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AdnanUsmanSaadSubhan

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES & CLASSIFICATION

Layout pattern of interconnections of links, nodes.

Network Topologies may be Physical or Logical.

Basic Topology Types

BASIC TOPOLOGY TYPES Seven Basic Topologies:- Point-to-Point Bus (point-to-multipoint) topology Star topology Ring topology Tree topology Mesh topology Hybrid topology

NETWORK CAN BE CLASSIFIED According to their physical span as follows:

LANs (Local Area Network) WANs (Wide Area Internetworks)

Building or Campus Interworks

CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

Basic two categories:- Physical Topology:- Layout of wiring,

cables,, location of nodes & interconnections between the nodes and the cable.

Logical Topology:- Data passes through

the network from one device to next without regard to the physical interconnection of the devices.

FACTORS OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Physical Topology is influenced by several factors:

Office Layout Troubleshooting Techniques Cost of Installation Type of cable used

TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Six types of Physical Topologies:-

Point-to-Point Topology Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Mesh Topology Tree Topology

POINT-TO-POINT NETWORK TOPOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Point-to-Point (simplest

topology):- Permanent link between two endpoints. Basic model of conventional telephony. Proportional to the number of potential

pairs of subscribers. Expressed as Metcalfe’s Law.

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Point-to-Point (types) :- Permanent (dedicated):- Permanently associated with the two

endpoints. EXAMPLE: a television circuit from a

parade route back to studio.

Switched:- Circuit can be set up dynamically and

dropped when no longer need. Basic mode of conventional telephony.

BUS NETWORK TOPOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Bus Topology:- Each computer or server connected to the

single bus through connector. Terminator is required to prevent signal

from bouncing back. Finds the MAC address Finds IP address on the network. If address does not match, machine ignore

data. If address does match, machine accept

data.

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Bus Network Topology (types) :-Linear Bus:- Network nodes are connected to common

transmission medium. Commonly referred to as BACK-BONE.

Distributed Bus:- Network nodes are connected to common

transmission medium. Created by adding branches to main section of

transmission medium.

STAR NETWORK TOPOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Star Network Topology:- (contrast bus

topology) Each network host is connected to a central

hub. Hub acts as a signal booster. Easiest topology to design and implement. Advantage & Disadvantage:- Simplicity of adding additional nodes. Hubs represents a single point failure.

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Star Network Topology(types):- Extended Star:- Based upon the physical star topology. One or more repeaters between the central

nodes. Extended star topology are replaced with hubs

or switches.

Distributed Star:- Individual networks. Based upon the physical star topology

connected in linear fashion.

RING NETWORK TOPOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Ring Network Topology:- Set up in circular fashion. Data travels around the ring in one direction. Each device on the right acts to keep signal

strong. Each device incorporates a receiver for the

incoming signal. Send the data on to the next device in the

ring. Network is dependent. Signal or Data travels around the ring.

MESH NETWORK TOPOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Mesh Network Topology:- Proportional to the exponent of the

subscribers number. Assuming that communicating groups of

two endpoints. Including all the endpoints. Approximated by Reed’s Law.

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Mesh Network Topology (types):-

Fully Connected Mesh:- Generally too costly. Complex for practical networks. Topology is used when small number of

nodes to be interconnected.

Number of connections=n(n-1)/2

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Mesh Network Topology (types):-

Partially Connected Mesh:- Some of the nodes are connected to more

than one other node in the network. This makes it possible to take advantage of

some of the redundancy without expense & complexity.

TREE NETWORK TOPOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES Tree Network Topology:- Central node connected to one or more

other nodes. Each node in the network having a specific

fixed number. Nodes connected it at the next lower level

in the hierarchy. Individual peripheral nodes. Also known as a hierarchy network.

LOGICAL TOPOLOGY

LOGICAL TOPOLOGY Main Points: Contrast to the physical. Signals act on the network. Data passes through the network one

device to the next. Data passes without regard to the physical

interconnection. Data takes between nodes. Used as opposed to the actual connections

between nodes.

HYBRIDS

HYBRIDS Main Points: Use combination of any two or more

topologies. Resulting network does not exhibit one of

the standard topologies.

BYE-BYE