GSM based Smart card information for lost ATM cards

By:

Student 1

Student 2

AIM OF THE PROJECTThe project aims in designing a system

which automatically detects the lost ATM cards and sends the alerting message to the predefined number.

Now a day’s technology is running with time, it completely occupied the life style of human beings. It is being used everywhere in our daily life to fulfill our requirements. We can not only increase the speed of life but also increase security with good ideas by making use of advanced technology.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

GSM based Smart card information for lost ATM cards

Micro controller

Regulated power supply

Crystal Oscillator LED indicators

GSMModem

ResetLCD

driver LCD

Smart cardReader

Smartcard

MAJOR BLOCKS

Regulated Power Supply Smart card module. GSM modem. Crystal oscillator. Micro Controller LED indicators LCD display with driver.

REGULATED POWER SUPPLY Every embedded system requires dc voltage and that that will

be 5v supply

We are getting 230v, 50 Hz in our house hold applications.

We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V,

cooler, fan, light’s

Digital electronic devices need digital supply and we can

get supply from regulated power supply block

Step down transformer(v-0-12 )

Bridgerectifier

Capacitivefilter

Regulator(7805)

+5V DC 230 v AC230 v AC

TRANSFORMER

Transformer is a electromagnetic device whichinduces the voltage due to magnetic field present between primary and secondary windings.

It has two windings called as primary winding and secondary winding. We are giving input 230v input voltage at primary side. The output of transformer is 12v(ac only).

We have two types of transformers

1. Step up transformer.2. Step down transformer.

STEP UP TRANSFORMER

STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

This transformer will step up the voltage that is this transformer will increase the voltage.

eg. V-0-12

This type of transformers will step down the voltage. That is this will convert high voltage in to low voltage.

eg. 0- 430

RECTIFIER

Rectifier is circuit which converts the ac in to dc. We have two types of rectifier.

1. Full wave rectifier

2. Half wave rectifier

Full wave rectifier again classified as follows

1. Bridge rectifier

2. Centre tapped full wave rectifier

In this project we are using bridge rectifier because the efficiency of the bridge rectifier is high compare to all rectifiers.

FILTER The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain some

ripple components that is pulsating DC. To eliminate this ripple components which are present in output we are using filter.

Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the ripples present in rectified output.

We have many types of filters.

Most of the power supplies are using capacitor filter to filter out the ripples present in output.

REGULATOR

The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies according to changes in input but we want constant output voltage. For this purpose we are using voltage regulator.

Regulator is defined as it is a device which will maintain constant output irrespective of changes in input.

The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series have more advantages.

We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v output voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform

one or a few dedicated functions often with real-time computing constraints.

Embedded system is classified into 3 categories

1) Stand Alone Embedded System

2) Real-time embedded systems

3) Network communication embedded systems

•

Stand Alone Embedded System

• These systems takes the input in the form of electrical signals from transducers or commands from human beings such as pressing of a button etc.., process them and produces desired output. This entire process of taking input, processing it and giving output is done in standalone mode. Such embedded systems comes under stand alone embedded systems

• Eg: microwave oven, air conditioner etc..

Real-time embedded systems

Embedded systems which are used to perform a specific task or operation in a specific time period those systems are called as real-time embedded systems. There are two types of real-time embedded systems.

1. Hard Real-time embedded systems

These embedded systems follow an absolute dead line time period i.e.., if the tasking is not done in a particular time period then there is a cause of damage to the entire equipment.

Eg: consider a system in which we have to open a valve within 30 milliseconds. If this valve is not opened in 30 ms this may cause damage to the entire equipment. So in such cases we use embedded systems for doing automatic operations.

2. Soft Real Time embedded systems

These embedded systems follow a relative dead line time period i.e.., if the task is not done in a particular time that will not cause damage to the equipment.

Eg: Consider a TV remote control system

If the remote control takes a few milliseconds delay it will not cause damage either to the TV or to the remote control. These systems which will not cause damage when they are not operated at considerable time period those systems comes under soft real-time embedded systems.

Network communication embedded systems

A wide range network interfacing communication is provided by using embedded systems.

Eg:

Consider a web camera that is connected to the computer with internet can be used to spread communication like sending pictures, images, videos etc.., to another computer with internet connection throughout anywhere in the world.

Microcontroller A microcontroller is a small computer on a single

integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers, watchdog timer, serial and analog I/O etc.

Microcontrollers are also used in scientific, high technology, and aerospace projects.

Microcontrollers are designed for small or dedicated applications.

Some microcontrollers may operate at clock rate frequencies as low as 4 kHz, as this is adequate for many typical applications, enabling low power consumption (mill watts or microwatts)

Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, and toys.

A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system with a processor, memory and peripherals and can be used with an embedded system.

Microcontrollers must provide real time response to events in the embedded system they are controlling. When certain events occur, an interrupt system can signal the processor to suspend processing the current instruction sequence and to begin an interrupt service routine (ISR, or "interrupt handler").

Embedded processors are usually used to control devices, they sometimes need to accept input from the device they are controlling.

PIC is a family of Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology, derived from the PIC1640 originally developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division.

The name PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface Controller".

A PIC's instructions vary from about 35 instructions for the low-end PICs to over 80 instructions for the high-end PICs.,

ABOUT PIC MICROCONTROLLER

PIC CONTROLLER

PIC microcontroller has four optional clock sources. Low power crystal Mid range crystal High range crystal RC oscillator (low cost). Programmable timers and on-chip ADC. Up to 12 independent interrupt sources. Powerful output pin control (25 mA (max.) current sourcing

capability per pin.) EPROM/OTP/ROM/Flash memory option. I/O port expansion capability.

PIC 18F452 CHARACTERISTICS Memory Type

Flash

Program Memory K Bytes 32

EEPROM Data Memory 256

RAM 1536

I/O Pins 36

Pin count 40

Max. CPU Speed MHz 40

Internal Oscillator 8 MHz

Temperature Range -40 to 125 c

PIC 18F452 PIN DIAGRAM

RF COMMUNICATION• Radio Frequency (RF) communications is based on laws

of physics that describe the behavior of electromagnetic energy waves.

• RF communication works by creating electromagnetic waves at a source and being able to pick up those electromagnetic waves at a particular destination. These electromagnetic waves travel through the air at near the speed of light. The wavelength of an electromagnetic signal is inversely proportional to the frequency; the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.

GSMGSM, which stands for Global System for Mobile communications, reigns (important) as the world’s most widely used cell phone technology. Cell phones use a cell phone service carrier’s GSM network by searching for cell phone towers in the nearby area.

Need of GSM: The GSM study group aimed to provide the followings through the

GSM:

1. Improved spectrum efficiency.2. International roaming.3. Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BS)4. High-quality speech5. Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and

other telephone company services.6. Support for new services.

• Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication.

GSM – Architecture

A GSM network consists of several functional entities whose functions and interfaces are defined. The GSM network can be divided into following broad parts.

       The Mobile Station (MS)

       The Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

       The Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)

       The Operation Support Subsystem (OSS)

Following fig shows the simple architecture diagram of GSM Network.

The added components of the GSM architecture include the functions of the databases and messaging systems:

Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) Authentication Center (AuC) SMS Serving Center (SMS SC) Gateway MSC (GMSC) Charge back Center (CBC) Transcoder and Adaptation Unit (TRAU)

Following fig shows the diagram of GSM Network along with added elements.

GSM network areas

In a GSM network, the following areas are defined:

Cell: Cell is the basic service area, one BTS covers one cell. Each cell is given a Cell Global Identity (CGI), a number that uniquely identifies the cell.

Location Area: A group of cells form a Location Area. This is the area that is paged when a subscriber gets an incoming call. Each Location Area is assigned a Location Area Identity (LAI). Each Location Area is served by one or more BSCs.

MSC/VLR Service Area: The area covered by one MSC is called the MSC/VLR service area.

PLMN: The area covered by one network operator is called PLMN. A PLMN can contain one or more MSCs.

Advantages of GSMAdvantages of GSM GSM is already used worldwide with over 450 million subscribers.GSM is already used worldwide with over 450 million subscribers.

    International roaming permits subscribers to use one phone throughout International roaming permits subscribers to use one phone throughout Western Europe. CDMA will work in Asia, but not France, Germany, Western Europe. CDMA will work in Asia, but not France, Germany, the U.K. and other popular European destinations. the U.K. and other popular European destinations.

  GSM is mature, having started in the mid-80s. This maturity means a GSM is mature, having started in the mid-80s. This maturity means a more stable network with robust features. CDMA is still building its more stable network with robust features. CDMA is still building its network. network.

GSM's maturity means engineers cut their teeth on the technology, GSM's maturity means engineers cut their teeth on the technology, creating an unconscious preference. creating an unconscious preference.

The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules, which are smart cards The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules, which are smart cards that provide secure data encryption give GSM m-commerce advantages. that provide secure data encryption give GSM m-commerce advantages. 

LCD DISPLAY • A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic

visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals.

• Liquid crystal display is very important device in embedded system. It offers high flexibility to user as he can display the required data on it.

• These are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft, cockpit displays, signage, etc

Pin No. Name Description

Pin no. 1 VSS Power supply (GND)

Pin no. 2 VCC Power supply (+5V)

Pin no. 3 VEE Contrast adjust

Pin no. 4 RS0 = Instruction input1 = Data input

Pin no. 5 R/W0 = Write to LCD module1 = Read from LCD module

Pin no. 6 EN Enable signal

Pin no. 7 D0 Data bus line 0 (LSB)

Pin no. 8 D1 Data bus line 1

Pin no. 9 D2 Data bus line 2

Pin no. 10 D3 Data bus line 3

Pin no. 11 D4 Data bus line 4

Pin no. 12 D5 Data bus line 5

Pin no. 13 D6 Data bus line 6

Pin no. 14 D7 Data bus line 7 (MSB)

PIN DESCRIPTION

OSCILLATOR

An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a repetitive Electronic signal, often a sine

wave or a square wave.

PIC micro controller internally having 4mhz clock frequency.

We are giving the 20Mhz clock frequency as an external source for increasing the system performance

LED’s are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component

LED’s emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

LED INDICATORS

Led indicators have a life of at least ten years and consume 90 per cent less power than conventional indicators.

Depending on the type of the materials (Ga,As,p) led will gives the output in different colors (red, Yellow, green etc..)

ADVANTAGES OF LED Long life :

lifetimes can exceed 100,000 hours, as compared to 1,000 hours for tungsten bulbs

Robustness :no moving parts, no glass

Size :typical package is only 5 mm in diameter

Energy efficiency :up to 90% less energy used translates into smaller power supply

required

Versatility :available in a variety of colors

Applications of led

→ Medical Instrumentation

→ Bar Code Readers

→ Color & Money Sensors

→ Electronic Gadgets

→ Encoders

→ Optical Switches

→ Embedded systems

→ Fiber Optic Communication

RESET BUTTON

The reset button is a button that when clicked, will clear all of the fields in the micro controller, and executes the instructions from the starting address.

A switch placed between the digital input and ground will short the digital input to ground when it is pressed.  This means the voltage seen at the input will be high when the switch is open and low when the switch is closed.

Software’s used

PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming

PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.

Express SCH for Circuit design

Proteus for hardware simulation