From Survey to Sustainability –Groundwater Experiences of

Maharashtra

VikasVikas KharageKharageDirectorDirector

Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency,Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency,Water Supply and Sanitation Department,Water Supply and Sanitation Department,

Government of MaharashtraGovernment of Maharashtra

Road map Salient Features Survey Work Network of Observation wells GW Quality Network Scientific Approach Drinking Water Hydrology Project Community Approach Own Initiatives & Innovations Water Security and Sustainability

Salient Features

Maharashtra: Rainfall

Maharashtra- Situation….

HDP 28%MDP 44%UDP 28%

Basins Geomorphology

River basins: 05, Sub-basins: 15Elementary watersheds: 1505

GP

25

GP-26

Maharashtra: Situation….

82%

5%4%9%

Basalt Metamorphic Sedimentary Alluvium

Yearly Recuperation

HundredsYear Old

Thousands YearOld

Geology Hydrogeology

Domestic5%

Industrial10%

Irrigation85%

Maharashtra: Situation ??

Adverse – Nothing Favorable

Still More Dependency on Groundwater Resource

Thanks to the Visionary People who gave importance to GW

Geographical area 30.77 Million Ha

Zilla Parishads 33

Panchayat Samitis 347

Gram Panchayats 27,800

Total no of villages- 42,000+

Total habitations 86,681

Rural families 1.1 crore

Rural population 5.25 crore

Maharashtra: Statistics

Major & Medium Projects: 2488 Minor Projects: 1469 Total Potential created: 39.57 lakh Ha Potential Utilised: 24.42 lakh Ha Area under surface irrigation: 11.83 lakh Ha Total GW Recharge: 31.21 BCM GW Draft: 15.09 BCM GW Irrigation: 28.75 Ha

Maharashtra: Water Statistics

Total area under Irrigation in Maharashtra - 40.58 lakh hec.

Well Irrigation28.75 lakh hec.71 %

Surface Irrigation11.83 lakh hec.29%

Maharashtra – Water Statistics

Status: Drinking Water SupplyRural Water Supply90,000 Dug wells220,000 Bore wells14,000 Power pumps (Mini Water Supply Schemes)90 Dual Pumps18000 Single Village Schemes721 Multi Village Schemes

(Regional Pipe Water Supply Schemes)

GSDA Maharashtra – Only State having

independent Govt GW Department Machinery across State upto

District Level Governed by Water Supply &

Sanitation Department Funded through budgetary

allocation

Systematic Hydrogeological Survey of 25400 villages of the State Delineated Groundwater

Worthy and Non-Worthy Areas in these villages Village level Gw Data base

available for Development and Management

Groundwater Survey Work

Hydrogeological Survey for Drinking Water Sources in the State Geophysical Survey for

confirmation & potential area delineation Hydrogeological Survey for

GW development

Groundwater Survey Work

Groundwater Level Monitoring Network

Long duration & Strong data base for groundwater levels Research Work Policy framing Water Scarcity

Declaration & Mitigation Declaration of Over

Exploited/Critical Watersheds

Water Scarcity Prediction

Gw Levels of Oct 08 w.r.to last five years

Avg

Talukawise Actual Rainfall of 2008 w.r.to normal

Analysis of Chemical & Bacteriological Data 3370 Baseline, 397 Trend & 578

Trend-cum-Surveillance Research Work Policy framing Strategies for Preventive

Measures Declaration of water quality

affected areas

Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network

N

EW

S

up to 300 mgl300 - 600 mgl600 - 900 mgl900 - 1200 mgl1200 - 1500 mgl> 1500 mgl

Scientific Approach Delineation of Elementary

Watersheds – 1505 (Notified), Mini & Micro Watersheds Base for Planning of Artificial

Groundwater Recharge & Watershed Management Basic Unit for Integrated

Planning of both surface & groundwater

Drinking Water Drilled 2.20 lakh borewells for

drinking in Rural area & fitted with Hand Pump/Power Pump Surveyed and Recommended

potential sites for dug wells/ PWS wells Augmentation to Drinking

water sources – Survey

• Institutional strengthening.•Buildings Bhujal Bhavan – 1 Chemical Labs buildings – 4, Chemical Labs - 6•Piezometer Constructed- 1136•For water level monitoring 3920 Obw +1136 Piezometers•For GW quality monitoring Base line Stations Established–3370 Data centers• DDPCs-31,RDPCs-06,SDPC-01, DSC-01•Procured GIS Database•GEMS Software

Hydrology Project – Phase I

Ahmednagar

Solapur

UjaniDam

Pune City

Hydrology Project – Phase II

Vertical Extension

Development of Hydrological Design Aids

Development of Decisions Support System

Implementation for Purpose Driven Studies

Institutional strengthening Consolidation of HP - I activities Awareness raising, Data Dissemination

and Knowledge sharing Implementation support

Community Participation

Community Participation is mandatory for Groundwater Development and Management in the State

Strong IEC Campaigns conducted at Grass Root and Political Functionaries

Dissemination of best practices on water management: issues and technology

Motivated the community to actively participate in the water management process.

Aquifer Based GW Management

Community Driven Demand Management Measures supported by supply side interventions Six Pilots Initiated under

Jalswarajya Stress on Drinking water Security

and Sustainability Decisions in Gramsabhas Planning, Implementation &

Contribution (cash & kind) through Community only

Aquifer Based GW Management

Users’ Centred Aquifer Level GW Management 3 Pilots Initiated under

Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project Groundwater Security and

Sustainability Decisions in Gramsabhas Planning, Implementation &

Contribution (cash & kind) through Community only

Community Driven Activity Implemented in around 900

Villages of the State Village level Water Management

Concept is being Revived Decisions in Gramsabhas in the

Month of Oct Every Year Rainfall, Groundwater Level

Measurement, Crop Water Planning & Implementation by Community

Village Level Watershed Water Account

Water Account of Shivni - 2004

Debit (Cr lits)

Surface storage & Runoff - 184

Soil Moisture - 95 Groundwater - 38 Total - 317

Credit (Cr lits)

Natural Taxü - 121.00

(Evaporation)

Drinking - 1.00 Irrigation - 194.75 Total - 316.75

Actual Rainfall 417 mm X Area 762 ha =

317 Cr Lits

Total Savings – 25 lakh lits

Development and Implementation of Unconventional Measures especially for Strengthening of groundwater based Drinking Water sources

7500 Measures Completed in 5200 Villages

Unconventional Measures are being Unconventional Measures are being decided on the basis of nature of rock. decided on the basis of nature of rock. In broad senseIn broad sense Hard Rock Hard Rock –– Bore Blast TechniqueBore Blast Technique Fractured/Jointed Rock Fractured/Jointed Rock –– Fracture Seal CementationFracture Seal Cementation Moderately Weathered Moderately Weathered –– Stream Blasting, Stream Blasting,

HydrofracturingHydrofracturing

GSDA own Initiatives & Innovations

Strengthening the drinking water source

Unconventional Measures

Jacket Well

Hydrofracturing

Stream Blasting Technique

Fracture Seal Cementation

Initiated 24x7 drinking water Supply in Rural Areas through Dual Pump

Installed of Hand Pump and Power Pump on Existing High Yielding Borewell

Purification System Installed to provide Safe and Potable Drinking Water especially to Schools

Sanitation Pump concept Introduced in the Rural Schools

GSDA own Initiatives & Innovations

Groundwater Security & Sustainability

Government Resolution – 14th Feb 2002

• Implementation of measures for strengthening the drinking water source Conventional And Unconventional measures.

• Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting.

• Storage tank in Hard rock to arrest rainwater

• Based on traditional wisdom and local knowledge innovative measures being taken up based on scientific and technical know-how

ShivkalinShivkalinPaniPani

SathvanSathvanYojanaYojana......

Strengthening of Source

Deepening of well

Check Check DamDam

VillageLake

Desilting

ConventionalStructures

3.Storage tank in Hard rock to arrest rainwater

2 Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting

4.Based on technical wisdom and local knowledge innovative measures being taken up

Completed works under Shivkalin Yojana

1.Percolation Tanks - 46

2. Nala Bunding - 24

3.Cement N.B. - 1530

Completed works under Shivkalin Yojana

1. UGB - 316

2. RWH - 7489

3. Recharge Wells - 925

Completed works under Shivkalin Yojana

1. Hydro fracturing - 239

2. KT Weir - 71

3. Village Tank - 371

Completed works under Shivkalin Yojana

1. UCM - 71

2. Others - 2078

Based on technical wisdom and local knowledge innovating measures to be taken up based on scientific and technical know-how

Babhalgaon Gabian Bandhara, District Latur

Borewell Recharging

Farm-Pond

Vanrai Bandhara

Conversion of Ineffective Percolation Tank by constructing

Borewell-shaft

Impervious Layer

Pervious Layer

Impervious Layer

Pervious Layer

Filter

De-silting of CNB

De-silting of Nala Bund

Preparation of Groundwater Atlas

• GoI Assisted Project under Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Technology Mission

• Preparation of GW Atlas on topo-sheet Scale

• Useful in GW Development and Management

Ground Ground Water Water

prospecprospect Mapt Map

Maharashtra : Issues & Remedial Measures

N

EW

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SateSemi-criticalCriticalOver-exploitedוֻÆüÖ ÃÖß´ÖÖSugar Factory

Over-exploited area vis-a-vis Cash Crops

Categorization

LOOSE BOULDER STRUCTURE

CONTINUOUS CONTOUR TRENCH

Integrated Watershed Development & Artificial Groundwater Recharge

LOOSE BOULDER STRUCTURE

VANARAI BUND

CEMENT BUND

PERCOLATION TANK

FARM POND

Continuous Contour Percolation Trench

DPAP Watershed Development Programme District Osmanabad

(Before Rainfall) (During Rainfall)

After Monsoon(well dry since last 5 years, at present irrigating 2 ha in rabbi)

IEC Campaigns

Achievements

National Water

Award 2007

GROUNDWATER SURVEYS AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (GSDA)BHUJAL BHAVANShivajinagar,PUNE– 411 005.

Vikas Kharage I.A.S.Director

S.B. KhandaleJoint Director

Telephone -020 – 255 13 715, (16, 18)

Fax -020 – 255 33108

E-mail -dirgsda@vsnl.comdirector@mahagsda.org

Web Site -www.gsda.maharashtra.gov.in

Thanks