Group Four Seeded, vascular plants (ex: angiosperm)

Group 4: Flowering Plants

• Angiosperms (flowering plants)

• Flower = reproductive structure– Attract animals to

help spread pollen– Forms fruit to protect

and spread seeds• Seeds

– Grow inside the fruit– Inside the seed

1. Embryo2. Endosperm (Food supply)

Seed Dispersal

• Fruit brightly colored– Attracts animals

• Seeds pass through animals digestive system

• Seeds pooped in a new area to grow

Fruit seeds in fox poop

Angiosperm Groups• 2 groups: Based on

seed type• Cotyledon:

embryonic leaf• Two Categories:

– Monocots: embryo with 1 seed leaf

– Dicots: embryo with 2 seed leaves

Monocots vs. Dicots

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Apple Tree: Monocot or Dicot?

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2

3

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Net-like veins

Monocot or Dicot?

1

2

3

4

5

6

Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot?

Veins run parallel

Monocot or Dicot?

Veins run parallel

Monocot or Dicot?

Veins branch outward

Angiosperm Life Spans

• Three Life Span Types:• 1) Annuals

– Seed grows…– Produce flowers & seeds…– Die

• 2) Biennials– 1st year:

• Seed grows and stores food– 2nd year:

• grows more…• makes flowers & seeds…• dies

• 3) Perennials– Live for more than 2 years– May take decades to grow

fruit

sepals

petals• Reproductive

structure of angiosperms

• Sepals– outer ring of leaves– protection

• Petals– Inner ring of leaves – Brightly colored to

attract pollinators• Male and female

organs found inside

Flowers

Tulip Pistil and Stamen

male

female

Lily Pistil and Stamen

male

female

Pistil and Stamen

male

female

Pistil and Stamen

male

female

Flowers • Stamen (male)– Anther: tip of stamen,

produces pollen (sperm)

– Filament: supports anther

• Carpel/Pistil (female)– Inner most part– Stigma: sticky tip,

collects pollen– Style: tube leading

from stigma to ovary – Ovary: found within the

base of a flower• Contains eggs• Grows into fruit when

fertilized

...

Self-Pollination(A flower’s own pollen fertilizes its

own egg/eggs)

Cross-Pollination(Pollen of one flower fertilizes

egg/eggs of another flower)

...

1. Pollen sticks to animal (pollinator) or is released into wind.

Angiosperm Life Cycle

1. Pollen sticks to animal (pollinator) or is released into wind.

2. Animal (pollinator) finds new flower to feed on & pollen grains land on the stigma = pollination

3. Pollen tube grows towards the ovary and 2 sperm transfer down into the ovule

egg

..

Let’s zoom in and look inside the

ovule

4. Angiosperms go through the process of double fertilization.• 1 sperm fuse with the egg = zygote• 1 sperm fuse with the polar nuclei = triploid (3n) endosperm

Endosperm(3n)

Zygote

Double Fertilization

Ovule inside ovary

EndospermSeed Coat

Embryo

5. Each ovule becomes a seed.

6. The surrounding ovary grows into a fruit.

7. Flower dries up and fruit falls to ground.

8. Animals eat fruit….seeds come out the other end…

9. Seeds get dispersed.

10. Seed germinates (sporophyte), and the cycle starts over.

Ground

Plant type Gametophyte Sporophyte Dominant Phase?

Seedless nonvascular(Moss)

More familiar, carpet-like plant that produces specialized gametesXX - ArchegoniumXY – Antheridium

Stalk with cup at tip, which is where spores are produced.

GAMETOPHYTE

Seedless vascular(Fern)

Haploid plant body (prothallus) is size of a finger nail, produces both male and female parts

More familiar, leafy plant with clusters of spore producing sacs (sori)

SPOROPHYTE

Seeded vascularGymnosperm(Conifer)

Pollen grains are male gametophytes develop into sperm, female gametophytes are microscopic produce eggs

More familiar- like pine trees, produces male and female cones that produce spores

SPOROPHYTE

Flowers(Angiosperm)

Pollen grains are male gametophytes 2 haploid cells = pollen tube + sperm Female gametophyte in ovule egg + 2 polar nuclei

More familiar - apple tree, peach tree, zucchini, berries, etc. Contain flowers that produce male and female spores

SPOROPHYTE