Água df€¦ · management practices for the pipiripau river basin, central brazil, using swat....
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1Patrocinadopor
Funded by
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
1Patrocinadopor
Funded by
Assessing the hydrological impact of conservation management practices for the Pipiripau River basin, Central Brazil, using SWAT.
Michael Strauch, Fabio Bakker, Albano Araújo,
Jorge E.F.W. Lima, Carsten Lorz, Franz Makeschin
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources ManagemenInternational Conference on Integrated Water Resources Managementt‐‐
Management of Water in Changing World: Lessons Learnt and InnovManagement of Water in Changing World: Lessons Learnt and Innovative Perspectives ative Perspectives ‐‐1212‐‐13 October 2011, Dresden, Germany13 October 2011, Dresden, Germany
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
Outline:
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The SWAT model
Study area
Case study workflow
Management scenarios
Calibration results
Model plausibility
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
Population in thousands in the DF
Land use change in the DF
OtherUrban
Agriculture
Cerrado
Mata
Urban
Rural
1954 1964 1973 1984 1994 1998 2001 2006
Lorz et al. 2011
Lorz et al. 2011
Increasing risk of water scarcity due to population growth & land use change in the Federal District (DF), Central Brazil
Urgent need for IWRM in the DF (IWAS supports by developing specific solutions)
Land management can significantly affect water resources (e.g. silting of reservoires) => must be part of IWRM
Program ‘Produtor de Água’: Support ofsustainable management by Payments for Environmental Services (PES)
We want to assess the effectiveness of BMPs (through watershed modeling) 3
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
ArcGIS Source: http://geo.arc.nasa.gov (modified)
ArcSWAT
Integrated watershed modeling system
Model components include: weather, hydrology, erosion/sedimentation,plant growth, nutrients, pesticides, agricultural management…
Process‐based, semi‐distributed (HRUs)
http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/
(Arnold et al., 1998)
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International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
SWAT‐T: adapted plant growth module(to tropical conditions)
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
Pipiripau River Basin (~ 215 km²)Conflicts in water use (agricultural vs. urban use)Part of ‘Produtor de Água’
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International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
Model setup for status quo
Model
calibration
/
validation
Plausibility
check
[ET, LAI, Runoff
components]
Scenario simulation
BMP impact analysis
Sediments (Turbidity)Streamflow
Remote‐Sens.(MODIS)Literature Review
Water useClimateSoils
Land
use/managementDEM
Crop RotationsIrrigationSediment BasinsTerracesRiparian Buffer
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Source Code
Adaptation
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
LU_APP_ARASE
Source: BRASIL (2010), modified
− Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP protected by law; in theory!)− Active River Areas (ARA, suggested by TNC)− Areas Susceptible for Erosion (ASE, suggested by TNC)
Riparian Buffer
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International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
− Terraces on 25, 50, and 100% of arable land− Sediment basins along roads (2, 5, and 10 per km)
Erosion Control Constructions
Source: BRASIL (2010) 8
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
− Irrigation efficiency− Diversified crop rotations as alternative to soybean & corn−monocultures
Sustainable Crop Management
Ano 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8Talhão a b c a b c a b c a b c a b c a b c a b c a b c
1 Sj M F M F T Sj So H A G H SJ C F M C T Sj So H A T F2 M A F Sj T H A G F Sj M H
C
R T F Sj So H M F H3 Sj C T M C F Sj M H A G T Sj A F M So H4 M A F Sj T H A T H Sj G F M C H5 Sj So F M G H Sj M F A C T6 A T F Sj M H M A H7 Sj C T A M F8 M F T
diasSj Soja 100F Feijão 90M Milho 120So Sorgo 90T Trigo 120G Girassol 100C Canola 100P PousioA Algodão 120ML Milheto 90H HortaliçaCR Crotalária 90
plantiosafra out/novsafrinha jan/fevInverno Irrigado abr/mai
Exemplary crop rotation scheme for the DF including 50% soybean (Embrapa)
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International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
10
Streamflow [m³/s], daily Sediment loads [t/mon]
Calibration period:
1/2004 ‐
12/2006
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
*
Validation period:
1/2007 ‐
6/2009
**Sediment loads derived from correlations to turbidity
R²
= 0.79NSE = 0.78
R²
= 0.66NSE = 0.54
R²
= 0.78NSE = 0.48
R²
= 0.81NSE = ‐5.5
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
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Leaf‐Area‐Index (LAI)
– SWAT simulation vs. remote – sensing data (MOD15A2)
– Average annual cycle – (2003‐2009)
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
Evapotranspiration (ET)
– SWAT simulation vs. literature data for Cerrado
Months in year
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
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Conservation Management Practices are assumed to be essential for a sustainable IWRM in the DF (political relevance, see program Produtor de Água)
Evaluation of effectiveness of those measures (for decision support) requires integrated process‐based watershed modeling
Target outputs (streamflow, sediment loads) and process representation must be assessed
SWAT‐T has proved to be suitable to simulate key hydrologic processesin the tropical Pipiripau watershed (=> should be used instead of SWAT!)
Coming next: Scenario simulations
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
Giambelluca, T.W., Scholz F.G., Bucci S.J., 2009. Evapotranspiration and energy balance of Brazilian savannas with contrasting
tree density. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149: 1365–1376.
Arnold, J.G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R., Williams, J., 1998. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34: 73‐89.
Lima, W. de P., Zakia, M.J.B., Libardi, P.L., Filho, A.P. de S.,
1990. Comparative evapotranspiration of Eucalyptus, Pine and natural "Cerrado" vegetation measured by the soil water balance method. IPEF International (1), Piracicaba: 5‐11.
Lima, J.E.F.W., da Silva, C.L., Oliveira, C.A. da S., 2001. Comparação da evapotranspiração real simulada e observada em uma bacia hidrográfica em condições naturais de cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 5(1): 33‐41.
Santana, O.A., Cuniat, G., Imaña‐Encinas, J., 2010. Contribution of understory vegetation on total evapotranspiration in distinct environments of the Cerrado biome, Distrito Federal, Brazil. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, 20(2): 269‐281
References:
BRASIL, Ministério do Meio Ambiente ‐
Agência Nacional de ANA (2010). Programa Produtor de Água ‐
Relatório de Diagnóstico Socioambiental da Bacia do Ribeirão Pipiripau, Brasília.
And many thanks to the BMBF for
supporting our project!!
Thank you for your attention!
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
14
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011
12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011
IWASBrazil
ÁGUA‐DF
Change of grow
season only possible
by kill operation!
⇒ fixed date or heat ⇒ unit fraction⇒ no minimum LAI
SWAT‐T: ⇒ no kill op necessary⇒ beginning of new ⇒ grow season⇒ depends on soil⇒moisture at the end⇒ of the dry season
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How is SWAT simulating the LAI?
Heat
unit
approach
for
optimal LAI
development
!
For perennials
and
trees
growing
season
is
terminated
by
dormancy.
What
if
there
is
no dormancy
(like
in the
tropics)?
International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011International Conference on Integrated Water Resources
Management, Dresden 2011