cab’. The NV200 taxi is based on the company’s multi-purpose NV200 compact van and redesigned to fully comply with the host of TfL Taxi Conditions of Fitness. As well as seating to comfortably accommodate five passengers, the NV200 Taxi has also been modified to accommodate a wheel chair passenger and achieve a 25ft (7.6m) turning-circle – a legal requirement for all Hackney Carriages.

Gerry Keaney named as new BVRLA chief execGerry Keaney has been appointed as the new chief executive of the British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association (BVRLA). Keaney has wealth of experience in the

automotive industry having started his career at British Leyland and subsequently spending 21 years at Volvo Cars. Current chief executive John Lewis will be stepping down after leading the association for 13 years, but will assume a new part-time role as the BVRLA’s director of external affairs.

Mercedes B-Class goes electricMercedes-Benz unveiled the B-Class Electric Drive at the 2013 New York International Motor Show. According to the NEDC cycle, the electric range is just under 125 miles, meaning that this electric vehicle can be

used for shorter urban journeys as well as longer trips, and will cover most commuter distances. Recharging takes place from a standard domestic 3-pin charging socket – at 240V a two hour charge would return a driving range of around 60 miles.

Center Parcs takes delivery of the Kangoo Z.E.Holiday operator Center Parcs has taken delivery of 22 all-electric Renault Kangoo Maxi Van Z.Es which were handed over recently at the Sherwood Forest resort. The zero emission vehicles will be used across Center Parcs resorts including, Elveden Forest, Longleat Forest and Whinfell Forest and the forthcoming resort at Woburn Forest. The EVs form part of a fleet of 150 vehicles and will be used by the technical services and maintenance division and the ‘Dining-In’ takeaway delivery operation which transports food and beverages to guests.

New car sales momentum continues in March

UK CAR SALES

New research has found motorists in Bristol and Belfast now face the heaviest traffic jams in Britain. The figures, which were compiled by sat nav provider Tom Tom for its annual Congestion Index, found that journeys in Northern Ireland’s capital take 32.1 per cent longer than if traffic moved freely. Motorists face similar delays in Bristol, with drivers dealing with 31 per cent being added on to their travelling time around the city. Ralf-Peter Schafer, Tom Tom’s head of traffic, explained the benefits of their Congestion Index to Green Car Website: “This detailed knowledge of the road network, helps businesses and governments make more informed decisions

about how best to tackle and avoid congestion. Our traffic database contains over six trillion data measurements. This helps us determine which routes are the least busy and what times of day are best.” London is the third worst city in Britain for traffic, with its congestion charge meaning driver’s journeys take 27.5 per cent longer than in free-flowing traffic. People in Leeds face 26.2 per cent longer journeys whilst Manchester motorists are affected by 24.2 per cent delays. Glasgow experiences the shortest additional time with 18.3 per cent being added to the journey time.

Bristol and Belfast face worst congestion problems

CONGESTION

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(l to r) Andy Heiron, head of EV programme at Renault and Paul Kent, operations and development director at Center Parcs

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Official government fuel consumption figures in mpg (litres per 100km) for the C-Class Coupé range: urban 15.5(18.2)–54.3(5.2), extra urban 33.6(8.4)–80.7(3.5), combined 23.5(12.0)–68.9(4.1). CO2 emissions: 280–109 g/km. *Based on C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY Executive SE Coupé. Model featured is a C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY Executive SE Coupé at £31,465.00 including optional metallic paint at £645.00 (OTR Prices Inc, VAT, delivery, 12 months’ Road Fund Licence, number plates, first registration fee and fuel). Some combinations of features/options may not be available. Please contact your Mercedes-Benz Retailer for availability. Price correct at time of going to print.

Path:Production:Clients:Mercedes - MER:644059:Studio:644059-13_MER_GreenFleet_1502.inddTrim: 297x210mm Bleed: 3mm

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No, not a misprint. 109g/km*.The C-Class Executive SE Coupé has it all: high specification, performance and distinct styling. And, with just 109g/km*, it’s our most efficient Coupé yet. Take another look.

mercedes-benz.co.uk/fleet

New Forest to offer electric Twizys for visitors

EVs

The New Forest is the country’s first destination to offer a fleet of Twizy electric vehicles with a comprehensive charge point network as a fun and innovative way to explore its stunning scenery. The Twizy two-seaters will offer a truly ‘green’ stay for visitors who can arrive at the main train station at Brockenhurst, hire a Twizy and make use of a network of 20 charge points at hotels, B&Bs, holiday parks and attractions throughout the New Forest.

The funky electric vehicles can reach a top speed of 50mph and travel for up to 62 miles after charging as they drive around the New Forest’s pretty towns, villages and panoramic coastline saving money and carbon all day long. The £49-a-day Twizy rental package comes with a Brand New Forest Card which offers hundreds of discounts at pubs, restaurants and attractions which are part of the charge point network.

Six of the charge points are at Fullers pubs, while others include Cycle Experience bike hire and New Forest Activities, where you can leave your Twizy charging while you take part in the activities.

Renault has announced it will offer a free domestic charging point with every purchase of its flagship electric vehicle, ZOE.

The free Single Wall-box, supplied and installed by British Gas is available both to new customers, as well as those who’ve already pre-ordered ZOE.

This offer makes the most of the recently announced 75 per cent support on domestic Wall-box installations as part of the government’s £37m grant funding to increase take up of electric vehicles, with Renault contributing the remaining 25 per cent. The ground-breaking offer will save a typical customer up to £500.company car tax savings in the near term. Managing director Martin Brown said:

“We believe hybrids have a growing role to play in near-term company car policy, at least while the 3 per cent diesel supplement remains in place, providing drivers with conventionally sized company cars but minus the tax bill.”

Renault to offer free domestic charging box with every ZOE

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SMMT backs major campaign to reduce the number of MoT failures

A nationwide campaign to help motorists reduce MoT failures, backed by 5,545 manufacturer main dealers, has been launched across the UK.

Research from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) indicates that around 1.5 million MoT failures each year

could be avoided if motorists notify the dealer of simple problems with the vehicle before the annual roadworthiness test is carried out. In the biggest campaign of its type, 5,545 manufacturer main dealers will be giving guidance to motorists on the simple pre-MoT visual checks they can carry out on their own car.

Taking just a ‘Minute Or Two’, the 10-step checklist takes vehicle owners through a series of quick-and-easy checks – from headlights and tyres to windscreen wipers and fluid levels. By forewarning the dealership of any required work in advance of the MoT, motorists can then give their vehicle the best chance of passing the test first time around. The full ‘Minute Or Two’ checklist can be viewed at www.passmymot.co.uk, where visitors can also use a Garage Finder tool to locate their nearest dealer.

“The message that we are keen to get across to motorists is that an MoT fail could very easily be avoided if a simple visual check is carried out beforehand,” explains Mike Baunton, SMMT Interim Chief Executive. “Technicians at manufacturer main dealerships across the UK are ready and willing to help vehicle owners carry out the visual inspection before the test, and to rectify any issues before conducting a manufacturer-guaranteed MoT.”

ALTERNATIVE FUELS

Toyota joins London Hydrogen PartnershipToyota has joined the Mayor of London’s London Hydrogen Partnership (LHP), a public-private partnership that accelerates the commercialisation of hydrogen fuel cell technologies in London. Over the last few years the LHP has initiated over £50 million worth of hydrogen projects; rolling-out new hydrogen buses, taxis, scooters, refueling stations, materials handling vehicles and fuel cell Combined Heat and Power units to London.

Deputy Mayor, Kit Malthouse (pictured below left with Toyota’s Katsuhiko Hirose), said: “We want Toyota and the London Hydrogen Partnership to develop a roadmap for fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen refueling station rollout. Toyota will provide invaluable insights and bring global experience to the Mayor’s innovative ‘smart’ low carbon low emission transport activities. I welcome their commitment to London’s positive economic future.”

Self-service: manufacturer main dealers will advise motorists on simple pre-MoT visual checks to make before the test itself





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Hyundai has designed a egg-shaped concept vehicle at the Seoul MoTor Show, in South Korea.

The ‘E4U’ is an oval-shaped, open-topped single person ‘scooter’ similar to a Segway.

But doing away with the traditional two-wheel design, the prototype instead uses a ‘rotating semispherical part’ – which looks like the lower half of a sphere and is constantly rotating.

The driver stands on a small platform and directs the vehicle by tilting it so that different sides of the semisphere contact the ground.

Hyundai’s one-person egg car with no wheels

CONCEPT VEHICLES

It’s clear that the government has a soft spot for the autoMoTive sector right now. One of the economy’s few bright areas, the sector has delivered good progress on emissions (down again – by 3.6 per cent last year according to the SMMT) and – probably more significant for the government at this point – stimulating high-tech investments and exports.

In his recent Budget, the Chancellor announced further funding for the car sector to support innovation. (Details will emerge in the summer as a part of the AutoMoTive Sector Strategy). There was also some further encouraging news for fleet and business users of lower carbon cars.

Two new Company Car Tax (CCT) bands will be introduced from April 2015. The two new bands will be at 0-50g/km of carbon dioxide and 51-75g/km CO2. To help businesses plan more effectively, in future years CCT rates will be announced three years in advance.

On capital allowances for ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEV) cars used for business, the Chancellor had already said that the 100 per cent First Year Allowance would be extended until 2015 for cars emitting 95g/km CO2. In the latest Budget he announced a further three year extension – to 2018 – for cars emitting 75g/km CO2 or less. This will maintain the financial incentive for businesses to purchase (though not lease) ULEVs.

New tax rules were already scheduled to take effect this month which the Fleet Alliance says make a compelling case for including hybrid vehicles, in particular, in fleet policies.

A report from Cambridge Econometrics also caught my eye this month. The study says that while European regulations on cars and CO2 will add to producers’ costs, this will be more than paid back in reduced costs for vehicle users and will also provide a boost to the economy and jobs.

All the key signals, I think, point to the fact that future policy is going to provide more and more encouragement to business and other users to adopt low carbon vehicles.

The LowCVP 2013 Annual Conference will take place on Thursday 11 July, central London. For more information visit www.lowcvp.org.uk

FURTHER INFORMATIONwww.lowcvp.org.uk

Andy Eastlake is managing director of the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership (LowCVP)

Andy EastlakeChancellor signals support for low carbon transport

Hyundai E4U: brings a whole new meaning to ‘going to work on an egg’

An electric car which could potentially do 1,000 miles is set for release in 2013, online MoToring magazine MoTortrades Insight has revealed.

“I can tell you that there will be a vehicle that will do Land’s End to John O’Groats on a single charge next year,” said Ian Hobday, CEO of UK electric car manufacturers, Liberty Electric Cars.

The vehicle will be capable of a range between 837 to 1,000 miles – four times the

1,000 mile electric car in development

EV DEVELOPMENT

furthest range of electric cars currently available on the market. Potentially a car would be capable of reaching far into Europe without need for a recharge.

The battery technology has been developed by Metalectrique Ltd using proprietary metal-air electric power technologies. The revolutionary technology means that long range electric-only vehicles could finally become a reality for the mass-consumer car market.

A project that aims to solve the potential impact that the recharging of electric vehicles (EVs) may have on the local electricity network, is now officially underway following final sign-off by Ofgem.

As sales of electric vehicles increase, there is a need to assess the potential impact that a cluster of EVs may have in a local area served by one electricity substation. In the event of all EVs being recharged at the same time, and without any preparation,

Project to assess the impact of EV charging on the grid

EV CHARGING

the load on the local electricity network may exceed the substation capacity.

The project, My Electric Avenue, is looking for ten ‘electric avenues’ – groups or ‘clusters’ of ten people or more – where each person will drive an electric car for 18 months to trial a new technology which will monitor and control the electricity used when the car is being charged.

Find out more about the project at www.MyElectricAvenue.info

BUSINESS SUITEDAND BOOTED.

the new mini paceman.With remarkable boot space up to 1,080 litres and impressive standard spec that includes Bluetooth, DAB radio and 16" alloys, the stylish, yet practical MINI Paceman is a coupé tailor-made for your fleet. The figures also make it a smart choice for corporate with fuel consumption up to 64.2mpg (combined) and CO₂ emissions from just 115g/km for only 18% BIK. For more information, visit www.mini.co.uk/minipaceman

Official Fuel Economy Figures for the MINI Paceman Range: Urban 26.4-60.1mpg (10.7-4.7l/100km). Extra Urban 44.8-67.3mpg (6.3-4.2l/100km). Combined 35.8-64.2mpg (7.9-4.4l/100km). CO₂ Emissions 184-115g/km. MINI Corporate Sales

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The offi cial fuel consumption fi gures in mpg (l/100km) for ZOE are Urban n/a (n/a); Extra Urban n/a (n/a); Combined n/a (n/a). The offi cial CO2 emissions fi gure is 0g/km.ZOE is NEDC† homologated with a range of 130 miles. However, in real use the range of electric vehicles is in� uenced by several factors, including speed, driving manner, road pro� le, use of heating or air conditioning, external temperature. Some of these are in the driver’s hands. To optimise your range, you should consider these factors. For example, for a suburban trip, the range will be around 62 miles in winter conditions and 93 in temperate conditions. †NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) is a standard European measurement of emissions and consumption based on the rolling road test. It is the same standard for petrol and diesel engines and electric cars. It is an objective way to measure the performance gaps between competition models. The car is tested on a rolling road, undertaking the same Urban cycle (ECE-15 cycle) four times, then the Extra Urban cycle once. The average of these 5 cycles decides the NEDC range. 4+ package is included as standard on eligible vehicles. The value of the package (with the exception of Twizy) is based on £80 for 4-year Roadside Assistance cover and between £305 and £720 for 4-year warranty cover, depending on the Renault model. Servicing also varies from £589 to £1,214 depending on vehicle and servicing in line with manufacturer’s minimum maintenance programme based on an average national hourly labour rate of £70. Figures for illustrative purposes only. No cash alternative. Visit www.renault.co.uk/4plus.

FOR MORE INFORMATIONON THE RENAULT ZOE VISITRENAULT.CO.UK/ZOE DRIVE THE CHANGE

SHE’S ELECTRIC

0% BENEFIT IN KIND

ZERO ROAD TAX

ZERO CONGESTION CHARGE

The Chancellor’s 2013 Budget introduced two new tax bands: 0-50g/km CO2 and 51-75g/km. The appropriate percentages for these bands remain at 0 per cent until 31 March 2015. After that date, the rates for 0-50g/km vehicles are 5 per cent in 2015-16 and 7 per cent in 2016-17. For 51-75 g/km vehicles the rates are 9 per cent and 11 per cent respectively. Prior to this announcement, BIK rates for plug-in vehicles would have leaped to 13 per cent in 2015 and risen again a year later. Compared to the previously stated rates, this will reduce employer National Insurance contributions and employee company car tax payments. ACFO’s Julie Jenner believes that while concession is welcome news, it is not enough to drive up the uptake of electric and ultra-low emission vehilces: “Corporate demand for electric company cars remains extremely low except in some niche operations. We believe that despite the Chancellor’s tax concession that will not change unless there are significant improvements in vehicle range and the price of electric cars significantly reduces.”

But Transport Minister Norman Baker believes this will add to the existing incentives for green vehicles to make them more appealing: “The measures the Chancellor has announced could save ultra-low emission motorists

thousands in tax compared to driving an equivalent petrol vehicle.

“Coupled with exceptionally low running

costs and the other support that we are already providing, this helps to make these vehicles an attractive alternative to their conventional

counterparts.” The BVRLA commented:

“This decision to rethink the benefit-in-kind thresholds

on low-emission company cars will ensure they remain an attractive

proposition for company car drivers. The market for plug-in vehicles is growing but confidence in this new technology, particularly the costs involved, remains fragile. This move will reassure thousands of potential drivers.”

FUEL DUTYThe fuel duty increase planned for 1 September 2013 has been cancelled. It means that fuel duty will have been

frozen for nearly three and half years, the longest duty freeze for over 20 years, according to the government. Edmund King, AA president, said: “A September fuel duty hike would have been the last straw likely to break UK drivers’ budgets and would have led to a summer of discontent. The freeze is a pragmatic move and will bring some relief at the pumps.” ACFO’s Julie Jenner said: “The move does not stop forecourt prices from rising in the future at the whim of suppliers. “What the Chancellor really needed to do to give business and consumers a real boost was to cut fuel duty, not simply cancel a planned future tax increase.”

WRITING DOWN ALLOWANCEThe first year allowance of 100 per cent has been extended for an additional three years to 31 March 2018, although from April 2015 the threshold of 95 g/km will reduce to 75 g/km.

As previously announced, there are changes to the first year Writing Down Allowance thresholds for outright purchased vehicles, as well as changes to the Lease Rental Restriction threshold which is reduced from 160g/km to 130g/km. From April, the government will remove the ability to claim 100 per cent first year capital allowances on low emission leased cars, while retaining it for direct purchasers. The reason, the government sites, is to stop companies leasing UK vehicles into other countries using the allowances. The BVRLA commented: “Thousands of businesses, particularly SMEs, rely on leasing to acquire their cars because they can’t raise the finance elsewhere. This decision to remove 100 per cent First-Year Allowances won’t stop them leasing, but it will result in them choosing cheaper cars with higher CO2 emissions. In effect, the government is hindering the momentum towards greener motoring. We think overall car emissions in the UK could rise as a result over the next year.”

FURTHER ANNOUCEMENTSIn 2015-16 the duty differential between the main rate of fuel duty and the rate for compressed natural gas will be maintained, and the duty differential for liquefied petroleum gas will be reduced by the equivalent of 1 penny per litre. Fuel Benefit Charge rises to £21,100 for cars and £564 for vans for 2013-14 and will increase by RPI in April 2014 for cars and vans, based on September 2013 RPI. The van benefit charge will remain at £3,000 for 2013-14, and will then increase by RPI (as above) from 2014. VED for HGVs has been frozen for 2013-14. L

FURTHER INFORMATIONThe full 2013 Budget can be found at www.hm-treasury.gov.uk

BUDGET 2013

GET BUDGETINGAs well as freezing fuel duty, the 2013 Budget included significant changes to BIK rates for low emission vehicles. So what does this mean for your fleet?

Finance

The Budget

included changes

to Benefit-In-Kind

(BIK) rates which will

impact plug-in

and other

low-emission

vehicles



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MISSION ZERO-EMISSIONBMW Group’s fleet boss Stephen Chater shares his holistic vision of future, zero-emission mobility

BMW GROUP

Futuristic: the BMW i3 has a revolutionary

new vehicle architecture using lightweight materials

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Rather than advocating just one type of technology, BMW Group realises everyone’s transport needs are different and that no one technology will fit everyone. A flick through BMW Group’s EfficientDynamics portfolio shows just how diverse their vehicles are. Hybrids, pure electric, plug in hybrids and range extender vehicles of all shapes and sizes sit comfortably alongside traditional, yet frugal diesel and petrol engines. “All these different transmissions and power trains come under our Efficient Dynamics banner, which is the umbrella term for our whole approach to ultimately sustainable mobility,” explains Stephen Chater, BMW Group’s corporate operations manager. “We’ve taken a holistic approach, understanding that no one mobility solution will meet everyone’s needs.”

BORN ELECTRICA key car within BMW Group’s overall EfficientDynamics development and strategy is the i3, due to be launched later this year. A fully-electric, premium quality car, its design is based on the results from two intensive trials – the MINI E and Active E – which saw 1,000 people in ten countries evaluate electric cars in the real world. In today’s emission-conscious society, electric vehicles are no longer a stranger to the roads. So what will make the i3 different from other electric vehicles on the market? Chater explains: “Many of the electric cars on the market are conventional designs that have been converted so you still have constraints in terms of weight, which starts to impact on performance and range. The i3 will have a revolutionary new vehicle architecture with lightweight materials such as aluminum and carbon fibre reinforced plastic – used for the first time in automotive production. This will give a much lighter base level so even when you add in your battery and motor the overall weight is still considerably less than the conventional car in the case of the i3, almost 25 per cent less than the Nissan Leaf. The car has imaginative new technology that will maximize range. Anyone that’s ever driven an electric vehicle in the winter will know that the battery, and therefore range, can be hampered by the cold. The i3 therefore is due to have an intelligent heating and cooling system to keep the battery at an optimal operating temperature as well as the ability to heat and cool the cabin before setting off. It has other clever wizardry too, like navigation which can work out hill gradients on the route to give an even more realistic range expectation and live availability of charging stations. For those who need additional reassurance, the i3 will also be offered with a range extender which can provide double the range, kicking

in if the state of battery charge reaches a low level. “And of course you still retain the premium quality, dynamic and enjoyable drive you’d expect from a BMW,” adds Chater.

BEYOND A TO BBMW Group realises that getting you from A to B with reduced emissions may require more than one mode of transport. Through the i3’s connected drive platform, you could work out a route that would enable you to drive an electric car to a city where there’s a charge point, for example, and get the train for the remainder of the journey. And upon your return, the car would be fully charged. “We believe in the future you shouldn’t be constrained to one mode of transport,” says Chater. “The use of smart technologies can really help people get the most out of overall mobility solutions.”

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEBut for the foreseeable future, BMW Group sees the internal combustion engine as the main vehicle choice for fleets and consumers and believes there’s a lot further the company can go in terms of achieving even greater fuel efficiency. So what’s up their sleeve for traditional diesel and petrol engines? The

BMW lab techies are continuously laboring over new technologies

for greener motoring. But it’s no easy task. Chater puts it in perspective: “To save just 1g/km of CO2 emissions you’ve got to make a weight saving in the region of 30kg which is becoming increasingly difficult

as consumers demand higher specs and more

product substance. So you’ve got to innovate. New features

such as Aero-curtains and Air breathers, which reduce the drag around

the wheels for better aerodynamics, can result in improvements of between 1-3g/km.” BMW Group has already got over 300 models under 160g/km CO2 emissions and 57 below 120g/km appealing to a broad range of customers. Arguably its flagship car within the EfficientDynamics range, the 320d Saloon is a premium, high performance car with a super-efficient engine, and the latest generation enjoys even greater improvements. Chater explains: “With the new 3 series we’ve

built a bigger car given it a higher spec with better and stronger performance – but we have maintained the impressive emission level at 109g/km and fuel consumption at 68.9mpg even with automatic transmission.” The BMW range now comes with an option to select ECO PRO driving mode, this can reduce fuel consumption by up to 20 per cent. The intelligent system tells you if you’re accelerating too aggressively and for maximum energy efficiency, automatic transmissions will shift even faster in higher gears and automatic air conditioning will be subject to energy-optimised settings. It’s not just tailpipe emissions that BMW Group are concerned with either. “We have stringent carbon emission targets for the whole well-to-wheel value chain. Whether it’s our hydro-powered station for carbon fibre, or wind-power for our Leipzig BMW i vehicle plant, as a company we aim to operate in the greenest possible way.” And the proof is in the pudding: for eight years running, BMW Group has been listed as the world‘s most sustainable automobile manufacturer on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index and is even about to improve on its own benchmarks.

FLEET APPEALYear after year, BMW Group’s trophy cabinet gets fuller and fuller with fleet awards, including GreenFleet’s own Fleet Car Manufacturer of the Year award for five years running. These awards are testament to the manufacturer’s sustained success within the fleet and business car segment. So what’s the strategy behind this great achievement? “It’s a combination of factors,” says Chater. “The product itself is very appealing, with compelling performance and engine efficiency. And critically for the fleet sector, our products are reliable – we have recently been voted as producing the most reliable company cars in the UK, according to a survey of the 50 largest contract hire and leasing companies. And together with MINI, we have such a broad range of products which appeals to a wide number of organisations.” Continuing to focus on the customer is another key factor to its fleet success, says Chater. At the end of last year, BMW launched a new Aftersales Corporate Charter which is a list of 10 key customer commitments with the aim of further strengthening the relationship between leasing companies in the UK and the BMW dealer network. The charter covers everything from collection and delivery during service, to the disposal of parts, ensuring that every customer gets a consistent level of service. “The Corporate Charter is really about setting out expectations and standards in the service that we will provide to corporate customers. We listen and work with clients to really meet their business needs and that is something I am passionate about,” concludes Chater. L

FURTHER INFORMATIONwww.bmwcorporate.co.ukwww.bmw-i.co.uk

Interivew

BMW Group’s

trophy cabinet

gets fuller with

fleet awards, which

are testament to its

sustained success

within the fleet

segment

Holistic approach: ‘BMW understands that no one mobility solution will meet everyone’s needs,’ says BMW’s corporate operations manager, Stephen Chater



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The historical domination of petrol and diesel in the transport fuels market is likely to continue for some time, but vehicle fleets powered by alternative fuels are becoming increasingly commonplace in the UK and elsewhere. A combination of European regulation, tax incentives (introduced at national level to support regulation), fuel price increases and the wider availability of alternative vehicle and refuelling technologies is driving this wider adoption.

SIFTING THROUGH THE OPTIONSThere are a number of different options to look at when investigating greener fuels, dependent on fleet type and usage. But the most prominent – and likely

to be most practical for many – is electricity. For specific situations, natural gas – or biomethane – may also be an option, especially for depot-based fleets. Biofuels (biodiesel and bioethanol) derived from crops and waste products are already present – at up to five per cent volume – in diesel and petrol and the proportion may increase in future, depending on the course of European legislation.

For the enthusiastic early adopter, hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles

have long-term potential. There have been limited fleet

trials to date but logistics are relatively complex and costs high, though these can be borne by other stakeholders. Commercial Group has the only commercial

fleet in the UK to have

adopted hydrogen as an alternative fuel. The company operates one hydrogen van and an innovative electrolyser-based hydrogen refuelling system powered by solar panels.

ELECTRIC POWERElectricity used to power plug-in hybrid and pure battery electric vehicles can significantly cut tailpipe greenhouse gas emissions, as well as reducing – or eliminating – local pollution and noise.

The carbon intensity of electricity generation, of course, influences the life-cycle emissions of electric vehicles. A reduction in life-cycle carbon emissions of over 50 per cent is currently possible based on UK average grid factors.

Moreover, electricity is widely available across the UK and further decarbonisation of the grid is planned over the coming decades, driven by regulation and legislation to support carbon plan targets.

GREEN FUELS

WHAT’S THE ALTERNATIVE?Rocketing diesel and petrol prices mean that more and more fleet managers are investigating alternative fuels to power their vehicles. Gloria Esposito and Neil Wallis from the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership (LowCVP) sum up some greener fuel options

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uels

A reduction

in EV life-cycle

carbon emissions of

over 50 per

cent is currently

possible on UK

average grid

factors



DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.netAlternative Fuels

One of the challenges of adopting natural gas or biomethane is the limited availability of publicly accessible compressed natural gas (CNG) refuelling infrastructure, though some fleet operators offer third-party access to their refuelling stations. The London Borough of Camden and Howard Tenens, for example, offer access to supplies of biomethane

INCENTIVES TO PLUG-INFrom the fleet operator’s viewpoint, the financial case for adoption plug-in hybrid or battery electric vehicles is becoming increasingly attractive. The government’s Plug-in Car Grant offers 25 per cent, or up to £5,000, as a subsidy on the purchase of new electric cars, and the number of vehicle choices are growing. Unsubsidised vehicle costs are also falling. Nissan, which has just begun producing the electric Leaf in Sunderland, recently announced a price reduction for its market-leading battery electric model. For van operators, the more recently introduced Plug-in Van Grant offers a 20 per cent – up to £8,000 – subsidy towards the purchase of a growing range of van models. While plug-in vehicles are invariably more expensive than their petrol/diesel counterparts at purchase, viewed on a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) basis the figures look much more attractive and can, in certain circumstances, lead to significant cost savings. Annual electricity costs are up to 75 per cent cheaper than diesel fuel, with further savings accessible from company car tax, excise duties and parking as well as potentially lower maintenance and servicing costs.

Current research and development is exploring advanced battery chemistry to improve battery energy density (and therefore range) and recharging facilities are now much more widely available. The government recently announced a further phase of its ‘Plugged-in Place’ programme which will see recharging points installed by local authorities, at modal interchanges, fleet depots, car parks and on major routes.

Though current technology for charging batteries is considerably slower than equivalent hydrocarbon refuelling, fast chargers – though more expensive to install – can reduce charging times by around 80 per cent and make longer journeys viable. For the time being though, plug-in vehicles continue to be most suited to routine – and mainly limited range uses – in urban areas. The Energy Saving Trust (a LowCVP member) is currently offering free advice to 100

organisations considering the introduction of electric vehicles to their fleets. The Plugged-in Fleets Initiative provides free analysis and a tailored review including a whole-life cost analysis. (For more information see www.energysavingtrust.org.uk).

NATURAL GASNatural gas has a long track record as an alternative fuel but adoption has been more

widespread in Europe and elsewhere than in the UK. Like natural gas, biomethane – which is chemically identical to natural gas, produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter – can also be used in spark ignition or dual-fuel vehicles. The use of biomethane as a road fuel is presently a niche market but is likely to grow with further government support. Private and public sector fleets adopting biomethane include Howard Tenens, Coca Cola Enterprise, Waitrose, Sainsburys, Eddie Stobart and the London Borough of Camden. One of the challenges of adopting natural gas or biomethane is the limited availability of publicly accessible compressed natural gas (CNG) refuelling infrastructure, though some fleet operators offer third-party access to their refuelling stations. The London Borough of Camden and Howard Tenens, for example, offer access to supplies of biomethane. The government’s Low Carbon Truck Demonstration trial has provided grant funding to a number of logistics fleet operators to install gas refuelling infrastructure. Natural gas and biomethane benefit from lower fuel duty than petrol, currently 28p/l which can help reducing fuel cost for high mileage fleets. (For interested operators, LowCVP members Cenex has published a ‘Biomethane Toolkit’ – see: www.cenex.co.uk) L

FURTHER INFORMATIONwww.lowcvp.org.uk


Welcome to The Green.Helping you put sustainability at the heart of your fl eet.

Looking for ways to run a greener fl eet? Why not visit The Green, the acclaimed sustainability website from Lex Autolease, the UK’s leading fl eet management and fl eet funding specialist.

Listen to our latest podcast about low carbon vehicles at The Green www.lexautolease.co.uk/theGreen

Find free help and advice on sustainable issues, including: • choosing the right vehicles• tax and budget• fuel strategy and how to cut your fuel bill.

Visit The Green at www.lexautolease.co.uk/theGreen today,and see how we can help you run a greener fl eet.

Or you can call us for more information on 0800 389 3690.

LA7506 Green Fleet Advert sept 2012 A4.indd 1 13/09/2012 16:27

Welcome to The Green.Helping you put sustainability at the heart of your fl eet.

Looking for ways to run a greener fl eet? Why not visit The Green, the acclaimed sustainability website from Lex Autolease, the UK’s leading fl eet management and fl eet funding specialist.

Listen to our latest podcast about low carbon vehicles at The Green www.lexautolease.co.uk/theGreen

Find free help and advice on sustainable issues, including: • choosing the right vehicles• tax and budget• fuel strategy and how to cut your fuel bill.

Visit The Green at www.lexautolease.co.uk/theGreen today,and see how we can help you run a greener fl eet.

Or you can call us for more information on 0800 389 3690.

LA7506 Green Fleet Advert sept 2012 A4.indd 1 13/09/2012 16:27

Written by the International Road Federation

Transport and access to mobility pose many challenges, as well as opportunities for global development. Current scenarios highlight stark policy choices. Get these wrong and we could be confronted with close to 9,000 megatons of global CO2 emissions from transport vehicles by 2030, contributing significantly to climate change, and combined with other emissions, burdening millions of people with health problems provoked by air, water, soil and noise pollution. Meanwhile, an anticipated 30 per cent increase in traffic congestion by 2025 in some countries could cost billions of pounds in fuel as well as lost time and productivity. Within the same timeframe, upwards of 1.9 million people will be killed annually on the world’s roads, costing society a further estimated $100 billion dollars a year, quite apart from the toll in human tragedy.

To compound matters, growing economic uncertainty makes major investments in road up-keep politically unpalatable and financially prohibitive. And yet, it is being increasingly acknowledged – notably in the context of the post Rio+20 agenda – that sustainable mobility is vital for social and economic development as well as the integration of local communities, regions and states.

ROADS ARE GETTING SMARTERAs a key voice in the international road infrastructure and transportation community, the International Road Federation (IRF) in Geneva takes responsibility for providing evidence-based solutions to dilemmas such as these. In the words of Caroline Visser, the Federation’s deputy-director and ITS/road financing specialist: “Roads are no longer

just a stretch of tarmac but are becoming increasingly smarter. IRF believes that with Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), road operators have a highly efficient tool at hand to ease congestion, reduce accidents and provide travellers with a comfortable drive and transfer to other modes of transport. IRF makes the case for ITS in a smart way.” Despite a proven track record, ITS still suffers from a lack of recognition and support from politicians, high-level policy makers and the general public. IRF has taken up this awareness challenge by creating a dedicated Policy Committee on ITS, which was launched in 2008.The mission of the Committee Members is to foster the deployment of ITS. It supports the development of national and regional ITS strategies and encourages governments to integrate ITS as a major tool for achieving their transport policy objectives in a manner that is safe, sustainable and efficient. In support of this vision, IRF Geneva launched the Committee’s landmark IRF Vienna Manifesto on ITS – Smart Transport Policies for Sustainable Mobility during a Ministerial round table convened in Vienna at the outset of the 19th ITS World Congress, which was hosted in the Austrian capital from 22-26 October, 2012. The Manifesto calls for the furtherance and more complete integration of Intelligent Transport Systems into overall transport policies. It provides clear, evidence-based policy recommendations that, if accepted and implemented, will significantly advance the goal of access to sustainable mobility for all. The Manifesto is about the role ITS can play in improving the efficiency and fluidity of transport; and the benefits for society, both qualitative and quantitative, that can be achieved by optimising the integrated use of technology. It is particularly targeted at political decision makers at national, state and local levels and high-level decision makers within transport authorities, as well as their respective advisors – who are all urged to undertake a comprehensive series of policy actions aimed at stimulating the adoption and use of smart technologies to their full potential.

CHANGING BEHAVIOURThe key recommendations are summarised in figure 1 and fully developed in the text of E

ROAD EMISSIONS

Intelligent Transport Systems

Figure 1 Summary of key policy recommendations in the

IRF Vienna Manifesto on ITS

GET INTELLIGENT ABOUT CARBON INTENSIVE ROADSWith mobility needs anticipated to triple by 2050, the carbon emissions emitted on our roads remains an issue. Although suffering from a perceived lack of political support, Intelligent Transport Systems have a proven track record in easing congestion and reducing accidents, reports the International Road Federation



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of average speeds so as to mitigate practices such as speeding that are both socially dangerous and environmentally damaging. It has, indeed, been estimated that reductions in the speed limit through effective enforcement across the United Kingdom could save around 1.4 megatons in carbon emissions for the period 2009-2020. Meanwhile, the 2006 Eddington Transport Study estimated that ‘eliminating existing congestion on the [UK’s] road network would be worth some £7-8bn of GDP per annum.’ It further concluded that, if left unchecked, congestion would waste an additional £22 billion in lost time for England alone by 2025.

LIGHTENING THE LOADITS technologies have the capacity to alleviate the politically untenable pressures of congestion by capitalising on the capabilities of computerisation, mass data storage and improved communications systems to significantly improve both traffic flow and travel time reliability. Such an evolution is likely to become increasingly critical given that the need for mobility is anticipated to triple by 2050, compared to 2000 levels. As most of this increase will occur outside the developed countries, we are likely to see a significant shift in the demand for mobility capacity.

Such shifts in transport will require new mobility concepts and responses. Travellers will change their preferred methods of getting around, technological changes will make travel more user-friendly, while at the same time making networks more resilient; and there may even be new modes of transport. As the Manifesto urges: ‘change is inevitable and we need to start thinking about it now.’ ITS will be the integration tool. It will enable local, regional and national governments in developed countries to improve already established infrastructures. It will allow those in developing nations to leap-frog over previous-generation networks by enabling solutions that

the Manifesto. At their most fundamental level, they include the need to encourage sustainable mobility behaviour across the board so as to balance people’s growing mobility demands with the overarching imperatives of preserving the environment and quality of life. Olga Landolfi, secretary general, TTS Italia – one of the eminent international specialists who have contributed comments and endorsements for the Manifesto in its preface, said: “Mobility is a fundamental right. It underpins all aspects of societal development allowing everyone, from individuals up to whole nations, to develop and prosper. ITS has already demonstrated [that it is] an essential tool for improving mobility and quality of life. The challenge now is to start using it to its full potential, to maximise the benefits that ITS can bring to society.” “The technology is there; now is the time to commit,” echoes Visser.

FACE THE CHALLENGEThe Manifesto addresses a comprehensive range of interdependent challenges – from traffic flow and travel time reliability to the potential of ITS for business development and job creation. On the environmental front, the document stresses that climate change remains one of the major issues facing the transport sector today. Current projections suggest that, under present scenarios, global CO2 emissions from transport are expected to continue to grow by approximately 40 per cent from 2007 to 2030. The road sector continues to dominate total transport CO2 emission production, and is only surpassed by emissions from the energy production sector. Restricting mobility runs contrary to the free movement of people and goods and cannot constitute an economically rational – let alone sustainable – solution. Modifying the behaviour of road users and their vehicles in ways that make them less carbon-intensive, on the other hand, represents a far more realistic and cost-effective proposition. ITS can achieve this through a combination of ‘encouragement’ and ‘enforcement’ measures. The former are illustrated by electronic payment schemes whereby the cost of access to selected routes, zones or facilities, varies according to the type of vehicle or time of day; while the latter might include the monitoring

are smarter and more eco-friendly than building new road infrastructure. For densely-populated urban areas, ITS offers a tool to enhance multiple objectives, such as safeguarding quality of life, public health, the urban environment and historic areas, alongside the efficient management of road traffic and public transport. In these respects, the Manifesto underscores that transport and mobility issues typically manifest themselves locally, but their combined impact is global. Since transport challenges are complex and multidimensional, their solutions must be cross-cutting and inter-sectoral. Cooperation at local, regional, national and, increasingly, even at an international level is required.

POLICY TO DRIVE CHANGEAs emphasised by POLIS, the network of European cities and regions working together to develop innovative technologies and policies for local transport, ITS must be policy-driven. In this context, the Manifesto authoritatively explores the most relevant policy areas for ITS deployment. These include mobility, the environment, transport funding & investment, spatial planning and social services. With reference to each area, the Manifesto compellingly demonstrates how ITS can contribute to achieving key objectives.

It describes the policy challenges that governments are typically faced with and highlights – on the basis of concrete examples – how ITS can cost-effectively and efficiently expedite viable solutions. IRF is playing an active advocacy role on behalf of its members in this evolution, so that they may be at the forefront of a new generation of roads, integrating innovative technologies and the latest cutting-edge progress in energy, materials, information and vehicles. ITS applications ranging from satellite based positioning to road weather information systems and real time traveller information services – taken together with the developments in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure interaction – will undoubtedly be at the vanguard of progress towards making IRF’s maxim of ‘better roads, better world’ a living reality. L

FURTHER INFORMATIONDownload the IRF Vienna Manifesto on ITS for free at www.irfnet.ch. For more information on the ITS Policy Committee, contact Caroline Visser at [email protected]

Modifying the behaviour of road users and their vehicles in ways that make them less carbon-intensive represents a realistic proposition for Intelligent Transport Systems

The text of the Manifesto is underpinned by a comprehensive series of case studies, including details of the Low Emission Zone scheme implemented in Bologna, Italy, which led to a 47% reduction in particle matter emissions

ROAD EMISSIONS



Written by John Davies, chairm

an, Vehicle Remarketing Association

Selling ex-fleet vehicles that have green credentials needn’t be the headache that perhaps it is perceived to be. Like selling any ex-fleet vehicle, businesses can maintain and best prepare their green ex-fleet vehicles to receive the strongest price, but equally the final prices businesses are able to get is subject to the conditions of the market and consumer demand. We are finding that as vehicle traders and ultimately the general public become more educated and trusting of alternatively-fueled vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EVs), hybrids and LPGs, so increases the demand and thus price for such vehicles.

HYBRIDSFull hybrids are doing well; vehicles like the Toyota Prius have been on the market for a long time and consumers are trusting large manufacturers to build a vehicle that is solid and reliable many years down the line. As the market continues to be educated on alternatively fuelled vehicles, hybrids can find themselves holding their prices well as they avoid the problem of range anxiety commonly found with EVs, while still giving the buyer the a vehicle with reduced CO2 emissions. Because of all this, selling ex-fleet hybrids shouldn’t be too different from remarketing traditional diesels. Plug-in hybrids like the Chevrolet Volt may need a little more explanation about recharging and the full benefits of the car over full hybrids. But essentially hybrids should not be treated too differently as primarily they are a diesel with a small electric motor for urban motoring.

ELECTRIC VEHICLESThe jury is still out on the electric vehicle market. EVs once used to be preserve of early adopters and businesses as part of their corporate social responsibility. But times are now changing and the EV market is growing thanks to improvements in EV technology. To underline this, new sales of EVs are expected double from 3,000 in 2012 to 6,000 in 2013, and Transport for London is ramping up its number of chargers from 900 to 1,300 in 2013. Given however that just over two million new cars were registered in the UK in 2012 (source, SMMT) the 100 per cent EV market is obviously still in its infancy. Therefore there are currently not many vehicles on the second hand market, making it difficult to comment on residuals. We can however predict how we expect the used EV market to behave in the near future as more used EVs enter the forecourts. We can see electric vans like the Nissan eNV200 doing well based on their low running costs and being purchased based on business needs and low daily mileages. EV range capabilities have now improved sufficiently enough that businesses and consumers that fit a certain profile – for example, those who drive their vehicles less than 100 miles per day – are happy to use them as their method of transportation. Accordingly, sellers should be targeting their

ex-fleet EVs in urban areas. As a practical example, in London demand and prices may be higher than in the rest of the country because EVs will enable potential buyers to get around the Congestion Charge and will generally reduce motoring costs. In future, cities such as London that have a pollution problem may be incentivised to run more EVs, so used prices may fluctuate by region.

BATTERIESAnother serious consideration for fleets with EVs is the batteries. Critics of EVs will point out that while EV owners forego the cost of filling up, batteries deteriorate over time. And according to Glass’s Guide, the typical EV battery will have a useful life of up to eight years before potentially costing thousands to replace, obviously affecting the final price sellers can expect to fetch at market. Accordingly, for those selling ex-fleet EVs, the amount of manufacturer warranty left on the vehicle, information on battery condition and mileage covered will be crucial to determining the peace of mind of the buyer, and therefore the price they are willing to pay. Those with an eight-year warranty such as the Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid however should easily attract successive owners. What’s more, there are far less moving parts in an EV than those with internal combustion engines. This means the potential for expensive end of contract repairs due to wear and tear is much reduced, all meaning less time and money spent at the repair shop

against those vehicles with ICEs.

LETTING THE MARKET MATURE

In closing, as the market become more comfortable with hybrids and EVs, so it will become easier to sell ultra-low CO2 ex-fleet vehicles. The

EV market is slightly less mature than

the hybrid market and so we would expect some

volatility in this area as traders understand the long term implications

of batteries on residual values. In the near future we would expect values to stay fairly consistent, especially in this market when supply in general of used cars is relatively low. In the future the supply and demand economics will kick in and if there are too many in the market prices may fall, if supply remains limited and recharging costs low, prices will stay strong. Who would have thought ten years ago the Toyota Prius would have become a mainstream used car so sought after by drivers? Hybrids and EVs are here to stay. L

FURTHER INFORMATIONwww.vehicle-remarketing.co.uk

SELLING GREEN EX-FLEET VEHICLESAs vehicle traders and the general public becomes more educated and trusting of low and zero-emission vehicles, the demand – and therefore price – for such vehicles increases, writes John Davies, chairman of the Vehicle Remarketing Association

Vehicle Remarketing

When

selling an

ex-fleet electric

vehicle, the amount

of warranty, battery

condition and mileage

covered will be

crucial to the

buyer

USED VEHICLESIn demand: Toyota Prius is sought

after by used car buyers



Award-Winning Vehicle Tracking

0870 013 6663 | [email protected] | www.quartix.net

Van Fleet World

includes

DRIVING-STYLE MONITORING

Award-Winning Vehicle Tracking

0870 013 6663 | [email protected] | www.quartix.net

Van Fleet World

includes

DRIVING-STYLE MONITORING

Written by David Leggett, just-auto.com

Research carried out by automotive industry website just-auto.com forecasts that global demand for vehicle connectivity will surge over the next ten years. As demand for connectivity in vehicles rises, the supply of connectivity hardware and services is becoming an area of increasing competition involving vehicle makers, mobile device producers, software developers and traditional automotive suppliers. The report points out that addressing vehicle connectivity in new vehicles is a rapidly rising priority for vehicle manufacturers alongside the proliferation and integration of smart portable devices, applications software and embedded in-car mobility services. Rapid technological change in the sector is also driving new supplier relationships as software developers and telematics service providers bypass the traditional ‘Tier 1’ automotive suppliers and go direct to the vehicle manufacturer. At the same time the vehicle manufacturers and their traditional Tier 1s are seeking partnerships and alliances that are changing the way systems are designed, developed and brought to market. Vehicle manufacturers and their software developers are also forming working alliances with handset/smartphone suppliers and wireless carriers. In addition, telematics service suppliers are seeking to partner up with wire carriers and cloud service providers.

EMBEDDED VERSUS BROUGHT-IN CONNECTIVITYThe Connected Vehicle research study carried out by just-auto also highlights the battle in the sector between embedded or built-in connectivity and brought-in, mobile systems. The built-in option includes a SIM and built-in modem and the brought-in option can include either the SIM being brought-in and the modem being built in or both being brought-in to the vehicle (mobile phone). The advent of the smartphone has moved the goal posts again, the study says. The smartphone is rapidly displacing the traditional mobile telephone as a connectivity device as users demand access to the internet, social media and other applications available through brought-in devices but displayed and operated with in-car controls. As the number and variety of apps demanded by the consumer increases, it will be necessary for the vehicle to communicate with any server on the internet. Looking even further ahead, this is where cloud computer services are likely to become more attractive particularly as driver requirements call for dynamic selection of the server in real-time based on the increasing number of apps available in the car.

CAR SHARING TO RISEThe just-auto study also suggests that in some parts of the world we are seeing the start of a significant shift away from traditional car

ownership towards sharing of vehicles both for personal and business use,

especially in urban areas. There also developments in apps

and growing interest in low CO2 footprints (with associated incentives) that could encourage the trend towards car sharing

and the modal mix for future transportation in urban

areas. The migration of telematics technology into the commercial arena and

the development of systems for use in the automotive industry means

the operation of car sharing schemes has

become much more efficient and commercially attractive, with new entrants becoming established in particular niches, sometimes with the direct support and involvement of vehicle manufacturers (Daimler’s car2go, for example).

ELECTRIC VEHICLES TO GET A TELEMATICS BOOSTAlthough electric vehicle sales have so far lagged behind targets, the study notes that developments in telematics should help to overcome some of the problems associated with ‘range anxiety’ – for example in directing a car to a nearby fast-charging station. Currently most of the manufacturers of EVs are looking to use the cellular connection to offer information on recharging stations and to monitor the state of the battery charge when the vehicle is not in use. EVs are also well positioned, potentially, to take advantage of broader trends in car sharing in urban areas alongside increasingly tight restrictions on vehicle emissions in city centres.

THE COMMUNICATION PLATFORM OF THE FUTURE: CAR-TO-XVehicle-to-vehicle (and vehicle-to-x) is another area of connectivity set for growth, according to the research. Vehicles will eventually be able to communicate with each other and also with infrastructure to achieve safety benefits and more efficient traffic flows (to reduce congestion and CO2 emissions). Car-to-X communication opens up completely new potential. For example, in the event of a hazard extensive connectivity between vehicles allows oncoming and following traffic to be given advance warnings of dangers and therefore to react appropriately. Vehicle makers and suppliers are already collaborating on standards for future shared systems, the study notes. L

FURTHER INFORMATIONwww.just-auto.com

VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY

DEMAND FOR IN-CAR CONNECTIVITY TO SURGEDavid Leggett summarises areas where in-vehicle connectivity is predicted to take off within the next ten years

Telematics

About the studyThe full study from just-auto entitled Global Market Review of Connected Vehicle Technologies – Forecasts to 2027, is available as a market review study, as part of its QUBE research portfolio: tinyurl.com/cyzrrao



GreenFleet’s Arrive ‘N’ Drive, in association with EDF Energy, gives fleet managers the chance to get up-close and personal with the latest low and zero emission vehicles. Taking place on 16May at Rockingham, visitors can zip around the race track to find out how green vehicles perform and help them make an informed decision about their next vehicle purchase. This year’s event will be the first time GreenFleet readers will be able to drive fully electric vans, the Citroen Berlingo Electrique and Peugeot Partner electric. The much anticipated Volvo V60 – claimed to be the world’s first diesel plug-in hybrid, will also be available to test drive. With a fuel economy of up to 155mpg, emissions as low as 48g/km, and a range of 560 miles, the V60 is sure to be a sell-out on the test track.

THE LIFE AND TIMES OF A VEHICLEFor the first time, ACFO, will be holding its annual Conference and AGM at this year’s GreenFleet Arrive ‘n’ Drive event. Sponsored by EDF Energy, the conference theme is ‘A day in the life of a fleet vehicle’ which will highlight best practice during the four stages of a fleet vehicle’s life. Starting with a vehicle’s ‘birth’ on the fleet – tendering, procuring and financing – the conference will then go on to cover the ‘teenage years’, which involves the supplier relationship management and adapting to new initiatives. ‘Middle Age’ will relate to

vehicle maintenance, fuel management and managing relationships, and lastly, the ‘twilight years’ will be discussed – managing the defleet process and end of life charges. ACFO director and deputy chairman Damian James, said: “As always the annual ACFO Conference and AGM will be a key networking event in the fleet calendar as well as providing an opportunity for delegates to further improve their understanding of current fleet issues and trends. “Additionally, the tie-up with GreenFleet Arrive ‘n’ Drive helps to further raise the profile of ACFO within the wider fleet

2013 Arrive ‘N’ Drive debuts include the ACFO AGM and annual conference and the GreenFleet Sustainable Fleet Advice Centre

Whether its taking an electric vehicle around the urban-simulated Electric Avenue, or putting your foot down in the latest frugal diesel and petrol engines around Rockingham’s race track, Arrive ‘N’ Drive on will allow you to see how the latest green vehicles perform

BEHIND THE WHEEL OF THE LATEST GREEN MACHINES

EVENT PREVIEW

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community and gives delegates the opportunity to get behind the wheel of the very latest low and zero emission vehicles.” Conference sponsors Peugeot will also address the audience on its alternative fuels strategy.

WIRELESS EV CHARGINGCan you imagine a world where you could drive an electric car and not have the fuss of untangling cables and finding sockets to charge it? Wireless technology innovator Qualcomm has developed a wireless electric vehicle

charging system, which it will be showcasing on an electric Delta E-4 Coupé at this year’s Arrive ‘N’ Drive. The Delta has a unique EV platform that has been designed from inception to test leading edge EV technology prior to commercialisation. The Qualcomm Halo Wireless EV Charging (WEVC) technology on the Delta E-4 Coupés charges the EV batteries using resonant magnetic induction technology, developed by Qualcomm engineers and the University of Auckland in New Zealand. The current Qualcomm Halo WEVC system delivers 3.3kW of power at around 90 per cent efficiency and is highly tolerant to misalignment so there is no power loss if drivers do not park accurately, making charging simple and effortless. The Delta, Qualcomm Halo system will be upgraded to 6.6kW during 2013. Qualcomm and the University of Auckland are also working on Dynamic EV Charging (DEVC) for charging on the move which though some years in the future, offers the ultimate in wireless EV charging and potentially unlimited EV driving range.

ASK THE EXPERTSFor the first time, Arrive ‘N’ Drive will be hosting a Sustainable Fleet Advice Centre (SFAC) – brought to you in conjunction with Alphabet. A group of Sustainability Champions have been rounded up to share advice on a range of topical issues concerning the fleet industry. One team of experts will be from EDF Energy, whose recent studies and trials with businesses, vehicle manufacturers and government organisations across the UK have provided them with unique insight into EV recharging. Also in the advice centre, the BVRLA will discuss leasing options, the ICFM will share advice on training and accreditation, and the CILT will be on hand to talk about HGVs. What’s

more, LowCVP will give updates on low carbon vehicle policy, and Milbrook Laboratories will discuss vehicle testing. In addition, GreenFleet has hand-picked a group of fleet managers who have successfully reduced their fleet emissions to share their experiences and give advice to fellow fleet managers. If you’re looking to replace vehicles, considering alternative fuels, or want to introduce a driver training programme, GreenFleet’s Sustainable Fleet Advice Centre is definitely a worthwhile visit.For more detailed advice about electric vehicles, delegates can pop over to EDF Energy’s Power Park. There will be a static display of electric vehicles, as well as the EDF Energy team who can advise on charging options and infrastructure. If visitors want to test drive an electric vehicle, they can take it round The EDF Energy Electric Avenue, which is designed to simulate urban roads.

BEAT THE SPRIGOnce again visitors will be able to put their fuel efficient driving to the test to see if they can ‘Beat The Sprig’, GreenFleet’s planet-conscious race star, who will set an ‘ideal’ mpg for a set route on the open roads. Driving a Citroën DS3, participants will do a practice lap with an Energy Saving Trust Smarter Driving trainer and then return for a feedback session and tips on how to adopt a greener driving style. They will then return to the roads to see if they can improve their fuel efficiency by implementing these tips.Fuel challengers will be using a Citroën DS3, kitted out with TomTom Business Solutions technology which will record valuable data such as mpg, CO2, harsh braking, acceleration,

rev counts, gear changes, and so on. Throughout the day, the names will

go up on the ‘Beat The Sprig’ board and at the end of the day, the participant with the best mpg of the day will go home with a prize from TomTom Business Solutions.All the main names in motor manufacturing will be displaying their latest green models and

allowing visitors to test how they perform out on the track. What’s

more, the Welcome Centre will house an exhibition of companies dedicated

to making the business of running fleets greener, such as rolling resistance tyres, eco-driving courses, and telematics systems. Amongst the exhibitors will be rental company Green Motion, who will be on hand to discuss its electric and low CO2 vehicles available to rent, and Autokontrol will be demonstrating its speed and rev limiters. To top it off, visitors can also enjoy a free breakfast, buffet lunch and refreshments throughout the day in the Welcome Centre. L

FURTHER INFORMATIONTo register for GreenFleet‘s Arrive ‘N’ Drive, visit www.arrivendrive.greenfleet.net

Qualcomm’s

innovative

wireless electric

vehicle charging

system will be

showcased on an

electric Delta E-4

Coupé



EVENT PREVIEW

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EXHIBITORS

RENAULTRenault is back at Greenfleet Arrive n Drive this year with an award-winning line-up of stylish and efficient diesel and electric vehicles available to test drive. Be one of the first to get behind the wheel of the stunning and eagerly anticipated 100 per cent electric Renault ZOE, which launches this June. With its affordable price, a EURO NCAP rating of 5 stars and a free domestic wall-box with every order, ZOE really is the electric car for all.

Kangoo Van Z.E.,which has scooped numerous awards, including the coveted International Van of the Year, What Van of the Year and Greenfleet’s Electric Vehicle of the Year, will also make an appearance at the show.

Starring alongside ZOE and Kangoo Van Z.E. will be the sleek and ultra-efficient New Clio dCi, which returns tax-busting CO2 emissions of 83g/km and impressively low fuel consumption of up to 88.3 mpg.

And to put a smile on your face, the 100 per cent electric urban compact two-seater Renault Twizy will be back by popular demand. For further information visit renault.co.uk

Renault ZOE

KIA Kia will be showcasing its latest green vehicles with EcoDynamics technology, which now extends across many of the Kia car range.

Thanks to a fast expanding range, of high-quality, well-equipped and cost-effective vehicles, the Kia fleet team provides tailored services to satisfy companies of all sizes. Its fleet offer is even more attractive thanks to a focus on strong residual values and class-competitive fuel economy and emissions figures which reduce the total cost of ownership.

What’s more, many of its EcoDynamics models come with free Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) for the first year saving you money. And, for added peace of mind, every vehicle is covered by our 7 year/100,000 mile car warranty. It’s all part of the company’s commitment to bringing you more fuel efficient cars with lower emissions and saving you money too.

For futher information, visit www.kia.co.uk

Kia Picanto

FIAT PROFESSIONALGreenFleet LCV Manufacturer of the Year 2012 was awarded to Fiat Professional for its range of class-leading commercial vehicles featuring fuel efficient MultiJet engine technology. The Ducato is available in its wide range of van and chassis cab versions. The Fiat Professional range covers every business need, from the Punto Van – a smart solution for small goods transport, through the Fiorino – the perfect compact solution in city environment. The Doblò Cargo boasts a 1 Ton payload and is available in many different versions, and the Scudo is available for both goods and shuttle passenger transport. In the UK, the network coverage is assured by 130 sales dealers and the 200 service dealers, including 35 truck dealers. All vehicles in the Fiat Professional featuring innovative technology such as eco:Drive Professional or Traction Plus, making them ideal choice for fleet and business users. For further information visit www.fiatprofessional.co.uk

Fiat Doblò Cargo

FORDA visit to the Ford stand will greet you with an impressive display award winning fleet vehicles available to drive.

B-MAX, Focus, New Fiesta and All-new Kuga will be on stand, all featuring new and green Ford ECOnetic technologies. This includes cutting edge low CO2 diesel engines as well as International Engine Of The Year, the Ford 1.0l EcoBoost for you to experience first hand.

For commercial vehicle fleets, Ford will be displaying the International Van Of The Year 2013, All-new Ford Transit Custom. You will be able to experience the driving ability of these vehicles, as well as the abundance of technologies and safety features that helped win Transit Custom a 5* Euro N-CAP rating, the first medium commercial vehicle to do so. Models on display will also feature SYNC with Emergency Assist.

For further information visit www.ford.co.uk




CITROËNFor this year’s GreenFleet Arrive’N’Drive, Citroën will once again be showcasing the latest in fleet friendly technology with its all new Berlingo Electric, a full electric van that has a 100-mile range with an amazing 625kg payload and zero CO2 emissions. The full line up of Citroën’s stylish and highly acclaimed DS Line will also be available to drive, from the New DS3 Cabrio, DS4 and the New DS5, which will be available to drive as both a low emission diesel and ultra low CO2 diesel-electric HYbrid4. Citroën delivers an extensive range of vehicles with both outstanding environmental performance and the highest levels of occupant safety. What’s more, high levels of standard specification and tax efficient pricing, make its cars a solid choice for the business and the driver. Citroën undestands that as a business customer you expect a business class service. So to find out more about why Citroën is right for you, and your fleet, visit its stand where you can meet with members of the Citroën fleet team. For more information visit www.citroen.co.uk/fleet-and-business L

Citroën Berlingo Electrique

BMWEvery BMW features EfficientDynamics technologies as standard, lowering CO2 emissions and increasing fuel efficiency resulting in significant savings on fuel costs. For example, the 320d EfficientDynamics delivers 68.9mpg and can achieve over 860 miles between fill-ups.

The new BMW ECO PRO Manager has been introduced on a significant majority of models, and will feature on all new models by the end of 2013. When engaged, ECO PRO adjusts the characteristics of the vehicle, allowing the driver to gain up to 20 per cent extra range per tank of fuel.

Worldwide, the BMW Group continues to demonstrate its commitment to sustainable mobility in every process. Every car is manufactured using the most sustainable products and processes. Recognised in September 2012 by the Dow Jones Sustainability Index Award, making BMW the world’s most sustainable automobile manufacturer for the eighth year running.

Also recognised for sustainability at the 2012 GreenFleet Awards BMW was the proud winner of the ‘Outstanding Achievement’ award after being named ‘Fleet Car Manufacturer’ for five consecutive years. For further information visit www.bmw.co.uk

VAUXHALLVauxhall is delighted to be at the Arrive n Drive to showcase its innovative and award winning Extended Range Electric Vehicle (E-REV), the Ampera, along with the recently launched ADAM and Mokka.

The heart of the Ampera is its E-REV propulsion system which gives the car up to 360 miles of range. Apart from making a huge reduction in CO2, the Ampera is eligible for the Government’s £5,000 Plus-in Car Grant, reduced Benefit in Kind, an 8-year 100,000 mile warranty on the battery and the 100,000 mile Lifetime Warranty on the car.

The Ampera, ADAM and Mokka are now all available on Vauxhall’s 3-Day Test Drive Programme exclusively for company car drivers.

Further information and terms and conditions, visit www.3daytestdrive.co.uk Vauxhall Ampera

PEUGEOTGreenFleet Arrive ‘N’ Drive provides an exclusive opportunity for fleet managers to get behind the wheel of the eagerly-awaited 2008 urban crossover. With its characteristic higher driving position and pronounced wheel arches, the 2008 has an appealing road presence and outstanding practicality. The 2008 is the first vehicle to use the new three-cylinder 1.2-litre turbo engine, with CO2 starting from just 99g/km. Peugeot will also have on show its new Partner Electric van, and a selection from its extensive car and van range, including the low CO2 HYbrid4 range.

For further information visit www.business.peugeot.co.uk

Peugeot 2008

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The dramatic improvements in vehicle efficiencies seen in recent years are very welcome, but there is also evidence of a widening gap between manufacturers’ official fuel consumption figures and what’s achieved in real life. A report from the International Council on Clean Transport published last year showed that on average this gap had grown from eight per cent in 2001 to 21 per cent today. This surely means there’s a stronger case than ever for training to help drivers achieve – or at least get closer to – the official figures. THE BENEFITSReduced fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are the biggest benefits with an average improvement of just under 15 per cent on the day of training. As with any training – driving or otherwise – this will decrease over time, but we believe five per cent is a realistic long term saving. This is supported by evidence from German research of between 3.7 & 6.2 per cent fuel savings. Because of the focus on greater anticipation, efficient driving also reduces accident rates. Arriva North West is a good example: The bus company ran eco-driving training for their drivers in 2007 and the following year it recorded a 29.6 per cent reduction in ‘at

fault’ collisions involving other vehicles and an 18.3 per cent reduction in non-fault collisions. Eco-driving also reduces vehicle wear and tear which, in turn, reduces maintenance costs. Our experience shows that there’s no substitute for one-to-one training. And the training doesn’t need to be lengthy. Just under an hour per driver can go a long way. Short-duration eco-driving training is the basis of government subsidised eco-driving programmes in England and Scotland. In-car technologies, especially those giving drivers instant feedback on their

driving can be effective in providing on-going feedback, encouraging drivers to use and develop their skills.

THE TECHNIQUESFor most drivers, the biggest benefits come from greater anticipation, better use of gears and by slowing down on the motorway. In more detail, drivers should drive smoothly, and anticipate situations and other road users as far ahead as possible to avoid unnecessary braking and acceleration. Maintain a greater distance from the vehicle in front so that you can regulate your speed when necessary without using the brakes. When slowing down or driving downhill, remain in gear but take your foot off the accelerator as early as possible. In most situations and for most vehicles this will reduce fuel flow to virtually zero. When accelerating, shift to higher gear early, usually by around 2,000-2,500rpm High speeds greatly increase fuel consumption so avoid excessive speed. Other tips for better fuel efficiency include keeping tyres correctly inflated. Underinflated tyres are not only dangerous but also increase fuel consumption. All ancillary loads, but particularly air conditioning, add to fuel

consumption so use it sparingly.Turn off your engine if you expect to be stationary for more than a minute or so. Remove racks, roof boxes and bike carriers when not in use as they significantly increase air resistance and fuel consumption at higher speeds. Keep windows shut at high speed and avoid carrying unnecessary weight as this will increase fuel consumption.

THE SCIENCE If you consider the basic physics behind the motion of a vehicle, it’s no surprise that greater

anticipation is the single most important technique for urban drivers. Energy is required for two main reasons: to accelerate the vehicle and to overcome air resistance. Air resistance is fairly negligible at low speeds which means in typical urban driving the vast majority of fuel is used for acceleration. So even at low speeds a vehicle that’s constantly accelerating and braking will use a lot of fuel whereas the vehicle with the driver that’s anticipating well, has perhaps dropped back slightly from the vehicle in front and is managing to smooth out much of the stop-go will use a lot less fuel. When driving downhill or slowing down, a modern vehicle will usually use less fuel if you remain in gear but take your foot off the accelerator, than if you ‘coast’ in neutral. This is because it’s intelligent enough to recognise that the momentum of the vehicle is driving the engine. This activates the fuel cut-off switch, stopping the flow of fuel to the injectors. In contrast a vehicle coasting in neutral would still be burning fuel to keep the engine ticking over.

USE OF GEARSSome of the clearest research in to the effect of the use of gears on fuel consumption comes from TNO in the Netherlands in a paper published in 2006. TNO assessed three different acceleration strategies for both petrol and diesel cars and concluded that shifting up at low rpm and 50 per cent accelerator position resulted in the lowest fuel consumption.

Energy is required for two main reasons: to accelerate the vehicle and to overcome air resistance. Air resistance is fairly negligible at low speeds which means in typical urban driving the vast majority of fuel is used for acceleration

DRIVER TRAINING

THE SCIENCE OF GREENER DRIVINGYou are no doubt aware that the way a vehicle is driven has a major impact on how much fuel it burns. But are you aware of the reasons why? The Energy Saving Trust’s Bob Saynor explains the science behind fuel-efficient driving techniques

Eco-

drivi

ng DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net


Air resistance or drag increases by the square of a vehicle’s speed, so when speed is doubled air resistance increases by a factor of four. At motorway speeds most of the fuel burned by a vehicle is used to overcome drag and this relationship between drag and speed mean that relatively small increases in speed add significantly to fuel consumption. Data on the effects of speed on fuel consumption for different vehicle types is available from the Department for Transport (DfT), based on work carried out by the Transport Research Laboratory in 2009. The data shows that for a typical modern car, fuel consumption increases by around 11 per cent between 60 and 70mph and 18 per cent between 60 and 75mph. For a typical large van (>1760kg) the increases in fuel consumption are even more marked: 23 per cent between 60 and 70mph and 37 per cent between 60 and 75mph.

TYRE PRESSUREAs any cyclist knows, it’s harder to move a vehicle with under-inflated tyres. Tyres are flexible and flatten at the bottom where they are in contact with the road. This means the shape of a tyre is constantly changing as it rotates and a different section comes into contact with the road. This process, which is exacerbated in an underinflated tyre, creates friction and heat and increases rolling resistance. The EU TREATISE project states that four tyres underinflated by 25 per cent (e.g. 24 PSI instead of 32PSI) will add approximately

10 per cent to rolling resistance and about two per cent to fuel consumption. According to Michelin research from 2011, 39 per cent of British motorists were driving with tyres >= 8 PSI under-inflated. Maintaining correct tyre pressures is also an important for safety.

LOCKING IN THE BENEFITSAfter training, it’s crucial to ensure the benefits last. One key factor is how drivers pay for their private fuel use. If company car drivers with fuel cards repay the cost of their private mileage as the appropriate proportion of their actual fuel costs, then they will have a personal financial incentive to drive efficiently for both business and private mileage. In contrast, the more common system in which private mileage is repaid as a fixed ‘pence per mile’ provides no such incentive. Other measures can be employed such as providing drivers with reminder information, producing fuel consumption league tables to encourage competition between drivers and offering incentives for the most efficient drivers. Fuel consumption league tables are well-suited to fleets of identical vehicles and are associated more with van than car fleets. But league tables can also work for a mixed fleet of company cars as each driver’s actual fuel consumption can be normalised against his or her car’s official fuel consumption.

The results are then ranked not by absolute fuel consumption but by percentage of the vehicle’s official consumption. The

likely results within a large fleet are that the best drivers will achieve close to their cars’ official fuel consumption while the worst will achieve little more than 50 or 60 per cent of the official figure. Incentive schemes to identify and reward the most efficient drivers can be an inexpensive and effective way to promote eco-driving. Examples include awarding vouchers to the most efficient drivers and funding monthly social events for the most efficient team. Fleet managers should explore why some drivers are using significantly more fuel than their peers. There may be mechanical problems or different duty cycles such as more stopping and starting or heavier loads. If not, then drivers should be offered additional help, advice or training.

GET THE TRAININGThe Energy Saving Trust (EST) has trained more than 30,000 drivers in Smarter Driving (eco-driving) since 2009. EST is part of a European project ECOWILL in which partners have cumulatively trained more than 100,000. The project involves 15 partners from 9 countries and trains instructors to deliver short-duration eco-driving training and works with licencing authorities to increase the emphasis on eco-driving in driving tests. L FURTHER INFORMATIONwww.energysavingtrust.org.uk/ smarterdrivingwww.ecodrive.org

Eco-driving

Fuel-efficient driving tipsAnticipate situations to avoid unnecessary braking and acceleration.

When accelerating shift to higher gears early, usually by around 2,000-2,500rpm.

Avoid high speeds as they greatly increase fuel consumption.

Keep tyres correctly inflated as underinflation increases fuel consumption.

Use air conditioning and other ancillary loads sparingly.

Turn off your engine if you expect to be stationary for more than a minute or so.

Reduce drag by removing racks, roof boxes and bike carriers, and keep windows shut at high speed.

Avoid carrying unnecessary weight as this will increase fuel consumption.



lower-spec S model is usefully £935 cheaper, but forgoes a lot of the niceties of the SE.

While all Golfs now come with a 5.8” touchscreen ‘Composition’ media system with DAB radio, electronic differential lock, air-conditioning and a multifunction computer as standard, the SE imparts a little more luxury with 16” alloy wheels, rain sensors, Automatic Distance Control (including a radar sensor-controlled distance monitoring system), Driver Alert system and automatic driving lights. All Golfs now come with Stop/Start and battery regeneration, too, the whole range embracing BlueMotion technologies.

DRIVER PROFILE SELECTIONImportantly, SE models also feature a driver profile selection operated via the centre console touchscreen. The driver can choose between four modes – ‘Normal’, ‘Eco’, ‘Sport’, and ‘Individual’. Adjusting the engine and adaptive cruise control settings (and steering depending on which preset mode is chosen), these four modes allow the car’s character to be adjusted

Road

Test

The Volkswagen Golf needs little introduction. Over almost four decades years it’s become something of the default choice for buyers wanting a small, well-made family hatchback, and has a reputation for being the sensible, non-assuming choice. It’s the best-selling car in Europe, the best-selling Volkswagen in the UK, and the shiniest gem in Volkswagen’s crown jewels. Therefore, the company never strays far from the

well-established template it set way back in 1974. And that’s not necessarily a bad thing.

The Golf has long been a classy (and classless) car, and the seventh-generation is the classiest yet, hinted at by the £20,500 list price of the mid-range SE 1.6 TDI model. The 1598cc four-cylinder diesel engine develops 104bhp, and is both the lowest-polluting (99g/km) and lowest-powered TDI engine currently fitted to new Mk 7 Golf models. Yes, the

NEW GOLF GETS ON THE GREENWith 29 million sold, Volkswagen has had plenty of time to play Golf. It’s been fitting turbodiesel engines to its small hatch for over 20 years, but just how economical is the latest version? Richard Gooding finds out

Evolution and revolution: Mk 7 Golf is still unmistakably a Golf, but is built on a new modular chassis and is packed with technology

VOLKSWAGEN GOLF SE 1.6 TDI



Road Test

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slightly, and crucially, can allow it to be more eco-friendly, something which was borne out on the 386 miles I drove. I spent most of my week with the car in ‘Eco’ mode, and saw a near-10mpg increase in fuel economy values over the non-eco-minded ‘Normal’ mode. Even the air-conditioning goes into an eco shutdown, making this particular Golf the greenest one currently available until the 85g/km BlueMotion arrives in August.

Volkswagen claims the latest Golf is 23 per cent more economical than its predecessor. Its advertising states that you can travel from Exeter to Edinburgh on a single tank of fuel – a distance of 475 miles. OY62 ZKF arrived with a full tank of fuel, stating it had 495 miles left of range. When it left me, the range indicator was reading 135 miles, so when adding that

figure to the 386 miles I’d driven, the theoretical range based on my driving style would have been 521 miles, beating Volkswagen’s distance claim. Over my time with the car, the lowest

average mpg reading was 48.7, while the highest was 60.2. The real-world

tally was 53.7mpg, still some way short of Volkswagen’s

official 74.3mpg combined cycle figure. To help you keep track of your eco endeavours, a touchscreen display informs you of since refuelling, since the

start of your journey, and long-term mpg values.

The engine is relatively torquey – developing its 184lb

ft between 1500–2750rpm, but is a relaxed cruiser, too, the unit spinning

over at 2,000rpm at the legal limit. A gear shift indicator lets the driver know when best to change up or down to score maximum economy.

SMALL HATCHBACK QUALITY BENCHMARKGolfs have always been fuss-free to drive, and the latest version, unsurprisingly, doesn’t veer too much from the path of its predecessors. I’ve driven previous generations and this one feels more dynamic, a little more involving, yet still impressively refined. Volkswagen currently judges its weightings very well – the steering feels sharp and the handling keener than before, while all the controls move with that well-damped VW precision. Ride comfort is another Volkswagen strength, and it excels again here. Built on the new Modular Transverse Matrix platform which will underpin a whole range of Volkswagen Group cars large and small, the Golf deals with road imperfections in a mostly calm and unflustered manner.

The Golf has long held the small hatchback quality benchmark, and for the Mk 7, Volkswagen has upped the quality yet again. The cabin materials wouldn’t feel out of place in an executive saloon, the brushed silver inserts which come with the SE specification, lifting the ambience a little. Some may find it short of flair, but it’s the usual story of restrained elegance with faultless ergonomics.

Juries of motoring journalists have unanimously awarded the Golf both the 2013 European Car of the Year and 2013 World Car of the Year titles, and I can see why. The Golf’s superior blend of build quality, economy, improved dynamics and refinement is an appealing draw. It’s conscientious, composed and discreet, and would fit into your life with minimum fuss. That may be either a blessing or a curse, but the Golf still excels as the near-perfect all-round choice, and for the majority of drivers (of which 68 per cent will be fleet choosing the five-door SE 1.6 TDI tested here), that will be comfort enough. L

ENGINE: 1598cc, four-cylinder diesel

CO2: 99g/km

MPG (combined): 74.3

VED: Band A

BIK: 13%

PRICE (OTR): £20,500 (including VAT. £21,585 as tested)

Volkswagen Golf SE 1.6 TDI

Classy: luxurious materials and good ergonomics permeate the new Golf’s interior

Choice: four types of driving modes can be selected

wide. I understand the payload to be just 500kg, so a cart-horse this is not. Open the driver’s door, reach inside and you can unlock half a door that provides restricted access to behind the bulkhead. Does it have a purpose? If it was twice the size, I would say yes.

This isn’t your typical van interior – style and comfort have been very carefully considered. An armrest gives you the added feeling of being cocooned in the seat, which I adjust, as always, as far back as it will go, and there’s plenty of leg room.

Road

Test

We’re all used to seeing ‘new’ MINI on the roads these days – a chunkier version of the iconic models I grew up with. I’m old enough to remember the old Clubman estate car too, which is the underlying inspiration behind the MINI Clubvan.

Many OEMs have gone down the “I know, lets remove the back seats of our popular small car, fill in the windows and call it a van” route, with Fiesta Van, Corsavan and Punto Van the most obvious examples. But never has it been done in such style or comfort – this vehicle is a headturner.

My test drive model, the highest spec MINI Cooper D Clubvan, came in ‘Pepper White’ – an off-white vision of beauty. I’ve never been a fan black alloys, which seem to be the fashion these days, but in this instance I’m a convert. The 17” Conical Spoke black alloys will set you back and additional £1,130. Worth it? If looks are important to your business, then yes.

Before I hop in, I need to make sure that this is a commercial vehicle. Opening the back doors reveals a load capacity of 860 litres, 1150mm long by 1090mm

AN EXECUTIVE MEMBER OF THE SMALL VAN CLUBRoland Rendell rolls in the Mini Cooper D Clubvan and finds a stylish, comfortable commercial option for fleets which is sure to turn a few heads

Headturner: even in commercial guise, the stylish looks of the MINI remain

MINI COOPER D CLUBVAN



Road Test

Opening

the MINI

Clubvan’s back

doors reveals a load

capacity of 860 litres

and a payload of

500kg – a cart

horse this is

not

CONNECTEDAll the dials are what you expect in a MINI. They’ve kept the iconic dial in the centre of the dashboard that gives you the mph, but this model has a screen inside which is the hub for

sat-nav, Bluetooth, voice control and MINI Connected, which allows

the driver to tuck an iPhone into the built-in USB port

making it ‘at one’ with the hi-res cockpit display. This opens up all sorts of possibilities, including apps to monitor driving efficiency and even update your Twitter status on the move.Through the steering

wheel sits a rev counter, with a digital speedo too, if

you don’t want to glance over to the bigger dial in the middle (not the

ideal place for the speedo, in all honesty). One of a fair few switches is responsible for the interior ‘mood lighting’. Both the footwells, the door panels and even the seatbelt brackets can glow in a multitude of different colours... wow.

This van comes in three different models – the two petrol Clubvan models are the One 1.6 with 98bhp, and the Cooper 1.6 with 122bhp. Our test model, the Cooper D, has a four-cylinder 1.6 diesel producing 112bhp. But power isn’t what you need to worry about as the torque is a really handy 270Nm. Top speed is an alleged 122mph, with 0-62mph in 10.2 seconds.

It comes as a 6-speed manual, with the gear ratios smooth and easy to find, apart from reverse, which I always struggle with on BMW and MINIs. As with all MINIs, the low centre of gravity gives the impression that the 1685kg of weight will stick to the road like glue. Useful in that you do feel

extremely safe, but this could lead to rivers over-doing it with accelerator. And let’s face it, that’s not what we’re about.

Sitting in the usual 5.00pm traffic, the vehicle catches the eye of pedestrians, and will certainly attract people to your business if you get your branding right. What I also noticed is that other van drivers, travelling in the opposite direction, all gave it the once-over as I passed.

DRIVING THE RIGHT WAYThe Clubvan is a very nice drive. Fiddling with the on-board computer shows me the live mpg, and this is where I leave it for the week long road test to see what I can squeeze out of it. Because the Clubvan is so good to drive, eco-techniques aren’t top of the list one finds oneself wanting to do, but over the week I forced myself to give it a nice, steady, 55-60mph dual carriageway stretch to see what mpg I could record. And it didn’t let me down.

Around town, I managed to record anything from 37mpg up to 49.1mpg – nowhere near the Urban figure of 64.2. But when I drove it conservatively, I squeezed 69.8mpg (frustrating as I tried to reach to 70 mark). Official figures are 78.5 Extra Urban and 72.4 Combined. These are difficult to reach, but you won’t fall too far short if you drive the right way.

It handles well with smooth gear changes, great suspension and superb drivability. With 103g/km CO2, it also ticks a green box – if it was a car, that would mean the bare minimum in terms of VED/Road tax. As a commercial vehicle, the VED will be £220.

The basic price is £13,600 + VAT, but the wonderful extras that I had the pleasure of experiencing add another £5k to that, bringing in the top-spec model at £18,592 + VAT (£22,310). MINI Business Partnership has a lease rate, on the basic model, of £225 per month. I loved it. L

ENGINE: 1598cc, four-cylinder diesel

CO2: 103g/km

MPG (combined): 72.4

VED: £220

LENGTH/WIDTH/ HEIGHT (mm): 3961/1913/1426

GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT (kg): 1685

LOAD CAPACITY (litres): 860

PAYLOAD (kg): 500

PRICE (OTR): £17,055 (including VAT)

MINI Cooper D Clubvan

Based on the MINI Clubman, the Clubvan even keeps that car’s rear side door

Load up: there’s 860 litres of space behind the Clubvan’s seats,

as well as an aluminium and stainless steel partition

Comfort: Clubvan interior is as stylish and relaxing as a standard MINIs – no newspapers and takeaways in here



Prod

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Lex Autolease Blake House, Hatchford Way, Birmingham B26 3RZTel: 0800 389 [email protected]

Lex Autolease is the UK’s leading vehicle management and funding specialist. We have in excess of 300,000 vehicles currently under management, making us the UK's largest leasing company. But it’s through delivering world class customer service and developing a true partnership with businesses and public sector organisations, to help them face the challenges of running a fleet, which gives us our competitive edge.

FLEET MANAGEMENT AND FUNDING

The publishers accept no responsibility for errors or omissions in this free serviceADVERTISERS INDEX

FleetdriveHarleyford Marina, Henley RoadMarlow, Buckinghamshire SL7 2DXTel: 0800 [email protected] specialise in helping businesses with 5 – 80 cars or light commercials get best value and great service. Our services include contract hire, finance lease, maintenance, accident management, risk management and rental tied together with our online management system.

CONTRACT HIRE

EDF Energy is working with fleet managers across a variety of sectors, helping to deliver a timely, flexible, cost effective Plug-In Vehicles recharging infrastructure solution. We provide an end-to-end recharging service covering the technical assessment of your site(s), impartial advice on hardware requirements and best price design solutions.

EDF Energy329 Portland Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 5SUTel: 01273 428 [email protected]

COMPLETE VEHICLE RECHARGING SOLUTIONS

QDell LHR Express Cars

91 Station RoadWest Drayton, Middlesex UB7 7LTTel: 01895 444333 [email protected] www.qdelllhr.co.uk

Located near Heathrow airport, airport runs are our speciality, we offer a meet and greet service where uniformed representatives monitor flights, meet your VIPs and escort them to a waiting vehicle. Electric hybrids. Diesel hybrids, electric vehicles are included in our fleet. We use biofuel made from 100% recycled cooking oil.

PRIVATE HIRE/COURIER SERVICES

GreenRoadFleet House, 8-12 New Bridge StreetLondon EC4V 6AL UKTel: 020 7822 8563 www.greenroad.com

GreenRoad is the leader in driver performance and safety management for fleets. The GreenRoad Driver Improvement Loop™ uses technology-based, personalised driver self-improvement to transform driving culture and deliver the best drivers. Proven across over 70,000 drivers worldwide from all industry segments, GreenRoad dramatically reduces crashes, fuel consumption and emissions so customers realise positive ROI within months.

SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Days Contract HireSwansea RoadGarngochSwansea SA4 4LLTel: 0845 815 [email protected]

Days Contract Hire is a unique independent contract hire company servicing private and public sector clients across the UK. Specialists in providing bespoke fleet funding and management solutions for clients of allshapes and sizes.

CONTRACT HIRE

AlphabetForm One, Bartley Wood Business ParkHook, Hampshire RG27 9XA Tel: 0870 50 50 100 [email protected]

GreenCARE is Alphabet’s comprehensive online reporting, analysis and modelling tool designed to help customers reduce their CO2 emissions, fuel and fleet costs, while benchmarking performance against ‘average’ and ‘best in class’ fleet performers. Speak to us today to find out more about how GreenCARE can help to reshape your fleet.

FLEET MAMAGEMENT REPORTING

Alphabet 42EDF Energy 42Fiat 16, 17Ford 4Lex Autolease 26Mercedes 7, 9Mini 12, 13Peugeot 20, 21, 22, 23Quartix 30Renault 14Seat OBCToyota IBCVolvo IFC



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TOYOTA 1308.004 Sub100 Green Fleet Ad_210x297 [3.0].indd 1 28/03/2013 09:25

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