greetings from cern – european organization for nuclear research greetings from cern – european...
TRANSCRIPT
Greetings from CERN –Greetings from CERN – European European
Organization for Nuclear Research Organization for Nuclear Research
Greetings from CERN –Greetings from CERN – European European
Organization for Nuclear Research Organization for Nuclear Research
to all Participants of to all Participants of
NEC’2011NEC’2011
XXIII International Symposium on XXIII International Symposium on
Nuclear Electronics and ComputingNuclear Electronics and Computing
Varna, 12-17 September 2011Varna, 12-17 September 2011
to all Participants of to all Participants of
NEC’2011NEC’2011
XXIII International Symposium on XXIII International Symposium on
Nuclear Electronics and ComputingNuclear Electronics and Computing
Varna, 12-17 September 2011Varna, 12-17 September 2011
CERN Accelerator Complex – Present Upgrade
Programmes and Future Projects
Tadeusz KURTYKA Tadeusz KURTYKA
CERN –Accelerator Sector – Projects Support Office CERN –Accelerator Sector – Projects Support Office
NEC 2011, Varna, 12 September 2011NEC 2011, Varna, 12 September 2011
CERN Accelerator Complex – Present Upgrade
Programmes and Future Projects
Tadeusz KURTYKA Tadeusz KURTYKA
CERN –Accelerator Sector – Projects Support Office CERN –Accelerator Sector – Projects Support Office
NEC 2011, Varna, 12 September 2011NEC 2011, Varna, 12 September 2011
OutlineOutline Large Hadron Collider (LHC) –
present status and upgrade programs
CERN accelerator complex – upgrade and new facilities
R&D on future accelerators – CLIC/CTF3 and ILC
Collaboration aspects
Collaboration aspects- two new elementsCollaboration aspects- two new elements
• New Associate Status approved by CERN Council in 2010 as a form of membership
• Many Projects of the CERN Accelerator sector are done now as Collaborations (similarly to e.g. LHC Experiments).
55
LHC - Large Hadron Collider
7 TeV + 7 TeV
Luminosity = 1034cm-2sec-1
Primary targets: •Origin of mass•Nature of Dark Matter•Primordial Plasma•Matter vs Antimatter
The LHC results will determine the future course of High Energy Physics… and of next accelerators!
Design values:
Collision of proton beams…
…observed in giant detectors
Large Hadron Collider
7
LHC + Experiments: LHC + Experiments: spectacular start-up in 2010spectacular start-up in 2010
Brilliant performances of LHC, experiments and GRID Brilliant performances of LHC, experiments and GRID computingcomputing
First p-p collisions at √s = 7 TeV on 30 March 2010, restart 13 March 2011First p-p collisions at √s = 7 TeV on 30 March 2010, restart 13 March 2011First Pb-Pb collisions at √s = 2.76TeV/N on 7 Nov 2010First Pb-Pb collisions at √s = 2.76TeV/N on 7 Nov 2010
Goal for 2011!Goal for 2011! CMSCMS
ALICE: Pb-Pb ALICE: Pb-Pb
LCG-LHC Computing GRID
A. Siemko
CERN – world biggest accelerator complex
A. Siemko 16/04/2007
CERN accelerator complex as proton injector for LHC
(LINAC 2) 1978
A. Siemko 16/04/2007
CERN accelerator complex as proton injector for LHC
Proton Synchrotron
Booster
(PSB) 1972
A. Siemko 16/04/2007
CERN accelerator complex as proton injector for LHC
Proton Synchrotron
(PS) 1959
PS - 50 years
of service!!
A. Siemko 16/04/2007
CERN accelerator complex as heavy ion injector for LHC
Super Proton Synchrotron
(SPS) 1976
A. Siemko 16/04/2007
CERN accelarator complex as injector of heavy ions to LHC
Low Energy Ion Ring
(LEIR) 2005
A. Siemko 16/04/2007
CERN accelerator complex as proton and heavy ion injector for LHC
Large Hadron Collider
(LHC) 2008
A. Siemko 16/04/2007
CERN accelerator complex, working not only for LHC !
Antiproton Decelerator
(AD) 1999
A. Siemko 16/04/2007
CERN accelerator complex, working not only for LHC
ISOLDE fed by
PSB proton beams;
1967 upgrade 1992.
Now HIE-ISOLDE Project!!
ISOLDE - Isotope Separator On Line, and REX - Radioactive beam EXperiment
An alchemical factory for nuclear physics
Low-energy beams of radioactive isotopes - atomic nuclei. The facility, located at the Proton-Synchrotron Booster (PSB), is like a small alchemical factory, changing one element to another. It produces a total of more than 1000 different isotopes for a wide range of research.
A. Siemko 16/04/2007
CERN accelerator complex, working not only for LHC !
CNGS fed by
SPS proton beams
CNGS – CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso experiment- investigation of the nature of neutrinos
CERN sends muon neutrinos to the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), 732 km away in Italy. There, two experiments, OPERA and ICARUS, wait to find out if any of
the muon neutrinos have transformed into tau neutrinos. To create the neutrino
beam, a proton beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is used.
The present LHC Injector Chain
Present LHC Present LHC InjectorsInjectors
-Linac2 (p, 50 MeV, 1978)-PSB (1.4 GeV, 1972)-PS (28 GeV, 1959)-SPS (450 GeV, 1976)
Two concerns for the future:
1. The reliability of the LHC relies upon a relatively old accelerator chain.
2. To fully exploit the LHC potential we will need to upgrade the injectors.
NEC’11 - Varna, Bulgaria - 12.09.2011 Livio Mapelli
Future HE-LHC – Target output energies
July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble
2-GeV Booster (now 1.4 GeV)
Linac4 160 MeV
SPS+,1.3 TeV (now 450 GeV)
HE-LHC 2030-33
04/21/23 23
24
2022
LS3
Installation of the HL-LHC H/W (accel.& det.s)
Not yet approved!
update of European HEP Roadmap
Plan to continue until around 2030
04/21/23 24
LHC Time-line
~2021/22
2017 or 18
2013/14
2009 Start of LHCStart of LHC
Run 1: 7 TeV centre of mass energy, luminosity ramping up to few 1033 cm-2 s-1, few fb-1 delivered
2030ILC, High energy LHC, ... ?
ILC, High energy LHC, ... ?
Phase-II: High-luminosity LHC. New focussing magnets and CRAB cavities for very high luminosity with levelling
Phase-II: High-luminosity LHC. New focussing magnets and CRAB cavities for very high luminosity with levelling
Injector and LHC Phase-I upgrades to go to ultimate luminosityInjector and LHC Phase-I upgrades to go to ultimate luminosity
LHC shut-down to prepare machine for design energy and nominal luminosity
LHC shut-down to prepare machine for design energy and nominal luminosity
Run 4: Collect data until > 3000 fb-1
Run 3: Ramp up luminosity to 2.2 x nominal, reaching ~100 fb -1 / year accumulate few hundred fb-1
Run 2: Ramp up luminosity to nominal (1034 cm-2 s-1), ~50 to 100 fb-
1
04/21/2325
LHC shut-down 2013-2014 to prepare machine for nominal 7 TeV design energy
and nominal luminosity
Main elements: Main elements:
• Improvement of the injector chain: New Linac4
• Collimators stage 2
• Consolidation of SC splices
• Enhanced protection systems:
– Quench Protection System
– Larger pressure relieve valves
• Consolidation of the existing injection chain (ongoing)
Linac4 accelerating structures – challenging technologies
DTL, 3 – 50 MeV CCDTL, 50 – 100 MeV PIMS, 100 – 160 MeV
7-cell cavities in p-mode (12 cavities)
Prototype testedProduction started 2010
Drift Tube Linac (3 tanks)
Prototype built, under testing.Costruction started 2010
Cell-Coupled Drift Tube Linac (7 modules)
Modules of 3 DTL-type cavities (2 drift tubes), connected by coupling cells.
Prototypes built and tested, construction started in 2010
Linac4 collaborations
H-source RFQ DTL
45 keV 3 MeV 50 MeV 90 MeV 160 MeV
chopper line CCDTL PIMS transfer line to PSBLEBT
80 m
Chopper line in a EU Joint Research ActivityCOMPLETED
CERN with different partners(Bilbao-Spain)
French in-kind contribution: RFQ design & test, RF amplifiers, modulators - approved
ISTC Project (Russia-EU) for CCDTL
Collaboration agreement with Poland
Transfer line vacuum chambers and supports from Pakistan
Tuners, couplers, prototype modulator, waveguides from India, in preparation
Support from DESY (D) for ion source design. Prototype built but needsre-design !!!
Shutdown 2013-2014 – Collaboration aspectsShutdown 2013-2014 – Collaboration aspects
• Many tasks already done in collaboration with external Institutes!
but we count also on..
• Help of external specialists (nearly 100 needed) for the tasks related to the Consolidation of SC splices and the Enhanced protection systems. Specialist teams from Poland - Krakow, Russia – Protvino, JINR-Dubna, Pakistan… will hopefully help us, most of them with the previous experience of the LHC Commissioning!
30
Enhanced QPSLarger relief valves2 DN200 / dipole (DS and mid-arc)
LHC - Enhanced Protection Systems – JINR contribution
Team from JINR Dubna
Teams from JINR Dubna and IHEP Protvino
Phase I Upgrade: 2017-2018: Injector and LHC upgrade to higher luminosity
(up to 2.2 x nominal)
Main elements: Main elements:
• New magnets for Interaction Regions?
• Collimators
• Consolidation of the existing injection chain (ongoing)
• Cryogenics for new RF
• Preparation for Crab cavities
Phase II Upgrade: 2021-2022: High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC)
Main elements: Main elements:
• New high field insertion quadrupoles (and some other special magnets)
• CRAB cavities for very high luminosity with levelling
• Upgrade of the intensity in the injector chain
• Upgraded Collimator system
HL-LHC and HE-LHC: Collaboration aspectsHL-LHC and HE-LHC: Collaboration aspects
Most of the work is done through collaborations and with coordination of ICFA, Eucard, EU….
HL-LHC composition
WP1 Project Management and Technical Coordination
WP2 Accelerator Physics and Performance
WP3 Magnet Design
WP5 IR Collimation
WP6 Cold Powering
WP4 Crab Cavities
HiLumi LHC
WP7 Machine Protection
WP8 Collider-Experiment Interface
WP9 Cryogenics
WP10 Energy Deposition and shielding
WP11 11 tesla dipole two-in-one
WP12 Integration & (de)installation
Non-HiLumi LHC
HL-LHC Design Study
CollimationProject
Matching section and correctors
Beam Diagnostics
High Field Magnets R&D
HE-LHC Studies Hardware Commissioning
15-04-2011 34L.Rossi @ HL kick off internal day
HiLumi is the focal point of 20 years of converging International collaboration
• The collaboration wiht US on LHC upgrade started during the construction of LHC
• EU programs have been instrumental in federating all EU efforts
• With Hi-Lumi the coordination makes a step further: from coordinated R&D to a common project
• CERN is not anymore the unique owner, rather is the motor and cathalizer of a wider effort.
• Managed like a large detector collaboration (with CERN in special position as operator of LHC)
23 July 2011 LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-EPS2011
35
Large participation FP7 HiLumiapplication 25 Nov 2010
23 July 2011LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-
EPS201136
Participant no.
Participant organisation name Short name
Country
1 (Coord-inator)
European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN IEIO1
2 Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives
CEA France
3 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS France
4 Stiftung Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Germany
5 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN Italy
6 Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics BINP Russia
7 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC Spain
8 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL Switzerland
9 Royal Holloway, University of London RHUL UK
10 University of Southampton SOTON UK
11 Science & Technology Facilities Council STFC UK
12 University of Lancaster ULANC UK
13 University of Liverpool UNILIV UK
14 University of Manchester UNIMAN UK
15 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization KEK Japan
16 Brookhaven National Laboratory BNL USA
17 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab)
FNAL USA
18 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LBNL USA
19 Old Dominion University ODU USA
20 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory SLAC USA
1 International European Interest Organisation
cz
crossing angle reduces the luminosity
• luminosity loss comes from imperfect geometric overlap• it becomes significant if zc/2>x
* or piw>1 with piw=zc/(2x*) the
“Piwinski angle”
F. Zimmermann & R. Calaga
23 July 2011 37LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-
EPS2011
crab crossing restores bunch overlap
c
• RF crab cavity deflects head and tail in opposite direction so that collision is effectively “head on” for luminosity and tune shift
• bunch centroids still cross at an angle (easy separation)• 1st proposed in 1988, in operation at KEKB since 2007
→ world record luminosity!
F. Zimmermann & R. Calaga
23 July 2011 38LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-
EPS2011
And futrher.....2030??: High Energy LHC (HE-LHC)
Main issues: Main issues: • High field 20 T dipole magnets based on Nb3Sn,
Nb3Al, and HTS
• High gradient quadrupole magnets for arc and IR
• Fast cycling SC magnets for 1 TeV injector
• ................
Is there a further exploitation of the LHC tunnel and infrastructure?
23 July 2011LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-
EPS201140
We need to go faster than for LHC recovering the track on the straightline.But LHC « suffered » from LEP and LEP II endeavour
Looking at performance offered by practical SC, considering tunnel size and basic engineering (forces, stresses, energy) the practical limits is around 20 T. This could be compared to a 40 T solenoid!
LARP (US LHC program) Magnets
SQSM TQS
LR
LQS-4m
HQTQC
23 July 2011 41LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-
EPS2011
CERN: recent achievement of 12.5 T in a (first) 400 mm Nb3Sn coil!
23 July 2011LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-
EPS201142
12.5 tesla level
10 tesla level
Superconducting linac (160 MeV 4 GeV) with ejection at intermediate energy
Length: ~430 m
Medium cryomodul
e
High cryomodule
sEje
cti
on
9 x 6=0.65 cavities
5 x 8=1
cavities
14 x 8=1
cavitiesTT
6 to
ISO
LD
E
Debunchers
To
PS
2
High cryomodule
s
Fro
m L
inac
4
0 m0.16 GeV
110 m0.73 GeV
186 m1.4 GeV
427 m4 GeV
Generic StudyGeneric StudySuperconducting Proton LinacSuperconducting Proton Linac - Block diagram- Block diagram
Prototype: Elliptical 5 cell bulk Niobium cavities
from G. Devanz – HIPPI meeting Nov. 2007
SPL Technology – Superconducting CavitiesSPL Technology – Superconducting Cavities
Future Linear Colliders - studies on CLIC and ILC
Competition of two concepts of linear electron-positron colliders:
CLIC – Compact Linear Collider, developed by CLIC Collaboration (CERN), 3 TeV , based on warm RF cavities at 12 GHz, with novel concept of two beams;Tested at CLIC Test Facility (CTF3).
ILC – International Linear Collider (international collaboration), 0.5 TeV, based on Superconducting cavities.
…..Competition but also cooperation CLIC – ILC !!!
CLIC - two-beam acceleration concept
• The high RF power to accelerate the main beam is extracted from a second high-intensity relativistic electron beam, the so-called ‘drive beam’ that runs parallel to the main beam. The drive beam is decelerated to provide the RF power to accelerate the main beam itself.
The two-beam concept has been successfully tested at CTF3 (CLIC Test Facility)
CLIC - Layout @ 3 TeV (not to scale)
Drive Beam Generation
Complex
Main Beam Generation
Complex
Courtesy of JP Delahaye
48EPAC 2008 CLIC / CTF3 G.Geschonke, CERN
Helsinki Institute of Physics (Finland) IAP (Russia)IAP NASU (Ukraine)Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (Spain)INFN / LNF (Italy)J.Adams Institute, (UK)
University of Oslo (Norway)PSI (Switzerland),Polytech. University of Catalonia (Spain)RRCAT-Indore (India)Royal Holloway, Univ. London, (UK) SLAC (USA)Uppsala University (Sweden)
Ankara University (Turkey)BINP (Russia)CERNCIEMAT (Spain)Cockcroft Institute (UK)Gazi Universities (Turkey)IRFU/Saclay (France)
JINR (Russia)JLAB (USA) KEK (Japan) LAL/Orsay (France) LAPP/ESIA (France)NCP (Pakistan)North-West. Univ. Illinois (USA)
27 collaborating institutes
http://clic-meeting.web.cern.ch/clic-meeting/CTF3_Coordination_Mtg/Table_MoU.htm24 members representing 27 institutes involving 17 funding agencies of 15 countries
World-wide CLIC / CTF3 collaboration
CLIC – Collaboration aspectsCLIC – Collaboration aspects
Call for contributions for the next development stage 2011-2016 now under discussion
13 Work Packages - development and construction of critical CLIC components and technologies
Concluding...Concluding...
Accelerator projects – multidisciplinary tasks requiringcollaboration of Physicists with top specialists from various branches of Engineering and Industry:
• Electrical• Vacuum and UH Vacuum• Mechanical• Cryogenics• Electronics and Controls• Materials / Surface techniques• Instrumentation• Computing• …and for Large Projects, also
…..Civil Engineering, Survey specialists, Environmental expertise…
Thank youBlagodaria
Spasibo
Thank youBlagodaria
Spasibo