ground water report: khanna paper millsp ltd : nksagar

8/14/2019 Ground Water Report: Khanna Paper MillsP Ltd : Nksagar

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N.K. SAGAR(DIRECTOR)

ENKAY SAGAR HOLDINGS PVT. LTD.

CONSULTANTS OF GROUND WATER, MANAGEMENT OF GROUND

WATER

C-1-106, JANAKPURI,

NEW DELHI 110058

INDIA

MOB. 9810974027


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INRODUCTION LETTER

6th June, 2006Mr. Brij Mohan KhannaManaging Director,Khanna Paper Mills Pvt. Ltd.Fatehgarh Road,Amritsar-143001Panjab

Sub: Consultants of Ground Water Management on Turn-Key.

Dear Sir,

We are please to introduce ourselves as pioneer water consultants

and ground water management people working in this field from last four

to five decades from concept to commissioning of ground water for human

consumptions, various industries, institution, dwelling units village water

supply, town ship water supply, city water supply, colonies on turn-key

basis.

Eminent clients for which we have rendered our services

PRESIDENTIAL ESTATE,

OFFICIAL RESIDENCE OF PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA,

BHONDSI ASHRAM of Former Prime Minister Mr. Chander Shekhar,

SHAKTI STHAL,

BATRA HOSPITAL,

BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD.

HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD.

CENTRAL TIHAR JAIL,

CABINET SECTARIAT CO-OP. G.H.S. LTD.

HINDUSTAN PREFAB LTD.,

ALBERT DAVID LTD.,

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ARDEE INFRASTRUCTURE LTD.,

BISLERI INTERNATIONAL LTD.,

We have also provided our consultancy in the field of water

management & turn-key jobs to many foreign missions in India, namely

AMBASSDOR RESIDENCE OF ENGLAND, NETHERLANDS, HIGH

COMMISSIONS OF CANADA, GERMANY, BELGIUM, BRITAIN, SWITZERLAND,

NETHERLANDS.

Presently we are working for Top Group of Companies, G.D. Foods

Pvt. Ltd., The Netherlands Embassy, P.K. Jain group of companies, Bisleri

International Ltd. Our performance for which we have given our services

exhibit that our projects are in the running state from the last two to three

decades without any trouble of any sort. The total commitment for

excellence in our services is our pride.

We look forward our performance in field of geo-technical,

geological, hydro geological & hydrological assessment and exploration,

planning, management of ground water on turn-key basis.

We remain for all times.

Yours faithfully,

For ENKAY SAGAR HOLDINGS PVT. LTD.

N. K. SAGAR[Director]

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CONTENTS

...........................................................................................................

1. INRODUCTION LETTER

2. CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION

4. Study of reports/ Findings

A. GEOLOGICAL REPORT

B. HYDROGEOLOGICAL:

I. Hydrogeological Characteristics:II. Hydrogeological Report:III. Hydrological Characteristics:a) The yield of acquiferb) The yield of waterc) Quality of ground waterd) The extraction and rechargee) Porous formation

f) Thickness of the alluvium formation

C. PERFORMANCE OF EXISTING WATER WELLS:

5. RECOMMENDATIONS:A. The Growing Global Interest in RainwaterHarvestingB. Recommendation for water wells in the campus

of the Mills:

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6. CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Khanna Papers Mills Pvt. Ltd. at Amritsar is spread over in the area of 80

Acres of land on the Fatehgarh Road, Amritsar, Panjab (India). The paper

mill has three different units for producing quality paper & board paper

namely.

(i) Khanna Paper Machine No. 1

(ii) Khanna Paper Machine No. 2

(iii) Khanna Paper Machine No. 4

(iv) DM Plants

The total requirement of water for the Mill is about 18000 M3 per day

which is available from the water wells installed from time to time as per

the requirements and expansion programme. Presently the Mill has

Eighteen deep water wells for the water supply which forms the basic raw

material for the manufacturing of paper.

We are to take up the over all view of the Paper Mill to study the feasibility

of expansion of manufacturing of papers for which the adequate ground

water supply of the campus is assured with the available infrastructure of

water facilities available with the unit.

After expansion the paper mill will withdraw water to the tune of 25000

M3 per day for which the necessary existing parameters of water supply,

which are in the form of natural ones, state development ones and the

management has basic and pragmatic requirements of water supply for

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their current use and for the future expansion plan which out lays the

above quoted capacity of water likely to be required.

In order to achieve this conclusion, the study of geological, hydro-

geological and hydrological with lithological study of water aquifer in the

area of factory premises is an essential requirement.

The parameters for ground water wells at this site was examinegeological, hydrogeological, hydrologically to find these variables is

essential for the longivity and continues ground water supply to the Mill as

per the water acquifar available in the campus of the paper mills, the

study of infrastructure of water supply planned by the management for

the ongoing paper unit, from which they are deriving water to the tune of

18000 M3 per day.

We have to further examine the available infrastructure along with

geotechnical & hydrological details of the area so that the water supply so

designed for the paper mill is perpetual for more than three decade.

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Study of reports/ Findings

GEOLOGICAL REPORT

Amritsar lies in the southern part of pennusular Himalyan range. The areais as in the foot hills of Himalyan range which is sedimentation of alluvium

deposits by various river flows in the state of Panjab. It is the in the

category of precarmbians range of Geological formations. The acquifer is

unconsolidated in the range of clay, fine sand, medium sand, coars sand

which depict that the sedimentation of alluvial deposits from ages of

rivers passages and shift in their course and direction has made the soil of

Panjab very fertile as during the river course on its operations and itsmovement from one course to another, brings along with it rich water

bearing strata.

Amritsar lies on southward direction of peninsular Himalayan range and it

acquifier is alluvial formation of sedimentation of ages old deposit of river

Ravi and Bias which makes the district very rich both in quality and

quantity of ground water due to the presence of high oxydation andpermeability of the sands found in this district which has a rich ground

water yield values.

Water is estimated to 25.34 million acre feet whereas normal requirement

is 39.75 million acre feet and the deficit left uncorrected and adds water

depletion. Water table has considerably fallen due to the above facts.

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Water table was at 5 meter to 6 meters in the year 1971, now falls to 20

meters which shows a fall of 8 cm to 33 cm in various part of Panjab.

Whereas in the district of Amritsar the annual fall in water levels around

17 cm per annum this is due to rich natural recharge area and facilities

available for replenishment.

The General Strategraphic sequence of the area is given as under:

PERIOD FORMATION LITHOLOGY AGE

Quaternary Alluvium Coarse Sand,Clay, Medium

Sand, FineSand.

Recent

Table 1 - Strategraphic Sequence

The Himalayan uplands have permanent snow and the average rain fall in

the state of Panjab is 900 mm per annum. which makes the area naturalwater recharge plus the five rivers in Panjab and the Panjab state has

developed its water resources effectively with a mesh of irrigation canals

which has been laid all over the state. The numbers of tubewells have also

been a revolutionary in use for the consumption of the water in the state.

Amritsar being a downtown area for Himalayan range is therefore gets

natural recharge of water and its extraction of water is about 20% plus

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and minus as per the details of irrigation department and other state

gadgets as notified for the area.

HYDROGEOLOGICAL:

As Panjab is known by the land of Five Rivers, the area of Amritsar lieswithin the scope of two perennial rivers, The Ravi, The Bias, the quality of

water of the two rivers is of A category which makes the water of the

area exceedingly palatable for the human consumption and

manufacturing process of high quality products. Furthermore Amritsar

recharge planned by the State Government is so meticulously that the

recharge is equal to extraction of ground water which is plus minus 20%

i.e. the extraction of 20% is replenished by 20% as per the details by thePanjab Irrigation.

Hydrogeological Characteristics:

The area of Amritsar city is occupied by the quaternary, Precambrian

alluvium formation in sand bars, lensed sand, clayey sand, clay, fine sand,

medium sand, coarse sand. This type of acquifer yields moderate to large

quantities of water, permeability of ground water is moderate, which has a

dynamic flow of water 20 meters to 100 meters per day, the quality of

water is also likely to be fresh in this type of aquifer having contents of

sand, medium to course, it helps to have lower coefficient of salinity in the

deeper depth to shallow depths of water well drillings for ground water.

This parameter of naturally resources holds true for the under ground

water acquifar in the area of Amritsar where the unit Khanna Paper Mills is

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located. And going through the details of deep tubewells done in factory

premises the strata encountered displays that the quantity and quality of

ground water is very rich as per the bureau of Indian standards and world

health organisations standards.

Lithology of well bored in the factory is as follows:

Depth Strata Section

0 M to 5 M Surface Clay

5 M to 40.5 M Medium Sand

40.5 M to 43.5 M Clay

43.5 M to 59 M Medium Sand

59 M to 62 M Clay

62 M to 77 M Coarse Sand

77 M to 80 M Clay

80 M to 87 M Medium Sand

87 M to 96 M Clay


109 M to 113 M Fine Sand

113 M to 120 M Clay


147 M to 150 M Clay


158 M to 170 M Clay

170 M to 180 M Fine SandTable 2 Lithology

We have taken one sample of total of Eighteen Tubewells in the factory

premises and we have found that Strata drilled in this well depicts that the

layer of coarse sand and medium sand is moderately rich in water bearing

especially upto 100 meters which takes care of higher perpetual yield of

water from this tubewell. The quality of the water in this area is also of

rich order which is very useful for the manufacturing process of paper

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industry. The two parameters of higher yield and rich quality make the

perpetual natural supply of ground water.

The Housing pipe of 300 mm diameter to depth of 57 meter and the

slotted pipe of 200 mm dia is of about 75 meter makes the water well

yield substantial quantity of water which is approx. more than 2500 litres

per minute. In this case the paper mill has planned from the year of 2002

to 2006, nine tubewells of this design which makes the unit of paper mill

rich flush with ground water for their current use. The future need which is

2500 M3 per day can be achieved by such existing design, drilled

tubewells for which be company has put up in total eighteen deep

tubewells keeping in view of their future expansion, out of which nine

wells are done recently in current years.

The bore well data of Khanna Paper Mill Pvt. Ltd., Amritsar is enclosed as

detailed above which exhibits the wells intrinsic high value and having

lasting result.

The hydrological aspects are therefore as follows.

1. Area is occupied by alluvium formation consisting of fine sand,

medium coarse sand.

2. The thickness of saturated alluvium formation in the area is fairly

thick and extensive.

3. Porous formation is unconsolidated and in the form of higher

permeability.

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Hydrogeological Report:

In order of hydraulic conductivity K, which is normal understanding the

dynamics of the ground water flow for different soils are in meter per day

is shown hereby as per the strata for your reference.

Strata Section Dynamics of

Water K

Unit

Clay Soils 0.01 0.2 Meters per day

Deep clay 10-8 10-2 Meters per day

Loam soil 0.1 1 Meters per day

Fine sand 1 5 Meters per day

Medium sand 5 20 Meters per day

Coarse sand 20 -100 Meters per day

Gravel 10 1000 Meters per day

Sand + Gravel mixClay sand + 5 100 Meters per day

Gravel mix .0001 0.1 Meters per dayTable 3 - Ground Water Flow on Different Soils (Strata)

The strata chart of water wells drilled in the Khanna Paper Mills Pvt. Ltd.,

Amritsar shows that the tubewell has encountered fine sand to medium

sand and coarse sand in abundance which has rich potential to yield

ground water with excellent result of fresh water with minimum amount of

depression during the operation of water wells. It has been observed that

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the depression of wells does not exceed more than 6 meters to 8 meters

which is significant sign of the rich aquifer in the campus of the mill.

The ground water testing report of the water well in the compound exhibit

that the water quality is as per the Bureau of Indian Standards WHO which

helps the use of once used water to recycled again for the second process

as per the quality of the ground water and finally it is disposed of in the

planned drained area.

Accordingly to the quality of water of river Beas and river Ravi on entering

Panjab state is generally A category which means the quality of water is

absorbingly of high standard in the area of the state of Panjab and the city

of Amritsar falls in the nodal area in the category of rich acquifer zone.

Eighteen wells installed by the management of the mills are taking care of

the total average requirement of water of the paper mills which is approx.

18000 M3 per day. Each tubewell has more than 2500 Litres per minute

flow water, apparently for which higher rated submersible pumps of the

range of 25 HP to 30 HP are installed of repute make in all deep wells

drilled more than 120 meter to 150 meter which are adequate to cater the

need of the factory requirement for production, human consumption,

gardening etc.

The wells are so designed that the life of each well is more than

three decades. The factory has added facilities of two DM plants, ETP

and other recharge facilities for ground water management. The company

plans to have a complete ground water management cell to monitor the

ground water and its replenishment.

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f) Thickness of the alluvium formation in the area is fairly

thick to the range of 15 meter to 25 meter in one pocket of the

geological belt and extensive which makes the rich water zone.

PERFORMANCE OF EXISTING WATER WELLS:

As the area of paper mills is spread over in Eighty acres of land on

Fatehgarh Road, Amritsar which is again connected to the National

Highway.

The Paper Mills has three different units for producing quality paper &

board paper namely:-

Name of Units Water Required

(i) Khanna Paper Machine No. 1 175 M3

(ii) Khanna Paper Machine No. 2 130 M3

(iii) Khanna Paper Machine No. 4 450 M3

(iv) DM Plants 1000 M3

(v) Old DM Plant 500 M3Table 4 - Specific Plant or Machines / Water Requirement

The total requirement of water of about 18000 M3 per day is available

with ease from eighteen wells installed in the campus of Khanna Paper

Mills Pvt. Ltd., Amritsar. Their intrinsic yield has the potential to run the

wells round the clock during the year this makes the expansion of mill

commensurate to run the wells effectively perpetually for more than thirty

years.

The well are planned in such away that three wells surround vicinity of

each unit and two tubewells for each units are drilled for their reserve

operation to feed three units in case of emergency, and another two

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tubewells are exclusively for DM plant boiler. All the wells are so

interconnecting and interwoven so that the nodal points of the factory

premises can be taken care of at all times.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

The ground water management is to view increasing demand of water for

various purposes like domestic, industrial, human consumption for which

a greater emphasis is being made for a planned and optimal utilization of

water resources with minimum amount of energy consumed. A

development of ground water resources can be taken care by providing

water harvesting zones and ground water reservoir in excess of

replenishable recharge which may result in regular lowering of water

table. In such situation it is necessary to maintain the ground water by

rain water harvesting and use of water reservoir in a state of dynamic

equilibrium over a period of time so that the water level fluctuations have

to be kept within a particular range over the monsoon and non-monsoon

seasons.

The Growing Global Interest in Rainwater Harvesting

With the development of modern water supply systems in the first half of

twentieth century, many traditional techniques and technologies including

rainwater harvesting techniques went out of favour. Since around 1980

there has been a paradigm shift in global attitudes to the environment

and the growing realization that water resources utilization must be more

sustainable. Since then a series of international initiatives have taken

place to conserve and augment existing resources. As a result rainwater

harvesting technology (RWH) is now being given more attention globally.

The benefit of rainwater harvesting is immense. It provides an ideal

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solution to problem in area having inadequate water solution to problems

in areas having inadequate water resources, raises the ground water

level, mitigates the effects of droughts, reduces soil erosion and

appreciably improves the quality of water.

In general, water harvesting is the activity of direct collection of rainwater.

The rainwater collected can be stored for direct use or can be recharged

into the groundwater. Rain is the first form of water that we know in the

hydrological cycle, hence is a primary source of water for us. Rivers, lakes

and groundwater are all secondary sources of water. In present times, we

depend entirely on such secondary sources of water. In the process, it is

forgotten that rain is the ultimate source that feeds all these secondary

sources and remain ignorant of its value. Water harvesting means to

understand the value of rain, and to make optimum use of the rainwater

at the place where it falls.

The rain water harvesting is effectively done by water collected and the

flow of water is diverted to the following water recharge structures:

Abandoned dug well.

Abandoned running hand pump.

Recharge pit.

Recharge trench.

Gravity head recharge well.

Recharge shaft.

Defunct bore-well.

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Recommendation for water wells in the campus of theMills:

(1) Each tubewells and its pumps need a regular rest of at least few

hours so that the underground area of water infiltration galleries

are renewed, along with the high rated horse power of the pump.

(2) After running of new tubewell with new pump for a period of

three years the pump of the tubewell must be replaced by lower

capacity horse power for example if one has installed 35 HP

pump after three years the tubewell must have 30 HP pump at

the further deeper depth of 3 meters so that the load on

withdrawal of water on the tubewell water channels is mitigated

by the pump and the well. This will help the tubewell and the

pump to a better longevity.

(3) The tubewells have submersible pump whose impeller are of the

gun metals or brass which has lower life comparative to the

stainless steel impeller designed by the various pump

manufacturing companies. This type of submersible pumps with

stainless steel impeller are boon for the industries which required

intensive water for their production and manufacturing process,

as their total running hours life is comparatively higher.

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(4) The chart as per the horse power of the pump which consumed

the normal electricity must be maintain so that incase any pump

whenever it attempts to withdraw extra electrical energy the

same can be observed in the chart and this is right signal to

replace the pump of the well which is drawing extra electrical

energy, (tenure of pump life).

(5) The tenure of pump life is specified by the manufacturer of the

pump which holds the pump to run to its efficient level for

maximum hours which is generally between four thousand to ten

thousands hours as per the design of the pump. In case of high

quality steel this life span of pumps can increase also.

(6) The load on wells and pumps working should be ideally not more

than 50% to 70%.

(7) The life span of each submersible pump is clearly given by the

manufacturer which must be ad-here.

(8) The life span of tubewell can also be increased by placing the

submersible pump at different depths as per the acquifer

available in range of housing pipe.

(9) The withdrawal of water from the tubewell outlet should not be

equal on near to the equal of the casing pipe / slotted pipe.

(10) Incase the slotted pipe is of 300 mm dia than the average

withdrawal can be 150 mm size. This variation must be

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maintained as per the ISI standards of tubewells drilling which

helps in achieving the longevity of the well.

(11) The diameter of the casing pipe or housing pipe used must have

the double drilling dia meter upto a level of 100 meter. This

means that if we are installing 200 mm dia slotted pipe than

drilling dia meter should not be less than 500 mm diameter and

the annular space between the casing pipe and drilling dia must

be filled up with gravel of appropriate size which act filter forincoming water in our housing pipe.

(12) The slotted pipes must be placed adequately at the water

acquifer zone which can tape horizontal running of water, down

ward running of water and capillary rise of water in the design of

water wells.

(13) All tubewells submersible pump must not be kept at same depth

of all tubewells in the vicinity; it should have a variation of depths

for the pumps placement in housing pipe and simultaneous

running of pumps also because deep depression as it adds extra

stress and extra pressure to the aquifer.

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CONCLUSION

On going through the parameters of tubewells drilled and the available

reports of the aquifer, and the yield of the tubewells along with the test

report of water and running of submersible pumps, further to our studies

of geological, hydrogeological, hydrological, lithological reports. We have

found that the quality of water and the quantity of the water which even if

goes to the need of 25000 M3 per day the company has enough

infrastructure potential blended with rich ground water potential which is

quite adequate for more than three decades of ground water to match

their expansion in the near future. The quality of water is of such rich

order that the paper of global quality can be processed by the ground

water available in the area of natural resources. The quantity of water can

be further assured because the 20% extraction of water in the area is

replenished by the climatologically environment and geological &

hydrological conditions along with hydrological aspects explain in our

record.

Therefore it is hereby concluded that the available infrastructure of the

water wells with Khanna Papers Mills Pvt. Ltd. along with the natural

potential of the area makes the mill to have sustainable and continuous

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