Nuclear-free New ZealandJacob, Ross, Shereen

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)

� 1950’s- New Zealand military personnel observed British and American nuclear tests in Australia, the Pacific and in Nevada

� 1959- responding to rising public concern following these British hydrogen bomb tests in Australia and the Pacific, New Zealand voted in the UN to condemn nuclear testing

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)

� 1959- The NZ Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament is formed in Christchurch

� early 1960’s- CND in New Zealand organized protests regarding French atmospheric nuclear tests at Mururoa atoll in French Polynesia

� 1963- CND organizes a petition “No Bombs South of the Line” advocating a nuclear-free southern hemisphere

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)

� 1963- British, American and Soviet governments agreed to ban atmospheric tests with the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT)

� 1964- France transfers its testing to Moruroa Atoll, French Polynesia

Early 1970s - 3rd Labour Government

� “Independent” foreign policy

� Self-reliance

� Protests against French nuclear testing

“I believe that to base our foreign policies on moral principles is the most enlightened form of self-interest. What is morally right is likely to be politically right”

-Norman Kirk

1972-3 - protests against the French

� The Vega sails into the test zone

� France goes to court

� Otago and Canterbury

� Other New Zealand yachts sail in protest

1975-84 - 3rd National Government

� Defense force, alliances

� Close economic relations with Australia

� Asia and Middle East

Protests against ship visits

� 1976 - USS Truxtun and USS Long Beach

� 1978 - USS Pintado

� 1979 - USS Haddo

� 1978 - 32% opposition to nuclear-armed ships

� 1983 - 72%

1984 - 4th Labour GovernmentNuclear free policy

“There’s only one thing worse than being incinerated by your enemies, and that’s being incinerated by your friends”

-David Lange

1984 USS Buchanan

� Americans requested a visit to NZ by the guided missile destroyer

� “Not nuclear armed”

� “Near-uncertainty was not now enough for us”

ANZUS

“New Zealand is a friend, not

an ally.”-

“Ensure the ability of the Earth to

nurture life in all its diversity”

Rainbow Warrior

Tant pis (too bad)1985

Treaty of Rarotonga - 1985

South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone

Treaty

New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act - 1987

International Court of Justice Rules in favour of NZ - 1996France stops nuclear testing in the South Pacific

Works Cited

� http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/nuclear-free-new-zealand/ship-visits

� http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/timeline/7/7

� http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10491916

� http://www.recreationaccess.org.nz/files/history_rec_sport.html

� http://www.spear.govt.nz/documents/publications/significant-policy-events-report.pdf