group 2 slide

7/24/2019 Group 2 Slide

1/24

SAFETY IN PROCESS PLANTS

PRESENTED BY GROUP 2.CHE 522

Supervised by

Prof. k. OB H! GBON.


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APRESENTATION ONSAFETY IN A PROCESS PLANT

GROUP 2

CHE 522

COURSE LECTURER: PROFESSOR OBAHIAGBON KESSINGTON

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN CITY, NIGERIA.


3/24

INTRODUCTION As che !c"# $%&cess 'ech(&)* +ec& es &%e c& $#e , Che !c"#

E()!(ee%s -!## (ee " &%e e'"!#e "( /0( " e('"# 0( e%s'"( !()&/ s"/e'* /&% " $%&$e% h"( #!() &/ " che !c"# $%&cess. The )%&-'h &/ "(!( 0s'%* !s '&'"##* e$e( e(' &( 'ech(&)!c"# " 1"(ces. Th!s !sesse('!"##* '%0e !( 'he che !c"# !( 0s'%*, -h!ch !s e('e%!() "( E%" &/&%e c& $#e $%&cesses: H!)he% $%ess0%e, &%e %e"c'!1e che !c"#s,"( E &'!c che !s'%*. M&%e c& $#e $%&cesses %e 0!%e &%e c& $#es"/e'* 'ech(&)*. M"(* !( 0s'%!"#!s's e1e( +e#!e1e 'h"' 'hee1e#&$ e(' "( "$$#!c"'!&( &/ s"/e'* 'ech(&)* !s "c'0"##* "c&(s'%"!(' &( 'he )%&-'h &/ 'he che !c"# !( 0s'%*. E " $#es &/ S"/e'*'ech(&)* !(c#0 e:

H* %& *(" !c & e#s %e$%ese('!() '-& 3 $h"se 4&- 'h%&0)h " 1esse#%e#!e/

D!s$e%s!&( & e#s %e$%ese('!() 'he s$%e" &/ '& !c 1"$&0% 'h%&0)h "$#"(' "/'e% " %e#e"se

M"'he "'!c"# 'ech(! 0es '& e'e% !(e 'he 1"%!&0s -"*s 'h"'$%&cesses c"( /"!# "( 'he $%&+"+!#!'* &/ /"!#0%e.


4/24

S"/e'* !( " che !c"# $%&cess !s "( "c' &/ $%e1e('!() %es,e $#&s!&(s "( "cc! e('"# che !c"# %e#e"ses !( $%&cess/"c!#!'!es &% &'he% /"c!#!'!es s0ch "s %e (e%!es, "( &!# "()"s 6&(sh&%e "( &7sh&%e8 $%& 0c'!&( !(s'"##"'!&(s. P%&cesss"/e'* !(1es 'he $%e1e('!&( &/ #e"9s, s$!##s, e 0!$ e('"#/0(c'!&(, &1e% 3 $%ess0%es, &1e% 3 'e $e%"'0%es,c&%%&s!&(, e'"# /"'!)0e "( &'he% s! !#"% c&( !'!&(s.Che !c"# $#"('s c&('"!( " #"%)e 1"%!e'* &/ h" "% s. The%e"%e ech"(!c"# h" "% s 'h"' c"0se -&%9e% !(;0%!es /%&'%!$$!(), /"##!(), &% &1!() e 0!$ e('. The%e "%e "#s&che !c"# h" "% s -h!ch !(c#0 e %e "( e $#&s!&( h" "% s,

%e"c'!1!'* h" "% s, "( '& !c h" "% s.


5/24

THE NEED "OR S "ETY PROGR #!N CHE#!C $ PROCESS P$ NT

As che !c"# 'ech(&)* +ec& e &%e c& $#e , che !c"#e()!(ee%s -!## (ee &%e e'"!#e "( /0( " e('"#0( e%s'"( !() &/ s"/e'* $%&)%" .

Th!s !s &(e '& "ch!e1e 'he /#&-!()

Rec&% -h"' (ee s '& +e &(e

T& & -h"' (ee s '& +e &(e

T& %ec&% 'h"' 'he %e 0!%e '"s9 "%e &(e

Re 0!%e e('s /&% " s0ccess/0# s"/e'* c&( !'!&(s !( " $%&cess$#"(' +* e $#&*ees

P&s!'!1e "''!'0 e '& 'he s"/e'* $%&)%"

U( e%s'"( !() 'he 0se &/ /0( " e('"# s"/e'* !( 'he es!)(,c&(s'%0c'!&( "( &$e%"'!&( &/ 'he $#"('.

Le"%(!() /%& h!s'&%* &/ $%e1!&0s "cc! e('s

See9!() " 1!ce /%& s0$e%!&%s "( e $e%'s +e/&%e c"%%*!() &0'&$e%"'!&(s.


6/24

S "ETY STEPS T %EN !N PROCESS P$ NT

These s'e$s "%e !1! e !('& < ";&% c"'e)&%!es -h!ch "%e:

=. P#"((!() /&% "( e e%)e(c*

2. 0%!() "( e e%)e(c*


7/24

DUR!NG E#ERGENCY

Sh0' &7 he"'!() "( c&!() s*s'e s "( /"(s'h"' %"- !( "!% /%& &0's! eSh0' "( #&&9 &&%s "( -!( &-s

T0%( &( %" !& /&% !(/&% "'!&(

S'"* &7 'he $h&(e?!' sh&0# +e 0se /&%e e%)e(c* c"##s &(#*.Be $%e$"%e '& e1"c0"'e !/ &% e%e '& & s& +*'he e e%)e(c* $e%s&((e#

"TER N E#ERGENCY

O$e( &&%s "( -!( &-s T0%( &( *&0% he"#'h* c&!() s*s'e '& 1e('!#"'e$#"ce

G& &0's! e


8/24

TYPES OF SAFETY I' !s ! $&%'"(' '& !s'!()0!sh +e'-ee( $%& 0c's 'h"' ee' s'"( "% s 'h"' "%e s"/e

"( 'h&se 'h"' e%e#* /ee# s"/e. The h!)h-"* c& 0(!'* 0ses 'hese 'e% s:

Nor&'(ive S'fe(y : The N&% "'!1e s"/e'* !s "ch!e1e -he( " $%& 0c' &% es!)(ee's "$$#!c"+#e s'"( "% s "( $%"c'!ces /&% es!)( "( c&(s'%0c'!&( &%"(0/"c'0%e, %e)"% #ess &/ 'he $%& 0c' s "c'0"# s"/e'* h!s'&%*.

Subs(')(ive S'fe(y : S0+s'"('!1e &% &+;ec'!1e s"/e'* &cc0%s -he( 'he %e"# 3-&%# s"/e'* h!s'&%* !s /"1&0%"+#e, -he'he% &% (&' s'"( "% s "%e e'.

Per*eived S'fe(y : Pe%ce!1e &% S0+;ec'!1e s"/e'* %e/e%s '& 'he 0se% s #e1e# &/%!s9, -!'h&0' c&(s! e%"'!&( &/ s'"( "% s &% s"/e'* h!s'&%*.

Se*uri(y : Th!s !s "#s& c"##e s&c!"# &% $0+#!c s"/e'* "( !' " %esses 'he %!s9 &/h"% 0e '& !('e('!&("# c%! !("# "c's s0ch "s "ss"0#', +0%)#"%* &% 1"( "#!s .

OTHERS INCLUDE:

Pro*ess s'fe(y+ Th!s h"s '& & -!'h 'he $%e1e('!&( &/ "()e%s s0ch %es,

e $#&s!&(s, "( 'he "cc! e('"# che !c"# %e#e"ses !( " che !c"# $%&cess /"c!#!'!esO**up'(io)', ')d -e',(- S'fe(y+ These "%e c& &(#* %e/e%%e '& "s&cc0$"'!&("# he"#'h "( s"/e'*. I' !s "( "%e" c&(ce%(e -!'h 'he s"/e'*, he"#'h"( -e#/"%e &/ $e&$#e e()")e !( -&%9 &% e $#&* e('.

E) i)eeri) S'fe(y+ Th!s "ss0%es 'h"' " #!/e 3 c%!'!c"# s*s'e +eh"1es "s(ee e , e1e( -he( c& $&(e('s /"!#. The $%! "%* )&"# &/ s"/e'* e()!(ee%!() !s '&

"(")e %!s9, e#! !("'!() &% %e 0c!() !' '& "cce$'"+#e #e1e#s.


9/24

" !$URE !N PROCESS

P$ NT The /"!#0%e &/ !( 0s'%!"# $#"(' "( e 0!$ e(' c"( h"1e se%!&0s

c&(se 0e(ces. Th!s e ce##e(' )0! e !(1es'!)"'es c& &( c"0ses &/!( 0s'%!"# $#"(' /"!#0%e. Th!s 'ech(!c"# )0! e, &%!)!("##* e1e#&$e +*'he UK s He"#'h "( S"/e'* D!%ec'&%"'e c&1e%s 'he 1"%!&0s c"0ses &/!( 0s'%!"# $#"(' /"!#0%e.

/. CORROS!ON+ C&%%&s!&( !s c"0se +* e#ec'%&che !c"# $%&cess !(-h!ch " e'"# %e"c's -!'h !'s e(1!%&( e(' '& /&% "( & ! e &%c& $&0( +* 'he /&% "'!&( &/ ce##s c& $%!s!() "( "(& e 6'hee'e%!&%"'!&( e'"#8, " c"'h& e 6" ;"ce(' e'"#8 "( " c&( 0c'!()s'!&( 6"c! s"#'s8. I' c"( &cc0% +&'h !('e%("##* "( e 'e%("##* '&$!$e#!(es, 1esse#s, $#"('s, "ch!(e%*, s'%0c'0%es "( s0$$&%'s.

2. # TER! $ SE$ECT!ON

The "'e%!"#s se#ec'!&( $h!#&s&$h* "s$ec' &/ 'he es!)( $h"se &/ "##$#"(' "( s'%0c'0%es sh&0# '"9e !('& c&(s! e%"'!&( 'he "('!c!$"'ec&( !'!&(s 6$%ess0%es, 'e $e%"'0%e "( "' &s$he%e8 "( 'he c&('e('&/ 'he s*s'e !( &% e% '& e!'he% !(! ! e c&%%&s!&( &% '& "9e" e 0"'e "##&-"(ces /&% !' !( 'he /&% &/ " !'!&("# "'e%!"#'h!c9(esses.


10/24

0. HU# N ERROR : O(e !( 1e e%%&%s c"0se +*e 0!$ e(' /"!#0%es !( 'he che !c"# $%&cess !( 0s'%!es"%e 'he %es0#' &/ h0 "( "( &%)"(! "'!&("# e%%&%s

%ese"%ch $%&;ec'. The s'0 * "#s& ! e('! e 'he e 0!$ e(' &s' #!9e#* '& /"!#

"( c"0se "cc! e('s. P!$!() s*s'e s 625 8, %e"c'&%6= 8, s'&%")e '"(9s 6= 8, $%&cess 1esse#s 6= 8 "(he"' '%"(s/e% e 0!$ e(' 6 8 "cc&0('e /&% '-& 'h!% s&/ "cc! e('s c"0se +* e 0!$ e(' /"!#0%es.

O'he%s c"0ses &/ !( 0s'%!"# $#"(' /"!#0%e !(c#0 eE%&s!&(

E 'e%("# #&" !()

I $"c'

P%ess0%e

Te $e%"'0%e

V!+%"'!&(

%&() e 0!$ e('

De/ec'!1e e 0!$ e('


11/24

CAUSES OF PROCESS PLANT ACCIDENTS

A( "cc! e(' !s "( 0($#"((e , 0(e $ec'e "( 0( es!)(e e1e(' -h!ch&cc0%s s0 e(#* "( c"0ses

I(;0%* &% #&ss

A ec%e"se !( 1"#0e &/ 'he %es&0%ces, &%

A( !(c%e"se !( #!"+!#!'!es

The%e "%e "!( c"0ses &/ "cc! e('s !( " che !c"# $#"(': h0 "( e%%&%,! $%&$e% '%"!(!(), "(0/"c'0%!() e/ec's, "( ! $%&$e% "!('e("(ce.

Hu&') Error

A ";&%!'* &/ 'he !( 0s'%!"# "cc! e('s 'h"' &cc0% e1e%* *e"% "%e " %es0#' &/h0 "( e%%&%. M"(* &/ 'hese "cc! e('s "%e " %es0#' &/ 'he -&%9e% /"!#!() '&/#&- 'he s"/e'* $%&ce 0%es 'h"' h"1e +ee( $0' !('& $#"ce +* 'hec& $"(* -he%e he &% she -&%9s.he( 'he $%&$e% e 0!$ e(' !s (&' 0se +* $e%s&((e#, "cc! e('s c"(&cc0%. M"(* !(;0%!es h"$$e( -he( $e%s&((e# "''e $' '& 0se ! $%&$e%'&s '& -&%9 &( e 0!$ e('.

!&proper Tr'i)i)

he( $e%s&((e# "%e (&' '%"!(e $%&$e%#* &% " e 0"'e#*, !( 0s'%!"#"cc! e('s "%e &%e #!9e#* '& &cc0%. &%9e%s sh&0# +e '"0)h' h&- '&&$e%"'e 'he e 0!$ e(' !( 'he -"* !' -"s es!)(e '& +e 0se . The*

sh&0# "#s& #e"%( '& e $#&* c&%%ec' s"/e'* $%&ce 0%es -he( 'he* "%e&$e%"'!() 'he e 0!$ e('.


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#')uf'*(uri) Defe*(s

Acc! e('s 'h"' &cc0% !( " che !c"# $#"(' c"( "#s& +e 'he %es0#' &/ " "(0/"c'0%!()e/ec'. These e/ec's c"( +e $%ese(' !( " $!ece &/ e 0!$ e(' &% !( 'he "'e%!"#s 0se .A#'h&0)h c& $"(!es e $#&* se1e%"# 0"#!'*?c&('% e"s0%es 0%!() 'he"(0/"c'0%!() $%&cess, s& e &/ 'hese "* /"!#. Th!s !s +ec"0se "(* &/ 'hese c&('%e"s0%es "%e h"( #e +* e $#&*ees. A( !(s$ec'&% "* !ss " e/ec' 'h"' &cc0%%e0%!() "(0/"c'0%!(). The $%&+#e "* (&' +e %ec&)(! e 0('!# "/'e% "( "cc! e(' h"s&cc0%%e .

!&proper #'i)(e)')*e

A c& &( %e"s&( 'h"' !( 0s'%!"# "cc! e('s &cc0% !( che !c"# $#"('s !s 'he ! $%&$e%"!('e("(ce &/ e 0!$ e('. Re)0#"% "!('e("(ce "' sche 0#e !('e%1"#s /#&-!() 'he"(0/"c'0%e% s %ec& e( "'!&(s !s ! $&%'"(' /&% e(s0%!() 'h"' 'he e 0!$ e(' %0(ss &&'h#* "( s"/e#*. he( " $!ece &/ e 0!$ e(' !s (&' $%&$e%#* "!('"!(e , !' c"("#/0(c'!&( "( 0#'! "'e#* /"!#. Th!s c"( %es0#' !( !%e c&(se 0e(ces '& 'he $e%s&((e#-h& "%e &$e%"'!() "( -&%9!() "%&0( 'he "ch!(e.

The c"0ses &/ "cc! e('s c"( "#s& +e +%&9e( &-( !('& 0(s"/e c&( !'!&(s "( 0(s"/e"c's

U(s"/e c&( !'!&(s "%e h" "% &0s c&( !'!&(s &% c!%c0 s'"(ces 'h"' c&0# #e"!%ec'#* '& "( "cc! e('.

U(s"/e "c's &cc0%s -he( " -&%9e% !)(&%es &% !s (&' "-"%e &/ " s'"( "% &$e%"'!()$%&ce 0%e &% s"/e -&%9 $%"c'!ce es!)(e '& $%&'ec' 'he -&%9e% "( $%e1e(' "cc! e('s.

U)s'fe '*(s U)s'fe *o)di(io)sOper'(i) e1uip&e)( or &'*-i)eryi(-ou( per&issio)

L"c9 &/ )0"% !() &/ "ch!(e%*

Usi) defe*(ive e1uip&e)( C%&- !() -&%9e%s !('& &(e "%e"Usi) (-e ro) (oo, for (-e 3ob I(" e 0"'e "#"% s*s'e sNo( usi) perso)', pro(e*(ive e1uip&e)( F!%es "( e $#&s!&(4orki) -i,e i)(o i*'(ed H" "% &0s "' &s$he%es

Horsep,'y I(" e 0"'e #!)h'!()


13/24

S& e e " $#es &/ %e#"'e $%&cess "cc! e('s !(1es'!)"'e +*EPA OSHA !(c#0 e,

E p,osio) i) s-e,, o,e6)s produ*(io) u)i(

She## che !c"# c& $"(*, Dee% P"%9, T , J0(e 22 = , " #"%)ee $#&s!&( "( %e &cc0%%e !( "( e (s $%& 0c'!&( 0(!'. Sh"/' +#&-3&0' &/ " $(e0 "'!c"##* "ss!s'e chec9 1"#1e %es0#'e !( 'he %e#e"se &/#"%)e 0"('!'!es &/ 4" "+#e h* %&c"%+&( )"s !('& " c&()es'e "%e".A 1"$&0% c#&0 e $#&s!&( %es0#'e , -h!ch -"s /e#' = !#es "-"*. M";&%$#"(' " ")e &cc0%%e . O(e e $#&*ee -"s h&s$!'"#! e , "( se1e%"#&'he%s %ece!1e !(&% !(;0%!es. Ne"%+* %es! e(' "%e"s s07e%e !(&%+#"s' " ")e. H!)h-"*s -es' "( s&0'h &/ 'he $#"(' -e%e c#&se /&%'h%ee h&0%s

Hydro*-,ori* '*id spi,,

S0%$"ss che !c"# c& $"(*, A#+"(*, NY, A$%!# , = " s'&%")e '"(9/"!#e c"0s!() " #"%)e s$!## &/ h* %&ch#&%!c "c! 6HCL8. The '"(9 -"s&1e% $%ess0%! e 0%!() " ##!() &$e%"'!&(. A h* %&ch#&%!c "c! c#&0%!/'e &7s!'e, "( s$!##e #! 0! e('e%e 'he c!'* s'&% se-e%. A( !(he%e('#* s"/e% es!)( !s &(e 'h"' "1&! sh" "% s !(s'e" &/ c&('%#!() 'he , $"%'!c0#"%#* +*%e 0c!() 'he " &0(' &/ h" "% &0s "'e%!"# "('he (0 +e% &/ h" "% &0s &$e%"'!&(s !( 'he $#"('.@
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_industrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_industrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_industry


15/24

Pri)*ip,es#i)i&i7e+ Re 0c!() 'he " &0(' &/ h" "% &0s "'e%!"# $%ese(' "' "(*'! e. Use s "##e% 0"('!'!es &/ h" "% &0s "'e%!"#s -he( 'he 0se &/s0ch "'e%!"#s c"((&' +e "1&! e ?"#s& c"##e !('e(s! c"'!&(. Pe%/&% "h" "% &0s $%&ce 0%e "s /e- '! es "s $&ss!+#e -he( 'he $%&ce 0%e !s0("1&! "+#e

Subs(i(u(e : Re$#"ce " s0+s'"(ce -!'h " #ess h" "% &0s "'e%!"# &%$%&cess!() %&0'e -!'h &(e 'h"' &es (&' !(1e h" "% &0s "'e%!"#. e.).

c#e"(!() -!'h -"'e% "( e'e%)e(' %"'he% 'h"( " 4" "+#e se('#oder'(e : Re 0c!() 'he s'%e()'h &/ "( e7ec', e.). 0s!() "'e%!"# !( "!#0'e %"'he% 'h"( c&(ce('%"'e /&% . Use h" "% &0s "'e%!"#s !( 'he!%#e"s' h" "% &0s /&% s &% ! e('!/* $%&cess!() &$'!&(s 'h"' !(1e #essse1e%e $%&cess!() c&( !'!&(s ?"#s& c"##e "''e(0"'!&( &% #! !'"'!&( &/e7ec's

Si&p,ify : Des!)(!() &0' $%&+#e s %"'he% 'h"( " !() " !'!&("#e 0!$ e(' &% /e"'0%es '& e"# -!'h 'he . Des!)( $%&cesses, $%&cess!()e 0!$ e(' "( $%&ce 0%es '& e#! !("'e &$$&%'0(!'!es /&% e%%&%s. Lesse 0!$ e(' &/ "(* 9!( e"(s 'h"' 'he%e !s #ess '& )& -%&().


16/24

T-& /0%'he% $%!(c!$#es "%e 0se +* s& e:Error To,er')*e : E 0!$ e(' "( $%&cesses c"( +e es!)(e '& +ec"$"+#e &/ -!'hs'"( !() $&ss!+#e /"0#'s. A 1e%* s! $#e e " $#e !s "9!()$!$!() "( ;&!('s c"$"+#e &/ -!'hs'"( !() 'he " ! 0 $&ss!+#e$%ess0%e !/ &0'#e's "%e c#&se .

$i&i( E8e*(s : Des!)(!() "( #&c"'!() e 0!$ e(' s& 'h"' 'he -&%s'$&ss!+#e c&( !'!&( )!1es #ess "()e%.

I( 'e% s &/ "9!() $#"('s &%e 0se%?/%!e( #* K#e' "#s&" e 'he /#&-!()

M"9!() I(c&%%ec' Asse +#* I $&ss!+#e

E"se &/ C&('%.


17/24

SAFETY MEASURES AND SAFETYSTEPS IN PROCESS PLANTS

he( -&%9!() !( I( 0s'%!es 'he e $#&*ees "(-&%9e%s "%e s0+;ec'e '& !7e%e(' '*$es &/h" "% s.

A( !( 0s'%!"# h" "% c"( +e e (e "s "s!'0"'!&( -h!ch "%!ses !( !( 0s'%!es e!'he%("'0%"##* &% "(? " e -h!ch "* c"0se !(;0%*,#&ss &/ $%&$e%'* &% $%& 0c' &% e1e( e"'h.

S"/e'* %e/e%s '& /%ee & /%& "(* %!s9, #&ss &%!(;0%*.


18/24

The s"/e'* !( $%&cess $#"('s -!## c&(s! e% -!'h %e)"% s'& 'he 'h%ee ";&% '*$es &/ h" "% s (" e#* Che !c"# H" "% s Ph*s!c"# H" "% s B!&)!c"# H" "% s

Che !c"# h" "% s "* +e c"0se -he( che !c"#%e"c'!&(s )e' &0' &/ c&('%. Th!s c"( +e "''%!+0'e 0e'& se1e%"# %e"s&(s.

O1e% e $&s0%e '& h"%sh che !c"#s

D0s' e $#&s!&( c"0se 0e '& " %"$! c& +0s'!&( &/" 0s' c#&0 .


19/24

S'fe(y #e'sures (o *o)(ro,C-e&i*', H'7'rds

Re &1"# /%& &1e% e $&s0%e: Re &1"# &/$e%s&(s /%& 'he &1e%e $&s0%e s!'e "( 'he$%&1!s!&( &/ "( "'&%* %s' "! '%e"' e('

!(c#0 es $%&1!s!&( &/ "!% %es$!%"'&%s "( &'he%#!/e#!(es.

Dec&('" !("'!&(: P%& $' %e &1"# &/ 'he)"% e('s "( sh&es &/ " 1!c'! -h&se s9!( &%c#&'h!() h"s +ee( c&('" !("'e .

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22/24

S'fe(y #e'sures (o

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THANK YOU

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