group 69 engineering team project (etp) proposal

7/23/2019 Group 69 Engineering Team Project (ETP) Proposal

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ENGINEERING TEAM PROJECT (MCB 3053)

PROPOSAL

GROUP 69

PROJECT: POROUS ASPHALT OVERFLOW

PREVENTION SYSTEM

Supervisor : DR. HASSAN SOLEIMANI

Team Leader : GAN YVONNE (PE) 18121

Members :

MUHAMMAD ARIF BIN NASRUDIN(ME) 18173

MUHAMMAD AIMAN NAIM BIN AHMAD SUKRI(CHE) 18509

HAIZER BIN KHAIZY(CV) 18371

NORSAFWAN BIN NORDIN(CHE) 18337

SEPTEMBER 2015

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS

32610 BANDAR SERI ISKANDAR, PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN, MALAYSIA


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Abstract 2

2.0 Problem Statement 3

3.0 Project Objectives 4

4.0 Background Study 5

5.0 Design Approach / Methodology

5.1 Procedures 6-8

5.2 Plan and Schematic Flow Process of the Project 9

5.3 Hardware / Tools and Software 10

6.0 Project Management

6.1 Task Allocation and Activities 11

6.2 Schedule / Gantt Chart 12-13

7.0 References 14


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1.0 ABSTRACT

Floods in Malaysia are usual natural disasters which strike almost every year during the

monsoon season between October and February due to seasonal storms. This causes damages to

the public infrastructure, roads and bridges and may even lead to injuries and sacrifice in lives.

This eventually costs the state government billions of ringgit to remedial the aftermath of flood.

On the other hand, water withdrawal on our "Blue Planet" is increasing annually due to

advancement in technology and growing population. Water is a crucial resource for survival of

mankind. So, we explore this issue by finding solutions for both problems and combining them to

achieve a win-win situation. The project is kicked-off by researching and discussing ways to

improve the drainage system by improving conventional tar roads which repel water. Through

investigation, we have discover a permeable pavement technology which can soak up flood waters

during regular downpours which is Porous Asphalt Technology. The absorbed water will go

through filtration treatment process which then can be used for domestic purposes. Looking at a

larger scale, we believed that this project will solve the flood issue and the demand of water

resources.


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2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Water covers about 70% of Earth while the other 30% consists of land. It shows that water

is very important in our life but it has its limit. The shortage or excess of water demand can cause

many problems to the nature. Floods, low percentage of clean water supply and road accidents are

some examples of those problems.

First and foremost, the major natural disaster that is related to water is flood. Floods are

caused by the overflow of water when there is poor drainage system or piping system. In addition,

clogging of the water system are also one of the main causes of flooding which usually happen in

Malaysia due to some irresponsible parties. Besides that, monsoon season in October to March is

a worrying issue that affects the East Coast states like Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang with the

highest possibility of flood each year.

Secondly, the problem that occurs in our country is low percentage of clean water supply.

Scientifically, all living creatures need a certain amount of water for life. Human beings need a

minimum of 8 glasses which equal to approximately 1.9 litre of clean water for a healthy diet.

Apart from that, plants need water for photosynthesis to release oxygen into the atmosphere.

However when flood occurs, the amount of clean water will drop abruptly. This will affect the

lifestyle of all living creatures as they will have difficulty due to the contamination of water.

Last but not least, road accidents increases exponentially during rainy seasons. The rain will

create puddles on the road and vehicles would experience hydroplaning where the tyres lost contact with

the road when the water causes a tyre to lift up off the ground slightly. Thus, water puddles will affect

the cars control and cause road accidents in Malaysia.


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3.0 PROBLEM OBJECTIVES

1. To minimize the causes of flooding that happens in Malaysia by improving the drainage

system.

2. To improve the water intake system for the sources of treated water supply to increase the

production amounts of clean water for domestic and industrial uses.

3. To prevent the increment of road accidents by deter the formation of water puddles on

roads especially at highway.

4.0 BACKGROUND STUDY

The idea of having high porosity of asphalt pavements have been established in the 1970s,

by a group of researchers at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, as an alternative to impervious

surfaces such as pavements and roofs that create overflow which washed away dirt and debris into

waterways and streams. This innovation alters the standard bituminous asphalt to a group of

reduced and screened aggregate fines, particles approximately smaller than 600 , which

surprisingly allows water to pass through it. It is stated that the void space of porous asphalt is

approximately 16%, if compared to conventional asphalt.

The concept is simple. The water from rains or storms are guided to drain slowly through

the porous asphalt and into the stone bed, which finally infiltrates gradually into the soil. A porous

pavement is well explained as one that simply letting water to trench through the pavement

structure. The technology is actually well suited to be implant at the parking lot areas, alongside

its ability to provide a cost-effective and attractive parking lots, with a longer life span and

simultaneously offer storm water management systems that stimulate infiltration and enhance

water quality. Moreover, studies shown that the porous paving systems could help in confiscating


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undissolved nutrients from runoff for about range of 65% to 85% and also up to 95% of sediment

enclosed in runoff.

The asphalt has been used on the highways in the United States for decades, acting as a

friction course to reduce spray, skidding and noise. As stated in the website of National Asphalt

Pavement Association (NAPA) United States, the special features in the porous asphalt make it

more expensive than conventional construction. However, it comes to a point where these costs

are affordable than the costs to eliminate abundance of elements of standard storm-water

management systems, granting porous asphalt pavement as the less-expensive option. Most of the

present studies mainly focus on the advancement of this compound, yet very few realize that the

system should be further prolong in order to escalate the breadth of its advantages to the fullest.

Therefore, our project basically affirms on an extension of the current system that utilize

collected drained water from the porous asphalt pavement, to be rehash for domestic purpose, after

going through several water treatment process. Further reference have been made from numerous

studies and it is believed that this project is adequate to upsurge benefits and benedictions towards

mankind.


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5.0 DESIGN APPROACH/METHODOLOGY

Diagram 5.0: A schematic diagram showing how the concept works.

5.1 PROCEDURES

During the monsoon season in Malaysia, some states in the East Coast will face heavy

flood which impact the people and the structural integrity of the affected area which may be caused

by bad drainage system that overflows and thus accumulates rainwater on the road and soil. To

prevent from the drain to overflow and at the same time reducing slippery roads, we came up with

a concept called Porous Asphalt Overflow Prevention System (PAOPS) to increase the water

intake into the drainage system which significantly reduces the accumulated water on the road.

Furthermore, clean water is hard to obtain during flood and by having this concept, water collected


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from the drainage system will be treated thus increases the percentage of clean water for domestic

use.

This concept is designed to let the water to be absorbed directly from the surface of the

road made of porous asphalt. The layers needed for the road are 4 inches thick of porous asphalt

followed by another layer of 4 inches deep of fine gravel in order to smoothen the surface of the

big gravel layer of about 4 inches thick above the soil. The water will flow into the spaces in

between the porous compound and passes through the layers of fine and big gravel.

The big gravel has another fundamental function which is to act as a strong foundation to

build the road. This will help to make the road more compact and will not easy to fracture when

there is heavy load being applied. In the interest of improving the current road and drainage system,

a steel wire mesh will be placed which acts as a barrier between the big gravel and the drains. A

similar concept can be seen on gabion wall which is a retaining wall made of stacked stones and

tied with wire. Water which passes through the space between the gravels will flow into the drains

and proceed to the storage tank before being treated.

By using the additional volume of water collected, we can increase the percentage of clean

water after undergoing the treatment process. The process will need to pass through mixing,

coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection process. After all the necessary

treatment process has been done, the water can then be used for the public.

The first step of the water treatment is the mixing process. Source water stored in the

storage area always contain unwanted organic materials such as fine slits and clay therefore once

it arrives at the plant, the pH is controlled and water is rapidly mixed with aluminium sulphate

(alum) and coagulant aids (polymers) to the rapid mix basin where they are mixed at a fast rate

during coagulation process. It is just to ensure an instantaneous and evenly distributed mix


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throughout the chamber so that all parts of the water will be equally treated as it will assist the

impurities to stick together to form larger particles called floc.

The next step is the sedimentation process which is to ease the removal of floc. At the

sedimentation basins, water will flow slowly in order to let the big and heavier particles to settle

down to the bottom of the basin. In order to remove the particles, water will need to flow through

a filter which consists of layers of sand and gravel and followed with crushed anthracite. By having

the suspended impurities collected, it will improve the effectiveness of the disinfection process.

Filters would need to be washed routinely and this process is called backwashing.

Finally, before the water enters the distribution system, it will need to be disinfected to

make sure that any disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and parasites are destroyed. A reactive

chemical like chlorine is used to maintain the residual concentration as it will guard against

possible biological contamination in the water system. The water can now be stored in a tank and

distributed in a domestic area.


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5.2 PLAN AND SCHEMATIC FLOW PROCESS OF THE PROJECT

Start A

First Meeting and Ice Breaking

Session

Design Specification

Topic Selection by Group Members

Based On Themes Given

Prototype Fabrication

Define Objectives and Problem

Statement

Prototype

Model Work

Successfully?

Discussion on the Working Model

for the ConceptPresentation and Exhibition

Select the name of the concept Final Report

Topic Approved

by Supervisor

and Coordinator?

End

A

NO

YES

NO

YES


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5.3 HARDWARE/TOOLS AND SOFTWARE

No Name Description Estimated Cost (RM)

1 Cellophane Tape To join the plastic tubes 3

2 Fine & Coarse

Gravel

To make the layers for the road model

-

3 Nails & Screws To join the wood and Perspex 3

4 Perspex Used in the building of the model container 25

5 Plastic Container Store water to simulate flood action 5

6 Plastic Tube Acts as the drainage system 4

7 Plasticine To make soft joints between surfaces 2

8 Plywood Used in the building of the model container 50

9 PVC pipe Acts as the drainage system 25

10 Soil Acts as the earth soil for the road model -

11 Styrofoam Acts as the porous asphalt 512 Syringe To produce water pressure 10

13 Toothpick To connect solid materials for the model 1

14 Tube valve To prevent water from counter-flow 2

15 Wire mesh The metal net that separates big gravel layer

and the drain5

Wood Used in the building of the model container 50

ESTIMATED TOTAL 190

Table 5.1 List of Hardware

No Name Description

1 Hand Tools To build the model container

2 Electric Drill To create holes for the screws

3 Hot Glue Gun To fill any gaps and prevent water leakage

Table 5.2 List of Tools

No Name Description

1 AutoCAD Used for drawing of model in 2D and 3D

2 Microsoft Office Used for documentation, poster designing, data analysis

Table 5.3 List of Software Used


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6.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

6.1 TASK ALLOCATION AND ACTIVITIES

Project DirectorGAN YVONNE (PE)

Plans and manages weekly meetings.

Monitors the progress of project.

Designates tasks and coordinates all

departments.

In charge in direct communication

with supervisor. Leads the research activities.

Assistant Project Director

MUHAMMAD ARIF BIN NASRUDIN (ME)

Assists project director in planning

weekly agenda.

Guides the development of project.

Responsible in conducting research inmechanical part of the project.

Design the layout and analysis of

prototype.

Supervisor

DR. HASSAN SOLEIMANI

Secretary

MUHAMMAD AIMAN NAIM BIN AHMAD

SUKRI (CHE)

Keeps record of all group activities.

Writes the minutes of meetings.

Records data and any errors in experiment

Applies the knowledge of Chemical

Engineering on the prototype.

Treasurer

HAIZER BIN KHAIZY (CV)

Manages the project account flow andsettlement of project claim.

Estimates the project budget and makesure the prototype is within the budget.

Prototype designing and construction.

Provides support in Civil Engineeringfield and beyond.

Research and Development

NORSAFWAN BIN NORDIN (CHE)

Leads the research activities andanalyses the strength of materials used.

Ensures research is in accordance withproject flow.

Deals with composition in chemicals ofmaterials used.

Administers logistics for the project.


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6.2 SCHEDULE / GANTT CHART

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Seminar I (ETP briefing) 23/9

Seminar II 30/9

Group organization andbrainstorming

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Research on topic

Consult supervisor 5/10

Data collection for proposal

Seminar III 7/10

Draft proposal submission 9/10

Finalize proposal

Proposal submission 13/10

Lab safety briefing 14/10

Seminar IV 21/10

Work on progress report

Design solution

Cost analysis

Fabrication of prototype

Purchase tools and materials

Construct prototype

Progress report due 4/11

Submission of Form 03 11/11Prototype testing

Poster designing

Consult supervisor

Final check on prototype

Evaluation of Fabrication 25/11

Poster & Product Demo &

Presentation assessment(PRESEDEX)

3/12

SEDEX 9/12


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Submission of claim breakdownform & receipts

16/12

Submission of peer evaluationform

23/12

Submission of final report 23/12


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7.0 REFERENCES

Fenstepnuss. (2009, August 2). Retrieved October 7, 2015, from

http://varstepdy.blogspot.my/2009/08/demografic-of-malaysian-traffic.html

Quirky Questions: Do I really need to drink 8 glasses of water a day? (2015, June 19). Retrieved

October 7, 2015, from http://www.onemedical.com/blog/live-well/daily-water-intake

group 69 engineering team project (etp) proposal

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