growth and development powerpoint

8/13/2019 Growth and Development Powerpoint

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Growth and Development


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Overview

Outline

I. Growth

II. Development (motor, psychosocial, cognitive)

III. Health Promotion

Infant 1 month1 year

Toddler 1 year3 years

Preschooler 3 years6 years

School Age 6 years12 years

Adolescence 12 years21 years


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Infant: Growth

0-6mos: gain 1lb2 lb per month

6-12mos: gain 1 lb per month

Double birth weight by 6mos &

triple birth weight by 1 year

0-6mos: increase length 1 inch per month

6-12mos: increase length by inch per month

Increase length by 50% by age 1 year

Head circumference growth rate: 1cm per month

for the first year


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Infant: Development

Ericksons stage: Trust versus Mistrust

Piagets stage: Sensorimotor

Parent-Infant attachment critical Cognitive development parallels motor

development

Language development is a criticalindicator of normal development over the

first year of life (and beyond)


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Infant: Health Promotion

Immunizations

Hearing Screen (usually done at birth)

Feeding

Sleeping

Safety (burns, poisoning, falls, asphyxiation)

Prevention of Lead Exposure

Age Appropriate Toys

Do Not Use Walkers


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Toddler: Growth

Physical growth slows

Weight gain: 5 lb per year

Height: 3 inches per year

2 years: head circumference is 90% ofadult size

Overall head growth: 1.5 inches during

toddler years Immature abdominal musculature and

exaggerated lumbar curve


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Toddler: Development

Ericksons Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

12-24mos: Piagets Stage: Sensorimotor

2-4 years: Piagets Stage: Preoperational

Language accelerates: 300 words by age 2

Kohlbergs Stage: Punishment-Obedience

Learning occurs through trial and error, play, and

exploring freely in a safe environment

Refine ability to walk, build with blocks, and

expanding motor skills for exploration


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Toddler: Health Promotion

Nutrition (finger foods, physiologic anorexia, usecup and spoon)

Teeth care

Consistent limit setting Consistent positive reinforcement

Toilet training (generally not before age 2)

Temper tantrum management

Socialization

Caregiver support


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Preschooler: Growth

Slow and steady growth

Weight gain = 2.25kg (5lbs) per year

Height = 5-7.5 cm (2-3 inches) per year

Appetite decreases Slimmer, more agile appearance

Vital capacity increases and RR slows

Cardiovascular maturation allows the child toparticipate in sustained activity

20 deciduous teeth present by age 3 years


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Preschooler: Development

Ericksons Stage: Initiative versus Guilt

Piagets Stage: Preoperational

Kohlbergs Stage: Premorality

Fine and gross motor ability improve Handedness emerges by age 3 years

By age 4-5 years the child can perform ADLsindependently

>2100 words by 5 years

Rhymes and silly words by age 4 years


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Preschooler: Health Promotion

Need 10-12 hours of sleep/24 hours

Nightmares/night terrors

Magical thinking poses safety issues

Simple, concrete explanations Gun safety, stranger awareness, learn personal

information, good touch/bad touch

Water safety

School readiness Booster seat in car (car seat up to 40 lbs)

Appropriate child care


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School Age: Growth

Slow, steady growth

Weight gain: 5.5 lbs per year

Height: 2 inches per year

Growth spurt age 10-12 years indicates onset of puberty

Average age of puberty is 11-12 years

Girls experience puberty 1.5 years earlier than boys

Lymphatic tissue reaches adult level by age 10 years

Frontal sinuses develop age 7 years

Increased musculoskeletal growth promotes strengthand coordination

Myelinization of CNS continues to age 10; refinement offine motor skills


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School Age: Development

Ericksons Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority

Piagets Stage: Concrete Operations

Kohlbergs Stage: Morality of Conventional Role

Conformity (7-10 years); Law and OrderOrientation (10-12 years)

Increased mastery of language

Emergence of logic Self-esteem development

Friendship skills established


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2 + 3 = 5

53 = 2

Problem Solving


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School Age: Health Promotion

20 primary teeth lost; replaced with 28 permanent teeth

Reading improves language skills

Helmet use

Overestimate ability and maturity

School Refusal Obesity

Regular sleep

Supervise activities

Limit TV viewing/video game playing Media Influence

Emotional support

Sex Education


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Adolescent: Growth

Rapid Growth Period

Tanner Stages (pg. 152-153)

Growth stops in females 2 years after menarche

Growth acceleration in males later than females(begins 10-16 years; ends 13-17 years)

Muscle mass increases in males

Fat deposition increases in females

Cardiopulmonary capacity matures in lateadolescence and is individually variable

Bone calcification is completed after puberty


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Adolescent: Development

Ericksons Stage: Identity vs. Role Confusion

Piagets Stage: Formal Operations

Kohlbergs Stage: Social Contract Orientation

Cognitive development influences psychosocial

development

Establishment of sexual and vocational identity

Refine social relationships Egocentrism and risk taking behavior


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Adolescent: Health Promotion

Address issues related to fatigue Promote physical activity

Nutrition

Assess/Discuss risk taking behaviors

Violence (homicide second leading cause of death age15-19)

Sun Protection

Abstinence/Contraception

STD education

Psychosocial support/Listening Car Safety

Consequences of decisions/making good decisions

growth and development powerpoint

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