gripe aviar: factores clave en la bioseguridad de la eu · gripe aviar: factores clave en la...
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Gripe Aviar: factores clave en la bioseguridad
de la EU
Prof. JM Sánchez-Vizcaíno
Complutense University
AGENDA FOR TODAY
• A review of the influeza virus characteristic
• The different scenarios of I.Virus’ Infection
• Mechanisms of spread
• Distribution of HPAI Subtypes
• Biosecurity for influenza virus
• A success clinical case control
Information, Biosecurity and Early detection
The best tools for Protection
EPIDEMIOLOGY
MAMMALS
(H 1-16; N 1-9)
Antigenic Ecology of the virus
* No interhuman transmission
Type Host
Type NA Host
H1 Human,Pigs N1, N2 Human,Pigs
H2 Human N2 Human,Pigs
H3 Human, pigs N2
H4 N4
H5 Human* N5
H6 N6
H7 N7
H8 N8
H9 Human * N9
H10-16
Human * Human *
Neuraminidase (9)
ARN segmented (8 SEGMENTED)
Proteín M2 (only in Tipy A)
Family Orthomyxoviridae
Influenzavirus: A, B y C
-M1 matrix protein
-PB1, PB2 y PA. (Proteínas internas)
NS1 y NS2 non strutural protein
Hemaglutinin (16)
FLUE VIRUS STRUCTURE
type 2,3
Receptor type
2,6
Shinya K, 2006 Nature
Van Riel; 2006 Science Express
Why I’ts difficult to transmit some serotypes between humans and birds?
• Human and aviary receptors are
different.
• The anatomical distribution in humans is
different
• Receptor 2,3 more predominant
in pulmonary (deep) cells.
• Receptor 2,6 more prevalent in
upper respiratory tract cells.
Pigs are even more resistant Bronchioles
Bronchial
Alveoli
Windpipe
Genetic Reorganization
SPREAD OF H5N1 FLUE VIRUS
INTENSIVE
ACTION MEDIA
TV
Journal
• Radio
Social media
Arrived to Europe on October 2005
WHAT HAPPENS WITH FLU VIRUS
GENETIC
REORGANIZATION
MUTATIONS (RNA)
PB1
HA
NA
PB1
HA
Aseatic flue
pandemic (1957)
Hong Kong Flue pandemic(1968)
Evolution of A(H2N2) y A(H3N2) on human
Human Virus
Birds Virus Virus avium
Virus A(H2N2) Virus A(H3N2)
Flue pandemics
1889-99 (H2) Siberia, Europe, America.
1899-1917 (H3N8?)
1918-1919 (H1N1) “Spanish flue” (20-50)
1957-58 (H2N2) “Asiatic flue” (2,5 – 5)
1968-69 (H3N2) “Hong Kong flue” (1 – 2)
1977-78 (H1N1) “Russian flue”
2009. New Flue H1N1. “American flue” (Swine Flue)
ALWAYS: H1, H2, H3
Time pattern.
Neuraminidase N1. Eurasian pig
Proteins MP: M1 y M2 Eurasian pig (H3N2)
Family Orthomyxoviridae
Influenzavirus: A, B y C
-PB1: Human Flue, -PB2: Avian Flue -PA: Avian Flue
NS: Strain H3N2 USA pig
Hemaglutinine H1. USA pig
Homology of 95%
• Africa: H5N1, 1777 notifications (peaking in 2015)
• Americas: USA, Canada: H5N2, 281 notifications (peaking in 2015); Mexico, 144 notifications: H7N3 (2012-16)
• Asia:
• o H5N1, 1893 notifications (steady evolution 2012-16)
• o H5N8, 713 notifications (appears in 2014, huge peak in 2015, then down again in 2016)
• o H5N2, 638 notifications (peaking in 2015)
• o H7N9, 620 notifications (appears in 2013, peaks in 2014, then down again in 2015 and 2016)
• o H5N6, 305 notifications (appears in 2013, peaks in 2015 and 2016)
•
• Europe:
• H5N8, 1629 notifications (huge peak in 2016 and continues rising in 2017, by far the subtype with the highest number of notifications, >500)
• Many other subtypes have circulated with lower number of notifications (<15). Only H5N2, H5N1 and H5N9 reached >20 notifications in 2015
The main subtypes of HPAI vary from one continent to another:
Distribution by year and country of HPAI subtypes (except H5N8)
AI in Europe
S. Alberti
• FARMS (TURKEYS, BROILERS) & AI OUTBREAKS CONCENTRATION
AI in Italy
S. Alberti
NUMBER OF NOTIFICATION BY SPECIES
SPANISH SCENARIO
OUTDOOR : aprox - 4%
INDOOR: aprox 95%
IMPORTANCE WETLANDS. BIODIVERSITY HIGH WATER TEMPERATURE
Invernada
Reproducción
Rutas migratorias: www.oie.int Registro anillamientos: OEM, 1954- 2004. Georeferenciación: ArcGIS 9.1
RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SPAIN
Escenario atlántico
Escenario mediterraneo
•The Atlatic Scenario: • More wetland. • More numbers of wild bird. • Low temperature • More outbreak
THE MAIN RISK FOR SPAIN THE ATLATIC SCENARIO
Main wetlands in Spain where newcomers contact residents
Domestic density which can come in contact with wild birds
OUTDOOR CENSUS /kM2
0,16- 2,4
2,4 - 12,3
12,3 - 775,7
&, WETLANDS
POTENTIAL DOMESTIC WILD LIVE CONTACT
Recurvirostra avosetta
Vanellus vanellus
Anas clypeata
Calidris minuta
Charadrius alexandrinus
Aythya fuligula
Himantopus himantopus
Larus fuscus Larus ridibundus
Podiceps cristatus Podiceps nigricollis
Tachybaptus ruficollis
Tringa totanus
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas clypeata
Fulica atra
Anser anser
Anas crecca
Calidris alpina
Phalacrocorax carbo
Netta rufina
Aythya ferina
Limosa limosa
Phoenicopterus ruber
Anas strepera
Anas acuta
Anas penelope
Numenius arquata
Larus cachinnans
30 species Probability of exposure to the virus:
Pluvialis squatarola
Subtipo Medio Tº Actividad Supervivenci
a
(Días)
H3N6 Lago 0 Conserva
infectividad
30
H3N6 Lago 22 “ 4
H5N2 Heces 4 “ 35
H5N2 Heces 25 “ 2
H7N2 Heces 4 “ 23
Scientific Report 7 EFSA
En Patogénesis in wild birds
y en Environmental stability
of Asian lineage H5N1HPVirus
TEMPERATURE AND VIRUS INACTIVATION
y = 36,902e-0,0989x
R2 = 0,961
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 10 20 30
Días del H5N1
Ajuste teorico
Exponencial (Díasdel H5N1)
ASIAT SCENARIO
EUROPEAN SCENARIO
AFRICAN SCENARIO
BIOSECURITY AND SCENARIOS
BIOSECURITY AND A. FLUE
BIOSECURITY DEFICIENCY
Biosecurity and Early detection The best tools for
Protection
DIFUSIÓN ENTRE GRANJAS
SPREAD BETWEEN FARMS
3 Km
10 Km
RISKS FACTORS RELATED WITH FARMS
• Location of the Farm • Farms Multiage • Change of Males • Incubator Material • Removal of dead animals
Others risk related with location
Proximity to: other poultry farms. other animal farms. roads where there is bird traffic. water reservoirs or streams that
attract migratory birds
BIOSECURITY MEASURES
In commercial farms, control measures against wild animals and migratory birds need to be strengthened:
Fence of the farm
Aviary fabrics
Closed doors
Avoiding water around farms
Prevent birds nesting in the farm environment
Control people movements, trailers
Cleaning and disinfection of equipment and installations
Hygienic individual protection: boots, mono ...
Disposal of hygienic bodies
• Install wire mesh
• Avoid free access to water and feed
OTHER BIOSECURITY MEASURES
First case in Spain in domestic animals
2009 First case in a farm in Europe
H7N7 Europe 2003: Nederlands, Italy
• At that time of 2009 only was detected an outbreak in wild bird in Germany: H5N1
Background
A H7N7 CASE. Early detection Good Control
POULTRY FARM
AGRICULTURAL LAND
WETLAND
Porrón común Aythya ferina
Focha común Fulica atra
•Both species have been affected by H5N1 AP in Europe •The common hawk is so susceptible which is considered sentinel species
The Anatidae of the Almoguera Wetland
y = 36,902e-0,0989x
R2 = 0,961
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 10 20 30
Días del H5N1
Ajuste teorico
Exponencial (Díasdel H5N1)
16ºC
Almoguera
Farms around
Almoguera
Affected farm Sucursal de la Granja afectada
Other two eggs farms affected in town
Piscifactory Almoguera Wetland
CULLED ANIMALS
y = 36,902e-0,0989x
R2 = 0,961
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 10 20 30
Días del H5N1
Ajuste teorico
Exponencial (Díasdel H5N1)
16ºC
Affected farm
Asociate farm affected
Two more affected in town
Piscifactoria Almoguera wetland
8Km
THE NO SPREAD
Acknowledgements
FLUE
UCM -
CISA
TEAM