greetings from copenhagen · facing the new challenges • climate change • food shortage •...
TRANSCRIPT
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Buenos dias, queridos colegas
Cadastre and Land Management
A Global Approach
Prof. Stig Enemark
President
Aalborg University, Denmark
XI INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSOF GEOMATICS, GEODESY, TOPOGRAPHY AND CADASTRE IN REAL-TIME
SAN JOSÉ, COSTA RICA, 16 - 18 September 2010
Greetings from Copenhagen
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Greetings from the Home Base
100 FIG Member Associations from 83 Countries34 affiliates, 35 corporate, 18 correspondents, 89 academic members
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Beautiful Costa Rica
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Outline of Presentation
Land Administration Systems
• Rights – Restrictions – Responsibilities
• Significance of the Cadastre
Education and Professional Practice
• The Role of Land Professionals
• The Educational Profile
Cadastral Systems
The concept of the multipurpose cadastre
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Sistemas catastrales
A Worldwide Comparison of Cadastral Systems
www.cadastraltemplate.org
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International best practice
• Ideally land and title registration should be unified in only one
institution.
• Two separate institutions may also work –
but only if there is a clear split of duties and responsibilities and
if there is a clear linkage between the two institutions.
• The unique parcel identifier should work as that link
Land parcel registration Land title registration
Unique land parcel identifier
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LAS provide the infrastructure for implementation of land policesand land management strategies in support of sustainable development.
Land Tenure: the allocation and security of rights in lands; the legal surveys of boundaries; the transfer of property through sale or lease; and the management; adjudication of disputes regarding rights and boundaries.Land Value: the assessment of the value of land and properties; the gathering of revenues through taxation; and the management and adjudication of land valuation and taxation disputes.Land-Use: the control of land-use through adoption of planning policies and land-use regulations at various levels; the enforcement of land-use regulations; and the management and adjudication of land-use conflicts.Land Development: the building of new infrastructure; the implementation of construction planning; and the change of land-use through planning permission and granting of permits.
Sistemas de ordenamiento territorial…
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Williamson, Enemark, Wallace, Rajabifard, 2010
What is a good property system ?
• People in general can participate in the land market;
widespread ownership; everybody can make transactions
and have access to registration• The infrastructure supporting transactions must be simple,
fast, cheap, reliable, and free of corruption.
• The system provides safety for housing and business, and
for capital formation
Only 25-30 countries in the world
apply to these criteria.
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Understanding the Land Management Paradigm
Land Management includes all activities associated with the management of land and natural resources that are required to fulfill political objectives and
achieve sustainable development.
El paradigma del manejo de la tierra
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1. Multipurpose Cadastre(German style)
2. Title or deedstenure styleCadastres(Torrens/English style)
3. Taxation driven cadastre(French/Latin/USA style)
Tenure
Value
Use
Development
Incorporating:
Land policy
SpatiallyenabledLAS
Services tobusinessandpublic
Countrycontext
Sustainabledevelopment
- Economic- Environmental- Social- Governance
Cadastralengines…
Land management
paradigm
Spatially enabled
government
ParcelsPropertiesBuildingsRoads
Inte
gra
ted
fu
nct
ion
s
SDIMapping agencies
and other data providers
Better decision making
Significance of the Cadastre
Outline of Presentation
Land Administration Systems
• Rights – Restrictions – Responsibilities
• Significance of the Cadastre
Education and Professional Practice
• The Role of Land Professionals
• The Educational Profile
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The Surveyors Profile
TechniquesEngineer
LawsLawyer
DesignArchitect
Real Property
Spatial Information
Management
SurveyingMapping
Land AdministrationSpatial Planning
Chartered Surveyor
Mapping
EngineeringSurveys
GIS-Systems
CadastralWorks
Land Management
Spatial Planning
Consultancies
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The only constant is change ….
Private Licensed Surveyors
• Liberal profession (such as lawyers, veterinarians, etc.)
• Licensed for boundary determination and cadastral work such as parceling out
• Work areas also include:MappingEngineering surveysGIS Consultancy on real estate and land law issues
• About 1 licensed surveyor for 10,000 people
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The Cadastral Process
• The cadastral procedures must be controlled through firm regulations.
• The duties of the local land offices must be clearly defined and monitored.
• The qualifications and liability of the private professionals such as the surveyors should be ensured through requirements for license, liability, and code of ethics.
TechniquesEngineer
LawsLawyer
DesignArchitect
Real Property
Spatial Information
Management
SurveyingMapping
Land AdministrationSpatial Planning
Chartered Surveyor
Mapping
EngineeringSurveys
GIS-Systems
CadastralWorks
Land Management
Spatial Planning
Consultancies
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The Educational Profile of the Future
The Aalborg Curriculum
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Educational Profiles in Europe
http://www.fig.net/pub/CLGE-FIG-delft/report-1.htm
Current Policies
Is the role of the Surveyors changing ?
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From MeasurementSurveyors will still be high level experts within measurement
science, but due to technology development the role is
changing into managing the measurements
To Management
Surveyors will increasingly contribute to building sustainable
societies as experts in managing land and properties
The Land Professionals
Policies - the big swing
Facing the new challenges
• Climate change• Food shortage• Energy scarcity• Urban growth• Environmental degradation• Natural disasters• Global financial crisis
All these challenges relate to governance and management of land The surveyors – the land professionals - play a key role
Global partnership drives development for achieving the MDGs
Global recognition national recognition local recognition
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The role of the land professionals
Dealing with the land issue will require skills in the following areas:
• High level geodesy models to predict future change• Modern surveying and mapping tools to support management and
implementation• Spatial data infrastructures to support decision making on the natural
and built environment• Secure tenure systems and sustainable systems for land valuation,
land use management and land development• Systems for transparency and good governance
Land governance is an interdisciplinary and cross-cutting area mixing technical, natural and social science
Land Administration for Sustainable DevelopmentWilliamson, Enemark, Wallace and Rajabifard 487 pagesPublisher - ESRI Press Academic, 2010
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MUCHAS GRACIAS POR SU ATENCIÓN