BACKGROUNDS TO THE BIBLE (ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN HISTORY AND LITTERATURE)

COURSE SYLLABUSZion Bible College

OT 1231-01, 2 creditsSpring 2011

Wednesdays, 3:45-4:35 & 4:45-5:35 PMClassroom Bld. 108

Rev. Paul Conway, Associate Professor MDiv. Office: Classroom Building 110

Office phone: (978) 478-3457 E-mail: Pconway@zbc.edu

Office Hours Tuesdays, 1:45 PM – 2:35 PMThursdays 1:45 PM – 2:25 PM

The mission of Zion Bible College is to teach and train students for Spirit filled excellence in ministry, in fulfillment of the Great Commission.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This course examines the context of the biblical world. Emphasis is placed on the historical, literary and archaeological settings in which biblical history and thinking transpired. Where relevant, the civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome and Israel are examined. The course is enhanced with a field trip to the Harvard Semitic Museum and Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. Summarize the periods of ancient history for Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome relevant to biblical studies.

2. Identify the key figures of history in the Ancient world relevant to biblical history.3. Demonstrate a general knowledge of primary source material from the ancient world.4. Interpret the context of scripture through the nuance of cultural context.5. Develop a familiarization with tools for finding the context of scripture in the ancient world.6. Dialog and comprehend the structure and context of law codes in the ancient near east.7. Identify the material culture of the ancient civilizations housed in the Harvard Semitic

Museum and Boston Museum of Fine Arts.8. To prepare undergraduate students for graduate level studies in primary source material by

giving them initial exposure.

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 2 P. Conway

REQUIRED TEXTBOOKS:

Arnold, Bill T & Beyer, Bryan E. Readings from the Ancient Near East Grand Rapids, MI: Backer Academic, 2002.

KJVApocrypha, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishing, 1998.

Whiston,William The Works of Josephus Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub. Co., 1987.

RECCOMENDED TEXTS

Kaiser, Walter Jr. ad. et. The Archaeological Study Bible Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 2006.

Vermes, Geza The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English NY, NY: Penguin Classics, 2004.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS (Option A)

1. Mid Term and Final: There will be a mid-term and final examination to measure the students grasp and comprehension of the material being taught.

2. Quizzes: There will four quizzes throughout the semester.

3. Field Trip, Journal and Summary Essays: A mandatory trip to the Harvard Semitic Museum and Boston Museum of Fine arts will take place on Wed. April 23rd. A field guide for notes is provided and submitted for grading the following week. Two summary essays for each museum will be typed in truabian format one week later. Handwriting in the field guide must be legible.

4. Reading: Students should pre-read assigned reading from the two texts and student packet as disclosed in the suggested reading schedule below. In summary the following material is required

Readings from the Ancient Near East: i. Part 1:1-12

ii. Part 1:1iii. Part 4:17iv. Part 5:21, 23v. Part 6:27, 30

vi. Part 8:39-44vii. Part 9:45, 48, 49

viii. Part 10:50-54ix. Part 11:55-57x. Part 12:59-61

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 3 P. Conway

Apocrypha i. 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees.

Josephusi. Selected passages assigned in class and completed outside.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS (Option B)

5. Four Short Research Papers: Students shall do four short research papers one on a historical period, One on a people group and two historical figures To grow historically the student will pick the period of history that interests them. From there all historical figures and literature will come from that period. Samples of selection are provided below. These are merely suggestions. Students must pick all topics by the second week of class. This will require you to read and cite primary source material. A sample of one historical anatomy is attached to this syllabus. All work must be in Turabian format. Each paper shall be no less than three pages with foot notes. Historical overview and anatomy #1 is due the week of the mid-term and the two remaining anatomies are due the week of the final.

Historical Period Historical Figures

Hellenistic Period

Hellenistic PeriodPtolemy I Soter Antiochus IIIAntiochus IVOnias II and Simon (The guard)Mattathias Judas Hashmun (Maccabees) Simon Hasmonean (Maccabee)John Hyrcanus IAlexander Jannaeus

Roman/Herodian PeriodJohn Hyrcanus II (Maccabee)Aristobulus II (Maccabee)Aristobulus III (Maccabee)PompeyAugustus CaesarAntipater (Father of Herod)Marc AnthoneyCleopatraHerod the GreatHerod’s SonsAgrippa IAgrippa IIPilate

Early Church/Destruction of TempleJosephusVespasianEmperor NeroEmperor DomitianPerpetua the MartyrIgnatius of Loyola

Roman Period

Early Church History2nd and 3rd Century

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 4 P. Conway

6. Quizzes: There will four quizzes throughout the semester.

7. Field Trip, Journal and Summary Essays: A mandatory trip to the Harvard Semitic Museum and Boston Museum of Fine arts will take place on Wed. April 23rd. A field guide for notes is provided and submitted for grading the following week. Two summary essays for each museum will be typed in Turabian format one week later. Handwriting in the field guide must be legible.

8. Reading: Students should pre-read assigned reading from the two texts and student packet as disclosed in the suggested reading schedule below. In summary the following material is required

Readings from the Ancient Near East: i. Part 1:1-12

ii. Part 1:1iii. Part 4:17iv. Part 5:21, 23v. Part 6:27, 30

vi. Part 8:39-44vii. Part 9:45, 48, 49

viii. Part 10:50-54ix. Part 11:55-57x. Part 12:59-61

POLICIES

1. Attendance :   Attendance, a “leaning towards” speaks of not merely one’s physical presence but of an engagement of one’s mind and body in the class.  Students found sleeping in class, studying for another class, etc. will be marked absent!

Students are expected to attend all class periods. Attendance will be taken at the beginning of each day, as well as after each break. Three "lates" equal one absence. Every hour absent from class is one cut.

2. Plagiarism Policy 1. Any material, whether published or unpublished, copied from another writer,

must be identified by use of quotation marks, block quotations, and documentation with specific citation of the source. Paraphrased material must likewise be attributed to the original author. As a school, intent on training men and women of integrity for the ministry Zion takes plagiarism seriously. Plagiarism consists of the following categories:

2. Use of another’s ideas without giving credit;

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 5 P. Conway

3. Quoting material from published or unpublished works, or oral presentation, without giving proper citation;

4. Paraphrasing material, whether published or unpublished, written or oral, without proper citation;

5. Copying another student’s paper, without that student’s permission.

3. CheatingCheating consists of but is not necessarily limited to the following:

1. Using unauthorized notes or material when taking an examination;2. Copying answers to examination questions, obtaining, or helping others to obtain,

unauthorized copies of examination questions;3. Copying another person’s class work/assignments and/or homework and submitting it as

one’s own;4. Having another student do one’s paper, or any other assignment, in whole or in part and

submitting the assignment as one’s own work;5. Allowing another student to copy one’s paper;6. Copying another student’s paper with that student’s permission;

Penalties for plagiarism and cheating include but are not limited to an F for the assignment and/or an F for the course.

4. Academic Policies: Student should carefully read pages 110-113 of their Student Handbook for precise policies concerning late work, extensions, make-up exam policy, attendance policy, add-drop, etc.

5. Late work Policies: All work will be due on the first period of class as disclosed in the syllabus. Any work not on the teacher’s desk at the opening of class will be considered late and subject to a 5% penalty each day for five days. No work will be accepted after the 5th day (weekends and breaks included). All work will after this deadline will receive a 0%. The only exception to this will be based on extensions permitted by dean’s office according to the student handbook.

6. Missed Tests and Quiz’s: No test or quiz will be rescheduled for make up without written permission from the dean’s office. All students late to class more than 10 min. will not be permitted to take the test and will be redirected to the dean’s. All notes with excuses from the resident director are forwarded to the academic dean and followed up with a note to the teacher from that office. Student’s who miss a test, quiz or course requirement and fail to produce written excuse from the dean’s office shall receive a 0% and will not be allowed to make up the missed work.

Grading Scale (Option A)

40%...............Mid-Term & Final Examination (20% each)25%...............Quiz’s25%...............Field Trip and Journal (Wed. April 13th)

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 6 P. Conway

10%...............Reading

Grading Scale (Option B)

40%..............Historical Overview & 3 Anatomy’s of Historical Figures 10% each.20%...............Quiz’s20%...............Field Trip and Journal (Wed. April 13th)10%...............Reading

DISCLAIMER:

Any aspect of this syllabus is subject to change at the professor’s discretion. However, this syllabus offers an aim and desired goal but is by no means meant to lock the subjects or format.

COURSE SCHEDULE:

Week Lecture DueJan. 19 Introductory MaterialJan. 25 Historical OverviewFeb. 02 The Egyptian Era Quiz 1Feb 09 The Neo Assyrian PeriodFeb. 16 The Neo Babylonian Period Quiz 2Feb. 23 MID TERM & Option “B” Papers DueMar. 02 The Persian PeriodMar. 09 SPRING BREAKMar. 16 The Hellenistic Period Part 1Mar. 23 The Hellenistic Period Part 2Mar. 30 The Roman Period Part 1 Quiz 3Apr. 06 The Roman Period Part 2Apr. 13 FIELD TRIPApr. 20 The Roman Period Part 3 Quiz 4 & Filed Trip Journals DueApr. 27 The Early Church and RomeMay 1 FINAL EXAMS & READING VERIFICATION & Option “B” Papers Due

SUGGESTED READING SCHEDULE FOR SUBJECTS:

Week 1 Topic: Introduction to the course and assignments The Historical Method 1a and 1bLiterary Criticism vs. Text Criticism

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 7 P. Conway

Week 2 Topic: Periods of the Periods of History

Carry over lectures from previous weekReading: (Recommended but not required) On reserve in the Library

Sasson, Jack Civilizations of the Ancient Near East Vol. I- IV; The History of Ancient Egypt: An Overview, Vol. I & II, pg. . 807-869.

Topic: Egyptian Historical OverviewReading: (Recommended but not required) On reserve in the Library

Sasson, Jack Civilizations of the Ancient Near Eas Vol. I-IV; The History of Ancient Egypt:Vol. I & II, pg 691-717.

Week 3 Topic: Egypt and the Bible.

Historical Overview Hyksos Sargon the Great and Moses Serpent Confrontation (Highlight) The Plagues (Highlight)

Reading:

The Hyksos: Bible:

Genesis 41:1-57 Student Packet:

The Hyksos and the Middle Kingdom: “Who are the Hyksos”?Pg. 8-12

Readings from the Ancient Near East: None relevant in textbook for this discussion.

Sargon the Great Exodus 2:1-10 Readings from the Ancient Near East

Autobiography of Sargon the Great, pg. 75. Serpent Confrontation: Genesis 7:9-13

Topic: Egypt and the Bible Continued The Plagues The Dating of the Exodus

Reading: Dating of the Exodus Article

o 1 Kings 6:1

o Student Packet:

Read “Dating of the Exodus” pg. 13-16.

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 8 P. Conway

The Plagues:o Exodus 7:14-12:31o Article

“Three ways of viewing the Plagues” given in class

Week 4-5Topics: Mesopotamia and the Bible

The Tower of Babel Creation Accounts Law Codes and Covenants Assyria and the O.T. Historical Analysis of Sennacherib and the siege of Jerusalem

Reading Tower of Babel

o Genesis 11:1-9o Readings from the Ancient Near East

Confusion of Tongues, pg. 71. Creation Accounts

o Genesis 1-2 o Readings from the Ancient Near East

Enki and the Ordering of the World, pg. 19. Enki, Ninnakh and the creation of Humankind, pg. 20. Enuma Elish, pg. 31. Heilopolis Pyramid Text, pg. 62. Memphis Creation Story, pg. 63. Epic of Gilgamesh, pg. 66.

Law Codes and Covenant’s From the Bible:

Genesis 15 “The ceremony of an Ancient Near Eastern Covenant”

Exodus 20:1-17 “The Ten Commandments” Exodus 31:18; 32:19 “The tablets”

From the student packet: Pages 1-7 Ancient Near Eastern Covenants, Code of Hammurabi compared to the Law of Moses Old Babylonian kingdom with Hammurabi.

Readings from the Ancient Near East: Covenant between Suppiluliuma and Mattiwaza, pg. 97. Law Codes pg. 104-113.

Mesopotamia and the Bible Bible in order of the Assyrian Rulers.

o 2 Kings 16:5-9 o 2 Kings 15:28-30 o 2Kings 15:17-22

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 9 P. Conway

o 2 Chronicles 28:16-22 o Isaiah 20:1-6 o 2 Kings 17:6-7 o 2 Kings 18:13-19:34, o Isaiah 36:1-37:38, o 2 Chronicles 32:1-22

Readings from the Ancient Near Easto Shalmaneser III pg. 144o Tiglath Pileser III pg. 145o Sargon II pg. 145o Sennacherib pg. 146o Lachish Ostraca pg. 168o Siloam Tunnel Inscriptiono Samaria Ostraca

Student Packet:o Assyria Pg. 17-23

Week 6 Topics:

The Persian PeriodThe Rulers of PersiaThe Persians and the BibleThe rise of Greece and the fall of Persia

Reading: Ezra 1-6; Haggai 1-2; Zechariah 3-4

Week 7 Topic: Inter-Testamental History and Literature

The Hellenistic Period and Alexander the Great Ptolemy Rule in Egypt Seleucid Rule in Babylon, Syria, and Beyond The Maccabees and Hasmonean’s Hellenism and Antiochus Epiphanies IV

ReadingRecommended but not required:

1 Maccabees Josephus Jewish Wars Book 1-3

Week 8: MID TERMTopic: Archaeology

Archaeology and the BibleReading:

None requiredRecommended:”Doing Archaeology in the Land of the Bible by Curid.

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 10 P. Conway

Week 9 SPRING BREAKWeek 10 Topic: Hellenistic Period Part 2

Hellenism and Antiochus Epiphanies IV The Maccabees and Hasmonean’s Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls Part 1 Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls Part 2 The Dead Sea Scrolls and Qumran Water Baptism Jesus, John and the Dead Sea Community

ReadingStudent Packet 36-39 & 79-80 Geza Vermes The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English Introduction and

Community Rule. Student Packet on Qumran and Dead Sea Community

Week 11 Topic: The Roman Period Part 1

Julius Caesar, Augustus Caesar, Mark Anthony and Cleopatra Pax Romana Herod’s Family and legacy Messianism and Crucifixion

Reading: None required.Recommended reading: Josephus, Jewish wars book 1

Week 12 Field Trip

Week 13Topic: The Roman Empire Part 2

CaesarsJosephus and the First RevoltBar Kopta RevoltMasada

Week 14Topic: Topic: Rabbinic Judaism

Samaritans and Gentiles Pharisees and Sadducees Zealots and Siccarai

Reading: Student Packet pg. 40-48

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 11 P. Conway

Topic: Rabbinic Judaism continued Rabbi Disciple Relationships Rabbinic Hermeneutics Parables Miracle Workers

Reading: Student Packet pg. 55-57.

Week 15Topic: The Early Church and Rome

The two great persecutions Roman views of Christians Early Church Martyrs Early Church Fathers

FINAL EXAMINATION WEEK

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arnold, Bill T & Beyer, Bryan E. Encountering the Old Testament Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1999.

__________________________ Readings from the Ancient Near East Grand Rapids, MI: Backer Academic, 2002.

Berk, Harlan 100 Greatest Coins Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing, 2008.

Blaiklock E.M. and R.K. Harrison et. al. Dictionary of Biblical Archaeology Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Pub. House, 1983.

Boring, M. Eugene; Berger, Klaus; and Colpe, Carsten, eds. Hellenistic Commentary to the New Testament. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1995.

Bowder, Diana Who was who in the Ancient Greek World 776-30 BC(Cornell Ithacha, NY: University Press, 1982.

____________ Who was who in the Roman World 753 BC -476 AD Ithacha, NY: Cornell University Press, 1980.

Bromiley, Geoffrey. W. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Vol. 1-4 Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1982.

Brooke, George J. The Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2005.

Burkert, Walter Greek Religion Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 12 P. Conway

Charlesworth, James H.ed. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha: Apocalyptic Literatures and Testaments Vol. 1 & 2 NY, NY: Doubleday Press, 1985.

Chavalas, Mark W. and Younger, K. Lawson Mesopotamia and the Bible Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2002.

Cook, Edward M. Solving the Mysteries of the Dead Sea Scrolls Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994.

Cruse, C.F. Ecclesiastical History Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishing, 1998.

Currid, John D. Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1997.

_____________ Archaeology in the Land of the Bible: A Basic Guide Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1999.

DeVaries, LaMoine F. Cities of the Biblical World Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishing, 1997.

De Vaux, Roland Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1997.

Elwell, Walter A. and Yarbrough, Robert W. Readings from the First Century World Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1998.

Eshel, Hanan, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Hasmonean State Wm. B. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2008.

Evans, Craig, A., and Stanley E. Porter, eds. Dictionary of New Testament Background.Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000.

____________ Ancient Texts for New Testament Studies: A guide to the Background Literature Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub. Co., 2005.

Ferguson, Everett. Backgrounds of Early Christianity. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1993.

Fritz, Volkmar An Introduction to Biblical Archaeology: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Scheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, 1994.

Gardiner, Sir Alan Egypt of the Pharaohs Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1961.

Green, Joel B., et al. Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity 1992.

Geza Vermes The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English NY, NY: Penguin Classics, 2004.

___________ Who’s Who in the Age of Jesus Christ NY, NY: Penguin Classics, 2006.

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 13 P. Conway

Garrett, Duane, Rethinking Genesis Christian Grand Rapids, MI: Focus Publications, 2000.

Gowan, Donald E. Bridge Between the Testaments: A Reappraisal of Judaism from the Exile to the Birth of Christianity Pittsburg, PA: Pickwick Publishers, 1986.

Hallo William W. and Simpson, William Kelley The Ancient Near East, A History NY, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanivich College Publishers, 1971.

Hamilton, Victor Handbook on the Pentateuch 1st and 2nd ed Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1982.

Hawthorne, Gerald F., et. al. Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Downers Grove, IL:Inter-Varsity Press 1993.

Hendin, David Guide to Biblical Coins NY, NY: Amphora Books, 1986.

Herodotus The Histories NY, NY: Penguin Classics, 1996.

Hoereth, Alfred Archaeology and the Old Testament Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1998.

Howgego, Christo Ancient History from Coins: Approaching the Ancient World NY, NY: Routledge Publishers, 1995.

Hoffmeir, James K. Israel in Egypt Oxford, London: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Isserlin, B.S.J. The Israelites Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2001.

Jeffers, J. S. The Greco-Roman World of the New Testament Era. Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity, 1999.

Kaiser, Walter Jr. ad. et. The Archaeological Study Bible Grand Rapids MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 2006.

King, Philip J. and Stager, Lawrence E. Life in Biblical Israel Louisville, England: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.

Klawns, Zander H. Handbook of Ancient Greek and Roman Coins: An Official Whitman Guidebook Eagan, MN: Western Publishing Co., 1995.

Lightfoot, John Commentary on the New Testament from the Talmud and Hebraica Vol. I – IV. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub., 1979.

Long, A.A. and Sedley, D.N. The Hellenistic Philosophers Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 14 P. Conway

Lovette, James B. Biblical Related Coins Sherwook, AR; James B. Lovette, 2000.

Manson, Steve Josephus and the New Testament Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub. Co., 1992.

Maro, Publius Vergilius The Georgics London, England: Penguin Books, 1982.

Matthews, Victor H. and Benjamin, Don C. Old Testament Parallels Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1997.

Matthews, Victor H Manors and Customs in the Bible Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub, Co., 1991.

Mazar, Amihai, Studies in the Archaeology of the Iron Age in Israel and Jordan Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001.

_____________ Archaeology of the Land of the Bible: 10,000-586 B.C.E. NY, NY: Doubleday Press, 1990.

Mcray, John Archaeology and the New Testament Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2001.

Melville, Ronald Lucretius: On the Nature of the Universe Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Metzger, Bruce M. The New Oxford Annotated Apocrypha Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Moseley, Ron Yeshua: A guide to the real Jesus and the original church Baltimore, MD: Leader Books, 1996.

Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea, Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub., 2002.

Neusner, Jacob The Mishnah: A New Translation New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.

Nickelsburg, George W.E. Jewish Literature between the Bible and the Mishnah 2nd Ed. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2005.

Niehaus, Jeffrey J. God At Sinai: Covenant and Theophany in the Bible and Ancient Near East Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Pub. Co., 1995.

______________ Ancient Near Eastern Themes in Biblical Theology Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic & Professional Pub., 2008.

Novak, Ralph Martin Christianity and the Roman Empire: Background Texts Chicago, Il: Trinity Press, 2001.

Roux, Georges Ancient Iraq London, England: Penguin Books, 1992.

Saggs, H.W.E. Civilization Before Greece and Rome Yale, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 15 P. Conway

____________ The Greatness that was Babylon NY, NY: Hawthorne Books, 1962.

Sasson, Jack M. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East Vol. III & IV Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2000.

Schurer, Emil A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ Vol. I – V Peabody, MA:Hendrickson Pub., 1996.

Sparks, Kenton L. Ancient Texts for the Study of the Hebrew Bible: A Guide to the Background Literature Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub., Co., 2005.

Stern, Ephraim Archaeology of the Land of the Bible Vol. II NY, NY: Doubleday Press, 2001.

____________ New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Escavations in the Holy Land Vol. I-V Warsaw, IN: Eisenbrauns Publishers, 1993.

Stern, Menahem, Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism Vol. I-III Jerusalem, Israel: Israel Academy of Sciences, 1974.

Thompson, J.A. The Bible and Archaeology Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1982.

Vermes, Geza The Dead Sea Scrolls London, England: Penguin Books, 1986.

___________ Who’s Who in the age of Jesus Christ NY, NY: Penguin Putnam inc. 2006.

Walton, John H. Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2006.

Waterfield, Robin The First Philosophers: The Presocratics and the Sophists Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Webb, William J. Slaves, Women and Homosexuals: Exploring the Hermeneutics of Cultural Analysis Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 2001.

West, M.L. Hessiod Theogony Works and Days Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Whiston, William The Works of Josephus Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub. Co., 1987.

Wilson, John A. The Culture of Ancient Egypt Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1951.

Wilson, Marvin R. Our Father Abraham: Jewish Roots of the Christian Faith Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1989.

Wright, N.T. Jesus and the Victory of God Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1996.

__________ The New Testament and the People of God Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1992.

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 16 P. Conway

Witherington III, Benjamin Conflict and Community in Corinth: A socio-Rhetorical Commentary on 1 & 2 Corinthians Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1996.

Yamauchi, Edwin Persia and the Bible Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1996.

Young, Brad H. Jesus the Jewish Theologian Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub., Co., 1995.

_____________ Meet the Rabbi Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub., Co., 2008.

____________ Paul The Jewish Theologian Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub., Co., 1997.

____________ The Parables: Jewish Tradition and Christian Interpretation Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub. Co., 1998.

____________ Meet the Rabbis Peabody MA: Hendrickson Publishing, 2008.

Younge, C.D. The works of Philo Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Pub., 1993.

WEB SITES BIBLIOGRAPHY

TIMELINES

HISTORY TIME TABLESHTTP://PROPHETESS.LSTC.EDU/~RKLEIN/

TIME LINES OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EASTHTTP://HOME.FLASH.NET/~HOSELTON/DEADSEA/TIMELINE.HTM#3200

BIBLE HISTORY TIMELINE ONLINEHTTP://WWW.BIBLE-HISTORY.COM/LINKS.PHP?CAT=5&SUB=225&CAT_NAME=ANCIENT+NEAR+EAST&SUBCAT_NAME=TIMELINES+%26+CHARTS

ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN CIVILIZATION HISTORY AND STUDIES

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST ONLINEHTTP://WWW.CLASSICAL-HOMESCHOOLING.ORG/HISTORY/NEAREAST.HTML

THE OLD TESTAMENT AND THE ANCIENT NEAR EASTHTTP://PROPHETESS.LSTC.EDU/~RKLEIN/

INTERNET HISTORY SOURCE BOOKHTTP://WWW.FORDHAM.EDU/HALSALL/ANCIENT/ASBOOK.HTML

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 17 P. Conway

EGYPTOLOGY ONLINEHTTP://WWW.NEWTON.CAM.AC.UK/EGYPT/

ABZU: A GUIDE TO STUDYING THE ANCIENT NEAR EASTHTTP://WWW.ETANA.ORG/ABZU/

EXTRA-BIBLICAL TEXTS AND RESOURCES

ONLINE TEXTS RELATED TO BIBLICAL STUDIESHTTP://CCAT.SAS.UPENN.EDU/~HUMM/RESOURCES/TEXTS/

*SACRED TEXTS ONLINEWWW.SACRED-TEXTS.COM

JEWISH VIRTUAL LIBRARY (JEWISH TEXTS AND MORE)HTTP://WWW.JEWISHVIRTUALLIBRARY.ORG/

JEWISH VIRTUAL LIBRARY (JEWISH TEXTS AND MORE)HTTP://WWW.JEWISHVIRTUALLIBRARY.ORG/

GREAT ONE PAGE WONDERS FOR RESEARCH

*JAMES DARLACKS PAGE (GCTS LIBRARIANS RESEARCHER)HTTP://WWW.GEOCITIES.COM/JIMDARLACK/

ONLINE RESOURCE FOR BIBLICAL STUDIES AND ORIGINAL SOURCE MATERIALSHTTP://WWW.APOSTOLIC.NET/BIBLICALSTUDIES/RESOURCESONLINE.HTM

*ROY CHAIAMPA (GORDO-CONWELL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

INSTITUTIONS AND CENTERS

GORDON CONWEL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARYHTTP://WWW.GCTS.EDU

ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF CHICAGOHTTP://OI.UCHICAGO.EDU/OI/DEFAULT.HTML

HARVARD SEMITIC MUSEUMHTTP://WWW.FAS.HARVARD.EDU/~SEMITIC/

ZION BIBLE COLLEGEHTTP://WWW.ZBC.EDU

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 18 P. Conway

GREAT ARTICLES AND SPECIFIC LINKS FOR THE OT AND A.N.E.

RELIGION OF BABYLON AND ASSYRIA ARTICLEHTTP://WWW.SACRED-TEXTS.COM/ANE/RBAA.HTM ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN TEXTS: MISC.

LEGENDS OF BABYLON AND EGYPTHTTP://WWW.SACRED-TEXTS.COM/ANE/BEHEB.HTM

ADAPA AND THE FLOOD OF LIFEHTTP://WWW.SACRED-TEXTS.COM/ANE/ADAPA.HTM

DECENT OF THE GODESS ISHTAR INTO THE LOWER WORLDHTTP://WWW.SACRED-TEXTS.COM/ANE/ISHTAR.HTM

BABYLONIAN FLOOD EPTIC AND GILGEMESHHTTP://WWW.SACRED-TEXTS.COM/ANE/GILGDELU.HTM

CHALDEAN ACCOUNT OF THE FLOODHTTP://WWW.SACRED-TEXTS.COM/ANE/CHAD/CHAD.HTM

ISHTAR AND IZDUBAR: TITLE PAGEHTTP://WWW.SACRED-TEXTS.COM/ANE/IAI/IAI00.HTM

ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS VIA THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOHTTP://OI.UCHICAGO.EDU/OI/PROJ/ARI/ARI.HTML

THE ELLECTRONIC TEXT CORPUS OF SUMERIAN LITTERATUREHTTP://WWW-ETCSL.ORIENT.OX.AC.UK/

CUNEIFORM DIGITAL LIBRARY INTERACTIVEHTTP://EARLY-CUNEIFORM.HUMNET.UCLA.EDU/

INTERTESTAMENTAL AND NEW TESTAMENT STUDIES OF LITTERATURE, HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY AND MORE:

OT & NT APOCRYPHA, PSEUDOPIGRAPHA AND DEAD SEA SCROLLSHTTP://WWW.PSEUDEPIGRAPHA.COM/

JOSEPHUS HTTP://WWW.PSEUDEPIGRAPHA.COM/JOSEPHUS/INDEX.HTML

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 19 P. Conway

1 MACCABEESHTTP://WWW.PSEUDEPIGRAPHA.COM/APOCRYPHA_OT/1MACC.HTM

ANCIENT ROME AND GREECEHTTP://WWW.HISTORYLINK101.COM/ANCIENT_ROME.HTM

PERCEUS DIGITAL LIBRARY @ TUFTS (Amazing for original language searches)HTTP://WWW.PERSEUS.TUFTS.EDU/

HISTORY OF SECOND TEMPLE JUDAISMHTTP://WWW.HUM.HUJI.AC.IL/DINUR/INTERNETRESOURCES/HISTORYRESOURCES/SECOND_TEMPLE_AND_TALMUDIC_ERA.HTM JAMES DARLACKS PAGE (GCTS LIBRARIANS RESEARCHER)HTTP://WWW.GEOCITIES.COM/JIMDARLACK/

HTTP://BLOG.OLDINTHENEW.ORG/

DR. ROY CIAMPAS PAGE FOR NT STUDIES (GCTS PHD. PROF)HTTP://HOME.COMCAST.NET/~RCIAMPA/

ANCIENT LAWS IN PICTURES AND WRITTINGHTTP://WWW.NB.NO/BASER/SCHOYEN/5/5.4/

BIBLE HISTORY LINKS ON JESUSHTTP://WWW.BIBLE-HISTORY.COM/LINKS.PHP?CAT=19&SUB=72&CAT_NAME=JESUS&SUBCAT_NAME=STUDIES

GNOSIS LIBRARY ONLINE (MISC TEXTS)HTTP://WWW.GNOSIS.ORG/

EXTRA-BIBLICAL LITTERATURE FOR NEW TESTAMENT STUDIES

RESOURCES FOR BIBLICAL STUDIES (JERUSALEM UNIVERSITY PROF.)HTTP://TORREYS.ORG/BIBLE/

*SACRED TEXTS ONLINEWWW.SACRED-TEXTS.COM

JEWISH VIRTUAL LIBRARY (JEWISH TEXTS AND MORE)HTTP://WWW.JEWISHVIRTUALLIBRARY.ORG/

PENTECOSTAL STUDIES

SOCIETY FOR PENTECOSTAL STUDIES

Spring 2011

OT 1231-01 20 P. Conway

HTTP://WWW.SPS-USA.ORG/

PENTECOSTAL-CHARISMATIC THEOLOGICAL INQUIRY INTERNATIONALHTTP://WWW.PCTII.ORG/

Spring 2011