The Role Of L2 Input In Second Language

Acquisition / Learning

Group 4: Phun Bandith Lecturer: Meas Sopheak

Nguon Neardey Subject : AL401

Institute of Foreign Languages, Department of English

Class: E4.5, 2010-2011

Content• By Bandith:

- What is L2 input ?- Type of input- Input for students- How target learners get L2 input?

• By Neardey:- Input hypothesis- Input for teacher- What teacher should do?

What Is L2 Input?• Input is defined as “the linguistic forms

(morphemes, words, utterances)—the streams of speech in the air—directed at the non-native speaker” (Long, 1983, p.127)

• Individual hears or receives and from which he or she can learn. (Richards J. C. & Schmidt R. 2002):

• Target language spoken by the teacher which is heard by the learners (Gass, 1997)

Type of Input• Conscious and unconscious (Wang, 2010)• Three forms of input: written, verbal and

non-linguistic • Output of teacher is input for students• Output of students is input for teacher• Interaction another type of input

Input for Students

• Tool to improve their language learning• Boosting their learning process• Independence learners• Interact with partner• Improve social communication

How target learners get ‘L2 Input’

– At school:• Lectures• Presentations• Discussion• Reading and listening materials…

– Outside classroom:• Mass media (Radio, Television…)• Native speaker…• Distance learning program

Input Hypothesis• “Human acquires language in only way – by

understanding messages, or by receiving comprehensible input.” (Krashen,1985)

• Comprehensible input (i+1): input that slightly above the learner’s competence (Krashen,1985)

• Learners improve and progress along the ‘the natural order’ when they receive L2 comprehensible input

Input for Teacher

• Tool to improve students’ knowledge• Transfer to students as input for student• Output from students enable teacher to know

about his/her students (level, understanding)

What teacher should do?

• Providing opportunities for students to talk• Simplification of Language: Rough-tune• Language modification

What teacher should do? (con’t)

• Teacher’s input should be:- Comprehensible - Interesting- Sufficient quantity- Authentic

References• Gass, S. (1997). Input, interaction and the second language learner. Mahwah , NJ:

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. • Krashen, S. D. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications. New York:

Longman.• Mitchell, R. & Myles, F. (2004). Second language theories (2nd ed.). London, Great

Britain: Hodder Arnold.• Richards, J. C. & Schmidt, R. (2002). Longman dictionary of language teaching and

applied linguistics. Harlow: Pearson Education.• Wang, X. (2010, May). Features of input of second language acquisition. Journal of

Language Teaching and Research, 1(3), 282-284.• Xu, F. (2010). The Role of Input and Interaction in Second Language Acquisition.

Journal of Cross-Cultural Communication, 6(1), 11-17.

THANK FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Qs & As