Prepared By: Dikshita Viradia

Introduction to Grid Computing Definition in brief History and Evaluation Classification and Architecture Real-time application Advantage Disadvantage Conclusion References

Grid Definition

a Grid is "a set of information resources (computers, databases, networks, instruments, etc.) that are integrated to provide users with tools and applications that treat those resources as components within a 'virtual' system".

Grid software solutions provide the underlying mechanisms necessary to create such systems, including authentication and authorization, resource discovery, resource management, communications, and information services, etc.

What is Grid Computing?

Grid computing is the collection of computer resources from multiple locations to reach a common goal.

Characteristics of a Grid:

No centralized control center Heterogeneity (of resources) Scalability Dynamic and Adaptable

How do grid works?

o Grids use networks to link the computing resources of many different computers.

o The cyber-glue that binds all of these resources together is called “middleware.” There are many different types of middleware, developed for many different types of grid.

o Middleware does all the work to connect users’ jobs to computing resources, thereby hiding the grid’s complexity from the user.

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Why do we need Grids?

Grids allow you to combine the resources of hundreds of computers to create a massively powerful, fully comprehensive computing resource, all accessible from the comfort of your own personal computer.

This means grids can react quickly to changing needs: a tremendous resource for crisis situations like natural disasters or epidemics.

o The idea is that in the future, plugging into a computing grid will be as simple as plugging into an electrical grid. And, like an electrical grid, users will simply plug in and use as much computing power as they need, without knowing where it comes from or how it was produced; you will simply plug in and use as much as you need.

User Resource Broker

Grid Resources

Grid Information Service

A User sends computation or data intensive application to Global Grids in order to speed up the execution of the application.

A Resource Broker distribute the jobs in an application to the Grid resources based on user’s QoS requirements and details of available Grid resources for further executions.

Grid Resources (Cluster, PC, Supercomputer, database, instruments, etc.) in the Global Grid execute the user jobs.

Grid Information Service system collects the details of the available Grid resources and passes the information to the resource broker.

Computation result

Grid application

Computational jobs

Details of Grid resources

Processed jobs

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Introduction to Grid Architecture

Grid’s protocols allow VO users and resources to negotiate, establish, manage and exploit sharing relationships. Interoperability a fundamental concern The protocols are critical to interoperability Services are important We need to consider APIs and SDKs

VO: Virtual Organization

Introduction to Grid Architecture

The components are numerous owned and managed by different, potentially

mutually distrustful organisations and individuals may be potentially faulty have different security requirements and policies heterogeneous connected by heterogeneous, multilevel

networks have different resource management policies are likely to be geographically separated

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Grid Architecture

Autonomous, globally distributed computers/clusters

Application

Fabric“Controlling things locally”: Access to, & control of, resources

Connectivity“Talking to things”: communication (Internet protocols) & security

Resource“Sharing single resources”: negotiating access, controlling use

Collective“Coordinating multiple resources”: ubiquitous infrastructure services, app-specific distributed services

InternetTransport

Application

Link

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History and Evolution of Grid

History and Evolution of Grid

Early to mid 90s: numerous research projects on distributed computing

The term grid computing originated in the early 1990s as a metaphor for making computer power as easy to access as an electric power grid. The power grid metaphor for accessible computing quickly became canonical when Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman published their seminal work, "The Grid: Blueprint for a new computing infrastructure

History and Evolution of Grid

1995, I-Way IEEE/ACM 1995 Super Computing (San Diego), 11 high

speed networks used to connect 17 sites to create one super meta-computer

Foster, Nature, 12/2002

1996, Globus project started (ANL & USC) Followed I-Way

1997, Unicore (Germany)

Distributed Supercomputing High-Throughput Computing On-Demand Computing Data-Intensive Computing Collaborative Computing Logistical Networking

Criteria for a Grid:

Coordinates resources that are not subject to centralized control.Uses standard, open, general-purpose protocols and interfaces.Delivers nontrivial qualities of service.

Benefits:

Exploit Underutilized resources Resource load Balancing Virtualize resources across an enterprise Data Grids, Compute Grids Enable collaboration for virtual organizations

Applications

Computational Service• Inherent part of ALL applications

Data Service• Scalable storage and access to distributed datasets

Application Service• Example: like web services

Information Service• Example: WWW portal

Knowledge Service• Example: data mining

NetworkingARPANET

Communications and Data Sharing:Email, ftp, telnet, TCP/IP

Information Sharing:WWW, HTTP, HTML

Resource Sharing:P2P, Web Services, Grids

It extends the notions of computational and data grids. A Grid should provide the interfaces, libraries, utilities, and

programming APIs to support the development effort required.

Common tools and libraries for building Grid applications includes

  High Performance C++ (HPC++) the Message Passing Interface (MPI).

Access to any resources, for anyone, anywhere, anytime, from any platform – portal (super) computing.

Can solve larger, more complex problems in a shorter time

Easier to collaborate with other organizations

Make better use of existing hardware

Grid software and standards are still evolving

Learning curve to get started

Non-interactive job submission

Conclusions

Characteristics of a grid relevant to middleware Common design methodologies in grid middleware Grid Services and open standardization New and existing middleware systems are beginning

to adopt core grid middleware to become easily ‘grid-enhanced’

www.gridcomputing.com

www.dartmouth.edu

www.eecg.toronto.edu

www.sastra.edu

www.usermonas.edu

www.gridbus.org