growth and development of organisms

8/6/2019 Growth and Development of Organisms

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Growth and Development

of Organisms


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What is Growth?

Growth is an increase in size of an organism. It

is a quantitatively measurable change.

For example, leaves increase in length andwidth. It means that the length and width of

leaves can be measured in centimeters or

meters. We can say that they grow.


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What is Development?

The developmental process, the change that

happens is called a qualitative change, which

cannot be measured.


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What is Development?

When an egg is about to hatch, there is no

increase in its size but there is an important

process of development the egg hatches


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Some Factors that Influence

Growth and Development Growth and development of living thing are

influenced by various factors, booth external

and internal

The internal factors are determined by genes.

The work of genes is seen in the work of

hormones and enzymes.


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Growth and Development A hormone, auxin for example increases the

number and the size of the cells of a tree

trunk. It causes the tree grow taller and

bigger.

An enzyme, digestive enzymes in mammals

enable food to be digested and a bsorbed by

the body.


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Growth and Development External factors are related to anything in the

environment such as air, water, soil, andsunlight

The sunlight plays an important role in thegrowth and development of plants. It affects

quantity of chlorophyll, formation of youngplants, period of fruition, and the ability toform and store food.


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Nutrients needed by green plants

The plant take minerals in defferent ways.

Certain plants can take free nitrogen from the

air with the help of bacteria through a process

known as nitrogen fixation.

Most plants take nitrogen from the soil in the

form of ions


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Nutrients needed by green plants

Macro elements (four essential elements ):carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), andnitrogen (N)

Micro elements : Sulphur (S), Calcium (Ca),Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P), potassium

(K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu),zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), boron (B), andchlorine (Cl)


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Growth of animal

Their life cycle starts from their birth, and

then continues to grow, mature, produce and

die.

Animals need food for their growth. Food

gives them with energy to grow


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The life cycle of a frog


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The life cycle of a butterfly


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The life cycle of a grasshopers

Grasshoppers have different types of a

metamorphosis, it involves three phases,

namely egg, nymph, and adult.


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The life cycle of a moss

Metagenesis in a moss plant


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The life cycle of a fern


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The growth areas of

plants

At the tip there is a terminal bud,

which is also known as an apical

meristem. Along the stem there

are lateral buds, which are also

known as side buds or axillary

buds. Finally they can grow into

branches, leaves, or flowers.

Buds are the start of new growth

and the points where they

appear are nodes of growth.


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The growth areas of

plants

Some plant species have

stems that keepbecoming larger

Stem enlargement is

determined by thepresence of a cambium


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The growth areas of

plants

Increasing size of the

diameter of stem, It isbecause the quantity of

xylem and phloem

increases in the samedirection.


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The growth areas of plants

Xylem and Phloem are vascular tissues for

transport

Xylem transports water and mineralsolutions from the roots to the leaves

Phloem transports photosynthesis products

from leaves to all plant organs

growth and development of organisms

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