GrenacheNoir:Morethanjustablendingcomponent?

DewaldtHeyns

May2017

Introduc?on•  SecondmostplantedvarietyaBerAiren•  S?llliDleknowninspiteofitsvolume•  Tradi?onallyseenasblendingcomponent•  Someofthemostexpensivesinglevarietalwines•  Versa?leandflexible•  Reflectsitsterroir•  Canhandleheatorsunshine,windanddrought•  Thrivesonavarietyofsoils•  Highvigour,highyieldpoten?al•  Impressiveplan?ngofoldvinesaroundtheworld

Muta?onsandCrosses

•  GrenacheNoir•  GrenacheBlanc–France’sfourthmostwidelyplantedwhitevariety•  GrenacheGris–SouthernFranceandSardinia–paleroséandlightly

?ntedwhitewines•  “HairyGrenache"(GarnachaPeludainSpain)–vineleafhasadowny

underside.Muta?onorcloselyrelated?

•  GarnachaTintorera(AlicanteBouschet)–GrenacheNoirxPe?teBouschet•  Marselan(plantedinLanguedoc)–GrenachexCabernetSauvignon•  CaladocNoir–GrenacheNoirxCôtNoir•  ChenansonNoirandGanson–GrenacheNoirxJurançonNoir•  GramonNoirandMoneracNoir–GrenacheNoirxAramonNoir•  PortanNoir–GrenacheNoirxPortugaisBleuNoir

Synonyms

•  Abundante,Aleante,AleantediRivalto,AleantePoggiarelli,AlicantBlau,Alicante,AlicanteGrenache,Aragones,BoisJaune,Cannonaddu,CannonaduNieddu,Cannonau,CannonauSelvaggio,Canonazo,Carignanerosso,Elegante,Francese,GamaydelTrasimeno,Garnacchonegro,GarnachaComun,Garnachanegra,GarnachaRoja,Garnacha?nta,Garnatxanegra,GarnatxaPais,Gironet,Granaccia,Granaxa,Grenachenoir,Grenacherouge,KekGrenache,Lladoner,Mencida,Navaro,Navarra,NavarredelaDordogne,Navarro,NegruCalvese,Ranconnat,RedGrenache,Redondal,RetagliaduNieddu,Rivesaltes,RoussillonTinto,Roussillon,Rouvaillard,SansPareil,SantaMariadeAlcantara,Ten?llo,Tintella,Tin?lla,TintoMenudo,TintoNavalcarnero,Tocairosso,Toledana,UvadiSpagna

HistoryofGrenache•  NorthEastregionofAragon,Spain1200-1300•  SpreadwithinKingdomofAragontoSardinia,Sicily,Naples,Roussillon,

Corsica•  Men?onedbyEustacheDeschampsinFrancearound1400•  17th-18thcenturyBurgundianwinemerchantsusedittobeefuptheir

wines–morepopularintheChâteauneuf-du-Pape,GigondasandVacqueyrasregions.

•  Post-phylloxeraplan?ngfavouredGrenachein19thcentury.CanbefoundallovertheMediterranean.

•  Sardinia–3200-year-oldseedshavebeenfound•  Australia–JamesBusby1832(Perpignan),1844ChristopherRawson

Penfold(SouthofFrance),un?l1960oneofthemostwidelyplantedreds•  California–CharlesLefranc1857,soonsecondmostplantedvarietyaBer

Carignan

GrenacheToday•  USA(2000,4519hato2666ha)andAustralia(1979,42000hato

11000hain2010)replacedbyCabernetSauvignon,Shiraz,Merlotetc.

•  Spain,Navarra23336hain1976–2632ha2012,RiojareplacedbyTempranillo

•  EUvinepullingschemes1988and2010.•  Franceno1producer,onlycul?varshowinggrowth(24800hain

1958to94000hain2010)•  Asof2010,plan?ngsofGrenacheworldwideareroughly200000

ha:–  184735haGrenacheNoir–  7370haGrenacheBlanc–  1232haHairyGrenache–  2429haGrenacheRosé

France•  Vaucluse,Gard,Herault,Drome,Aude,VarandPyreneesOrientales

•  SecondmostplantedgrapevarietyaBerMerlot–94000ha

•  60-90%ofthewineinChateauneuf-du-Pape,VacqueyrasandGigondas

•  RasteauAOC(changedin2009),LiracAOCandTavelAOC(roséonly)

•  Co?eresdeNimes,CotesduVentouxandProvence–Grenacheisnotasdominant(Syrah)

•  Languedoc-Roussillon–38000haof283000ha

Spain

•  70000+haofGrenachevines•  CanbefoundinalmosteveryDenominacióndeOrigen(DO)inSpain,e.g.Calatayud,CampodeBorja,CariñenaandSomontanoinAragon,Priorat,MontsantandTerraAltainCataluña,AlmansaandLaManchainCas?llaLaMancha,VinosdeMadrid,NavarraandRioja.

•  Mostlythenorthernandnorth-easternparts

Italy

•  KnownasCannonauinSardinia(CannonaduorCanonau)

•  Oneoftheprincipalgrapesoftheisland,producingdeeplycoloured,full-bodiedredwines

•  Alcohollevelsaround15%•  Closeto7500ha•  70%concentratedinthecentralareaoftheislandintheNuoroprovince

•  OutsideofSardinia–Sicily,Umbria(inTrasimenoLakearea)andCalabria

Australia

•  FiBhmostplantedredgrapevarietyinAustralia–1800ha•  Oncedominated•  Sufferedfromgovernmentuproo?ngschemesin80sandmove

fromsweetfor?fiedstoclassicalvarie?essince60s•  Shiraz(42000ha),CabernetSauvignon(25000ha),Merlot(9200

ha)andPinotNoir(5000ha).•  MostGrenacheisplantedinSouthernAustralia’sBarossa(518ha)

andMcLarenVale(354ha).•  Barossa20%,McLarenVale19%,Riverland15%,LanghorneCreek

11%,SwanHill10%–top5areas.•  Bothregionshaveatreasureofoldvines,someofthemmorethan

125yearsold,plantedontheirownrootstocksonsandysoilsunaffectedbyphylloxera.

•  PopularinGSMblends.•  ResurgenceinsinglevarietalboDlings–oldvines

UnitedStates

•  3885haofGrenacheplantedinCaliforniaandsomeinWashington.

•  Despitedecades’longdecline,since1995,404haofGrenachehasbeenplantedinhigh-qualityCaliforniancoastalloca?ons.

•  RhoneRangersandriseinGSMblendsrenewedinterest.

GrenacheintheVineyard

•  DrLindaBisson,UCDavis:“Grenacheisnotdifficulttoripen…itmaybeoneofthemostdifficultgrapestoworkwith,perhapsmoredifficultthanPinotNoir”.

•  Grenacheshowsitsterroirintheglass•  Sensi?vetovineyardloca?on,soilandvintagevaria?ons,thussiteselec?onis

fundamental•  Topinterna?onalsites–deep,welldrainedsoils,inducingmoderatevigourwith

moderatetolowwateravailability•  Dry-farmingorminimalirriga?onisadvised.•  Doeswellinwindyareasduetostronguprightgrowthofcanes.•  Controllingthevine’svigourisessen?al.•  Suffersfrom“deadarm”orEutypadieback•  Moderatesuscep?bilitytoPhomopsis•  Sensi?vetodownymildew,especiallyincool,wetgrowingcondi?ons•  Findingsuitableexcellentclonesisachallenge•  FrenchcloneGN70isveryproduc?ve,mostwidelyplantedinFranceandSA.•  1064,513and516fromVi?tecisbeDer•  Interna?onalcloneswithpoten?al:US(Clone2D),France(ENTAV-INRA136and435),

Spain(clonesfromNavarra–EVENA11,EVENA13,EVENA14andEVENA15,VN-QUALITAS,clonesfromCas?llayLeon–CL55,clonesfromAragon–ARA2andARA24,clonesfromRioja–RJ21).

•  Selectadroughtresistantrootstockthatinducemoderatevigour–R110•  PlantGrenacheasbushvinesheadpruned

•  Budsfairlyearly•  Requiresplentyofsunshineandcantoleratesustainedsummer

temperaturesof40°C•  Needalonggrowingcyclestoachievephenolicripeness•  Nitrogenfer?lisa?onshouldbelimited–showsitsbestatlowyields•  Indicatorcul?varformagnesiumdeficiency•  Pruningshouldbeseveretocontrolthenumberofbudsandspurs•  Trimmingthe?psofdevelopingshootsneartheendoftheflowering

periodtolessenincidenceofcouloure(afspeen)•  Suckering/shootthinninginspringandearlysummertocontrolthe

numberofshootspervine•  Greenharvest/bunchremovalaBerveraisonisessen?al–bigbunches,

withbigshoulders.•  Grenacheclustersarecompactandcanbesubjecttobunchrotat

harvest,thusbasalleavesmayberemovedfollowingfruitset•  Useofpermanentcovercropstodevigoratethevinescanbe

considered.•  Toproducepremiumwines,yieldsof35hl/haorlessare

recommended,colourandextrac?onsufferswithhighyields

Clones•  CharlesVisser–threeclonesofGrenacheNoiravailable–French

clonesENTAV-INRA70,513,516and1064.•  Vi?tecimportedfromAustraliain2005–GN–179,33,SAVI6•  Clone70mostplanted–averagetohighproduc?onclone,berry/

spicyaromas,cansome?meslackstructureandcolour•  Clone513–averagetolowerfer?lity,averagetolowervigour

clone,goodquality,higherpolyphenolsandmediumcompactbunches

•  Clone516–averageproduc?on,winetypicalofcul?var•  Clone1064–lowerproduc?on,smalltomediumbunches,high

winequality,winewithgoodtanninstructure.•  Wehavelimitedclonescapableofproducinghighqualitywines

available.

Whentoharvest?

Figure7–Evolu;onofGrenacheduringripening(year1999,Rhône)

•  Comparedwithothergrapevarie?es,Grenachecontainsalowamountofanthocyanins,

composedmostlyof3-glucosidemalvidine(75%ofallanthocyanins),acomponentthatoxidiseseasilyundertheinfluenceoftemperatureandlight.

•  Grenacheberriesarecharacterisedbyahard,tannicandherbaceousskinthataDainsitscolourlateduringripening,takingsome?meun?lberrycoloura?oniscomplete.

•  ThroughoutmaturityGrenachedevelopsintensefruityaromaswithanevolu?ontowardsthejammy/confitureflavourspectrumifleBtoolate.

•  Seedsretaingreencharactersthroughoutripeningandonlyreachmaturitylate.•  WhenGrenacheisharvestedtooearly,thepoten?alalcoholdeficitisnormallyfollowedby

colourdeficitandgreentannins.•  Sugarripenessandphenolicripenessarenormallynotaligned.

•  Grapesarenormallyharvestedriperforlongerageingwineswherecolourandstructureareimportant;winesdevelopspicyaromas,alongwithripefruitandpoten?allycookedandjammyfruitnoteswhenpushingripenesslimits.

•  Winesdes?nedforearlyconsump?on,tanninandcolourextrac?onarelessimportantandthegoalnormallyistoharvesttofavourredfruitandberrycharacter.

•  Differentschoolsofthought:MontseNadal,professorofOenologyatTarragonaUniversity,commentsthatachievingphenolicripenessislesscri?calcomparedtoothergrapevarie?esbecauseofGrenache’slowerphenoliccontent–thusaimforloweralcohol,higheracidsandlessoverripeflavours.ZelmaLongisoftheopinionthatinGrenachethesilkinessoftextureandthesoBnessofthewinecomesinpartfromripetannins.

•  Regardingthealcoholdebate,oneshouldkeepinmindtheopinionofthemarket,sommeliersandotheropinionformers.

•  Thedecisionvariesdependingonthefruitmaturityassessment,theexperienceofthewinemakerandthetypeofwinethewinemakerhasinmind.

WineStyles•  Grenache–diversevarietyofwinestylesadaptedtomarket

preference.•  White,roséandsinglevarietalred,asablend,dryorsweetand

for?fied,evensparkling•  Stylewillfirstlybedeterminedbyvineage

Rosé•  Freshberryfruitaromas•  SoBtanninstructure•  Delicatecolour•  Highyieldcapability–economicallyviable•  Achievewinestylethatappealstoabroadmarket•  IdeallysuitedforRoséproduc?on–especiallyyoungervineyards

RoséTavelstyle:•  Redgrapesonly•  Macera?on12-36hours•  Propor?onkeptlongeronskinsorpresswineisused•  Moretannic,powerfulanddarker•  Stainlesssteelfermenta?on•  Minimalornooak•  MLFop?onal•  Alcohol11%minimum,13,5%max•  Brightpink–lightrubycolour•  Profusionofberries–strawberry,raspberry,sweatmeats,jam•  Freshacidity,grippytannin,flintstone,spice–foodwineNavarrastyle:•  100%Grenache•  Freerunjuice–saignée•  Stainlesssteelfermenta?on•  Redberryfruit–cherry,strawberry,plum•  Extendedleescontact,richmouthfeel,dryfinish

Red–Fruit-drivenstyle•  Youngervines,lessthan15yearsold•  Brightbrilliantredcolour•  Upfrontredberryfruit–cherry,plum,strawberryflavours•  Alcohol13,5%–avoidoverripeflavours•  SoBmouthfeel,roundtannin,gentletoovertspicedependingonwholebunch

use,mediumbodied•  Yields5+ton/ha•  Winemakingadaptedtogentlehandlingofgrapesand‘soB-hands’approachto

fermenta?on•  Whole-bunchfermenta?onop?onaltoprovidestructure•  Minimalornonewoak•  Propor?onagedinstainlesssteel,cementtanksorbigvats–12months•  Makethemostofthe15%allowedforblending•  Corkmostcommonlyused–screwcaphaspoten?alforthisstyle•  Ageingpoten?alofboDledwines5-6years•  Market-drivenapproach–consumerfriendly

Red–Boldstyle•  Vineyardageiscrucial•  Siteselec?on,high-qualityclones•  Associatedwithlowyields–2-5ton/ha•  Pronouncedspice,savoury,bold,rich,darkripefruit,

earthynotes,poten?allyhigheralcohols,creamyfull-bodiedtextureandpalatelength.Oxida?vestyle?

•  L’ErmitafromAlvaroPalacios–80+years,16monthsin100%newFrenchoakbarrels

•  ClosErasmus–40+years,18monthsinnewFrenchoak•  ChateauRayas–60+years,fermentsincementtanksand

maturesinoldfoudresforaroundoneyear

Inablend•  WhereGrenachehasauniqueniche•  WorldfamouswineshaveGrenacheasabaseorpartofmake-up

•  Cherry,redberryflavours,provideseleganceandasilkytexturetotheblendwithsubtlespice.

•  Rhone-styleblends(GSM,SGM,SGMV,SGV,SGetc.)havebecomepopular

•  Shiraz,Mourvedre,Carignan,Cinsaut,CabernetSauvignon,Merlottoboostthestructure,colourandfruitprofileandcancelinherentweaknessesofthecul?var

Region Grenache Carignan Syrah Mourvèdre Cinsault Tempranillo Other

Châteauneuf-du-Pape Primary Secondary Secondary Ter?ary Cinsault,Muscardin,Counoise

,ClaireDe,Bourbulenc

Gigondas Primary Secondary Secondary Secondary Cinsault,ClaireDe,TerretNoir,Cournoise,Picardin

Rasteau Primary Ter?ary Ter?ary Secondary

Vacqueyras Primary Recentlyauthorised Secondary Secondary

Tavel Primary Secondary Secondary Primary Bourboulenc,ClareDe,Picpoul

Lirac Primary Ter?ary Secondary Secondary Ter?ary

Rioja Secondary Secondary Primary Mazuelo

Priorat Primary Primary Secondary Cabernet,Merlot

Aragon Primary Secondary Secondary

Washington Secondary Primary Ter?ary

California Secondary Primary Secondary

Barossa(GSM) Primary Secondary Ter?ary

McLarenVale(GSM) Primary Ter?ary Secondary Ter?ary

Vineageandquality

•  Correla?onbetweenwinequalityandvineage•  Nostandarddefini?onoftheEnglishterm“oldvines”,French“viellesvignes”,

Spanish“viñasviejas”,Italian“vignavecchia”orGerman“altereben”.•  DOCalatayud,Spain,anewcategoryofredwinescalledCalatayudSuperior–85%

fromGrenacheNoir,atleast50yearsold,max3500kgperhectare.“Viñasviejas”–vinesatleast35yearsoldmax4500kgperhectare.

•  LouisBarruol,ChâteaudeSaintCosme(Gigondas,France):“formeanoldvineisolderthan50years”.

•  USandCalifornialackaprecisedefini?on.•  Chile–notanagreeddefini?on,acceptedamongtopproducersthat“viñasviejas”

areatleast60yearsold.•  RosaKruger,SouthAfrica:35yearsold.•  Australia–Barossa-basedproducerYalumbacreatedanOldVineCharter,which

statesthat:–  Anoldvineisavine35yearsorolder.–  Anan?quevine(orveryoldvine)isavine70yearsorolder.–  Acentenarianvine(orexcep?onallyoldvine)isavine100yearsorolder.–  Atri-centenaryvine(orvery,bloodyexcep?onallyoldvine)isavinewhoselifehas

spannedthreecenturies.

“Oldvinesproducegreatwinebecauseofitsrootstructure–theamountanddepththeyreachisinsyncwiththeclimate,neverexcessivelyvigorousandfocusedonsurvivalratherthangrowth.”–RosaKrugerTheyself-regulate,havenaturallylowyields,smallerberries,beDeracidity,ripensearlier,aremoreconsistentyeartoyear.

“Virdieeersteveer?gjaarmaakjyrosé.Eersdanprobeerjyrooiwynmaak.”–JanCoetzee

Grenacheandoxida?onAcul?varthatreactstolove,butdoesn’tforgivemistakes…

•  Grenachebeingpronetooxida?oniswidelyreferencedinmedia•  ThewinedevelopsquicklyintheboDle.•  Lighterincolour–researchperformedinRhôneValley–Grenachehas

loweranthocyanintotalcontent(141mg/ℓ)thanSyrah(404mg/ℓ)andMourvedre(292mg/ℓ)),soBtanninstructure,moderateacidity,poten?allyhigherpH.Overripestyleshistoricallyproducedprovidelessofabuffer,makesthecul?varlessforgivingandmorepronetooxida?on.

•  Coupledwith‘oldworld’tradi?onalwinemakingapproach,useofcementtanks,ancientoldfoudresandrus?ccellarenvironmentwithlimitedtemperaturecontrolduringageing–resultintheoxidisedstyleweassociatewithSouthernRhone

•  Withmodernwinemakingprac?cesandconscien?ouswinemakersthatarequalityfocuseditshouldnotposesuchabigproblem.

•  Asawinemakeritissomethingtotakenoteof–widelyacceptedaspartofthemake-upofthecul?varand‘thestyle’.

Inthecellar(Collec?vewisdom)•  Thestyleofwineyouproduceshouldbedictatedbyyourvineyardand

adaptedaccordingly.•  Gethealthygrapes!•  Selectthebestbunchesinthevineyard.•  Handpickinshallowcratesinthecoolofthemorningtonotbreakberries

andoxidisejuice•  Quicklytransporttothecellar.SO2addi?onsifmechanicalharves?ngis

done.•  Pre-coolingofgrapespriortoprocessingcanbebeneficialtopreserve

freshnessoffruit–ClosErasmusinPrioratsortsitsgrapesonselec?ontablesbeforedestemmingandfermenta?on.Priortothis,grapesarerefrigeratedat2°Cfor24hourstoretainfreshnessandavoidoxida?on.

•  Wholebunchfermenta?ons?Addtannin,structure,texture,longevity,flavour(spice),frac?onallyloweralcohol.Ripetannin?Bestbunches/vineyardsselec?onimpera?ve.Nega?ve–greentannin,vegetalcookedcharacter,diluteflavours.

•  Bunchsor?ngisrecommended.•  Destemmingwilldependonthehousestyle.•  Berrysor?ngishighlyrecommended.Singlesor?ng,double

sor?ngandeventriplesor?ngiscommonprac?ceforGrenache.

•  Ileave20-30%berrieswholedependingonthevintageandcolouroftheskins.Itenhancestheredfruitcomponent

•  Bleedingofthejuice.•  SO2adjustmentassoonaspossibleaBerdestemmingand

chrushing.•  Acidadjustment!Grenacheisagrapevarietythatpresents

moderateacidcontent.•  Tanninaddi?ontomust–stabilisecolourandan?oxidant.•  USA–water.Chapou?erexperimented.•  Enzymeforcolourextrac?on.

•  Coldsoak–under12°CwithCO2blanketorinertgas.Minimalorclosedpump-overs.

•  Slowandregularalcoholicfermenta?on,25-28°C•  Toyeastornottoyeast?•  Pump-overorpunch-downoracombina?ondependingonthegrapesand

desiredwine•  Aira?onduringfermenta?on–dependentonthefermenta?onstage.•  Fermenta?oninstainlesssteel,foudres,cementtanks.•  MLF–tradi?onalbarrels,stainlesssteel,cementtanks,500liter

puncheons,600literdemi-muid,foudres.•  Grenacheisknownforlowermalicacidlevels–whereitisgrown?•  SulphurimmediatelyaBermalolac?cfermenta?on.•  Ageingonlees•  Newoak?•  Lengthofageing–average12months.Vesselsvary.•  Rigidtoppingregime.•  Blending–commonlyblendedwithTempranillo,Carignan,Syrah,

Mourvèdre,CinsaultandevenwithMerlotandCabernetSauvignon.

StatusofGrenacheinSA•  Onetheory–JamesBusbytookacloneofGrenachefrom

PerpignantoAustraliain1832–thevarietycouldhavebeenleBintheCapeenroute.

•  1971,DieBurger–NapoleondrankCitrusdalChian?whileexiledinStHelena.

•  In1907ProfessorPeroldprovedthatGarnachawhichhehadimportedfromRioja,SpainwassimilartotheGrenacheNoirofMontpellierinFranceandtothelocalcul?var.

•  SAWIS–455haofGrenacheNoir(344ha)andBlanc(110ha)plantedinSouthAfrica

•  Swartland,Paarl,Olifantsrivier(Piekenierskloof)biggestplan?ngs.

•  GrenacheBlanc–1973

Vinesperregionandavgton/ha

TOTAL VINES PLANTED HECTARES KILOGRAMS

HARVESTED KG/HA

NORTHERN CAPE Grenache Noir 1 100 0,34    

OLIFANTSRIVIER Grenache Noir 124 387 55,80 225 312 4038

SWARTLAND Grenache Noir 298 924 108,50 754 686 6956

KLEIN KAROO Grenache Noir 8 281 2,66 23 474 8825

PAARL Grenache Noir 284 423 94,73 773 677 8167

ROBERTSON Grenache Noir 51 039 14,51 153 338 10568

STELLENBOSCH Grenache Noir 117 093 36,67 296 290 8080

WORCESTER Grenache Noir 25 887 8,17 184 188 22544

BREEDEKLOOF Grenache Noir 22 173 7,29 3 799 521

CAPE SOUTH COAST Grenache Noir 43 269 15,78    

976 576 344,45 2 414 764

Grenache Noir planting and kilograms, 2016 per district - Sawis

Single-cul?varboDlingsinSA

GRENACHENOIR-SAWIS2016 2014 2015 2016

Numberofproducerscer?fiedassinglecul?var 26 36 49

Literscer?fiedassinglevarietal 136872 207547 228561

Producingmembers 130 146 147

TotalTonsharvested 1593 2665 2415

Averagelitercer?fiedperproducerassinglevarietal 5264 5765 4665

•  Since1999GrenacheNoirhasgrown723%from41,81hato344,45ha.

•  GrenacheBlanchasshown299%growthfrom27,59hato110,01ha.

GRENACHE NOIR AGE DISTRIBUTION 2016 - SAWIS

    VINES HECTARES

< 4 YEARS Grenache Noir 179 503 59,78

4 - 10 YEARS Grenache Noir 528 076 181,32

11 - 15 YEARS Grenache Noir 179 822 70,43

16 - 20 YEARS Grenache Noir 24 385 9,93

> 20 YEARS Grenache Noir 64 790 22,99

976 576 344,45

IsthereafutureinSouthAfrica?

•  IdeallysuitedtoSouthAfricanclimate•  Withglobalwarminginmind–droughtresistant,highheattolerance

•  Adaptabletoawidevarietyofsoilsandclimates•  Easytomaintain•  Notoverlyexpensivetofarm•  Agrowingcategoryatproducerlevel•  Canproduceafruit-drivenwinestyleaDrac?vetoconsumers

However…

•  SouthAfricanconsumers,mediaandmarkets?lluninformedregardingcul?var

•  OverseasmarketbeDerinformed–hasmorepoten?al•  Wineproducersneedtotastethebest•  Educateourselves–interestgroup?•  Educatemedia,sommeliers,opinionformers•  Harnessouroldvines–story•  Producemarket-relevantstyles–non-oxida?ve?•  Availability?•  Atthemoments?llahandsell.

•  LouisBarruol,ChâteaudeSaintCosme(Gigondas,France):“Grenachequalityisverysensi?vetotheageofvines...formeanoldvineisolderthan50years.Thismeansthatweplantforthenextgenera?on.”

•  ZelmaLongregardingthenewexcitementaboutoldvarie?es:“IfIwasstar?ngfromscratchtoday,IwouldgowithGrenache.Itcanprovideincrediblefreshnessandcherryaromas.”

Thankyou!•  KobusHunter•  NeilEllis•  JanCoetzee•  MilesMossop•  ConradLouwandtheIns?tuteofCapeWineMasters•  Mar?nGomez–disserta?on•  MarkBulman–TurkeyFlatVineyards•  PaoloPitzolu•  Wineswop–AdiBadenhorst,CarlvanderMerwe,David

Sadie,CarstenMigliarina,JanCoetzee•  TheSaronsbergteam•  MurielVisser

WinestotasteaBerwards•  AdiBadenhorstRaaigrasGrenache2015•  DeMorgenzonGrenache2014•  DavidSadieGrenache2015•  CarstenMigliarinaGrenache2015•  SaronsbergGrenache2015•  SCPannellGrenache2014,McLarenVale•  EperosaStonegardenGrenache2014,EdenValley•  FleurdelaLuneGrenache2016,Barossa•  Con?ni,InuCannonuaRiserva,CannonaudiSardiniaDOC•  Can?naOliena,NepentediOliena,CannonaudiSardinia

DOC

NEIL ELLIS VINEYARD SELECTION GRENACHE 2009 These limited release wines demonstrate the distinctiveness of specific vineyard sites and represent our finest quality. The mountain vineyards of Piekenierskloof are known to produce outstanding Grenache. Vintage conditions Harvest commenced on 11th March. Grapes were harvested at 24.6°B with a total acid of 7.8 g/l and a pH of 3.42. The vineyards Sourced from 55 year old bushvines in the Piekenierskloof . Grape variety 100% Grenache. Winemaking Fermentation initiated in stainless tanks and underwent a series of punching before completion of fermentation and malolactic fermentation in the barrel. This wine spent 18 months in a combination of 4th and 5th fill French oak barrels. Bottled in December 2010 Alcohol: 14.0 % Residual Sugar: 1.8 g/l Total Acid: 6.0 g/l pH: 3.6 Tasting notes ( as tasted in 2016) : Medium red complex and already quite mature, with raspberry sweet spice /earthy aromas. Evolved palate with pleasant berry flavours and some leafy notes. Ripe fruit expression with modest tannin structure.