grm 2011: keynote address-2 -- public–private-sector partnerships in agricultural research and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Mike Robinson
GCP GRM, September, 2011
Public Private Partnerships
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Models for closing the yield gap
● Building partnerships – complementary strengths
– High tech genomics and supply chain: private sector
– Phenotyping and germplasm diversity: public sector
● Managing intellectual property
– Open innovation / patent pools
– Crafting products for joint development
● Value chain
– Engaging seed companies
– Financing
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Four types of public-private partnerships in agriculture
Infrastructure
Knowledge
Tech expertise
R&D
Supply chain
Market access
• improved crops
• services, methods of delivery
• mechanization, fertilization, irrigation
• supply chains
• agro-dealer networks
• processor/buyer links
• mobile banking & applications
• irrigation, transportation, electrification
• storage, agro-processing, packaging
• data & knowledge sharing
• e.g., cocoa, tef genome projects
Source: Boettiger/GATD/SFSA (adapted)
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The landscape of AG PPPs: the linkages(37 projects, mainly in 2000-2010)
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Size of nodes: no. of PPP projects
PPPs: The power of
partnershipLinked by
shared projects
Linked by
shared private
partners
Includes Spielman (25), plus 12 new
(37). It is not meant to be exhaustive.
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The landscape of AG PPPs: the stakeholders(Agricultural PPPs mainly in 2000-2010)
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Size of nodes: no. of PPP projects
Lines: connect public institutions which share the same private partners
Syngenta F 3Pioneer Hi-Bred 3
BMGF (Gates) 3Academia Sinica 1
Syngenta (F) 2(1)Monsanto 1
Pioneer Hi-Bred 1Bayer CropScience 1
Mitsubishi 1Socioconsult 1DuPont 1
Pioneer Hi-Bred 2Syngenta (F) 1(1)Monanto 1
BMGF 1Coca Cola 1
Pte Seed Companies 1
Pioneer Hi-Bred 2
Syngenta F 1
BMGF (Gates) 1
Nestlé 1Mars 1Academia Sinica 1
Monsanto 1Pioneer Hi-Bred 1BMGF (Gates) 1
Academia Sinica 1
BMGF (Gates) 1
Dow AgroSciences 1
Syngenta F 1Monsanto 1
Pioneer Hi-Bred 1Bayer CropScience 1
Axis Genetics 1
Syngenta F 1
Syngenta (F) 4(2)Monsanto 1
Pioneer Hi-Bred 4BASF 2Limagrain 1
Public sector
Syngenta 1
Grup PapalotlaUnilever 1
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PPP primer: key points when starting
● Mindsets, expectations, trust
● Strategy and outputs
● Benefit sharing and obligations
● Project and risk management
● Realistic timeframes
● Commercial rights and route to farmer
● Memorandum of Understanding
● Governance and dispute resolution
● IP management
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Plant variety protection and breeding progress
Source: UPOV Impact assessment study; www.upov.org
Protection spurs
innovation2
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Patents, „open innovation‟, „open source‟ ...
● Certain IP assets are not best utilized by exclusivity Germplasm collections, enabling technologies …
● Open source can increase responsiveness and IP
utilization
● Public Domain - No
● Viral - Not necessarily
● Immune from IP rights - No
● Free Lunch - No
● Free to Do what I want - No
● Just a way to publish - No
What Open Source is Not:
Never
SharedOpen
SourceFreely
GivenLicensed
Continuum of opennessMost IP is neither completely open nor closed
Patent
Pools
Matching openness
to purpose
www.syngentafoundation.org
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Open Innovation Patent Pool
Company
grant back
of IP licence
to the pool
Public
sectorsub-licence
to other
members of
the pool
Company A files a
patent on plant alleles
xyz that relate to e.g.
drought tolerance
(“general IP”)
Partner receives a sub-
licence to use the
general IP generated
by Company ACompany
B
Company
C
Know-
how
Materials
Company C cannot access
the data without joining the
patent pool
Know-how and
materials are
managed within
the patent pool
“Carve-out”: Company A can
protect specific products (variety,
event) by patents or plant
breeders rights – no license is
granted to those specific products
Developing
world
national or
private org
Late joiners need to “buy”
into the pool through
higher contributions
“Click-licence” royalty
free, in return for dataSub-licence royalty
bearing, for commercial
purposes
Patent
commons
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USAID funded project facilitated entrance of private sector into certified
seed production; strong return to investment to smallholder (Kenya)
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
private public
Project start
No.
mini-
tubers
Project end
Seed source Cost per
acre (KSh)
Income per
acre (KSh)
Farm saved 18,890 36,930
Certified 52,930 153,330
Source: Barker/CIP/SFSA
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Kenya: Private-sector produced quality potato seed of a public-bred
variety doubles or triples smallholder yields
Source: Barker/CIP/SFSA
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Financing PPPs in the value chain (by governments, donors)
● Procurement of services
– Time-honored practice; little private sector risk and
investment; developmental benefits not excluded
● „Push‟
– Workhorse of development aid; execution typically by public
or non-profit actors; not transformational
● „Pull‟
– The right idea: payment on delivery (prizes; advanced
market commitments); difficult to do in agriculture
● Co-investment
– Promising as a combination of push and pull; few deals so
far: convincing business plans are scarce
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