Group Research Group Research ProjectProjectGrades 1-3Grades 1-3

Elise BakerElise Baker

Ellen Nguyet NguyenEllen Nguyet Nguyen

Richard Falsetti Richard Falsetti

Theoretical FrameworkTheoretical Framework

Basil BernsteinBasil Bernstein * invisible and visible pedagogies* invisible and visible pedagogies * quality of education is class based* quality of education is class based Ray RistRay Rist * labeling* labeling - “deviant”- “deviant” - self fulfilling prophecy- self fulfilling prophecy - teacher expectation- teacher expectation

Research QuestionResearch Question

Why is there such a vast Why is there such a vast difference in API scores when difference in API scores when the student population the student population demographics are so similar?demographics are so similar?

GoalGoal

- figure out which schools used visible vs. invisible pedagogy and if labeling practices have an effect on students’ test scores

- Our question is relevant because if we

can figure out what the best practices classroom practices are, then it will give us a better idea of how to structure our own future classrooms in order to ensure quality pedagogic practices, fairness, and high student achievement rates..

DemographicsDemographics George MayneGeorge Mayne 60% Hispanic60% Hispanic

81% eligible for free/reduced lunch81% eligible for free/reduced lunch 48% considered ELL’s 48% considered ELL’s

LowellLowell 85% Hispanic85% Hispanic

84% eligible for free/reduced lunch 84% eligible for free/reduced lunch 68% considered ELL’s68% considered ELL’s

Horace MannHorace Mann 74% Hispanic74% Hispanic

73% eligible for free/reduced lunch 73% eligible for free/reduced lunch 54% considered ELL’s54% considered ELL’s

George MayneGeorge Mayne 816816

LowellLowell 798798

Horace MannHorace Mann 727727

MethodologyMethodology

Direct observation within Direct observation within classroomclassroom

- non participant- non participant

- involved observer- involved observer

Classroom OverviewClassroom Overview

Examples of pedagogic practices & labeling

- George Mayne - Lowell - Horace Mann

Emergent FindingsEmergent Findings

In viewing the anecdotal findings from each school, we speculated how the amount of invisible and visible pedagogies and the amount and kind of labeling correlated with each of our school’s API’s scores.

George MayneGeorge Mayne (816)(816) - - mostly invisible pedagogic techniques mostly invisible pedagogic techniques & only positive labeling& only positive labeling

LowellLowell (798)(798) – about 50/50 – about 50/50 visible and invisible pedagogic visible and invisible pedagogic practices & positive and negative practices & positive and negative labelinglabeling

Horace MannHorace Mann (727)(727) – mostly – mostly visible pedagogic practices & negative visible pedagogic practices & negative labelinglabeling

ImplicationsImplications Invisible pedagogic practices that involve open ended Invisible pedagogic practices that involve open ended

projects, freedom of choice within the classroom, projects, freedom of choice within the classroom, smaller student to teacher ratios, and less specific smaller student to teacher ratios, and less specific criteria for student groups should not be class based criteria for student groups should not be class based but should be provided for all students, regardless of but should be provided for all students, regardless of family income or past test performance. family income or past test performance.

Children need to be taught by quality teachers who Children need to be taught by quality teachers who value each child rather than seeing them as a test value each child rather than seeing them as a test score. score.

Invisible pedagogic techniques need to be employed Invisible pedagogic techniques need to be employed in all schools, in all schools, especially especially in schools where many in schools where many children come from low income families, rather than children come from low income families, rather than the already privileged students of privileged families.the already privileged students of privileged families.

In regards to Kozol and Darling-Hammond…In regards to Kozol and Darling-Hammond…

Questions?Questions?