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Groundwater Availability Modeling
Texas Water Development Board
PEC OS
W EBB
BR EW STER
H UD SPET H
PRESID IO
REEVES
CU LBER SON
VAL VERD E
DU VAL
TER R ELL
C R OC K ETT
KEN ED Y
FRIO
H ARR IS
H I LL
BELL
BEE
C LAY
POLK
ED W ARD S
J EFF D AVIS
KER R
GAIN ES
LEON
U VALD E
H ALE
D ALLAM
IR ION
D IMMIT
LAMB
KIN G
BEXARKIN N EY
STAR R
H ALL
W ISEJ AC K
U PTON
HID ALGO
S U TTON
C ASS
OLD H AM
ELLIS
MEDIN A
KIMBLE
Z AVALA
KEN T
R U SK
LEE
LYNN
GR AY
COKE
L A SALLE
MILAM
ER ATH
HAR TLEY
HU N T
BR AZO R IA
SMITH
KN OX
FLOYD
LLAN O
A N DR EW S
TYLER
TR AVISLIBERTY
JON ES
N U ECES
R EA GAN
BOW IE
W AR D
ZAPATA
LAMAR
R EAL
N OLAN
TER R Y GA R ZA
MILLS
C OLEMAN
EC TOR
TOM GR EEN
MASON
YOU N G
FALLS
C AMER ON
MAT AGOR DA
H AYS
BR OW N
C OOKE
JASPER
D EAF SMITH
BUR N ET
M AVERIC K
H OU STON
LAVACA
FISH ER
C OLLIN
MOOR E
FANN IN
M OTLEY
MAR TIN
L IVE OAK
D ALLAS
EL PASO
BAILEY
B OSQU E
H AR D IN
KLEBER G
JIM H OGG
TAYLOR
C OT TLE
POTTER
D ON LEY
GOLIAD
SAN SABA
ATASC OSA
D EN TON
COR YELLCR AN E
CON C HO
BAYLOR
DE W ITT
BR OOKS
PAR KER
R U NN ELS
N AVAR R O
ARC H ER
CAR SON
CASTR O
W OOD
SC U RR Y
C R OSBY
FAYETTE
Mc MULL EN
W HAR TON
BORD EN
C ALHOU N
SH ELBY
MEN ARD
GILLESPIE
PAR MER
W ILSON
D IC KEN S
SC H LEIC H ER
GR IMES
F OARD
PAN OLA
H ASKELL
BR ISC OE
R AN D ALL
DAW SON
MID LAN D
H OWAR D
Mc LEN NAN
GON ZALES
GR AYSON RED R IVER
SWISH ER
R OBER TS
H OCKLE Y
AN D ER SON
TARR AN T
W ALKER
L U BBOC K
VIC TORIA
BASTR OP J EFFER SON
SH ER MAN
W H EELER
MITC HELL
YOAKU M
STER LIN GWIN KL ER
TR IN ITY
H EMPH ILL
W ILBA R-GER
COMAN -CHE
WA
LLER
KAR N ES
LIPSC OMB
J AC KSON
W ILLIAMSON
R EFUG IO
W ILLAC Y
LOVING
AU STIN
EASTLAN D
H OPKIN S
Mc CU LL OCH
BLAN C O
H AR RISONSTEPHEN S
ANGELIN A
C ALLAH AN
C OLOR AD O
HAN SFOR D
KAU FMAN
BAN D ER A
PALO PINTO
MON T AGU E
H AMILTO N
OCH ILTR EE
C OM AL
LIMEST ON ESABIN E
COC H RAN
FOR T BEN D
CH AMBER S
VAN ZAN D T
WIC H ITA
J OH N SON
STONEW ALL
H EN DER SON
TITUS
FR EESTON E
MON TG OMER Y
HOOD
KEN D ALL
BR AZ OS
GALVESTON
U P SH U R
H UTC H INSON
LAMPAS AS
BU R LESON
H AR D EMAN
GU ADALU PE
CH ILD -RE SS
AR M-STRON G
GLAS S-COCK
N AC OG-D OC HES
MARION
C ALD W ELL
MAD ISON
ORAN GE
D ELTA
R AIN S
GRE GG
C AMP
MO
RR
IS
FR
ANKLIN
ROCK -WA LL
C OLLI NGS -W ORTH
THR OCK-MOR TON
S OM E R-V E L
SANAUGUS -
TI NE
S ANJ AC IN TO
J IMW ELLS
S HA CKEL-FOR D
C HE RO-KE E
NEW
TON
ROBE RT-SON
WA SH IN G-TON
ARA N-SASSAN
PATR IC I O
80
79
67
78
85
82
6876
69
81
75
77
87
71
72
73
74
84
86
83
46
47
66
53
45
54
56
50
65
38
64
41
51
16
59
42
49
39
63
48
40
61 57
44
37 55
58
62
43
60
52
36
70
29
6
14
17
35
15
9
25
3328
8
7
12
3
345
26
32
30
23
21 10
11
27
20
18
22
19
24
13
2
31
4
1
PECOS
WEBB
BREWSTER
HUDSPETH
PR ESIDIO
REEVES
CULBERSON
VAL VERDE
DUVAL
TERR ELL
CROCKETT
FRI O
HARRIS
HILL
BELL
BEE
KENEDY
CLAY
POLK
ED WARDS
JEFF DAVI S
GAINES
LEON
KERR
UVALDE
HALE
DALLAM
KI NG
IRION
LAMB
DIMMI T
BEXARKI NNEY
STARR
HALL
JACK
CASS
WISE
SU TTON
OLDHAM
HIDALGO
ELLI S
UPTON
ZAVALA
MEDI NA
KI MBLE
RUSK
LEE
LYNN KEN T
GRAY
LA SALLE
COKE
MILAM
ERATH
HARTLEY
HUNT
SMITH
KN OX
FLOYD
LLANO
TYLER
BR AZORIA
AN DREWS
TRAVI S LIBERTY
REAGAN
JONES
ZAPATA
LAMAR
BOWI E
NUECES
WARD
REAL
NOLAN
TERR Y GARZA
COLEMAN
MILLS
EC TOR
YO UNG
TOM GREEN
MASON
FALLS
MAVERICK
BU RNET
HAYS
DEAF SMITH
JASPER
LAVACA
HOUSTON
COOKE
FISHER
BROW N
COLLIN
MOORE
MOTLEY
FANN IN
MARTIN
EL PASO
BAI LEY
DALLAS
LIVE O AK
BOSQUE
HARDIN
JIM HO GG
TAYLOR
CAMERON
PO TTER
GOLIAD
CRANE
COTTLE
DONLEY
ATASCOSA
SAN SABA
DENTON
CORYELL
BAYLOR
CONC HO
BROOKS
RUNNELS
PARKER
NAVARRO
ARCHER
DE WI TT
CARSON
SCURRY
MATAGO RDA
CROSBY
KLEBERG
FAYETTE
SH ELBY
WOOD
CASTRO
BORDEN
MENARD
WHARTON
NEWTON
PAR MER
GILLESPIE
MCMULLEN
DICKENS
SCHLEI CHER
FO ARD
HASKELL
PANOLA
GRIMES
MIDLAND
WILSON
RANDALL
BR ISCOESWISHER
DAWSON
GRAYSON
GONZALES
HOW ARD
RED RI VER
ROBERTS
HOCKLEY
TARR ANT
ANDERSON
MCLENNAN
LUBBO CK
CALHO UN
CHEROKEE
VI CTORI A
BASTRO P
WALKER
SHERMAN
YO AKUM
MITCH ELL
STERLING
HEMPHI LL
WHEELER
KARNES
TRI NITY
WINKLER
JACKSON
LIPSCOMB
LOVI NG
WILLIAMSON
AUSTI N
EASTLAND
REFUGIO
HOPKIN S
HARRISON
BLANCO
CALLAHAN
COLORADO
AN GELINA
MCCULLOCH
STEPHENS
WILLACY
JEFFERSO N
KAU FMAN
BAN DERA
HANSFORD
COMANCHE
MONTAGUE
PALO PINTO
JIM WELLS
LIMESTONE
COMAL
HAMI LTON
OCHI LTREE
WILBARGER
SABI NE
COCHRAN
CHAMBERS
FORT BEND
VAN ZANDT
HENDERSON
STO NEWALL
JOHNSON
FREESTON E
MONTGOMERY
GLASSCO CK
KENDALL
TITUS
BRAZO S
HOO D
WICHITA
ARMSTRO NG
UPSHUR
ROBERTSON
HUTCHINSO N
LAMPASAS
CHILDRESS
WA
LLER
NACOG DOC HES
SH ACKELFORD
BURLESON
HARDEMAN
GUADALUPE
GALVESTON
MARI ON
THROCKMORTO N
COLLINGSWO RTH
MADI SON
CALDW ELL
SAN PATR ICIO
SAN JACI NTO
AR ANSAS
WASHINGTON ORANGE
DELTA
RAINS
GREGG
SA
N A
UG
US
T INE
CAMP
MO
RR
IS
FRAN
KLIN
SOMER-VELL
ROCK-WALL
Region F Brazos G
Panhandle
Far West Texas
Region C
East Texas
Region H
Llano Estacado
Plateau
Rio Grande
South Central Texas
Region B
Coastal Bend
Lower Colorado
North East Texas
Lavaca
P
D
K
N
B
M
L
J
O
H
I
C
E
A
GF
Groundwater Availability Model (GAM) for the
Presidio-Redford Bolsons
Stakeholder Advisory Forum #1November 4, 2005
Shirley WadeAli Chowdhury
Doug Coker
Acknowledgements
• Janet Adams and the Presidio County UWCD Board Members
• The City of Presidio• IBWC staff including
Rong Kuo and Hector Hernandez
• Luis Armendariz -TPWD
• David Lewis -American Legion Hall
• Many individual landowners
• Doug Coker• Ali Chowdhury• Jorge Arroyo• Adolph Sticklebault• Miguel Pavon• Rima Petrossian• Sarah Davidson• Roberto Anaya• Roger Quincy
Contributors to the project at TWDB
Agenda for Stakeholder Advisory Forum (SAF) Meeting No. 1
November 4, 2005• Purpose of Groundwater Availability
Models (GAMs) and the Stakeholder Advisory Forum
• Groundwater modeling• Hydrogeology • Modeling approach• Data Needs• Project schedule
• Purpose: to develop tools that can be used to help evaluate groundwater
• Public process: you get to see how the model is put together.
• Freely available: standardized, thoroughly documented, with reports available over the internet.
• Living tools: periodically updated.
GAM
• …the amount of groundwater that may be permitted by a district for beneficial use in accordance with the desired future condition of the aquifer (HB 1763)
• A GAM is a tool that can be used to assess groundwater availability once the GMAsdecide the desired future condition of their aquifer(s).
What ismanaged available
groundwater?
• The model– predict water levels and flows in response to
pumping and drought– effects of well fields
• Data in the model– water in storage– recharge estimates– hydraulic properties
• Data Storehouse
How do weuse GAM?
Groundwater Modeling• We model the aquifer by dissecting or
dividing it into squares. • Each square is called a “grid cell”.• Water flowing in and out of each grid cell
is calculated and balanced.• Inflows and outflows can include:
– cross formational flow (up and down flows), – lateral inflow and outflow (side to side), – Pumping (water taken out of aquifer), – Infiltration (water being added to aquifer), – Evapotranspiration, and – stream inflows and outflows.
Conceptual view of a groundwater flow system
From, Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc.
Cutout of an aquifer
Groundwaterflow
From, Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc.
Cutout of aquifer dissected into grid cells
•• PermeabilityPermeability•• Storage valueStorage value•• ThicknessThickness
IrrigationIrrigationreturn flowreturn flow
NaturalNaturalrechargerecharge
Water Water remaining remaining in storagein storage
From, Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc.
Flow in one cell
Study Area
CHIHUAHUA
Land surface elevation and average rainfall
(rainfall map (Beach and others, 2004)
Structure Data:Bolson
Thickness in Feet from
geophysical surveys
(Based on USGS SWAP data and Gates and others, 1980)
N
Structure profile based on Gravity Survey
(From Mraz and Keller, 1980, Figure 5)
Collecting River Samples
Geochemistry Findings
● Groundwater composition is mainly controlled by varying lithology (rocks), evaporation, mixing, and chemical processes.
● Deeper saline groundwater from the mountains discharges below into the Presidio Bolson.
● Modern recharge is minimal, episodic, and localized. Recharge occurs across the bolsons mainly through stream beds.
● Groundwater movement through the Bolsons is extremely slow and groundwater ultimately discharges at the Rio Grande.
B
B’
Surface Geology of Presidio Bolson
(from Groat C.G., 1972, Bureau of Economic Geology)
Cross Section along Highway 67
Sandstone
Conglomerate
Mudstone
Conceptualized flow system, Presidio Bolson
Water LevelsComposite of regional water level data from 1950 through 2004
2004 through 2005 Water Levels from Presidio and Redford Bolsons
Hydrographs
(Base map from Groat C. G., 1972, BEG)
Hydrographs(Base map from Groat C. G., 1972, BEG)
County-wide Pumping Data
County-wide pumping
Additional Data
In addition to the data we’ve presented we will also be using:
• IBWC Stream gauge data to calibrate interaction with the river
• Hydraulic properties from pump tests• Landuse coverage for assigning pumping • Plant coverage to estimate
evapotranspiration
Model Grid
(Base map from Groat C. G., 1972, BEG)
1 mile x 1 mile cells
Data Needs
Although we have collected a lot of information over the last year additional data, particularly from Mexico, that would benefit our project includes:
• Structural data showing the thickness of the Presidio Bolson
• Water levels from wells• Hydraulic properties from pump tests
(Hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storage)
• Groundwater chemistry• Pumping volumes• Stream flow
Modeling Approach
•• Gather data and construct conceptual Gather data and construct conceptual modelmodel
•• Create computer model Create computer model –– assign properties assign properties to the gridto the grid
•• HistoryHistory--match (calibrate) model to a time match (calibrate) model to a time before pumpingbefore pumping
•• Add pumping to model and historyAdd pumping to model and history--match match measured water levels over timemeasured water levels over time
Preliminary Schedule
2005 •• November 4 November 4 –– SAF1SAF12006• June – Deadline for
receiving data• July – Draft conceptual
model report• July – Deadline for
stakeholder comments on conceptual model
• August – Steady-state model
•• August August –– SAF2SAF2
2007• February – Transient
model• April – Draft report•• April April –– SAF3SAF3• May – Deadline for
stakeholder comments on draft report
• June – Final report
• Groundwater Conservation Districts (GCDs), Regional Water Planning Groups (RWPGs), TWDB, and others collect new information on aquifer.
• This information can enhance the current GAMs.
• TWDB plans to update GAMs every five years with new information.
• Please share information and ideas with TWDB on aquifers and GAMs.
Livingtools
• SAF meetings– hear about progress on the model– comment on model assumptions– offer information (timing is important!)
• Report review– at end of project
• Contact TWDB– Shirley Wade
Participating inthe GAM process
Groundwater Availability ModelingModelo de Disponibilidad de Agua Subterranea
Texas Water Development Board
PEC OS
W EBB
BR EW STER
H UD SPET H
PRESID IO
REEVES
CU LBER SON
VAL VERD E
DU VAL
TER R ELL
C R OC K ETT
KEN ED Y
FRIO
H ARR IS
H I LL
BELL
BEE
C LAY
POLK
ED W ARD S
J EFF D AVIS
KER R
GAIN ES
LEON
U VALD E
H ALE
D ALLAM
IR ION
D IMMIT
LAMB
KIN G
BEXARKIN N EY
STAR R
H ALL
W ISEJ AC K
U PTON
HID ALGO
S U TTON
C ASS
OLD H AM
ELLIS
MEDIN A
KIMBLE
Z AVALA
KEN T
R U SK
LEE
LYNN
GR AY
COKE
L A SALLE
MILAM
ER ATH
HAR TLEY
HU N T
BR AZO R IA
SMITH
KN OX
FLOYD
LLAN O
A N DR EW S
TYLER
TR AVISLIBERTY
JON ES
N U ECES
R EA GAN
BOW IE
W AR D
ZAPATA
LAMAR
R EAL
N OLAN
TER R Y GA R ZA
MILLS
C OLEMAN
EC TOR
TOM GR EEN
MASON
YOU N G
FALLS
C AMER ON
MAT AGOR DA
H AYS
BR OW N
C OOKE
JASPER
D EAF SMITH
BUR N ET
M AVERIC K
H OU STON
LAVACA
FISH ER
C OLLIN
MOOR E
FANN IN
M OTLEY
MAR TIN
L IVE OAK
D ALLAS
EL PASO
BAILEY
B OSQU E
H AR D IN
KLEBER G
JIM H OGG
TAYLOR
C OT TLE
POTTER
D ON LEY
GOLIAD
SAN SABA
ATASC OSA
D EN TON
COR YELLCR AN E
CON C HO
BAYLOR
DE W ITT
BR OOKS
PAR KER
R U NN ELS
N AVAR R O
ARC H ER
CAR SON
CASTR O
W OOD
SC U RR Y
C R OSBY
FAYETTE
Mc MULL EN
W HAR TON
BORD EN
C ALHOU N
SH ELBY
MEN ARD
GILLESPIE
PAR MER
W ILSON
D IC KEN S
SC H LEIC H ER
GR IMES
F OARD
PAN OLA
H ASKELL
BR ISC OE
R AN D ALL
DAW SON
MID LAN D
H OWAR D
Mc LEN NAN
GON ZALES
GR AYSON RED R IVER
SWISH ER
R OBER TS
H OCKLE Y
AN D ER SON
TARR AN T
W ALKER
L U BBOC K
VIC TORIA
BASTR OP J EFFER SON
SH ER MAN
W H EELER
MITC HELL
YOAKU M
STER LIN GWIN KL ER
TR IN ITY
H EMPH ILL
W ILBA R-GER
COMAN -CHE
WA
LLER
KAR N ES
LIPSC OMB
J AC KSON
W ILLIAMSON
R EFUG IO
W ILLAC Y
LOVING
AU STIN
EASTLAN D
H OPKIN S
Mc CU LL OCH
BLAN C O
H AR RISONSTEPHEN S
ANGELIN A
C ALLAH AN
C OLOR AD O
HAN SFOR D
KAU FMAN
BAN D ER A
PALO PINTO
MON T AGU E
H AMILTO N
OCH ILTR EE
C OM AL
LIMEST ON ESABIN E
COC H RAN
FOR T BEN D
CH AMBER S
VAN ZAN D T
WIC H ITA
J OH N SON
STONEW ALL
H EN DER SON
TITUS
FR EESTON E
MON TG OMER Y
HOOD
KEN D ALL
BR AZ OS
GALVESTON
U P SH U R
H UTC H INSON
LAMPAS AS
BU R LESON
H AR D EMAN
GU ADALU PE
CH ILD -RE SS
AR M-STRON G
GLAS S-COCK
N AC OG-D OC HES
MARION
C ALD W ELL
MAD ISON
ORAN GE
D ELTA
R AIN S
GRE GG
C AMP
MO
RR
IS
FR
ANKLIN
ROCK -WA LL
C OLLI NGS -W ORTH
THR OCK-MOR TON
S OM E R-V E L
SANAUGUS -
TI NE
S ANJ AC IN TO
J IMW ELLS
S HA CKEL-FOR D
C HE RO-KE E
NEW
TON
ROBE RT-SON
WA SH IN G-TON
ARA N-SASSAN
PATR IC I O
80
79
67
78
85
82
6876
69
81
75
77
87
71
72
73
74
84
86
83
46
47
66
53
45
54
56
50
65
38
64
41
51
16
59
42
49
39
63
48
40
61 57
44
37 55
58
62
43
60
52
36
70
29
6
14
17
35
15
9
25
3328
8
7
12
3
345
26
32
30
23
21 10
11
27
20
18
22
19
24
13
2
31
4
1
PECOS
WEBB
BREWSTER
HUDSPETH
PR ESIDIO
REEVES
CULBERSON
VAL VERDE
DUVAL
TERR ELL
CROCKETT
FRI O
HARRIS
HILL
BELL
BEE
KENEDY
CLAY
POLK
ED WARDS
JEFF DAVI S
GAINES
LEON
KERR
UVALDE
HALE
DALLAM
KI NG
IRION
LAMB
DIMMI T
BEXARKI NNEY
STARR
HALL
JACK
CASS
WISE
SU TTON
OLDHAM
HIDALGO
ELLI S
UPTON
ZAVALA
MEDI NA
KI MBLE
RUSK
LEE
LYNN KEN T
GRAY
LA SALLE
COKE
MILAM
ERATH
HARTLEY
HUNT
SMITH
KN OX
FLOYD
LLANO
TYLER
BR AZORIA
AN DREWS
TRAVI S LIBERTY
REAGAN
JONES
ZAPATA
LAMAR
BOWI E
NUECES
WARD
REAL
NOLAN
TERR Y GARZA
COLEMAN
MILLS
EC TOR
YO UNG
TOM GREEN
MASON
FALLS
MAVERICK
BU RNET
HAYS
DEAF SMITH
JASPER
LAVACA
HOUSTON
COOKE
FISHER
BROW N
COLLIN
MOORE
MOTLEY
FANN IN
MARTIN
EL PASO
BAI LEY
DALLAS
LIVE O AK
BOSQUE
HARDIN
JIM HO GG
TAYLOR
CAMERON
PO TTER
GOLIAD
CRANE
COTTLE
DONLEY
ATASCOSA
SAN SABA
DENTON
CORYELL
BAYLOR
CONC HO
BROOKS
RUNNELS
PARKER
NAVARRO
ARCHER
DE WI TT
CARSON
SCURRY
MATAGO RDA
CROSBY
KLEBERG
FAYETTE
SH ELBY
WOOD
CASTRO
BORDEN
MENARD
WHARTON
NEWTON
PAR MER
GILLESPIE
MCMULLEN
DICKENS
SCHLEI CHER
FO ARD
HASKELL
PANOLA
GRIMES
MIDLAND
WILSON
RANDALL
BR ISCOESWISHER
DAWSON
GRAYSON
GONZALES
HOW ARD
RED RI VER
ROBERTS
HOCKLEY
TARR ANT
ANDERSON
MCLENNAN
LUBBO CK
CALHO UN
CHEROKEE
VI CTORI A
BASTRO P
WALKER
SHERMAN
YO AKUM
MITCH ELL
STERLING
HEMPHI LL
WHEELER
KARNES
TRI NITY
WINKLER
JACKSON
LIPSCOMB
LOVI NG
WILLIAMSON
AUSTI N
EASTLAND
REFUGIO
HOPKIN S
HARRISON
BLANCO
CALLAHAN
COLORADO
AN GELINA
MCCULLOCH
STEPHENS
WILLACY
JEFFERSO N
KAU FMAN
BAN DERA
HANSFORD
COMANCHE
MONTAGUE
PALO PINTO
JIM WELLS
LIMESTONE
COMAL
HAMI LTON
OCHI LTREE
WILBARGER
SABI NE
COCHRAN
CHAMBERS
FORT BEND
VAN ZANDT
HENDERSON
STO NEWALL
JOHNSON
FREESTON E
MONTGOMERY
GLASSCO CK
KENDALL
TITUS
BRAZO S
HOO D
WICHITA
ARMSTRO NG
UPSHUR
ROBERTSON
HUTCHINSO N
LAMPASAS
CHILDRESS
WA
LLER
NACOG DOC HES
SH ACKELFORD
BURLESON
HARDEMAN
GUADALUPE
GALVESTON
MARI ON
THROCKMORTO N
COLLINGSWO RTH
MADI SON
CALDW ELL
SAN PATR ICIO
SAN JACI NTO
AR ANSAS
WASHINGTON ORANGE
DELTA
RAINS
GREGG
SA
N A
UG
US
T INE
CAMP
MO
RR
IS
FRAN
KLIN
SOMER-VELL
ROCK-WALL
Region F Brazos G
Panhandle
Far West Texas
Region C
East Texas
Region H
Llano Estacado
Plateau
Rio Grande
South Central Texas
Region B
Coastal Bend
Lower Colorado
North East Texas
Lavaca
P
D
K
N
B
M
L
J
O
H
I
C
E
A
GF
Groundwater Availability Model (GAM) for the Presidio-Redford Bolsons
Modelo de Disponibilidad de Agua en en el Acuifero Bolson Presidio-Redford
Primer Foro de Interesados4 de noviembre del 2005
Shirley WadeAli Chowdhury
Doug Coker
AcknowledgementsReconocimientos
• Janet Adams y directores de la junta del GCD de Presidio
• Ciudad de Presidio• Personal de la CILA
Rong Kuo and Hector Hernandez
• Luis Armendariz -TPWD
• David Lewis -American Legion Hall
• Propietarios
• Doug Coker• Ali Chowdhury• Jorge Arroyo• Miguel Pavon• Rima Petrossian • Sarah Davidson• Roberto Anaya• Roger Quincy • Mark Hayes
Contributors to the project at TWDBPersonal contribuyente
Agenda para la primera reunion de interesados
4 de noviembre del 2005
• Propósito del modelo (GAM) y del foro de interesados
• Modelos de acuíferos• Hidrogeología• Enfoque del modelo• Informacion necesaria• Plan del proyecto
• Propósito: crear una herramienta para evaluarel acuífero
• Proceso Público: Usted observa comoe se desarrolla el modelo
• Gratuito: Estandarizado, completamentedocumentado, disponible via Internet
• Dinámico: Se revisa y actualizaperiódicamente
GAM-Modelo de disponibilidaddel Acuifero
Ubicación de los Modelos paraAcuíferos Mayores
Ubicación de los modelos para acuíferosmenores: Completos y En Desarrollo
Ubicación de los modelos para acuíferosPropuestos para la Tercera Ronda
• …La cantidad de agua sobre la cuál el distrito de manejo puede otorgar permisospara uso beneficioso y que cumple con la condición futura deseada para el acuífero(HB 1763)
• El modelo es una herramienta para evaluarla disponibilidad de agua una vez que se ha decidido cuál es la condición deseada parael futuro del acuífero
Qué es el manejo de disponibilidad de agua
subterránea?
Distritos de Conservación de Aguas Subterráneas y Areas de Manejo de Acuíferos
• Modelo– Predictor de caudales y niveles de agua en el
acuífero– Efectos de campos de pozos
• Información en el modelo– Agua almacenada– Estimación de recarga– Propiedades hidráulicas
• Almacenamiento de información
Cómo usamos el modelo?
Modelamiento de Acuíferos• Se divide el acuífero en una cuadrícula• Cada cubito en la cuadrícula se denomina
“celda”• Se hace un balance del agua que entra
con el agua que sale de cada celda• Flujos entrantes/salientes incluyen
– Flujo horizontal/vertical de otras formaciones– Flujos laterales– Bombeo– Infiltración (agua que se añade al acuífero)– Evapotranspiración– Recarga/descarga a corrientes superficiales
Conceptual view of a groundwater flow systemVista conceptual de un sistema de flujo en un acuífero
BombeoRecarga de corrientes
From, Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc.
Cutout of an aquiferCorte de un acuífero
Flujo del agua
From, Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc.
Cutout of aquifer dissected into grid cellsCeldas en un corte del acuífero
••PermeabilidadPermeabilidad••CapacidadCapacidad de de almacenamientoalmacenamiento••EspesorEspesor
RetornoRetornodel del riegoriego
RecargaRecarganaturalnatural
Agua Agua almacenadaalmacenada
From, Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc.
Flow in one cellFlujo en una celda
Area de Estudio
Topografía y promedios de lluvia
(rainfall map (Beach and others, 2004)
Información sobreestrucutura del
acuífero:Espesor en pies
obtenido de levantamiento
geofísico(Based on USGS SWAP data and Gates and others, 1980)
N
Pérfil del acuífero con base a levantamiento gravitacional
(From Mraz and Keller, 1980, Figure 5)
Toma de muestras del rio
Determinaciones geofísicas
● La composición del agua es controladaprincipalmente por la litología (rocas), evaporación, mezcla y procesos químicos
● Agua salobre –de las montañas- más profundadescarga debajo del Bolsón de Presidio
● Recarga moderna es mínima, episódica y radicada. La recarga ocurre a lo largo de los bolsonesprincipalmente por los cauces de las corrientes
● El movimiento del agua en los bolsones esextremadamente lento y el agua finalmente descarga en el Río Grande
B
B’
Geología Superficial delBolsón de Presidio
(from Groat C.G., 1972, Bureau of Economic Geology)
Cross Section along Highway 67-Corte Seccional-
Roca arenosa
Conglomerado
Mudstone
Flujo conceptualizado del Bolsón de Presidio
Niveles del agua
Composite of regional water level data from 1950 through 2004
2004-2005Niveles de aguade los Bolsonesde Redford y Presidio
Hidrogramas
(Base map from Groat C. G., 1972, BEG)
Hidrogramas(Base map from Groat C. G., 1972, BEG)
Información de bombeo en todo el Condado-Riego, doméstico rural, ganado, Ciudad de Presidio-
County-wide pumping
Información adicional
Además de lo descrito, usaremos• Mediciones de cauces de la CILA para
calibrar interacciones con el río• Propiedades hidráulicas de las pruebas de
bombeo• Coberture de usos de suelo para asignar
bombeo• Cobertura vegetal para estimar
evapotranspiración
Cuadrículadel modelo
(Base map from Groat C. G., 1972, BEG)
1 mile x 1 mile cells
Información necesaria
Otra información, especialmente de México, sería muy beneficiosa:
• Información estructural para determinar el espesor del acuífero
• Niveles de agua en los pozos• Características hidráulicas a partir de
pruebas de bombeo• Características químicas del agua• Volúmen de bombeo• Caudales (flujos) en los ríos
Enfoque del modelo
• Recolectar información y construir modeloconceptual
• Crear modelo computarizado basado en el modelo conceptual –Asignar las características de la cuadrícula.
• Calibrar el modelo a los niveles observadosen condiciones de flujo estable antes del bombeo
• Calibrar el modelo a condicionestransitorias con base a la información de bombeo
Programa Preliminar
2005 •• November 4 November 4 –– Primer Primer ForoForo2006• Junio- Recibir información• Julio- Preparar concepto
de modelo• Julio- Comentarios de
interesados• Agosto- Modelo de flujo
estable•• AgostoAgosto-- Segundo Segundo ForoForo
2007• Febrero- Modelo
transitorio• Abril- Reporte borrador•• AbrilAbril-- TercerTercer ForoForo• Mayo – Comentarions
públicos sobre el borrador• Junio- Reporte Final
• Distritos de Manejo del Acuífero (GCDs), Grupos Regionales de Planificación del Agua (RWPGs), TWDB, y otros reúnesinformación sobre el acuífere
• Dicha información puede mejorar el modelo• TWDB planea actualizar el modelo cada 5
años• TWDB agradece su información e ideas
sobre el acuífero y el modelo
Herramientadinámica
• Reuniones de Interesados– Escucha acerca de avances en el modelo– Comentar sobre las suposiciones del modelo– Otra información (importante presentarla a
tiempo)• Revisión del reporte
– Al final del proyecto• Contacto en TWDB
– Shirley Wade
Participación en el proceso de modelamiento
Presidio – Redford Bolson aquifer GAM Stakeholder Advisory Forum 1
November 4, 2005
Name Affiliation Rima Petrossian Texas Water Development Board Shirley Wade Texas Water Development Board Doug Coker Texas Water Development Board Adolph Stickelbault Texas Water Development Board Sarah Davidson Texas Water Development Board Caroline Runge FWTRWPG and local landowner Billy D. Roberts Trans-Pecos Water Trust Janet Adams Presidio County UWCD Tony Giles SRSU Hector Morales Redford Water Supply Jeff Bennett National Park Service, Big Bend National Park Rafael Realivasquez Texas Cooperative Extension Rong Kuo USIBWC Armando Reyes CILA Andres J. Bañuelas CILA Jessica A. Nuñez USIBWC E.M. Nieto Land owner Mike Mecke Texas Water Resources Extension Mark Dobson DNA Geosciences Zhuping Sheng Texas A&M University Rebecca Wainright Texas Department of State Health Services Cynthia Clarke City of Presidio Sterry Butcher Big Bend Sentinel, Presidio International
Newspapers Patt Sims Presidio High School David Lewis Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
Questions and Answers from the Stakeholder Advisory Forum for the Groundwater Availability Model of the Presidio-Redford Bolson aquifer. The meeting was held on the afternoon of November 4, 2005 at the American Legion Hall in Presidio Texas. Question: How will the models be used in areas where there is not a Groundwater Management Area? Can they be used by planning areas? Answer: The Groundwater Management Areas (GMAs) cover the entire state. The models can also be used by Regional Water Planning Groups (RWPGs). Use of the models by GMAs, RWPGs, and Groundwater Conservation Districts (GCDs) is complimentary and should lead to parallels in management and planning strategies by the different groups. Question: How big are the grid cells in the model? Answer: In this model, each grid cell is 1 mile by 1 mile. Smaller grid cells are better only if data are available; if enough data are not available, making smaller grid cells will not improve the model. Question: Do you have pumping data from the Mexican side of the aquifer? Answer: No, but any data from the Mexican side that individuals or groups could provide us would be very helpful! Question: Is pumping in small communities and unincorporated towns incorporated into the pumping for the model, and if so, how is it estimated? Answer: We used statewide estimates of average per capita use and distributed this value per rural population based on census data. Where possible, water supply corporations will be separated out for newer models. Question: Do irrigation pumping numbers come from the state plan provided by TCEQ? Answer: The irrigation use numbers are from the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB)’s state water plan. Comment: We think that the state’s irrigation numbers are wrong. Response: We will find out exactly how the irrigation numbers are estimated and get back to you. {The source of the irrigation use data is from the local and regional soil conservation service offices. The offices estimate use, crop types, and irrigated area and report those numbers to the TWDB. We expect that the City of Presidio use and livestock use will be the major groundwater pumping categories in the Presidio – Redford Bolson GAM. The large amount of Presidio County irrigation shown in the SAF presentation may be from Ryan Flat Bolson. We will try to have the pumping input data for the model
prepared before the next stakeholder meeting so that stakeholders will have the opportunity to review it.} Comment: That drop [in pumping] might be because of drought during the mid- to late 1980s, when there was no water in the river or the alluvium. Response: We have to distribute the pumping numbers, to find out how much pumping occurs in different places within the aquifer, in order to see how much pumping is from the alluvium. Question: Do we know how far the aquifer goes into Mexico? Answer: We are relying on structural data, data from a gravity survey, Charles Groat’s study map of the geology of the bolson, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from ESRI (North America DEM) Question: Could you use water chemistry data or isotopes? Answer: {Ideally it is possible to use isotopes and geochemistry to identify an aquifer; however, in this case you may not necessarily be able to use chemical data by itself to define the extent of the aquifer. Well logs or other geologic or geophysical data may be necessary.} Question: You update the models every five years. If a lot of new information becomes available in less than five years, do you have to wait five years before you update? Answer: Not necessarily. If the information becomes available, and if it will significantly improve the model and be more useful to users, we can update the model earlier. This has been done with the model for the northern part of the Ogallala aquifer. Question: Has Charles Groat’s Bureau of Economic Geology 1972 study been reconciled with Chris Henry’s new geological information? He was hired by Parks and Wildlife during the 80s and spent ten years studying the geology of the area, and his findings are very different. Answer: We will find Chris Henry’s study and compare them. Question: You say that this model is the same as the one used for the Ogallala and other aquifers in Texas. Could you use models done for aquifers in New Mexico or Arizona that are more similar to the Presidio-Redford Bolson aquifer? {To clarify- the figures that were shown as an example were from a presentation for the Ogallala aquifer GAM. We will not be using the same model as was used for the Ogallala. We will be developing a new model for the Presidio Bolson using the modeling software MODFLOW}
Answer: We will use the same software, MODFLOW, to input our data, but for each aquifer model we use only field data collected within that aquifer. The MODFLOW software is used to model all kinds of aquifers in and outside of Texas. Question: Has the MODFLOW software been tested? Answer: Yes, the MODFLOW program has been tested. However, each model will have limitations based on the amount of data that are available to put into the model. Question: Have you decided how you will estimate recharge for the model? Answer: We will use isotope data collected in the Presidio-Redford Bolson, along with recharge estimates made for similar bolson aquifers, to come up with a range of possible recharge rates. We will then adjust the recharge estimates in the model until the model matches the field data we have collected. Comment: So you can just change the recharge until it makes the model work? Response: This is one of several variables that can be adjusted to make the model work, but we will keep it within the realistic range that we come up with. Question: How will evapotranspiration (ET) be estimated? Do you have a multiplier? Answer: The agency is working on an ET study that which involves reviewing and compiling data from previous studies to come up with statewide estimates. The study report will be posted on our website. Question: Will the vegetation studies just look at acres of land with vegetation, or will it distinguish vegetation by type? Answer: We want to be able to distinguish vegetation by type. We will try to determine this using vegetation maps. Question: Will you also be predicting the groundwater quality? Answer: The model doesn’t use water chemistry. We use water chemistry data to help determine the geology of the area and groundwater movement. Question: How bad is water chemistry in the aquifer? Answer: In some areas it is probably not drinkable. Texas Department of Water Resouces Report #256 (Gates and others) quantified water quality within the bolson. This report is available on our website at http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/publications/reports/ GroundWaterReports/GWReports/GWreports.asp.
Question: It is probably too early to ask, but how many layers will you use in the model? How will you account for present and future stress on the aquifer? Answer: We have records from shallow wells and from some deep wells, but no hydrographs [water level measurements over time] from deep wells. If more pumping occurs in the deep part of the aquifer, we will have to add data and recalibrate the model. Comment: The Presidio groundwater study is important because it is a transboundary aquifer. I am Rong Kuo from the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) in El Paso. We have representatives here from the Mexican section of the IBWC [Comisión Internacional de Limites y Aguas, or CILA]. The US section will go through the proper channels to request data from Mexico. Comment: The Comisión Nacional del Agua (CNA) has a database of groundwater information for Mexico. We [the CILA representatives] will see if they are interested and want to participate.