guía de práctica clínica en salud oral - enfermedad gingival

7/28/2019 Gua de prctica clnica En salud oral - Enfermedad Gingival

1/88


2/88


3/88

Xngtbja Xigbja ck Zaguc Nrag

para In`nt C$ J$

@[A CK XYJSBJA JGDBJA XAYAKG CBA@DZSBJN' XYKVKDJBDR SYASAOBKDSN CK GAKDFKYOKCAC @BD@BVAG

In`nt C$ J$ Oayn ck 9880


4/88

Cba`raoajbd k boprksbd=YBJOKG BOXYKZNYKZ

Jra$ 10 D 32 A / 86Skgkfax= ;01 50 6;rbjokgboprksnrksHyaenn$jno


5/88

ZKJYKSAYA CBZSYBSAG CK ZAG[C

CY$ EJSNY ]AOIYADN YNCY@[K]

Zkjrktarbn ck Ckspajen

CY$ MNZ FKYDADCN OAYSDK] GNXKYACbrkjtnr ck Zaguc Xigbja

CYA$ OAYSEA G[JA Y[IBN OKDCN]AMkfk ckg rka ck Ajjbndks kd Zaguc

Zkjrktara Cbstrbtag ck Zaguc ck In`ntCbrkjjbd ck Zaguc Xigbja

Jaggk 1: Dn$ :9 62

1kra kcbjbd

BZID= 205/2;5/5:1:/80/85

www$sagucjapbtag$`nv$jn


6/88


7/88

AZNJBAJBD JNGNOIBADA CK

FAJ[GSACKZ CK NCNDSNGN@A

JNDZKMN CBYKJSBVN / 9880

XrksbckdtkJAYGNZ OAYBN [YBIK ZNSN

[dbvkrsbcac ck Adtbnquba

Vbjkprksbckdtk

VJSNY E[@N VBGGNSA AGVAYACN[dbvkrsbcac Jnnpkratbva ck Jngnoiba Xastn

ACNGFN JNDSYKYAZ YKD@BFN[dbvkrsbcac ckg Vaggk

AGKMADCYN ]AXASA IAYYKSNXndtbfbjba [dbvkrsbcac Mavkrbada

JAYOKD]A OAJBAZ @[SBYYK]Jngk`bn Ncndtng`bjn Jngnoibadn

JGKOKDJBA YNCY@[K]@AJEAYD[dbvkrsbcac Dajbndag ck Jngnoiba

@AIYBKG MABOK JACAVBCVKGZQ[K][dbvkrsbcac JKZ

@GNYBA XYK] SYKZXAGAJBNZ[dbvkrsbcac ckg Zbd Jarta`kda

MNY@K KC[AYCN YKZSYKXNXKGK][dbvkrsbcac Autdnoa ck Oadbzagks

G[BZA GKNDNY AYVAGN SNVAY[dbvkrsbcac ck Jarta`kda

OAYA JGAYA YAD@KG @AGVBZ[dbvkrsbcac Kg Insquk

OAYBN OAGCNDACN ZDJEK][dbvkrsbcac Oktrnpngbtada

OAYBN ZKYYASN E[KYSAZ

OAYSEA GBGBADA YBDJD YNCY@[K][dbvkrsbcac Zadtn Snos ck Aqubdn

NZJAY AYOADCN ENYOB@A GKDFudcajbd [dbvkrsbtarba Zad Oartd

AGIKYSN AJNZSA Y[KCA[dbvkrsbcac Jnnpkratbva ck JngnoibaVbggavbjkdjbn

JAYGNZ KOBYN SAZAO OKMA[dbvkrsbcac Zadtba`n ck Jagb

JGA[CBA OKMA GXK]Fudcajbd [dbvkrsbtarba Zad OartdIarradqubgga

XBGAY XASYBJBA OKZA NJENA[dbvkrsbcac Jnnpkratbva ck JngnoibaKdvb`acn

OAYBA MNZ VBGGAGNINZ JAZSYN[dbvkrsbcac Adtndbn Darbn

@GACRZ A][JKDA DK] IAYYKYACbrkjtnra Kmkjutbva

ZNFA MJNOK GBVADNCbrkjtnra Cbvbsbd ck Kcujajbd

GBDA OAYA @AYJA ]AXASACbrkjtnra Cbvbsbd ck Zkrvbjbns

ZNDBA JNDJEA ZDJEK]Cbrkjtnra Cbvbsbd ck Bdvkstb`ajbd[dbvkrsbcac ckg Zbd Ondtkra


8/88


9/88

Kgainraca pnr=

@GNYBA GAFA[YBK VBGGAOBG

Ncndtgnà Xkrbncndjbsta' Xrnfksnr Asnjbacn' Fajugtac ck Ncndtngnà / [dbvkrsbcacKg Insquk' Cbrkjtnra Bdstbtutn [BIN/[dbcac ck Bdvkstbàjbd Isbja Nrag [dbvkrsbcac Kg

Insquk' Jnnrcbdacnra Xnst`racn Xkrbncndjba y Okcbjbda Nrag' [dbvkrsbcac Kg Insquk

M[AD MABOK ZKYYADN GVAYK]Ncndtgn`n Xkrbncndjbsta ' Xrnfksnr Asnjbacn' Fajugtac ck Ncndtngnà Xndtbfbjba[dbvkrsbcac Mavkrbada' Xrnfksnr Asnjbacn' Fajugtac ck Ncndtngnà [dbvkrsbcac$ Kg

Insquk' Cbrkjtnr Xnst`racn Xkrbncndjba / Xndtbfbjba [dbvkrsbcac Mavkrbada

OA[YBJBN @OK] @[]ODNcndtgn`n Xkrbncndjbsta

Xrnfksnr Asnjbacn' Fajugtac ck Ncndtngnà Xndtbfbjba [dbvkrsbcac Mavkrbada

ADCYKA CKG XBGAY INYCA I[ZSNZNcndtgnà' Jnnrcbdacnra ck Zaguc Nrag Enspbtag ck sok

CBYKJJBD

@KDKYAG

ZNFA MJNOK GBVADNNcndtgnà' OsJ

Cbrkjtnra Cbvbsbd ck Kcujajbd' Asnjbajbd Jngnoibada ck Fajugtacks ck NcndtngnàA$J$F$N$

JNNYCBDAJBD ZKJYKSAYACBZSYBSAG CK ZAG[CJAYNG @[AYDB]N EKYYKN

Ncndtgnà' OsJYkfkrkdtk ck Zaguc Nrag kd Ajjbndks kd Zaguc

In`nt C$ J$' oayn ck 9880

@[A CK XYJSBJA JGDBJA XAYA KG CBA@DZSBJN'XYKVKDJBD R SYASAOBKDSN CK GA

KDFKYOKCAC @BD@BVAG


10/88


11/88

JNDSKDBCN

XYKZKDSAJBD $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1;

BDSYNC[JJBD $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 10

JAXS[GN 1@[ACKXYJSBJAJGDBJAXAYAKGCBA@DZSBJN' XYKVKDJBDRSYASAOBKDSNCKGAKDFKYOKCAC@BD@BVAG $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 91

1$1 Kxaokd y cba`dstbjn pkrbncndtag $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 911$1$1 Jon bckdtbfbjar pajbkdtks pkrbncndtagokdtk afkjtacns> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$911$1$9 Jon bckdtbfbjar gns fajtnrks ck rbks n ck ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag> $$$$$$$$ 96

1$1$9$1 Fajtnrks snjbagks $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 961$1$9$9 Fajtnrks Ibng`bjns $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 90

1$1$: Jon cbrkjjbndar ga atkdjbd ck gns pajbkdtkspkrbncndtagokdtk afkjtacns>$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$:81$ 9 Srataobkdtn ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag asnjbaca a pgaja $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :8

1$9$1 Kd qu nrckd sk ckikd ggkvar gns prnjkcbobkdtns parakg trataobkdtn ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :1

1$9$9 Jon jrkar eibtns ackjuacns ck eb`bkdk nrag kd gns pajbkdtks> $$$$$$$$$$$$$:91$9$: Jon bdtkrvkdbr gns fajtnrks ck rbks`n asnjbacns a ga kdfkrokcac

pkrbncndtag> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :;1$9$3 Qu prnjkcbobkdtns sk ckikd ackgadtar para tratar ga kdfkrokcac

`bd`bvag> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$:61$9$; Jon oadkmar gas kdtbcacks `bd`bvagks quk aokrbtad trataobkdtn ckur`kdjba> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $:0

1$: Ykkvaguajbd y fask ck oadtkdbobkdtn y jndtrng $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :21$:$1 Jug ckik skr ga frkjukdjba ck jndtrng ck ud pajbkdtk tratacn

pnr kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :21$:$9 Jon sk ckik oadkmar a ga oumkr `kstadtk> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 381$:$: Jugks prnjkcbobkdtns sk ckikd rkagbzar curadtk kg

jndtrng ck sk`ubobkdtn> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 38


12/88

JAXS[GN 9

ZNXNYSKSKOSBJNCKGA@[ACKASKDJBDXAYAKUAOKD'CBA@DZSBJNRSYASAOBKDSNCKGAKDFKYOKCAC@BD@BVAG $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$3:

9$1 Oarjn Dnroatbvn $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3:9$9 Kpbckobngn`a ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3:9$: Kdfkrokcac @bd`bvag $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3;

9$:$1 Ckfbdbjbd$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$3;9$:$9 Jgasbfbjajbd ck ga Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$369$:$: Jarajtkrstbjas jgdbjas ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 329$:$3 Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag asnjbaca a pgaja$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$;89$:$; Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag oncbfbjaca pnr fajtnrks sbstobjns$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$;9

9$:$;$1 Asnjbaca a jaoibns kdcnjrbdns $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;99$:$;$9 Asnjbaca ag koiarazn $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;99$:$;$: Asnjbaca a cbaiktks okggbtus $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;99$:$;$3 Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag asnjbaca ag usn ck okcbjaokdtns $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;99$:$;$; Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag dkjrntbzadtk $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;:9$:$;$6 @bd`bvbtbs kd pajbkdtks VBE $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;:

9$3 Ktbngn`a$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$;:9$; Fajtnrks ck rbks`n $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;;

9$;$1 Ekrkdjba$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$;;

9$;$9 Kstbgn ck vbca $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;69$;$: Eb`bkdk nrag $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;69$;$3 Fajtnrks rktkdtbvns ck pgaja $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;09$;$; Saiaqubson$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;59$;$6 Agjnengbson $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;29$;$0 Cbaiktks Okggbtus$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$689$;$5 Koiarazn $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 619$;$2 Okcbjaokdtns asnjbacns a a`radcaobkdtns `bd`bvagks $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 63

9$6 dcbjks para bckdtbfbjajbd ck ga jndcbjbd `bd`bvag $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 6;

9$0 Ontbvajbd ckg pajbkdtk $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 609$5 Kfkjtbvbcac ckg Jndtrng okjdbjn ck ga pgaja iajtkrbada $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 089$2 Jndtrng quobjn ck ga pgaja iajtkrbada$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$08

9$2$1 Jgnrekxbcbda $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 019$2$9 Ajkbtks Kskdjbagks $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 019$2$: Srbjgnsad $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 019$2$3 Xkrxbcn ck ebcr`kdn= $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 01

9$18 Kfkjtbvbcac ckg Cktartramk $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 099$11 Kfkjtbvbcac ck ga prnfbgaxbs kd ga tkrapba$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$09

9$19 Skrapba ck snpnrtk $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 0:Ibigbn`rafa $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 0;


13/88

ADKUNZ

Adkxn 1Zkjukdjba ck oadkmn para cba`dstbjn y trataobkdtn ck jarbks ckdtag y kdfkrokcac`bd`bvag asnjbaca a pgaja $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$51

Adkxn 9Dbvkgks ck kvbckdjba y `racns ck rkjnokdcajbd $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 5:

Adkxn :Ckgkàjbd ck fudjbndks

kd pkrsndag auxbgbar $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 5;

DCBJK CK FB@[YAZ

Fbùra 1Jcb`ns sk`d jndcbjbd pkrbncndtag ydkjksbcacks ck tkrapba pkrbncndtag %BJDSX" $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$99Fbùra 9Fgumn`raoa ck prnjkcbobkdtns para kg trataobkdtn ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag$$$$$$$$$$$$$$:9

DCBJK CK SAIGAZ

Saiga 1Ksqukoa ck jcb`ns ck jndcbjbd pkrbncndtag asb`dacns para jaca skxtadtk$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$9:Saiga 9

Ksqukoa ck trataobkdtn pkrbncndtag pnr skxtadtks$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$93Saiga :Yk`bstrn ck pgaja iajtkrbada vbsbigk ck Zbgdkss y Gk oncbfbjacn$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$92Saiga 3Xnrjkdtamks ck Xgaja Iajtkrbada sk`d dokrn ck supkrfbjbkskdjndtracas jnd Jcb`n 1 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 92Saiga ;Ksqukoa ck skjukdjba ck nrckd ck jkpbggacn $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$:3Saiga 6

Ksqukoa ck cbvbsbd pnr skxtadtks para trataobkdtn pkrbncndtag $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :6


14/88


15/88

XYKZKDSAJBD

In`nt jukdta jnd uda Xngtbja Xigbja kd Zaguc Nrag jnd partbjbpajbd snjbag'ratbfbjaca jnd cbfkrkdtks ajtnrks a travs ck ud pajtn pnr ga Zaguc Nrag' kd njtuirkck 9883$ Ksta Xngtbja Xigbja pgadtka ga dkjksbcac ck rkcbokdsbndar ga ajjbd kdsaguc nrag kd ga jbucac para àradtbzar kg ckrkjen a ga saguc$ Xara gn`rargn' sk eaprnpukstn àradtbzar kg ajjksn a ga atkdjbd para ga prntkjjbd y rkjupkrajbd ckga saguc nrag ck gns eaibtadtks ckg Cbstrbtn Japbtag' gn juag rkqubkrk rknràdbzar gaprkstajbd ck gns skrvbjbns ck saguc nrag$

Kd kstk skdtbcn' ga Xngtbja Cbstrbtag ck Zaguc Nrag pgadtka jnon uda ck susprbdjbpagks tarkas' rknràdbzar gns skrvbjbns ck saguc nrag para quk stns rkspndcadck oadkra kfbjaz y kqubtatbva a gns prnigkoas ajtuagks$ [dn ck gns aspkjtns os

bopnrtadtks ag eaigar ck kqubcac kd gns skrvbjbns ck saguc' ackos ck gns rkgajbndacnsjnd kg ajjksn y kg fbdadjbaobkdtn ks kg ck ga jagbcac' kd cndck gns traiamacnrks ck gasaguc y ga kstrujtura ck gns sbstkoas ck saguc ckikd prkstar bùagks ksfukrzns y jubcacnspara gns cbstbdtns `rupns ck uda snjbkcac' ck tag oadkra quk jaca bdcbvbcun pukcakspkrar kg obson agtn dbvkg ck atkdjbd kd saguc$

Gas @uas ck Xrjtbja Jgdbja sk jndstbtuykd kd uda ekrraobkdta fudcaokdtagpara àradtbzar kqubcac kd ga atkdjbd kd saguc nrag adtk dkjksbcacks kspkjfbjas'puks pkrobtk jndsngbcar gas okmnrks agtkrdatbvas ck ckjbsbd jgdbja quk ckikrd

kopgkarsk sk`d gas dkjksbcacks y jarajtkrstbjas kspkjfbjas ck jaca jasn$Gas @uas ck Xrjtbja Jgdbja kd Zaguc Nrag para In`nt nrbkdtard ga tnoa ck

ckjbsbndks jgdbjas `rajbas a ga jnoibdajbd ck ga okmnr kvbckdjba jbkdtfbjacbspndbigk' gas kxpkrbkdjbas kxbtnsas kd ga jbucac' gas jndsbckrajbndks snirk gasjarajtkrstbjas ajtuagks ck ga prjtbja ncndtng`bja y gas jndcbjbndks ck saguc nragck ga pnigajbd kd ga jbucac$

Zk iusja quk kstas ùas ck prjtbja jgdbja bopugskd jaoibns kd gns skrvbjbnsck saguc nrag quk pkrobtad kg okmnraobkdtn ck ga jagbcac ck gns obsons< para kggn

ks dkjksarba ga partbjbpajbd ajtbva ck tncns gns ajtnrks bdvngujracns kd kg prnjksn$Gas ùas sk jndstbtuykd kd ekrraobkdta ck traiamn ajacobjn' acobdbstratbvn y


16/88

16

ZKJYKSAYACBZSYBSAGCK ZAG[C CK IN@NSAZNJBAJBD JNGNOIBADACK FAJ[GSACKZCK NCNDSNGN@A

pngtbjn kd kg oarjn ck ga rkdnvajbd ck jnoprnobsns ckg Xajtn pnr ga saguc nrag'rkjndnjbkdcn dukvaokdtk quk sgn jnd kg ksfukrzn jnopartbcn gn`rarkons qukIn`nt ska uda jbucac prntkjtnra ck ga saguc nrag$

Xara ga kgainrajbd ck ksta @ua' iamn ga cbrkjjbd ck ga Asnjbajbd Jngnoibadack Fajugtacks ck Ncndtngn`a AJFN/ ' sk jndt jnd ud `rupn ck cnjkdtkskxpkrtns kd kg tkoa y sk cksarrnggarnd cbstbdtns okjadbsons ck partbjbpajbd ckgns prnfksbndagks vbdjugacns a gns enspbtagks ck ga rkc pigbja ck In`nt$


17/88

BDSYNC[JJBD

Ga ùa ck Xrjtbja Jgdbja para kg cba`dstbjn' prkvkdjbd y trataobkdtn ck gakdfkrokcac `bd`bvag' nfrkjk a ncndtgn`ns' eb`bkdbstas' prnontnrks' kcujacnrks'kqubpn ck saguc y usuarbns kd `kdkrag' udns paroktrns quk udbfbjad jrbtkrbns'fajbgbtad kg gn`rn ck nimktbvns y iusjad okmnrar ga saguc nrag ck ga pnigajbd' apartbr ck ga bopgkokdtajbd ck kstratk`bas kfkjtbvas kd prkvkdjbd y oadkmn ck gakdfkrokcac bd`bvag< kstaigkjk kstdcarks' tkdbkdcn kd jukdta ga fgkxbibgbcac prnpbaa su apgbjajbd kd gns cbfkrkdtks `rupns pnigajbndagks y jarajtkrstbjas ck gnsprkstacnrks ck skrvbjbns$

Ksta ùa rksuok kg Xrnjksn ck Atkdjbd npkratbva cksck kg onokdtn kd qukkg pajbkdtk bd`rksa ag skrvbjbn ck atkdjbd kd saguc nrag' easta quk tkrobda su faskck prkvkdjbd.trataobkdtn y pasa a fask ck oadtkdbobkdtn$ Ks apgbjaigk a tncns

gns dbvkgks ck atkdjbd y `rupns ck kcac' a dbvkg ck gns skrvbjbns$Zk jndstruy a partbr ckg kstacn ckg artk ckg Cba`dstbjn' trataobkdtn y

skùbobkdtn ck pajbkdtks jnd kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag' utbgbzadcn para kstk adgbsbsuda isqukca ibigbn`rfbja kxeaustbva' tkdbkdcn kd jukdta gns dbvkgks ckkvbckdjba jbkdtfbja y gas rkjnokdcajbndks jbkdtfbjas' jnd su jndskjukdtkjndtkxtuagbzajbd kd kg sbstkoa ck saguc ckg pas' kd kg oarjn ck ga pngtbjapigbja ck saguc nrag y jnd ga partbjbpajbd ck gns enspbtagks ck ga rkc pigbja ckga jbucac$

Isqukca ibigbn`rfbja kd iask ck catns Okcgbdk' y ga iask ck catns JnjeradkCataiask Zyst$ utbgbzadcn jnon pagairas jgavk %kd bd`gs"= `bd`bvbtbs & fajtnrksck rbks`n' bd`bvbtbs & ktbngnà' bd`bvbtbs & pgaja ckdtag' bd`bvbtbs & trataobkdtn'`bd`bvbtbs & taiaqubson' `bd`bvbtbs & agjnengbson' `bd`bvbtbs & okcbjaokdtns'tjdbjas ck jkpbggacn & kdsayns jgdbjns agkatnrbzacns' skca ckdtag & kdsaynsjgdbjns agkatnrbzacns' prnfbgaxbs & kdsayns jgdbjns agkatnrbzacns' pkrbncndtbtbs& fajtnrks ck rbks`n' pkrbncndtbtbs & pgaja ckdtag' pkrbncndtbtbs & trataobkdtn'pkrbncndtbtbs & taiaqubson' pkrbncndtbtbs & agjnengbson' pkrbncndtbtbs &

ekrkdjba' cktartramk & kdsayns jgdbjns agkatnrbzacns' tkrapba pkrbncndtag &rkvbsbd sbstkotbja$


18/88

15


/ Ykvbsbd ck cnjuokdtns rkgkvadtks=n KDZAI BBB %1225"

n Gdka ck iask para kg skùbobkdtn y kvaguajbd ck ga okta ck sagucnrag prnpuksta kd kg pgad ck cksarrnggn 9883/9880$ Zkjrktarba Cbstrbtagck Zaguc ck In`nta$ In`nt' kdkrn ck 988;$

n Xngtbjas ck Zaguc ck ga Zkjrktara ck Zaguc ck In`nt %9883"n Cnjuokdtns gk`bsgatbvns rkfkrkdtks a Gky 188n Intkrn A' Agvkar F' Vgkz O' Jacavbc @' Davarrn M' Cuquk A' @uas

ck Xrjtbja Jgdbja iasacas kd ga Kvbckdjba= @bd`bvbtbs$ Xrnykjtn BZZ A$J$F$N$ Kcbtnrbag @rfbjas MKZ' Oadbzagks 1225$

n Jaiaggkrn' Gafaurbk$ Ayuca isbja para kg cbgb kdjbaobkdtn ck ga ebstnrbapkrbncndtag kd gas jgdbjas ck prk`racn ck ga [dbvkrcbcac Kg Insquk$JC YNO$[dbvkrsbcac Kg Insquk$ 9883$

n Arobta`k' @J$ Ckvkgnpokdt nf a jgassbfbjatbnd systko fnr pkrbncndtagbskasks adc jndcbtbnds$Add Xkrbncndtng$ 3=1/6$ 1222

n Kxpkrbkdjbas ck gns rkfkrkdtks ck gns Enspbtagks ck In`nt

Ga ùa kst kstrujturaca kd cns skjjbndks prbdjbpagks=1$ @ua ck atkdjbd para cba`dstbjn y trataobkdtn ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag=

Kstk japtugn gk ca ag usuarbn uda ùa pasn a pasn ck gns prnjkcbobkdtnspara kg cba`dstbjn y trataobkdtn jgdbjn a travs ck fgumn raoas y cksjrbpjbdck ajtbvbcacks$

9$ Fudcaokdtajbd tkrbja=Kg skùdcn japtugn eajk rkfkrkdjba a ga fudcaokdtajbd tkrbja ck ga ùa'kd cndck sk sustkdtad gns jndtkdbcns prbdjbpagks' tkdbkdcn kd jukdtajndjkptns `kdkragks y iusjadcn skùbr kg obson nrckd ck gn cksarrnggacn

kd kg japtugn 1$

Ksta ùa ckik jndsbckrarsk jnon tag' tkdbkdcn kd jukdta quk gns kstdcarksck jubcacn sk cktkrobdad snirk ga iask ck tncns gns catns jgdbjns cbspndbigkspara ud jasn bdcbvbcuag y ksns kstdcarks kstd sumktns a jaoibn a okcbca quk kgjndnjbobkdtn jbkdtfbjn y ga tkjdngnà avadzad y gns patrndks ck jubcacnkvngujbndad$ Ga acekrkdjba a gas rkjnokdcajbndks ck ga ùa dn askùrad udrksugtacn kxbtnsn kd jaca jasn y' pnr ntra partk' taopnjn ckikd skr jndsbckracas

jnon ga bdtkrprktajbd ck tncns gns otncns aprnpbacns ck jubcacn n ga kxjgusbdck ntrns otncns ajkptaigks ck jubcacn quk prktkdckd gns obsons rksugtacns$ Kg


19/88

@[ACK KDFKYOKCAC @BD@BVAG

12

mubjbn fbdag jndjkrdbkdtk ag prnjkcbobkdtn jgdbjn n pgad ck trataobkdtn partbjugarckik eajkrsk pnr kg ncndtgn`n' cbsjutbkdcn jnd kg pajbkdtk gas npjbndks vbaigks

ck trataobkdtn$ Zk ajndskma' sbd koiar`n' juadcn sk tnokd ckjbsbndks quk skagkmad ck ga ua' jndsb`dargn kd ga ebstnrba jgdbja ckg pajbkdtk y.n cnjuokdtajbdckg sbtbn ck atkdjbd$

Gas cbfbjugtacks quk pukcad sur`br para su apgbjajbd rkqubkrkd ck ga tnoa ckckjbsbndks' tadtn a dbvkg cbstrbtag jnon a dbvkg gnjag y partbjugar$

Ga ùa ks taoibd ud apnrtk ck ga Zkjrktara Cbstrbtag ck Zaguc ck In`nt paraquk gns prkstacnrks ckg skrvbjbn ck saguc nrag juopgad jnd ga dnroatbvbcac vb`kdtk$Kg Zbstkoa Nigbàtnrbn ck @aradta ck ga Jagbcac kstaigkjbcn kd kg Ckjrktn 1811ck 9886 y ga Yksngujbd 183: ck 9886' cktkrobda para kg kstdcar ck XrnjksnsXrbnrbtarbns Asbstkdjbagks quk gns prkstacnrks ck skrvbjbns ck saguc' tadtn gas BXZjnon gns prnfksbndagks bdckpkdcbkdtks' ckikd tkdkr cnjuokdtacns gns prbdjbpagksprnjksns asbstkdjbagks y gas ùas ck prjtbja jgdbja$

Ksta @ua rkqubkrk ck uda rkvbsbd pkrbcbja' pnstkrbnr a su bopgkokdtajbd'ajnrck jnd gns avadjks y.n jaoibns kpbckobng`bjns' jbkdtfbjns' tkjdng`bjns ydnroatbvns$ Zk rkjnobkdca kd uda prbokra fask kvaguar su kfkjtbvbcac kd cbfkrkdtkskspajbns ck atkdjbd y kd gns cbfkrkdtks `rupns ck kcac y : ans ckspus ck sukvaguajbd bdbjbag' rkagbzar uda rkkvaguajbd ck ga obsoa para bdtrncujbr gns amustkspkrtbdkdtks$


20/88


21/88

JAXS[GN 1

@[A CK XYJSBJA JGDBJA XAYA KG CBA@DZSBJN'XYKVKDJBD R SYASAOBKDSN CK GA

KDFKYOKCAC @BD@BVAG

1$1 KUAOKD R CBA@DZSBJN XKYBNCNDSAG

A jndtbduajbd ustkc kdjndtrar gas rkspukstas a gas prkùdtas os frkjukdtksquk ud ncndtgn`n sk eajk kd ga jndsugta juadcn tbkdk quk kvaguar y tratar pajbkdtksjnd kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag y kd partbjugar a pajbkdtks jnd kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag

asnjbaca a pgaja$

1$1$1 JONBCKDSBFBJAYXAJBKDSKZXKYBNCNDSAGOKDSKAFKJSACNZ>

Xara ga vagnrajbd ck ga jndcbjbd pkrbncndtag' ustkc apgbjar kg dcbjk jnoudbtarbnck dkjksbcac ck trataobkdtn pkrbncndtag %BJDSX" %Abdaon y jng$ 155;"' okcbadtk udkxaokd prjtbjn quk ea ckonstracn su kfbjbkdjba kd gns skrvbjbns ck saguc' ya qukdn sgn vagnra ga jndcbjbd pkrbncndtag sbdn gas dkjksbcacks ck trataobkdtn y garkfkrkdjba ck ajukrcn jnd ga jnopgkmbcac ck jaca jasn$

Zbà gns pasns bdcbjacns a jndtbduajbd para rkagbzar kg kxaokd$1" Zbkdtk ag pajbkdtk kd ga udbcac y jngnquk a su cbspnsbjbd kg bdstruokdtag isbjn

bdjguykdcn ga sndca PEN JX11 %sndca ck ga Nràdbzajbd Oudcbag ck gaZaguc"$

9" Adtks ckg kxaokd bckdtbfbquk gas oarjas kstaigkjbcas kd kg bdstruokdtn$:" [stkc va a niskrvar gns sbùbkdtks bdcbjacnrks kd su pajbkdtk=

a" Zad`racn @bd`bvagi" Jgjugns supra y.n sui`bd`bvagks$

j" Ingsas pkrbncndtagks/ suicbvbcbcas kd supkrfbjbagks %8/ :$; oo"' onckracas%:$; ;$;oo" y prnfudcas %4;$; oo "$


22/88

99


3" Cbvbca ga inja kd 6 skxtadtks< udn adtkrbnr y cns pnstkrbnrks kd jaca arjn$ Gns

skxtadtks sk gbobtad as= 10/13' 1:/9:' 93/90' :0/:3' ::/3:' y 33/30$ Ykjukrck

quk ustkc ckikr kxaobdar tncns gns cbkdtks kd jaca skxtadtk$;" [stkc va a cktkjtar ga prkskdjba ck sad`racn' jgjugns y ingsas kd tncns gns

cbkdtks prkskdtks y va a ksjn`kr jnon cbkdtk dcbjk ck jaca skxtadtk kg quk

prkskdtk gas pknrks jndcbjbndks pkrbncndtagks$ Snok ga sndca y eaà kg kxaokd

ck jaca cbkdtk para jaca skxtadtk$ Ykjukrck quk ckik kspkrar 98 skùdcns para

vkrbfbjar ga prkskdjba ck sad`racn adtks ck cktkrobdar kg rk`bstrn para jaca skxtadtk$

6" Yk`bstrk kd kg fnroatn jnrrkspndcbkdtk kg catn os agtn y asb`dk kg jcb n ck

jndcbjbd pkrbncndtag sbùbkdcn gns sbùbkdtks paroktrns$ %vkr fbùra 1"

/ Jcb`n 8= $Ingsas ck 7:$; oo ck prnfudcbcac sbd jgjugn db sad`racn ag sndcamk$

/ Jcb n 1= Ingsas ck 7 :$; oo ck prnfudcbcac sbd jgjugns prkskdtks pkrn

jnd sad`racn ag sndcamk$

/ Jcb`n 9= Ingsas 7 :$; oo ck prnfudcbcac jnd jgjugns prkskdtks$

/ Jcb`n := Ingsas :$; ;$; oo ck prnfudcbcac$

/ Jcb`n 3= Ingsas 4 ;$; oo ck prnfudcbcac$

Vaya a ga ebstnrba jgdbja y ksjrbia gns jcb`ns ck jndcbjbd pkrbncndtag asb`dacns

para jaca skxtadtk$

BJDSX

Fbùra 1$ Jcb`ns sk`d jndcbjbd pkrbncndtag y dkjksbcacks ck tkrapba pkrbncndtag

%BJDSX"

Jncb`n 1

Jncb`n 9

Jncb`n 8

Jncb`n :

Ingsas 7 :'; ooZbd ekonrra`ba

Ingsas 7 :'; ooJnd ekonrra`ba

Ingsas 7 :'; oo

Jnd ekonrra`baJnd

Ingsas :'; ;'; oo

Ingsas 4 ;'; oo

SD 8

Bdstrujjbd eb`bkdk nrag

SD 1

Cktartramk

Jncb`n 3

SD 9

SD : YKFKYKDJBA

Juacradtks jncb`n9

] 819

L 8;1

L 8;1

L 8;:

Zbd Jagjugns

Zbd Jagjugns

Jagjugns

DS

DS

DS

DS

DS


23/88


9:

Zk`d gns rksugtacns ck gns jcb`ns ck jndcbjbd pkrbncndtag' enongnùk kg

rksugtacn jnd kg jcb`n jnrrkspndcbkdtk ag ck ga Jgasbfbjajbd Bdtkrdajbndag ck

Kdfkrokcacks %JBK 18" ck ga sbùbkdtk oadkra=

Jcb`n 8= ] 819 %acugtn" ] 069 %dbn"

Jcb`n 1= L 8;1Jcb`n 9= L 8;1

Jcb`n := L 8;:

Jcb`n 3= L 8;:

Vaya a ga ebstnrba jgdbja y kd ga skjjbd ck Cba`dstbjn rk`bstrk kg cba`dstbjn

os skvkrn quk ustkc eaya bckdtbfbjacn kd su pajbkdtk$ Kstn qubkrk ckjbr quk sb

ustkc kdjndtr `bd`bvbtbs kd agùda znda ck ga javbcac nrag ck su pajbkdtk y kd ntra

kdjndtr pkrbncndtbtbs' ckik ksjrbibr kstk gtbon$ Zb kxbstkd cns n os cba`dstbjns

dn rkgajbndacns cbrkjtaokdtk' rk`strkgns tncns %kmkopgn= bd`bvbtbs ugjkrndkjrntbzadtky pkrbncndtbtbs"$ Ck bùag oadkra' ckik ksjrbibr kg jcb`n JBK 18' sk`d sus eaggaz`ns

jgdbjns' bdjgubcn kg jcb`n ck jndcbjbd pkrbncndtag nitkdbcn pnr kg BDSXJ$

Dnta= Xara gas sbùbkdtks sbtuajbndks jgdbjas dn eaà kg kxaokd jnd sndcamk Ck 1 a 9' ck 9 a 3' ck 3 a 6'os ck 6$ Dn ikik$

1$1$9$9 Fajtnrks Ibng`bjns

Ebstnrba ck kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag kd ga faobgba= Bdcaùk a su pajbkdtk sb kdsu faobgba agùbkd ea sufrbcn ck afgnmaobkdtn ck gns cbkdtks' qubd> Eajk judtn>y sb ea pkrcbcn gns cbkdtks tkopradaokdtk pnr jausa ck ksk afgnmaobkdtn$

Kstacn sbstobjn= Zk jndsbckra rbks`n para kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag juadcn gakdtbcac sbstobja prkskdtk kst rkgajbndaca jnd ga kdfkrokcac= Kd `bd`bvbtbsbdcujbcas pnr pgaja iajtkrbada kdjndtraons gas asnjbacas ag sbstkoa kdcnjrbdn%cbaiktks' koiarazn"< asnjbacas a cbsjrasbas sadùdkas %gkujkoba' ekonfbgba"

Ck ajukrcn jnd gns catns kpbckobng`bjns para In`nt' ud 08 + ck ga pnigajbd

kst ckdtrn ck gns DS 8' 1 y 9$ Zbd koiar`n' ud rupn ck ga pnigajbd prkskdta ingsaspkrbncndtagks jnd dkjksbcacks ck trataobkdtn quk ckikd skr atkdcbcas pnr ud rkjursneuoadn ck oaynr kdtrkdaobkdtn$ Ck ajukrcn jnd gn adtkrbnr' ustkc ckikr rkobtbr agns sbùbkdtks pajbkdtks a gns skrvbjbns kspkjbagbzacns jnd quk jukdta ga Ykc Cbstrbtag$Km$ Enspbtag Zbod Ingvar$ Ykjukrck quk a kstns pajbkdtks sk gks ckik eajkr cba`dstbjn'trataobkdtn ck ur`kdjba k bdfnroajbd' ontbvajbd y kcujajbd kd saguc y cktartramk

ck gns skxtadtks sbd afkjjbd ck ingsas' adtks ck rkobtbrgns$

Gns pajbkdtks quk aokrbtad rkobsbd snd=

Gns pajbkdtks jnd cba`dstbjn ck pkrbncndtbtbs %DS :" n aqukggns jndkdfkrokcac `bd`bvag n pkrbncndtag jnd jnoprnobsn sbstobjn tagks jnon

kdfkrokcac jarcbnvasjugar' kdfkrokcac rkdag' koiarazn ck agtn rbks`n'

pajbkdtks jnd cbsjrasbas sadùdkas' ZBCA y cbaitbjns tbpn B y BB dn jndtrngacns$

Xajbkdtks jnd kstacns aùcns `bd`bvagks y aqukggns quk prkskdtkda`radcaobkdtns `bd`bvagks asnjbacns a okcbjaokdtns n ck nrb`kd `kdtbjn$A`radcaobkdtns bd`bvagks asnjbacns a pgaja pncrd skr rkobtbcns sngn ckspusck tkrobdaca kg cktartramk y rkagbzaca ga rkkvaguajbd$

1$9 SYASAOBKDSN CK GA KDFKYOKCAC @BD@BVAG

AZNJBACA A XGAJA

Ga prkskdtk skjjbd tbkdk jnon nimktbvn bdtrncujbr a gns ncndtgn`ns y auxbgbarks

ck eb`bkdk nrag kd kg trataobkdtn ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag$

Kstk prnjkcbobkdtn quk tbkdk jnon nimktbvn kg jndtrng ck gns fajtnrks

ktbng`bjns' fajtnrks ck rbks`n y fajtnrks a`ravadtks ck ga kdfkrokcac' ckikr skr

rkagbzacn kd ud oxbon ck cns sksbndks ck 98 obdutns jaca uda$

Zk ea cbsjutbcn jug ckik skr ga jnopktkdjba tkraputbja ck ga kdfkrokcac`bd`bvag para kg ncndtgn`n `kdkrag y ks jgarn quk ga iukda kmkjujbd ck ga tkrapba


31/88


:1

isbja' gk pkrobtbr tratar ga oaynra ck gns jasns afkjtacns jnd kdfkrokcac bd`bvag

asnjbaca a pgaja quk jnrrkspndckd a ga afkjjbd oas frkjukdtk kd ga pnigajbd$

1$9$1 KDQ[NYCKDZKCKIKDGGKVAYAJAINGNZXYNJKCBOBKDSNZXAYA

KGSYASAOBKDSNCKGAKDFKYOKCAC@BD@BVAG>

Gns ncndtgn`ns ckikrd cksarrnggar ud prntnjngn ck fask eb`bdbja quk

jnoprkdck=

Bdfnroajbd ag pajbkdtk

Ckonstrajbd ckg jndtrng ck pgaja prkskdtk

Kvaguajbd ck ga tjdbja ck jkpbggacn y usn ck ga skca ckdtag

Oncbfbjajbd ck tjdbjas

Jkpbggacn ckdtag

Sjdbjas ackjuacas ck eb`bkdk dtkr prnxboag

Jndtrng ck fajtnrks ck rbks`n

Cktartramk

Ykkvaguajbd y jndtrng ck pgaja

Ckjbsbd ck ga tkrapba ck oadtkdbobkdtn


32/88

:9


Fb`ura$ 9 Fgumn`raoa ck prnjkcbobkdtns para kg trataobkdtn ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag

BDFNYOAJBD AG XAJBKDSK

CKONZSYAJBD

KVAG[AJBD SJDBJA

JKXBGGACN R ZKCA CKDSAG

ONCBFBJAJBND CK SKJDBJAZ CK

EB@BKDK NYAG

YKKVAG[AJBD

XYNJKCBOBKDSNZ XAYA KG SYASAOBKDSN CK GA KDFKYOKCAC @BD@BVAG

CKSAYSYAMK

JNDSYNG CK FAJSNYKZ CK YBKZ@N

CKJBZBD CK SKYAXBA CK

OADSKDBOBKDSN

1$9$9 JON JYKAYEIBSNZ ACKJ[ACNZCKEB@BKDKNYAG KD GNZ

XAJBKDSKZ>

Xara jrkar eibtns ackjuacns ck eb`bkdk nrag pnr partk ck gns pajbkdtks kg

ncndtgn`n y ga auxbgbar ck eb`bkdk nrag ckikrd car uda bdfnroajbd ackjuaca ag

pajbkdtk as jnon niskrvar su ckskopkn' ckonstrar krrnrks y jnrrk`br kd uda

sksbd kcujatbva quk ckik ggkvarsk tkdbkdcn kd jukdta gas sb`ubkdtks ajtbvbcacks=


33/88


::

ZKZBD D 1 / 98 obdutns

Bdfnroajbd ag pajbkdtkBdfnrok a su pajbkdtk ga boprksbd cba`dstbja a ga quk ustkc ggk` ckspus ckrkagbzar su ebstnrba jgdbja jnd ud gkdùamk skdjbggn para quk g jnoprkdca$ Kxpgqukgkga bopnrtadjba ck ksta jbta y ga oadkra jnon ustkc va a kvaguar ga prkskdjba ck pgajackdtag kd su inja adtks ck tnoar kg dcbjk ck pgaja ck Ngkary$ Zb ustkc va a ckgkàrksta sksbd ag pkrsndag auxbgbar kxpgqukgk kd ga sksbd adtkrbnr gn quk sk va a eajkr'qubd gn ear y pcagk quk trabà gns kgkokdtns quk usa para su eb`bkdk nrag a kstasksbd$

Ckonstrajbd ckg jndtrng ck pgaja prkskdtk y kvaguajbd ck ga tjdbja ckjkpbggacn

Zu pajbkdtk ckik trakr su jkpbggn ck cbkdtks' ga skca ckdtag n ud adgn`n paraga kvaguajbd ck gas tjdbjas ck eb`bkdk nrag$ Ykvbsk kg kstacn ckg jkpbggn y prkùdtksnirk kg tbkopn para rkjaoibn y gns jubcacns quk tbkdk para su eb`bkdk y skjacn yeaà gas jnrrkjjbndks dkjksarbas$ Jngnquk sngujbd rkvkgacnra ck pgaja snirk tncasgas supkrfbjbks ckdtagks %Dn utbgbjk pastbggas rkvkgacnras"$Jngnquk udas ntas snirkga gkdùa y eaà quk kg pajbkdtk ggkvk ga sngujbd kd gas supkrfbjbks gbdùagks$ Ckmkga sngujbd pnr :8 skùdcns y gavk a prksbd jnd ga mkrbdà trbpgk easta quk skcksprkdca gn quk dn kst acekrbcn a ga supkrfbjbk$ [stkc ckikr ckonstrar agpajbkdtk ga prkskdjba ck pgaja jnd ud kspkmn kd gas cbfkrkdtks rkas ck ga inja$Xbca a su pajbkdtk quk sk jkpbggk jnon gn eajk dnroagokdtk' obkdtras g gn eajk'kvagk kg patrd ousjugar' tbpn ck tjdbja' nrckd y rkas quk ckma sbd jkpbggar$Obkdtras niskrva tkdà kd jukdta gns sbùbkdtks aspkjtns=

Xatrd ousjugar Z DN

Xatrd ousjugar ruksn ^^^^^ ^^^^^ Xatrd ousjugar fbdn ^^^^^ ^^^^^ Jnoibdacn ^^^^^ ^^^^^

Sbpn ck tjdbja= Z DNIarrbcn ^^^^^ ^^^^^ Enrbzndtag ^^^^^ ^^^^^ Yntajbndag ^^^^^ ^^^^^

Ntra' jug>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


34/88

:3


Zb su pajbkdtk tbkdk uda tjdbja ck jkpbggacn enrbzndtag n rntajbndag kvagk ga

kcac' sb kg pajbkdtk kst pnr kdjboa ck gns 5 ans ya pukck cksarrnggar ontrbjbcac

fbda$ Vagnrk su japajbcac para cksarrnggar tjdbja ck iarrbcn$ Kd acugtns kvagk sbkg pajbkdtk tbkdk rktrajjbndks bd`bvagks asnjbacas a trauoa ck jkpbggacn oustrkgas

y kxpgqukgk quk kstas kstd rkgajbndacas jnd ga fnroa jnon sk jkpbgga< ksn gn

ontbvar a jaoibar su tjdbja ck jkpbggacn$ Kd dbns okdnrks ck 5 ans pukck

ckmar tjdbjas rntajbndagks easta quk cksarrnggkd su ontrbjbcac fbda y pukcad

cksarrnggar tjdbjas ck iarrbcn$

Nrckd ckg jkpbggacn=

Niskrvk ga skjukdjba ck nrckd ck jkpbggacn ck su pajbkdtk' y rk`strkgn kd ga

taiga duokradcn kg prbokr skxtadtk jkpbggacn jnd kg dokrn 1$ Zbà duokradcn

skjukdjbagokdtk y eaà dfasbs kd gas rkas quk ckma sbd jkpbggar onstradcn ga

pgaja iajtkrbada quk ea qukcacn oarjaca jnd kg rkvkgacnr$

Kmkopgn

Jnon sk niskrva eay ud nrckd bdackjuacn y varbas zndas sbd jkpbggar quk

ckikd skr jnrrk`bcas$

Oncbfbjajbndks ag jkpbggacn=Eaà gas bdcbjajbndks dkjksarbas kd kg jkpbggacn para gn`rar uda jnrrkjta

rkonjbd ck pgaja pnr kg pajbkdtk$ Ckoustrkgk gk tjdbja cbrkjtaokdtk kd ga

inja y eaà jkpbggar ag pajbkdtk jnd gas oncbfbjajbndks$ Ykjukrck bdfnroargk quk

ckik kstar atkdtn a gns jaoibns ag jkpbggarsk para jrkar ud dukvn eibtn$

Eb`bkdk prnxboag=

Ckspus ckg jkpbggacn oustrkgk a su pajbkdtk ga pgaja tkbca kd gas rkas dtkr

prnxboagks< kxpgqukgk quk a pksar ckg jkpbggacn ga pgaja bdtkrprnxboag dn sk kgbobda

y quk ks dkjksarba ga utbgbzajbd ck ga skca ckdtag para rktbrarga$ Kvagk sb ga tjdbjautbgbzaca pnr kg pajbkdtk ks jnrrkjta' kxpgbquk sb dn gn ks y kdtrdkgn ackjuacaokdtk$

Saiga ;$ Ksqukoa ck skjukdjba ck nrckd ck jkpbggacn$

XYBOKYZKUSADSK%10/13"

ZK@[DCNZKUSADSK%1:/9:"

SKYJKYZKUSADSK%93/90"

J[AYSNZKUSADSK%:0/:3"

Q[BDSNZKUSADSK%::/3:"

ZKUSNZKUSADSK%33/30"

VKZSBI[GAY 1 0 9 : 5 3GBD@[AG

; /////////// /////////// ////////// ///////// 6


35/88


:;

Juadcn kdskk kg usn ck skca ckdtag eaà ga ckonstrajbd kd cbkdtks adtkrbnrks yprbokrns ongarks supkrbnrks k bdfkrbnrks< niskrvk oadkmn ck ckcns' apnyns'

acnsaobkdtn ck ga skca a gns cbkdtks' onvbobkdtns ck vabvd$Ykvbsk ga prkskdjba ck kspajbns dtkr prnxboagks aibkrtns y ga prkskdjba ckprtksbs fbma k bdcbquk agùda ayuca dtkr prnxboag k bdcqukgk su usn$ Kd dbnsoaynrks ck 5 ans vagnrk su japajbcac ontrbz para kg usn ck skca ckdtag< ks pnsbigkquk rkqubkra uda bdstrujjbd pasn a pasn kopkzadcn pnr ud kdtrkdaobkdtn ck suusn kd gns cbkdtks adtkrbnrks$ Adntk kd ga ebstnrba su prn`rksn kd gas cbfkrkdtksjbtas ck jndtrng$ Vagnrk kg rbks`n a jarbks y ga dkjksbcac ck ud rkkdtrkdaobkdtn kdjbtas ck oaynr frkjukdjba$ Ykjukrck quk kg rbks`n a jarbks prnxboag auokdta ckspusck ga krupjbd ck gns jadbdns pkroadkdtks juadcn sk jbkrrad gns kspajbnsprnxboagks$ Ckspus ck gns 19 ans gns dbns dkjksbtad skr kdtrkdacns kd kg usnck skca ckdtag kd tnca su inja$

ZKZBD D 9 98 obdutns

1$9$: JON BDSKYVKDBY GNZ FAJSNYKZCK YBKZ@N AZNJBACNZA GA

KDFKYOKCACXKYBNCNDSAG>

[stkc ckik prnpnrjbndar ga bdfnroajbd dkjksarba a tncns gns pajbkdtksbdjgubcns gns pajbkdtks jnd DS : adtks ck eajkr ga rkobsbd$ [stkc ckik kxpgbjarga bopnrtadjba ck jaca fajtnr ck rbks`n agtkracn para jaca pajbkdtk' jnd kg fbd ckùbargn snirk ga bopnrtadjba ck su jndtrng para gn`rar ud ptbon kstacn ck sagucpkrbncndtag$ Ga bdfnroajbd ckik jndtkdkr gns sbùbkdtks pudtns=1$ Qu ks ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag9$ Jug ks kg fajtnr jausag ck ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag:$ Jon kg fajtnr ck rbks`n %para jaca rbks`n prkskdtk kd kg pajbkdtk" pukck

pntkdjbar n a`ravar ga ajjbd ck ga pgaja n kopknrar gns sb`dns jgdbjns3$ Jon sk pukck jndtrngar kg fajtnr ck rbks`n prkskdtk y.n bdfnrok a su pajbkdtk

ga dkjksbcac ck rkfkrkdjba a ud skrvbjbn ck oaynr jnopgkmbcac$

Vaya a ga partk fbdag ck ksta ua cndck sk bgustra jon sk pukckd bdtkrvkdbr gnsrbks`ns agtkracns kd su pajbkdtk$ Eaà gas dtkrjndsugtas n ùkgn a gns `rupns nskrvbjbns ck apnyn jnd quk jukdta ga rkc$ D[DJA CKGK@[K KZSA FAZKCK BDFNYOAJBD AG XKYZNDAG A[UBGBAY$


36/88

:6


1$9$3 Q[ XYNJKCBOBKDSNZ ZKCKIKD ACKGADSAY XAYA SYASAY GA

KDFKYOKCAC@BD@BVAG>

CktartramkKstk prnjkcbobkdtn sgn sk rkagbzar a gns skxtadtks jnd DS 9$ Ykjukrck quk

gns skxtadtks jnd jcb`ns : y 3 ckikd rkjbibr atkdjbd kspkjbagbzaca ya quk kgtrataobkdtn bdjguyk agbsacn racbjugar y.n jbruà pkrbncndtag$

Xara ggkvar a jain ga bdstruokdtajbd pkrbncndtag ustkc ckikr jndtar jnd kgsbùbkdtk bdstruokdtag Kspkmn iujag Zndca PEN %JX 11" Jurkta [dbvkrsag Oj Jagg 1:/13' 10/15

Jnguoiba 1:/13 s Xudta ck ugtrasndbcn Xbkcra ck afbgar Ajkbtk obdkrag

Cbvbca ga inja kd 6 skxtadtks y sbà kg nrckd pnr skxtadtks ck ajukrcn jnd kgksqukoa

prbokrskxtadtk%10/13"

skùdcnskxtadtk%1:/9:"

tkrjkrskxtadtk%93/90"

juartnskxtadtk%:0/:3"

qubdtnskxtadtk%::/3:"

skxtnskxtadtk%33/30"

Saiga 6$ Ksqukoa ck cbvbsbd pnr skxtadtks para trataobkdtn pkrbncndtag$

Xara jaca skxtadtk rkvbsk jubcacnsaokdtk gas sbùbkdtks sbtuajbndks adtks ckbdbjbar ga bdstruokdtajbd

Ykvbsk gns cbkdtks jnd jgjugns$

Zbà gas sbùbkdtks rkjnokdcajbndks Zb jukdta jnd ud ugtrasndbcn rktbrk gns jgjugns$ Zb dn' eàgn jnd jurktas$ Kgbobdk jgjugns kd jaca sbtbn [da vkz tkrobdacn kg cktartramk eaà ud pugbcn jnrndag' sgn sb kg pajbkdtk

prkskdta pbòkdtajbndks kxtrdskjas$


37/88


:0

1$9$; JON OADKMAY GAZ KDSBCACKZ @BD@BVAGKZQ[K AOKYBSADSYASAOBKDSNCK[Y@KDJBA>

Kxbstkd ag`udas sbtuajbndks jgdbjas quk aokrbtad trataobkdtn ck ur`kdjba$

A jndtbduajbd sk prkskdtad gas os frkjukdtks= Aisjksn `bd`bvag Aisjksn pkrbncndtag @bd`bvnkstnoatbtbs ekrptbja prboarba @bd`bvbtbs ugjkrndkjrntbzadtk %@[D"

Aisjksn `bd`bvag=Zb`dns jgdbjns

rka fgujtuadtk kd kg tkmbcn `bd`bvag Fstuga Auskdjba ck ingsa pkrbncndtag Ebstnrba ck trauoa jnd jukrpn kxtran Km$ Kspbda ck pksjacnSrataobkdtn

Crkdamk pnr fstuga Kgbobdajbd ck jukrpn kxtran Jndtrng

Aisjksn pkrbncndtag=

Zb`dns jgdbjns

rka fgujtuadtk kd kg tkmbcn `bd`bvag Fstuga Xrkskdjba ck ingsa pkrbncndtag

Srataobkdtn

Crkdamk pnr ingsa Yaspamk y agbsacn racbjugar Adag`sbjns Jndtrng Ykobsbd a kspkjbagbsta

Kd jasn ck quk ud aisjksn ck nrb`kd pkrbncndtag sk eaya kxtkdcbcn a kspajbnsapndkurtbjns ckik tratarsk jnon ud aisjksn nrnfajbag$


38/88

:5


@bd`bvnkstnoatbtbs ekrptbja prboarba=

Zb`dns jgdbjns

Cngnr Fbkirk Ackdnpatas suioadcbiugarks Xgajas y ugjkras kd ga kdja y oujnsa nrag

Srataobkdtn

Adag`sbjns Ebcratajbd pnr va nrag Kdmua`uks jnd adtbdfgaoatnrbns y adkstsbjns Jndtrng

@bd`bvbtbs ugjkrndkjrntbzadtk @[D=

Zb`dns jgdbjns

[gjkrajbd ckg vrtbjk ck gas papbgas Ekonrra`ba `bd`bvag y cngnr$

Kxbstkd sb`dns skjudcarbns gns juagks dn snd bdcbspkdsaigks para su cba`dstbjn'pkrn juya prkskdjba ayuca a su jndfbroajbd=

eagbtnsbs fbkirk oagkstar `kdkrag gbdfnackdnpatbas prkskdjba ck skucn okoiradas

Srataobkdtn

Kgbobdajbd ck pgaja igadca y jgjugns kd gas rkas afkjtacas Adag`sbjns Ebcratajbd pnr va nrag Kdmua`uks jnd adtbpgajas Jndtrng Ykobsbd a kspkjbagbsta


39/88


:2

1$: YKKVAG[AJBD R FAZK CK OADSKDBOBKDSNR JNDSYNG

1$:$1 J[GCKIKZKYGAFYKJ[KDJBACKJNDSYNGCK[DXAJBKDSKSYASACNXNYKDFKYOKCAC@BD@BVAG>

Ga rkkvaguajbd sk rkagbzar ag tkrobdar kg trataobkdtn bdtk`rag kd pajbkdtksjnd cba`dstbjn ck kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag asnjbaca a pgaja$

Kd ga jbta ck rkkvaguajbd bdcaùk snirk gns jaoibns rkagbzacns pnr kg pajbkdtkpara jndtrngar gns fajtnrks ck rbks`n$ Ykagbjk kxaokd vbsuag y adntk kd ga ebstnrba gnsjaoibns nitkdbcns$ Kstaigkzja judcn sk jbtar ag pajbkdtk a ga fask ck oadtkdbobkdtn'

ck ajukrcn jnd gns fajtnrks ck rbks`n' sbùbkdcn kg sbùbkdtk prntnjngn=

Xajbkdtks ck iamn rbks`n$ Jndtrng aduag Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag jndtrngaca Auskdjba ck ntrns rbks`ns agtkracns Iukda ontbvajbd a ga eb`bkdk nrag$

Xajbkdtks jnd rbks`n onckracn$ Jndtrng skokstrag

Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag jndtrngaca Xrkskdjba ck ntrns rbks`ns agtkracns sbd jndtrng %taiaqubson' agjneng'okcbjaokdtns quk bdcujkd jaoibns `bd`bvagks' ebstnrba ck kdfkrokcacpkrbncndtag kd ga faobgba"

Iukda ontbvajbd a ga eb`bkdk nrag

Xajbkdtks jnd rbks`n agtn$ Jndtrng trbokstrag Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag dn jndtrngaca

Xrkskdjba ck ntrns rbks`ns agtkracns sbd jndtrng %taiaqubson' agjneng'okcbjaokdtns quk bdcujkd jaoibns `bd`bvagks' ebstnrba ck kdfkrokcacpkrbncndtag kd ga faobgba"

Iama ontbvajbd a ga eb`bkdk nrag Xajbkdtk @kstadtk sbd jndtrng jnopgktn ck sb`dns bdfgaoatnrbns Xajbkdtk jnd ZBCA Xajbkdtk Cbaitbjn dn jndtrngacn


40/88

38


1$:$9 JONZKCKIKOADKMAYAGAO[MKY@KZSADSK>

Kg trataobkdtn pkrbncndtag kd ga oumkr kstadtk ea sbcn kvaguacn kd gns gtbons

ans kd rkgajbd jnd kg tbkopn ck kstajbd bdcbjacn para su bdtkrvkdjbd$ Audqukgns prnjkcbobkdtns dn cbfbkrkd ck ud trataobkdtn jndvkdjbndag' ustkc ckik tkdkrkd jukdta gas sbùbkdtks bdcbjajbndks=

Vkrbfbquk kg tbkopn `kstajbndag Xukck bdbjbar jbtas ck kcujajbd kd eb bkdk nrag y cktartramk supra`bd`bvag y

sui`bd`bvag cksck kg bdbjbn ckg koiarazn$ Zb ga pajbkdtk rkfbkrk quk su kstacn ea prkskdtacn jnopgbjajbndks kd kg

prbokr trbokstrk' rkotaga a ud skrvbjbn kspkjbagbzacn para ga atkdjbd kdpkrbncndjba$ Ykjukrck ga bopnrtadjba ckg jndtrng ck ga bdfgaoajbd `bd`bvag curadtk kg

koiarazn y ga dkjksbcac ck ud jndtrng pkrbcbjn kd kstas pajbkdtks$ Zb gapajbkdtk rkobtk sb`dns jgdbjns bdfgaoatnrbns' jtkga a jndtrng ag prbdjbpbnckg gtbon trbokstrk' sb dn rkvbkrtk sb`dns jgdbjns bdfgaoatnrbns' oadtdàgakd jndtrng trbokstrag$

1$:$: J[GKZXYNJKCBOBKDSNZZKCKIKDYKAGB]AYC[YADSKKGJNDSYNGCKZK@[BOBKDSN>

Snok dukvaokdtk kg dcbjk BJDSX y jatagnùk ag pajbkdtk kd su dkjksbcac ckatkdjbd jnon gn ebzn kd ga sksbd ck bd`rksn$

Xara pajbkdtks jnd DS 1 n DS 9 bdbjbk kg ksqukoa quk rkagbz kd ga fask bdbjbagsbùbkdcn gns sbùbkdtks pasns$

1$ Snok kg dcbjk ck pgaja y adntk su pnrjkdtamk kd ga ebstnrba$

9$ Eaà ckonstrajbd ckg jndtrng ag pajbkdtk jnd ud kspkmn k bdcqukgk gnsjaoibns pnsbtbvns kdjndtracns jnd rkspkjtn ag prbokr jndtrng n kd jasn ckauokdtn ckg dcbjk bdfrokgk ag pajbkdtk$

:$ Bdcaùk pnr gns jaoibns nitkdbcns pnr kg pajbkdtk kd sus rbks`ns agtkracnsy adtkgns kd ga ebstnrba jgdbja$ Zb dn eay oncbfbjajbd' rkfukrjk kstk aspkjtnkd kg pajbkdtk$

3$ Bdbjbk fask ck oadtkdbobkdtn kd ga obsoa jbta' rkagbzadcn cktartramk supra ysui`bd`bvag kd uda sksbd$

;$ Ck ajukrcn jnd ga kvngujbd ckg pajbkdtk' jtkgn dukvaokdtk tkdbkdcn kdjukdta kg sbùbkdtk ksqukoa=


41/88


31

Xajbkdtks ck iamn rbks`n$ Jndtrng aduag Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag jndtrngaca

Auskdjba ck ntrns rbks`ns agtkracns Iukda ontbvajbd a ga eb`bkdk nrag

Xajbkdtks jnd rbks`n onckracn$ Jndtrng skokstrag Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag jndtrngaca Xrkskdjba ck ntrns rbks`ns agtkracns sbd jndtrng %taiaqubson' agjneng'

okcbjaokdtns quk bdcujkd jaoibns `bd`bvagks' ebstnrba ck kdfkrokcacpkrbncndtag kd ga faobgba"

Iukda ontbvajbd a ga eb`bkdk nrag

Xajbkdtks jnd rbks`n agtn$ Jndtrng trbokstrag Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag dn jndtrngaca Xrkskdjba ck ntrns rbks`ns agtkracns sbd jndtrng %taiaqubson' agjneng'

okcbjaokdtns quk bdcujkd jaoibns `bd`bvagks' ebstnrba ck kdfkrokcacpkrbncndtag kd ga faobgba"

Iama ontbvajbd a ga eb`bkdk nrag Xajbkdtk @kstadtk sbd jndtrng jnopgktn ck sb`dns bdfgaoatnrbns

Xajbkdtk jnd ZBCA Xajbkdtk Cbaitbjn dn jndtrngacn


42/88


43/88

JAXS[GN 9

ZNXNYSK SKOSBJN CK GA @[A CK ASKDJBDXAYA KUAOKD' CBA@DZSBJN R SYASAOBKDSN

CK GA KDFKYOKCAC @BD@BVAG

9$1 OAYJN DNYOASBVN

Kd rkgajbd jnd ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag' kg oarjn dnroatbvn kst iasacnkd ga Yksngujbd 319 ck 9888 Dnroas Sjdbjas y @uas ck Atkdjbd kd Zaguc'cndck sk cad gas pautas ck trataobkdtn para kstaigkjkr dnroas para kg cksarrnggnck ajtbvbcacks prkvkdtbvas quk pkrobtkd gbobtar kg can' okmnrar gas jndcbjbndks

ck saguc iujn ckdtag y oadtkdkr gns dbvkgks ck saguc' ya quk ga patngnà pkrbncndtagks uda kdfkrokcac prkvkdbigk$Saoibd sk tbkdk kd jukdta quk kg Ajukrcn 110 ck 1225 bdjguyk ga atkdjbd

prkvkdtbva kd saguc iujag jnon uda ajtbvbcac ck nigbàtnrbn juopgbobkdtn$Ag obson tbkopn' ga rksngujbd 152; ck 9888 acnpta ga jncbfbjajbd ck

onribgbcac kd Jngnoiba' pnr okcbn ck ga jgasbfbjajbd Kstacstbja Bdtkrdajbndagck Kdfkrokcacks %JBK/18" y prnigkoas rkgajbndacns jnd ga saguc kd su cjboarkvbsbd$

Ga rksngujbd ::03 ck 9888' cndck sk acnpta kg rk`bstrn Bdcbvbcuag ck prkstajbdck skrvbjbns ck Zaguc %YBXZ"' jnd gn juag sk rkagbza ondbtnrkn a ga onribgbcac kdJngnoiba$

Ga rksngujbd 122; ck 1222' cndck sk acnpta kg iukd cbgb`kdjbaobkdtn ck gaebstnrba jgdbja$

9$9 KXBCKOBNGN@ACKGAKDFKYOKCAC@BD@BVAG

Ga kpbckobngnà ks kg kstucbn ck ga cbstrbiujbd y gns cktkrobdadtks ck gnssujksns y kstacns rkgajbndacns jnd ga saguc kd pnigajbndks cktkrobdacas y gaapgbjajbd ck cbjen kstucbn para okmnrar gas jndcbjbndks ck saguc$ Oartdkz Davarrn

y jng$1225$ Ck ksta oadkra' ga kpbckobngnà iusja cksjuirbr rupns ck bdcbvbcuns


44/88

33


kd agtn y iamn rbks`n y cktkrobdar gas tkdckdjbas ck gns patrndks ck ga kdfkrokcacy kvaguar ga jausagbcac$

Kd 1220 kg Obdbstkrbn Dajbndag ck Zaguc cbn bdbjbn ag tkrjkr Kstucbn Dajbndagck Zaguc iujag KDZAI BBB' jnd kg nimktbvn ck kvaguar gas jndcbjbndks ck saguciujag ck ga pnigajbd y gns agjadjks nitkdbcns kd oatkrba ck prkvkdjbd ykcujajbd$

Xara vagnrar kg kstacn bd`bvag y gas dkjksbcacks ck trataobkdtn sk utbgbz kg BJDSX$Kg jnopnrtaobkdtn ck gns oarjacnrks bdfgaoatnrbns para In`nt onstr quk sgnud ; + ck ga pnigajbd prkskdt ud kstacn ck saguc bd`bvag< para kg racn 1 kg 5$3+ck ga pnigajbd prkskdt sad`racn jnon dbjn sb`dn bdfgaoatnrbn y ud ;5$3+prkskdt jgjugn y sad`racn ag kxaokd$ Gns `racns : y 3 jarajtkrbzacns pnr gaprkskdjba ck ingsas jnrrkspndcbkrnd ag 90$9+ y 9$2+ rkspkjtbvaokdtk$ Ck kstaoadkra' ga bdstrujjbd kd eb`bkdk nrag ks rkqukrbca pnr jasb ud 188+ ck ga pnigajbdy gas dkjksbcacks ck cktartramk y.n agbsacn racbjugar snd ckg 56$;+' obkdtras quk udtrataobkdtn jnopgkmn sgn ks rkqukrbcn pnr kg 9$2+ ck ga pnigajbd$

Gn adtkrbnr bdcbja quk kg prntnjngn kstaigkjbcn para kg trataobkdtn ck gakdfkrokcac `bd`bvag ckikr tkdkr uda jnikrtura ckg 188+ ck ga pnigajbd kdrkgajbd jnd gas dkjksbcacks ck kcujajbd kd saguc y a ud 68+ jnd dkjksbcacksck cktartramk' tkdbkdcn quk rkfkrbr a ud 90+ ck ga pnigajbd para trataobkdtns qukbopgbjad' ackos ck cktartramk' prnjkcbobkdtns ck agbsacn racbjugar y a ud :+ qukrkqubkrkd trataobkdtns qubrr`bjns jnopgkmns$

Kg kstacn pkrbncndtag ck ga pnigajbd ksjngar fuk kvaguacn kd kg 988; kd gagdka ck iask %8 a ; ans" para vagnrar gas jndcbjbndks ck saguc nrag quk pkrobtbkracktkrobdar kg bopajtn ck gas bdtkrvkdjbndks rkagbzacas kd kg oarjn ck ga pngtbjapigbja ck saguc nrag para In`nt$ Xara kvaguar kg kstacn pkrbncndtag sk kopgk kgdcbjk jnoudbtarbn ck dkjksbcacks ck trataobkdtn pkrbncndtag %BJDSX"' rk`bstradcnsngaokdtk ga prkskdjba ck sad`racn y jgjugns jnon gn rkjnobkdca ga NOZ para

dbns okdnrks ck 1; ans$Jnd rkspkjtn a ga prkskdjba ck oarjacnrks pkrbncndtagks' sgn kg 90$0+ ck gns

dbns y dbas ck ga gdka ck iask sk kdjndtr sadn ag onokdtn ckg kxaokd' obkdtrasquk kg 63$0+ prkskdt sad`racn `bd`bvag y kg 0$:+ jgjugns y ntrns fajtnrksrktkdtbvns jnon jndcbjbd os agta$

Zk kvbckdjb uda kgkvaca prnpnrjbd ck dbns y dbas ck ga gdka ck iask sbdprkskdjba ck oarjacnrks pkrbncndtagks n sadns kd gas gnjagbcacks ck Zad Jrbstiag%25'9+" y Zuoapaz %29'5+"' aspkjtn quk jndtrasta jnd ga `rad prnpnrjbd ck

dbns y dbas jnd prkskdjba ck sad`racn `bd`bvag kd gnjagbcacks jnon Zadta fk%25'1+"' [sok %2;':+"' Ortbrks %2:'5+"' Kd`atbv %28'8+"' Sudmukgbtn %5;'5+"'


45/88


3;

Jadckgarba %53'1+"' Zuia %59'6+"' [saqud %51';+" y uda `rad prnpnrjbd jndjgjugns kd gas gnjagbcacks ck Yafakg [rbik %92'9+"' Adtndbn Darbn %98'2+"'

Jadckgarba %1;'2+" y Jbucac Ingvar %19'3+" kd jnoparajbd jnd kg tntagrkpnrtacn$Kstns eaggaz`ns snd ck `rad bopnrtadjba para ga pgadkajbd ck ajjbndks ck

kcujajbd y prntkjjbd kspkjfbja kd ga pnigajbd bdfadtbg ck In`nt$ ZkjrktarbaCbstrbtag ck Zaguc ck In`nta 988;$

Kstns rksugtacns rkpnrtacns kd ga gdka iask para In`nt kd kg 988;' kstd ouy pnrckiamn ck gn kdjndtracn kd kg KDZAI kd 1222para ga pnigajbd ck 19 ans cndck gaprkskdjba ck sad`racn y jgjugns fuk niskrvacn kd kg 68$2+ ck ga pnigajbd kvaguaca$Catns sbobgarks fukrnd niskrvacns kd uda kdjuksta snirk ga prkvagkdjba ck jgjugnckdtag kd 398 ksjngarks ck ; a 13 ans kd ga gnjagbcac ck Kd`atbv ggkvaca a jain pnr

Ad arbta y Okmba kd 9888$ Kd kstk kstucbn sk kstbo uda prkvagkdjba tntag ck Jgjugnckdtag ckg 5;$35+' ga prkvagkdjba kdjndtraca para jgjugn supra`bd`bvag fuk ckg 6:$5+y para kg jgjugn sui`bd bvag ck ud 00$6+ niskrvdcnsk oaynr prkvagkdjba ck jgjugnssui`bd`bvagks kd ga pnigajbd kstucbaca$ Gns eaggaz`ns ck kstk kstucbn rkvkgarnd udaoaynr prkvagkdjba ck jgjugn supra`bd`bvag kd kg skxn oasjugbdn kg juag auokdt jndga kcac$ Audquk ga prkskdjba ck jgjugn dn sk rkgajbnd cbrkjtaokdtk jnd ga frkjukdjback jkpbggacn y ck ga skca ckdtag y jnd gas vbsbtas ag ncndtgn`n' gns dbns quk eaiadasbstbcn a prn`raoas ck prnonjbd y prkvkdjbd prkskdtarnd okdnr prkvagkdjba ckjgjugn' gn quk bdcbja quk kstk tbpn ck prn`raoas tbkdk ud bopajtn kd ga prkskdjba ckpgaja jagjbfbjaca quk pukckd okmnrar kg kstacn `bd`bvag ck ga pnigajbd ksjngar$

Gas cbfkrkdjbas niskrvacas kdtrk gns ans 1222 y 9888 kd ga pnigajbd ksjngarkd rkgajbd a gn niskrvacn kd ga gdka iask ck In`nt kd kg 988;' oukstrad udcksjkdsn sb`dbfbjatbvn kd ga prkskdjba ck jgjugns ckdtagks y sad`racn ag sndcamk$Zbd koiar`n' kstns rksugtacns dn snd jnoparaigks pnr gas kcacks ck gns dbnskvaguacns kd jaca kstucbn$

9$: KDFKYOKCAC @BD@BVAG

9$:$1 CKFBDBJBD

Ykjbikd kg dnoirk ck kdfkrokcacks `bd`bvagks tncas gas kdfkrokcacks qukafkjtad ga udbcac ckdtn`bd`bvag y sk jarajtkrbzad prboarbaokdtk pnr ga bdfgaoajbdck ga kdja$

Cbjea bdfgaoajbd' aparkjk kd tncas gas fnroas ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag'

cacn quk ga pgaja iajtkrbada y gns fajtnrks ck brrbtajbd' quk favnrkjkd gaajuougajbd ck pgaja' a okducn kstd prkskdtks kd kg aoibkdtk sui`bd`bvag$


46/88

36


Zbd koiar`n' kxbstkd taoibd prnjksns patng`bjns dn jausacns pnr ga brrbtajbdgnjag' jnon ga ebpkrpgasba' ga dknpgasba' prnjksns bdfkjjbnsns' n prnjksns ck

bdtkrajjbd jnd ntrns fajtnrks amkdns a ga pgaja iajtkrbada quk taoibd tbkdkoadbfkstajbd kd ga kdja ckg bdcbvbcun$ Xnr kstn' pncraons okdjbndar quk gabdfgaoajbd sbkoprk ksta prkskdtk pkrn dn sbkoprk cksarrngga kg obson papkg=1$ ga bdfgaoajbd pukck skr kg jaoibn patng`bjn prboarbn y dbjn$9$ ga bdfgaoajbd pukck skr uda jarajtkrstbja skjudcarba asnjbaca a ud prnigkoa

sbstobjn$%Xnr kmkopgn' jaoibns bd`bvagks jausacns pnr ga bd`ksta ck fkdbtnbda":$ ga bdfgaoajbd pukck skr kg fajtnr prkjbpbtadtk quk ontbva gns jaoibns jgdbjns

kd kg pajbkdtk jnd kstacns sbstobjns quk pnr s obsons dn prncujkdkdfkrokcac `bd`bvag bckdtbfbjaigk jgdbjaokdtk< ga `bd`bvbtbs ckg koiarazn ksud kmkopgn ck kstn$

9$:$9 JGAZBFBJAJBDCKGAKDFKYOKCAC@BD@BVAG

Audquk ead kxbstbcn oujeas jgasbfbjajbndks ck `bd`bvbtbs' sgn easta 1225 kgJndskdsn Bdtkrdajbndag ck Kdfkrokcacks pkrbncndtagks y sus jndcbjbndks'nràdbzacn pnr ga Ajackoba Aokrbjada ck Xkrbncndjba %AAX"' cbsjutb y aprniuda dukva jgasbfbjajbd ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag ga juag ea sbcn acnptaca kd jasb

tncn kg oudcn y fuk puigbjaca kd 1222$ Kd kg juacrn sbùbkdtk sk prkskdta gajgasbfbjajbd ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag kd rkgajbd jnd su ktbngnà ck ajukrcnjnd cbjen jndskdsn$ Jndskdsn Bdtkrdajbndag para ga Jgasbfbjajbd ck kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag

y sus jndcbjbndks$ Ajackoba Aokrbjada ck Xkrbncndjba 1222$

A$ Kdfkrokcacks `bd`bvagks bdcujbcas pnr pgaja ckdtag

1$ @bd`bvbtbs asnjbaca a pgaja dbjaokdtka$ sbd fajtnrks gnjagks jnacyuvadtks

i$ jnd fajtnrks gnjagks jnacyuvadtks

9$ Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag oncbfbjaca pnr fajtnrks sbstobjnsa$ Asnjbaca jnd jaoibns kd kg sbstkoa kdcnjrbdn

1$ `bd`bvbtbs asnjbaca a ga puikrtac9$ `bd`bvbtbs asnjbaca ag jbjgn okdstruag:$ `bd`bvbtbs asnjbaca ag koiarazn

a$ `bd`bvbtbs

i$ `radugnoa pb`kdn3$ `bd`bvbtbs asnjbaca a cbaiktks okggbtus


47/88


30

i$ Asnjbaca a cbsjrasbas sad`udkas1$ `bd`bvbtbs asnjbaca a gkujkoba

9$ ntras

:$ Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag oncbfbjaca pnr okcbjaokdtnsa$ kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag bdcujbca pnr okcbjaokdtns

1$ a`radcaobkdtn `bd`bvag bdcujbcn pnr okcbjaokdtns$9$ `bd`bvbtbs bdcujbca pnr okcbjaokdtns

a$ `bd bvbtbs asnjbaca a adtbjndjkptbvns nragksi$ ntras

3$ Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag oncbfbjacas pnr oagdutrbjbd$a$ `bd bvbtbs pnr ckfbjbkdjba ck jbcn asjribjni$ ntras

I Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag dn bdcujbca pnr pgaja$1$ Kdfkrokcacks ck nrb`kd iajtkrbadn

a$ Gksbndks asnjbacas aDkbskrba `ndnrrkai$ Gksbndks asnjbacas a Srkpndkoa Xaggbcuo

j$ Gksbndks asnjbacas a bdfkjjbndks kstrkptnjjbjasc$ Ntras

9$ Kdfkrokcacks ck nrb`kd vbraga$ bdfkjjbndks pnr vbrus ckg Ekrpks

1$ `bd`bvnkstnoatbtbs ekrptbja9$ ekrpks nrag rkjurrkdtk:$ bdfkjjbndks pnr varbjkga znstkr}

i$ ntras

:$ Kdfkrokcacks bd bvagks ck nrb`kd objtbjna$ bdfkjjbndks pnr jdcbcai$ ebstnpgasonsbsj$ ntras

3$ Gksbndks `bd`bvagks ck nrb`kd `kdtbjn

;$ Oadbfkstajbndks bd`bvagks ck jndcbjbndks sbstobjas


48/88

35


1$ oadbfkstajbndks ck cksrckdks oujn jutdknsa$ gbqukd pgadn

i$ pkdfb`nbckj$ pdfb`n vug`arc$ krbtkoa ougtbfnrokk$ gupus krbtkoatnsnf$ `bd`bvbtbs cksjaoatbvas

9$ rkajjbndks agr`bjas=A oatkrbagks ckdtagks$a$ okrjurbni$ dqukgj$ ajrgbjnc$ ntrns

Ykajjbndks atrbiubigks a=a$ pastas ckdtagksi$ kdmua`uks iujagksj$ `noas ck oastbjarc$ acbtbvns ck agbokdtns

6$ Gksbndks Srauotbjas %batrn`dbjas n ajjbckdtagks"a$ bdmurba quobjai$ bdmurba fsbjaj$ bdmurba trobja

0$ Gksbndks dn kspkjfbjas

Dnta= Ga `bd`bvbtbs dkjrntbzadtk %@[D" sk jgasbfbja kd ud `rupn apartk ck gakdfkrokcac `bd`bvag y ks jgasbfbjaca ckdtrn ckg `rupn ck gas kdfkrokcackspkrbncndtagks dkjrntbzadtks$

Jgasbfbjajbd Bdtkrdajbndag ck Kdfkrokcacks %JBK 18"Kd ga 3: Asaoigka Oudcbag ck ga Zaguc ggkvaca a jain kd 1228' fuk aprniaca

pnr ga Jndfkrkdjba Bdtkrdajbndag ga Jgasbfbjajbd Kstacstbja Bdtkrdajbndag ck

Kdfkrokcacks y Xrnigkoas Ykgajbndacns jnd ga Zaguc Cjboa rkvbsbd/' kd gajuag Jngnoiba dn kxprks nimkjbndks y acqubrb kg jnoprnobsn ck bopgkokdtarga$Ga Jgasbfbjajbd Kstacstbja Bdtkrdajbndag ck Kdfkrokcacks y prnigkoas


49/88


32

rkgajbndacns jnd ga Zaguc' kst jndtkdbca kd ga puigbjajbd jbkdtfbja Dn$ ;;3 ckga Nràdbzajbd Xadaokrbjada ck ga Zaguc' Nfbjbda Zadbtarba Xadaokrbjada' NfbjbdaYk`bndag ck ga Nràdbzajbd oudcbag' Pasebd`tnd' C$J 122;' y prkskdtaca kdtrks vngokdks=

Vnguokd [dn= Gbsta ck jatk`nrasVnguokd Cns= Oaduag ck BdstrujjbndksVnguokd Srks= dcbjk AgfaitbjnXara jgasbfbjar ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag ga Jgasbfbjajbd Bdtkrdajbndag ck

Kdfkrokcacks %JBK 18" utbgbza gns sbùbkdtks jcb`ns=

Jcb`n 8= ] 819 %acugtn" ] 069 %dbn"Jcb`n 1= L 8;1Jcb`n 9= L 8;1Jcb`n := L 8;:Jcb`n 3= L 8;:

Adntk kd ga ebstnrba kg jcb`n os agtn para kg pajbkdtk y kg jcb`njnrrkspndcbkdtk ag JBK 18$

Dnta= Xara gas sbùbkdtks sbtuajbndks jgdbjas dn eaà kg kxaokd jnd sndcamk< sgnkstaigzjagn a travs ck ud kxaokd jgdbjn vbsuag=Xara sbtuajbndks ck kdfkrokcacks `bd`bvagks aùcas utbgbjk kg Jcb`n L 8;8Xara sbtuajbndks ck A`radcaobkdtn bd`bvag utbgbjk kg Jcb`n L 861$ @[DJcb`n A 628

9$:$: JAYAJSKYZSBJAZJGDBJAZCKGAKDFKYOKCAC@BD@BVAG

Audquk gas jarajtkrstbjas jgdbjas kstd jgaraokdtk ckfbdbcas kd kg Jndskdsnbdtkrdajbndag ck kdfkrokcacks pkrbncndtagks ck ga AAX ck 1222' ag juag kg gkjtnrpukck ajjkckr cbrkjtaokdtk y eajkr uda rkvbsbd os kxeaustbva' sk prkskdtad ajndtbduajbd gns aspkjtns os rkgkvadtks ck gas patngnàs bd`bvagks os frkjukdtkskd ga prjtbja jgdbja$

Gas jarajtkrstbjas jnoudks ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag snd=

Gns sb`dns jgdbjns kstd gbobtacns a ga kdja Ga prkskdjba ck pgaja ckdtag bdbjba n kxajkria ga skvkrbcac ck ga gksbd


50/88

;8


Zb dns jgdbjns ck bdfgaoajbd=- Kckoa- Krbtkoa- Zad`racn ckspus ck kstbougajbd- Auokdtn ckg oar`kd

Gas jarajtkrstbjas racbn`rfbjas ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag snd=

Dn eay prkskdjba ck prcbca ck snpnrtk ckg cbkdtk$ Zb sk cktkrobda uda prcbca ska' ckik bdcaàrsk snirk su adtkjkckdtk'

puks dn kstara asnjbaca jnd ga kdtbcac `bd`bvag n kstaraons frkdtk a uda

fnroa prkkxbstkdtk$ Ga kstrujtura ckdtarba dn prkskdta agtkrajbndks kd juadtn a su bdtk`rbcac$

9$:$3 KDFKYOKCAC@BD@BVAGAZNJBACAAXGAJA

Ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag asnjbaca a pgaja ks uda kdtbcac juyas oadbfkstajbndksjgdbjas varad sus jarajtkrstbjas ck ud sbtbn a ntrn kd ud obson bdcbvbcun y kdtrkbdcbvbcuns$ Gns sb`dns sukgkd aparkjkr uda vkz sk eaya bdstauracn ga kdfkrokcac

kd kg bdcbvbcun y kstns snd=

Ekonrra`ba `bd`bvagGns cns sdtnoas os tkopradns ck ga bdfgaoajbd `bd`bvag' quk prkjkckd ag

juacrn ck ga `bd`bvbtbs kstaigkjbca snd=

1$ Fnroajbd os rpbca ck gqubcn `bd`bvag9$ Ekonrra`ba ag sndcamk

Xara kg jgdbjn ks oujen os fjbg cba`dnstbjar pnr ga prkskdjba ck sad`racn agsndcamk ga prkskdjba ck ga kdfkrokcac$ Kg utbgbzar ga ekonrra`ba kd guàr ck jaoibnskd kg jngnr y jndtnrdn prnvkk jnon vkdtama quk aqukgga pkrobtk kvaguar jaoibnstkopradns ck ga kdfkrokcac$

BdfgaoajbdGas bdfgaoajbndks jrdbjas y aùcas prncujkd jaoibns kd ga jndsbstkdjba

dnroag' fbrok y rksbgkdtk ck ga kdja' sk prkskdta sbkoprk asnjbaca a gaekonrra`ba ckibcn a quk ebstng`bjaokdtk eay cbgatajbd y cbstkdsbd ck gnsjapbgarks y ackgàzaobkdtn y n ugjkrajbd ckg kpbtkgbn ckg surjn pnr gn quk


51/88


;1

kstougns jnon kg sndcamk prnvnjad ga ruptura ck gns japbgarks y pnr tadtn gaekonrra`ba `bd`bvag$

Jaoibns kd kg jngnr ck ga kdjaGa bdfgaoajbd bdtkdsbfbja kg jngnr ck ga kdja jnon jndskjukdjba ck ga

prngbfkrajbd vasjugar y ga rkcujjbd ck ga qukratbdbzajbd pnr ga jnoprksbdckg tkmbcn kpbtkgbag bdfgaoacn$ Kg xtasbs vkdnsn a`rkà ud oatbz azugacn$ Gnsjaoibns jnobkdzad kd gas papbgas y kg oar`kd y sk cbrb`kd eajba ga kdja bdskrtaca$Kg jngnr rnmn sbkoprk va ajnopaacn pnr ud kfkjtn vbsuag ck irbggadtk ck gakdja cndck ckibcn a ga cbstkdsbd ckg tkmbcn sk pbkrckd jarajtkrstbjas jnon kgpudtkacn `bd`bvag$

Auskdjba ck prcbca ck bdskrjbdCkibcn a quk ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag afkjta ck fnroa gbobtaca ga udbcac ckdtn

`bd`bvag y dn sk traspasa a gns tkmbcns ck snpnrtk' ks uda jarajtkrstbja taoibd ckga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag ga auskdjba ck prcbca ck snpnrtk n can a gns tkmbcns cksnstd ckg cbkdtk$ Kd agùdns jasns ck cbkdtks jnd cba`dstbjn ck kdfkrokcac`bd`bvag' sk pukck prkskdtar uda prcbca ck bdskrjbd ga juag jnrrkspndck jndjuacrns prkkxbstkdtks pkrn dn snd njasbndacns pnr ga kdfkrokcac ajtuag$

Xrkskdjba ck pgaja iajtkrbadaNtrn sb`dn ck kstk juacrn jgdbjn ks ga prkskdjba ck pgaja kd kg oar`kd' audquk

kd agùdas njasbndks pukck dn niskrvarsk ckibcn ag sks`n quk sk prncujk juadcnkg pajbkdtk ks jndjbkdtk ck quk ag asbstbr ag ncndtgn`n ckik rkagbzar uda eb`bkdkoktbjugnsa$ Xkrn sb sk niskrvar kd gns sbtbns quk jnodokdtk dn snd agjadzacnspnr ga eb`bkdk eaibtuag ckg pajbkdtk' tagks jnon gtbons ongarks n zndas ckkopaquktaobkdtn agbokdtbjbn$

Xrkskdjba ck fajtnrks rktkdtbvns ck pgaja iajtkrbadaCuradtk kg kxaokd jgdbjn ks ouy bopnrtadtk kvaguar gns fajtnrks rktkdtbvns

ck pgaja y curadtk kg trataobkdtn ckikd kdtndjks kgbobdarsk tncns aqukggns sbtbnsquk jauskd ajuougajbd ck pgaja' tagks jnon rkstaurajbndks ckfkjtunsas' zndasck kopaquktaobkdtn' oag pnsbjbndks ckdtagks y ckik bdstrubrsk ag pajbkdtk kdjuadtn ag usn ck acbtaokdtns para nptbobzar ga eb`bkdk jnon skca ckdtag' ayucaskd aparatngnà nrtnpcbja y ck nrtncndjba y kd prtksbs parjbagks fbmas n rkonvbigks$


52/88

;9


9$:$; KDFKYOKCAC@BD@BVAGONCBFBJACAXNYFAJSNYKZZBZSOBJNZ

9$:$;$1 Asnjbaca a jaoibns kdcnjrbdns

Ga daturagkza y ga ravkcac ck ga rkspuksta bdoudk ck gns tkmbcns pkrbncndtagksadtk gas iajtkrbas y sus prncujtns' pukck varbar jnon jndskjukdjba ck gns jaoibnsenrondagks quk sk prkskdtad curadtk ga puikrtac' kg koiarazn n ga okdnpausbaya quk kd kstns kstacns sk niskrva ud bdjrkokdtn n jaoibns kd ga prn`kstkrnda ykg kstracbng' kdtrk ntrns quk favnrkjkd ga aparbjbd ck oadbfkstajbndks `bd`bvagks$

9$:$;$9 Asnjbaca ag koiarazn

Gas jarajtkrstbjas jgdbjas jnrrkspndckd ag juacrn ck `bd`bvbtbs' jarajtkrbzacn

pnr sad`racn ag sndcamk' kdrnmkjbobkdtn' ajeataobkdtn ck gas papbgas' y kd`rnsaobkdtnckg oar`kd `bd`bvag$ Kd ag`udas pajbkdtks ga rkspuksta bdfgaoatnrba gnjag pukck skrouy skvkra y car pasn a ga fnroajbd ck `radugnoas pb`kdns asnjbacns a brrbtadtksgnjagks' ga juag sk jarajtkrbza pnr gksbndks dbjas y rara vkz ogtbpgks ck iask pkcbjugacajarajtkrbzacas pnr ud jngnr rnmn bdtkdsn ckibcn a ga rad vasjugarbzajbd ck ga gksbdquk kdkragokdtk ks asbdtnotbja' pkrn quk pukck kdkrar sdtnoas juadcn bdtkrfbkrkjnd ga oastbjajbd y `kdkra trauoa cbrkjtn$ Ksta gksbd ks rkvkrsbigk' kd ga oaynrack gns jasns' ckspus ck tkrobdacn kg koiarazn$

9$:$;$: Asnjbaca a cbaiktks okggbtus

Kg juacrn jgdbjn ck ga bd`bvbtbs asnjbaca a cbaiktks okggbtus ks sbobgar ag niskrvacnkd juagqubkr fnroa ck `bd`bvbtbs %krbtkoa' aspkjtn gbsn' kd`rnsaobkdtn ckg oar`kd'ajeataobkdtn ck gas papbgas' sad`racn'" ck oadkra quk kg cba`dstbjn kst fukrtkokdtkrkgajbndacn jnd kg jndnjbobkdtn ck ga jndcbjbd sbstobja ckg pajbkdtk' nitkdbcapnr ga adaodksbs y snpnrtaca pnr gns kxokdks para jgdbjns ck rb`nr$

9$:$;$3 Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag asnjbaca ag usn ck okcbjaokdtns

A`radcaobkdtn `bd`bvag bdcujbcn pnr adtbjndvugsbvadtks y ignqukacnrks ck jadagks ck jagjbn$Ag`udns okcbjaokdtns y sus oktaingbtns afkjtad ga enoknstasbs ck gns tkmbcnspkrbncndtagks< gns os bopgbjacns snd gns ignqukacnrks ck jadagks ck jagjbn$ Gasgksbndks pukckd prncujbr a`radcaobkdtns `bd`bvagks$ [d ekjen bopnrtadtk ksquk tncns gns a`radcaobkdtns `bd`bvagks jndcbjbndacns n bdcujbcns pnrokcbjaokdtns snd jgdbjaokdtk bdcbfkrkdjbaigks$ Ks okcbadtk ga adaodksbs qukkg ncndtgn`n pukck jndnjkr jug ks kg okcbjaokdtn bopgbjacn' tkdbkdcn kdjukdta quk gns okcbjaokdtns os asnjbacns a a`radcaobkdtns `bd`bvagks snd= ga

cbfkdbgebcadtnbda %adtbjndvugsbvadtk"' ga jbjgnspnrbda %Bdebibcnr ck rkjeazn atradspgadtks" y ga dbfkcbpbda %vasncbgatacnr jnrndarbn"$


53/88


;:

9$:$;$; Kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag dkjrntbzadtk

Ga `bd`bvbtbs [gjkrndkjrntbzadtk @[D' ks uda kdtbcac jgdbja ck ktbngnà

iajtkrbada quk sk jarajtkrbza pnr prkskdtar sb`dns prboarbns' gns juagks snddkjksarbns' sufbjbkdtks k bdcbspkdsaigks para kstaigkjkr su cba`dstbjn=

ugjkrajbd ckg vrtbjk ck gas papbgas ekonrra ba bd`bvag y cngnr$

Kxbstkd sb`dns skjudcarbns quk dn snd bdcbspkdsaigks para su cba`dstbjn'pkrn juya prkskdjba ayuca a jndfbroar kg cba`dstbjn=

eagbtnsbs fbkirk oagkstar `kdkrag gbdfnackdnpatbas prkskdjba ck skucn okoiradas

9$:$;$6 @bd`bvbtbs kd pajbkdtks VBE

Gas gksbndks `bd`bvagks asnjbacas a bdfkjjbd jnd EBV snd =

Kg krbtkoa gbdkag bd`bvag Ga `bd`bvbtbs ugjkrndkjrntbzadtk$

Kg krbtkoa `bd`bvag gbdkag ks uda iadca krbtkoatnsa quk bdvngujra kdja gbirk'acekrbca y oujnsa agvkngar< dn ckpkdcbkdtk ck pgaja iajtkrbada$ Kd ksta sbtuajbdjgdbja dn eay prkskdjba ck ingsas pkrbncndtagks' ugjkrajbd' db pkrcbca ck bdskrjbd$Gas gksbndks snd agùdas vkjks cngnrnsas y su cbstrbiujbd pukck aiarjar tnca ga

inja n kstar jbrjudsjrbta a agùdns cbkdtks$ Gns kstucbns kpbckobng`bjns kdpajbkdtks EBV pnsbtbvns' ead onstracn quk ksta gksbd prkskdta uda tasa ckprkvagkdja kdtrk 8';+ / 32 +$

9$3 KSBNGN@A

Ga ktbngnà ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag ea sbcn jgaraokdtk kstaigkjbca cksckga cjaca ck gns 68 juadcn Gnk y jng 126; y Sekbgack y jng 1266' bdbjbarnd suskstucbns ck bd`bvbtbs kxpkrbokdtag kd euoadns ckonstradcn uda rkgajbd cbrkjta

kdtrk kg jougn ck ga pgaja ckdtag snirk ga supkrfbjbk ckg cbkdtk y ga rkspukstabdfgaoatnrba `bd`bvag %Ykjnokdcajbd A"$ Ksta kvbckdjba ea sbcn ga iask ck ga


54/88

;3


bdvkstbàjbd ckg bdbjbn y prn`rksbd ck ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag kd cbvkrsns`rupns ck pnigajbd$

Ga pgaja iajtkrbada ks uda kstrujtura dn jagjbfbjaca jndstbtubca pnrjnopndkdtks sagbvarks y duokrnsns `dkrns iajtkrbadns jnd jrkjbobkdtnjndtbdun$ Kg trobdn ibnfbgo %ibnpkgjuga" sk usa para ckdntar uda jnoudbcacck iajtkrbas kdvukgtas kd uda oasa kxtrajkgugar pngborbja quk sk ajuouga kduda supkrfbjbk$ Gas cbfkrkdtks kspkjbks ajuougacas kd cbjea kstrujtura pukckdprntk`kr jndtra ga jngndbzajbd ck pat`kdns kx`kdns n jndstbtubr kg bdbjbn' gaprn`rksbd y ckstrujjbd ck gas kstrujturas pkrbncndtagks %Pbgsnd 9881"$

Ga fnroajbd ckg ibnfbgockdtag ea sbcn aopgbaokdtk bdvkstbàca y gns okjadbsonsck udbd' jngndbzajbd bdbjbag y jnd`rkàjbd bdcbjad quk gns objrnnràdbsons@rao pnsbtbvns' prkskdtks kd agtas prnpnrjbndks kd ga sagbva' snd dkjksarbns paraga jngndbzajbd bdbjbag ck ga pgaja' obkdtras quk gns objrnnràdbsons @rao$dkàtbvns adakrnibns' asnjbacns a ga pkrcbca ck bdskrjbd pkrbncndtag' sndjngndbzacnrks skjudcarbns$

Ga jnopnsbjbd objrnibada ckg ibnfbgo ckdtag ea sbcn bdvkstbàca pnrbdduokraigks tjdbjas ckonstradcn quk kxbstkd bdduokraigks kspkjbks asnjbacas$Zbd koiar`n' ga prkskdjba y snirk jrkjbobkdtn ck agùdns `dkrns iajtkrbadnskstd rkgajbndacns jnd ga rkspuksta bdfgaoatnrba y ga prcbca ck bdskrjbdpkrbncndtag$

Kg `rupn ckg Bdstbtutn Fnrsyte okcbadtk ga tjdbja ck ebirbcajbd ck ACDutbgbzadcn sndcas kndobjas' ea pkrobtbcn kstucbar ogtbpgks dkrns iajtkrbadns'a`rupadcn a gns cbfkrkdtks objrnnràdbsons prkskdtks kd kg surjn `bd`bvag kdjnopgkmns n `rupns$ Ga pgaja sui`bd`bvag ck pajbkdtks jnd pkrbncndtbtbs prkskdtauda agta prnpnrjbd ckg jnopgkmn rnmn %X$ `bd`bvagbs' S$ fnrsytekdsbs y S$ ckdtbjnga" gnsjuagks kstd cbrkjtaokdtk rkgajbndacns jnd ga prnfudcbcac ck ga ingsa y kg sad`racnag sndcamk$ %Znjradsly y jng 1225"$

Ga bopnrtadjba ck ga jngndbzajbd prboarba pnr objrnnràdbsons @raopnsbtbvns racbja kd ga japajbcac ck ntrns dkrns @rao dkàtbvns para jnd`rkàrskkd kg ibnfbgockdtag$ Ck ksta oadkra' sk ea ckonstracn quk para ga jngndbzajbd ckobjrnnràdbsons ckg jnopgkmn rnmn ks bdcbspkdsaigk ga prkskdjba ckobjrnnràdbsons @rao %," y ntrns objrnnràdbsons @rao %/" kspkjbagokdtk ckgjnopgkmn daradma$ Ykjbkdtkokdtk' sk kstucb kg jnopndkdtk objrnibadn ck gapgaja sui`bd`bvag kd pajbkdtks jnd cbfkrkdtks `racns ck bdfgaoajbd `bd`bvag y skjnopar jnd kg ck pajbkdtks jnd pkrbncndtbtbs kd ; rk`bndks ck Jngnoiba$ Audquk

ga frkjukdjba niskrvaca ck jnopgkmn rnmn fuk sb`dbfbjatbvaokdtk iama kd pajbkdtksjnd `bd`bvbtbs' ga prkskdjba ck objrnnràdbsons ck jnopgkmn daradma fuk iastadtk


55/88


;;

agta kd gns pajbkdtks jnd kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag' gn quk bopgbja ud rbks`n para gajngndbzajbd ck X$ `bd`bvagbs' S$ fnrsytekdsbs y S$ ckdtbjngaquk sk asnjbad fukrtkokdtk

jnd prcbca ck bdskrjbd pkrbncndtag$ Ck ksta oadkra' ga pkrsbstkdjba ck kstnsobjrnnràdbsons kd ga pgaja iajtkrbada sui`bd`bvag kd pajbkdtks jnd sbdusbtbs pukckfavnrkjkr ga jngndbzajbd ck pat`kdns pkrbncndtagks y pnr kdck ga prcbca cktkmbcn pkrbncndtag$ Gafaurbk' Jndtrkras y jng 9880$

9$; FAJSNYKZCKYBKZ@N

9$;$1 EKYKDJBA

Ga kvbckdjba parkjk sustkdtar kg papkg ck ga ekrkdjba kd gas pkrbncndtbtbs ckaparbjbd tkoprada %Xkrbncndtbtbs a`rksbva" kd ud onckgn ck ekrkdjba autnsobjarkjksbva %Ykjnokdcajbd J"$ Zbd koiar`n' kxbstk agùda kvbckdjba quk sustkdtauda ekrkdjba autnsobja cnobdadtk para gas pkrbncndtbtbs ck aparbjbd tkopradasZeapbra y jng$1250 audquk dn eay kvbckdjba quk sustkdtk su bdfgukdjba kdpkrbncndtbtbs jrdbja %Ykjnokdcajbd C"$

Inuèoad y jng$1255 kstucbarnd 95 faobgbas ck pajbkdtks jnd pkrbncndtbtbs ckaparbjbd tkoprada jnd ud onckgn autnsobjn kg juag sk jnopar jnd ud onckgn

gbàcn a U$ Kg onckgn autnsobjn rkjksbvn fuk kg quk okmnr kxpgbj ga prkskdjback ga kdfkrokcac$ Gas prniaibgbcacks para kg kspnrcbjn %dn kdtbjn" y kg onckgngbàcn a U krad jndsbckraigkokdtk os iamns quk gns onckgns autndobjnsrkjksbvns$Objeagnwbjz y jng kd 1223 su`bkrk quk kxbstk kvbckdjba jndsbckraigk kd gabdfgukdjba kdtbja kd gas cbfkrkdtks fnroas ck pkrbncndtbtbs ck aparbjbd tkoprada$Ck ajukrcn jnd su rkvbsbd' kxbstk kvbckdjba ck quk gns fajtnrks kdtbjns pukckdskr tnoacns jnon ud fajtnr ck rbks`n kd kg cksarrnggn ck ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtagquk sk cksarrngga kd kcac tkoprada$ Kstucbns kd faobgbas jnd pkrbncndtbtbs a`rksbvasprkskdtad ud cksnrckd autnsobjn rkjksbvn tradsobtbcn kdtrk obkoirns ck ga

obsoa faobgba$ Zbd koiar`n' kg fajtnr `kdtbjn dn ea sbcn bckdtbfbjacn kd gnsjasns ck pkrbncndtbtbs jrdbja$ %Ykjnokdcajbd J"$

Bdtkrvkdjbd ckg rbks`n=Audquk ga bdtkrvkdjbd ck ga `kdtbja y ga ekrkdjba ck gaskdfkrokcacks pkrbncndtagks dn kstd ag agjadjk ckg jgdbjn' kg cktkrobdar kg rbks`n`kdtbjn pkrobtk bckdtbfbjar pajbkdtks os susjkptbigks a ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtagpara bdvngujrargns kd ud prn`raoa os kstrbjtn ck jndtrng ck eb`bkdk nrag$ Kd`kdkrag gns pajbkdtks quk jndnjkd su susjkptbibgbcac a gas kdfkrokcacks snd osjubcacnsns y jnnpkrad os kd gns prn`raoas prkvkdtbvns$


56/88

;6


9$;$9 KZSBGNCKVBCA

Ga ajtbtuc ckg pajbkdtk eajba su saguc y autn/jubcacn as jnon ga rkjkptbvbcac

frkdtk a gas bdcbjajbndks ck saguc' a qubd rkspndsaibgbza ck sus prnigkoas ck sagucy ga asbstkdjba ag ncndtgn`n' snd iukdns oarjacnrks para kvaguar ga ontbvajbdeajba ga saguc nrag$ Audquk kxbstkd pnjns kstucbns quk kvagkd kstns aspkjtns' agùdnsfajtnrks kvaguacns kd kg KDZAI BBBparkjkd bdcbjar quk kg jndjkptn ck saguc nragpara ga pnigajbd kst gbàcn a ga ksttbja$ Kd rkgajbd jnd ga bckdtbfbjajbd ck sb`dnsck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag kg 9;+ ck ga pnigajbd dn saik ga jausa ckg sad`racn`bd`bvag n gn atrbiuyk ag jkpbggacn fukrtk y kg 01$9+ ck gas pkrsndas quk tbkdkdsad`racn kd ga kdja dn jndsugta ag ncndtgn`n y ajuck a kdmuaùks' a ud jkpbggacn

oas suavk n a okcbjaokdtns para rksngvkr kg prnigkoa n sbopgkokdtk dn eajkdaca$ Gn adtkrbnr bdcbja quk fagta oujen jndnjbobkdtn ck ga jnoudbcac snirk gnssb`dns ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag y sus jausas y kstn bdfguyk ck oadkra bopnrtadtkkd ga ajtbtuc ck gas pkrsndas y su autn jubcacn$ %Ykjnokdcajbd C"

Bdtkrvkdjbd ckg rbks`n=Kxpgbjar gns sb`dns y sdtnoas ck ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtagas jnon sus jausas' pkrobtk uda oaynr jnnpkrajbd ckg pajbkdtk kd kg trataobkdtny kd su autnjubcacn$

9$;$: EB@BKDKNYAG

Kxbstk kvbckdjba iasaca kd kstucbns ck jasns y jndtrngks' kstucbns ck jnenrtk'y kdsayns jgdbjns agkatnrbzacns quk su`bkrkd quk ga kgbobdajbd satbsfajtnrba ckpgaja iajtkrbada pukck prkvkdbr ga `bd`bvbtbs' ga pkrbncndtbtbs jrdbja y ga prcbcack tkmbcns pkrbncndtagks kd uda pnigajbd kd `kdkrag$

Axkgssnd y Gbdcek bdbjbarnd ud kstucbn kd ksjngarks kg juag fuk rkagbzacn cksck1201 y puigbjacn kd 120; cndck sk kstucbarnd curadtk : ans gns kfkjtns ck

rkjbibr uda ackjuaca bdstrujjbd kd eb`bkdk nrag snirk ga prkskdjba ck bd`bvbtbs yjarbks kd dbns$ Gns dbns fukrnd asb`dacns a ud `rupn kxpkrbokdtag y ud `rupnjndtrng$ Kg `rupn jndtrng curadtk gns : ans jkpbgg sus cbkdtks jnd jrkoa ckdtagjnd 8$9+ ck fgunrurn ck sncbn y fuk supkrvbsacn uda vkz ag oks$ Kg `rupnkxpkrbokdtag curadtk gns 9 prbokrns ans rkjbib prnfbgaxbs prnfksbndag jaca 9skoadas gas quk fukrnd kspajbacas curadtk kg tkrjkr an$ Kg `rupn tratacn jndprnfbgaxbs pkrbcbjas onstr kxjkgkdtks kstdcarks ck eb`bkdk nrag y uda rksngujbdck ga `bd`bvbtbs$ %Ykjnokdcajbd A"

A prbdjbpbns ck 1208 Axkgssnd y Gbdcek' bdbjbarnd uda skrbk ck kstucbnsprnspkjtbvns jndtrngacns para kstucbar kg kfkjtn ck uda ackjuaca eb`bkdk nragpara prkvkdbr ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag y ga jarbks$ Kd kg prbokr kstucbn rkagbzacn


57/88


;0

kd ud pkrncn kdtrk 1201 a 1209 y puigbjacn kd 1251 ckspus ck 6 ans ckskùbobkdtn' sk kstucbarnd :0; acugtns quk eajad partk ck ud prn`raoa prkvkdtbvniasacn kd jndtrng ck pgaja' apgbjajbd tpbja ck fgnr para kvaguar ga bdjbckdjback jarbks y ck kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag y 158 pajbkdtks jndtrng a gns quk sk gksrkagbz trataobkdtn sbdtnotbjn sbd bdvngujrargns kd kg prn`raoa prkvkdtbvn$ Gnsrksugtacns ckg kstucbn kvbckdjbarnd quk kg `rupn tratacn jnd prnfbgaxbs jaca 9 a :oksks onstr uda rksngujbd jnopgkta ck ga `bd`bvbtbs y ga prkvkdjbd ck gapkrbncndtbtbs jndjguykdcn quk ga acnpjbd ck iukdns eibtns ck eb`bkdk nrag yud prn`raoa ck jubcacn ckdtag prkvbkdkd ga prkskdjba ck jarbks y kdfkrokcacpkrbncndtag kd acugtns$ %Ykjnokdcajbd A"

Bdtkrvkdjbd ckg rbks`n=Kg rkjndnjbobkdtn pnr partk ckg pajbkdtk ckg kfkjtn dkàtbvn

ck oagns eibtns eb`bdbjns kd ga prkskdjba ck ga kdfkrokcac bd`bvag y pkrbncndtag'ckik skr uda jndstadtk kd kg prnjksn prkvkdtbvn$ Zbd koiar`n' jaoibar eibtnsck eb`bkdk nrag ks ag`n jnopgkmn y sgn sk gn`rar sb kg pajbkdtk rkjndnjk kg kfkjtnck uda oaga eb`bkdk nrag snirk kg cktkrbnrn ck su inja$ Xnr gn adtkrbnr ks dkjksarbnrkfnrzar jaoibns y ajtbtucks a travs ckg tbkopn para gn`rar jaoibns sb`dbfbjatbvns$

9$;$3 FAJSNYKZYKSKDSBVNZCKXGAJA

Audquk kxbstkd oujens fajtnrks rktkdtbvns ck pgaja' gns jgjugns ckdtagks skjndsbckrad gns fajtnrks rktkdtbvns ck pgaja os bopnrtadtks pnr ga agta frkjukdjbakdjndtraca kd ga pnigajbd$ Kg nimktbvn ckg kstucbn rkagbzacn pnr Jerbstkrssnd y jng$kd 1229fuk cktkrobdar gns dbvkgks ck pgaja y ga ajuougajbd ck jgjugn sui`bd`bvagy kvaguar su jnrrkgajbd jnd ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag tkdbkdcn kd jukdta garaza' kcac' y `dkrn jnd kg fbd ck bckdtbfbjar gns bdcbjacnrks ck rbks`n para gaprkskdjba ck pgaja y ga fnroajbd ck jgjugn$ Zk kxaobd ud tntag ck ;85 acugtns'jnd ud rad`n ck kcac kdtrk 9;/0: ans' a qubkdks sk gks rkagbz vagnrajbd ckpgaja' sad`racn `bd`bvag' prnfudcbcac ck ga ingsa y gns dbvkgks ck bdskrjbd

pkrbncndtag$ Jnd ud adgbsbs ck rk`rksbd ogtbpgk sk rkagbz ga asnjbajbd kdtrkdbvkgks ck pgaja' kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag' raza' kcac y `dkrn cadcn jnonrksugtacn quk ga oaynr jnrrkgajbd fuk niskrvaca kd gns pajbkdtks jnd pkrbncndtbtbskstaigkjbca' skùbcn pnr ga raza dk`ra y guk`n para kg dkrn oasjugbdn y para gakcac kdtrk ;;/0: ans$ Xara jgjugn sui`bd`bvag' sgn cns varbaigks onstrarnduda jnrrkgajbd sb`dbfbjatbva< kg kstacn ck ga kdfkrokcac skùbca pnr ga raza dk`ra$%Ykjnokdcajbd C"

Bdtkrvkdjbd ckg rbks`n=Ea sbcn ckonstracn quk ud jaoibn kd ga rkonjbd ckpgaja pnr kg pajbkdtk pukck okmnrar parjbagokdtk gns sb`dns jgdbjns bdfgaoatnrbnsck ga kdja$ Zbd koiar`n' sb dn sk rktbrad gns jgjugns ckdtagks dn ks pnsbigk cktkdkrga prn`rksbd ck ga kdfkrokcac aud jnd ga okmnra ck eibtns eb`bdbjns$


58/88

;5


9$;$; SAIAQ[BZON

Audquk ga oaynr kvbckdjba ckg taiaqubson jnon fajtnr ck rbks`n para ga

kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag kst rkgajbndaca jnd ga prcbca ck bdskrjbd pkrbncndtagy ga prkskdjba y prn`rksbd ck ga pkrbncndtbtbs su kfkjtn snirk kg tkmbcn `bd`bvag skrkgajbnda jnd ga rkcujjbd sb`dbfbjatbva ck jaoibns jgdbjns bdfgaoatnrbns qukpukckd kdoasjarar sb`dns ck ga kdfkrokcac `bd`bvag jnon gns jaoibns ck jngnry kg sad`racn ag sndcamk ckibcn a ga vasnjndstrbjjbd prncujbca pnr gns prncujtnsckg taiajn jnon ga dbjntbda' suikstboadcn kg kstacn jgdbjn ck gns pajbkdtksfuoacnrks jnon gn rkpnrtacn pnr Fkgcoad y jng 125:$

Kxbstk kvbckdjba quk snpnrta ga asnjbajbd ckg jbàrrbggn jnon fajtnr ck rbks`n

para cksarrnggar kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag< dn sgn sk rkpnrta ga asnjbajbd qukkxbstk kdtrk ga kdfkrokcac sbdn taoibd ga bdfgukdjba ckg jbàrrbggn snirk kg sbstkoack rkparajbd ck gns tkmbcns adtk ga tkrapba pkrbncndtag jndtrbiuykdcn as a garkjurrkdjba ck ga pkrbncndtbtbs kd pajbkdtks fuoacnrks$

Zk ea ckonstracn quk kg jndsuon ck jbàrrbggn ks ud fajtnr ck rbks`n kd kgcksarrnggn y ga prn`rksbd ck ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag sk`d kg kstucbn rkagbzacnpnr Irk`strno y jng $ kd 1223 kd kg juag curadtk ud skùbobkdtn ckaprnxboacaokdtk ; ans kdjndtr quk kg taiajn rkprkskdta ud rbks`n rkgatbvn

kd kg nrckd ck 9$; a 6$8 n aud oaynr para ga prn`rksbd ck ga pkrbncndtbtbs$@rnssb y jngkd 1223 kdjndtrarnd quk kg jndsuon ck jbàrrbggn tbkdk uda kstrkjearkgajbd jnd ga prcbca ckg dbvkg ck bdskrjbd y ga prcbca ck ga agtura ck ga jrkstaska' kdjndtradcn quk gns fuoacnrks tkdad ud rbks`n oaynr para prkskdtarprcbca ckg euksn os skvkra jnoparaca jnd pkrsndas quk dn fuoad< quk kstkdtrk :$9; a 0$95 vkjks os para gns fuoacnrks pksacns' rkspkjtbvaokdtk$%Ykjnokdcajbd I"

Kd pajbkdtks fuoacnrks Oartbdkz/Jadut kd 1223 ckonstrarnd' quk tbkdk uda

`rad rkgajbd ga jadtbcac ck prcbca ska y kg dokrn ck jbàrrbggns jndsuobcnscbarbaokdtk< uda pkrsnda quk fuoa ud jbàrrbggn ag ca bdjrkokdta ga prcbca ckgdbvkg ck bdskrjbd kd ud 8$;+' as gas quk fuoad 18 ag ca gn bdjrkokdtad kd ud;+ y gns quk fuoad 98 n os bdjrkokdtad kg rbks`n ck prcbca ck bdskrjbd kd ud18+ rkspkjtbvaokdtk%rkjnokdcajbd I"$ Xnr ntrn gacn' gns okjadbsons jkgugarksasnjbacns jnd kg jndsuon ck jbàrrbggn bdjguykd uda bdoudn/suprksbd' udakxa`kraca rkspuksta ck jgugas bdfgaoatnrbas kd gns tkmbcns nragks$ Kd sbtbns cndckkxbstk kdfkrokcac kd pajbkdtks fuoacnrks sk ea cnjuokdtacn quk kxbstk uda

cbsobdujbd ck nx`kdn kd gns tkmbcns sk`d gn ckoukstra Gnksjek kd 125: yOkttraux kd 1253' jrkadcn as ud aoibkdtk favnraigk para ga jngndbzajbd ckiajtkrbada adakrnibas @rao dkàtbvas$


59/88


;2

Bdtkrvkdjbd ckg rbks`n=Kxbstkd ogtbpgks tkrapbas para kg taiaqubson$ Agùdas skrkgajbndad jnd ga sustbtujbd ckg eibtn pnr adgn`ns jnon parjeks' jebjgkts quk

jndtbkdkd dbjntbda ktj$' jnd kg nimktbvn ck rkcujbr `racuagokdtk kg jndtkdbcn ckdbjntbda kd kg nràdbson y rkcujbr ga ckpkdckdjba quk gn`ra ksta sustadjba$Ykjbkdtkokdtk sk ead fudcacn prn`raoas bdtk`ragks adtbtaiajn kd ga oaynra ckgns skrvbjbns ck saguc quk tbkdkd jnon nimktbvn kg trataobkdtn' dn sgn acbjtbvn'sbdn psbjng`bjn ck kstns pajbkdtks$ Zbd koiar`n' a vkjks sk rkqubkrk uda ontbvajbdpara ckmar kg taiajn' as quk kg rkjndnjkr quk stk pukck kstar kdkradcn ga prcbcackdtag pukck jrkar ud bopajtn para ckmar kg eibtn$ Ck ksta oadkra kg kcujacnrkd saguc ckik kxpgbjar jgaraokdtk kg kfkjtn ckg taiajn snirk ga saguc nrag y kdkrag

ckg pajbkdtk y apnyargn para quk bd`rksk a ud prn`raoa adtbtaiajn para rktbrar kgeibtn$

9$;$6 AGJNENGBZON

Gns kstucbns rkpnrtacns prkskdtad uda kvbckdjba satbsfajtnrba ck ga asnjbajbdckg jndsuon ck agjneng jnd ga prkskdjba ck prcbca ck bdskrjbd pkrbncndtag yoaynr prnfudcbcac ck ga ingsa quk auokdta sb`dbfbjatbvaokdtk a oaynr jndsuon$Kd gns kstucbns quk jnoparad pajbkdtks agjnegbjns jnd jndtrngks quk dn

jndsuokd agjneng sk niskrva quk' gns agjnegbjns prkskdtad oaynr ajougn ckpgaja y oaynr prcbca ck bdskrjbd$ Zbd koiar`n' ag amustar kstk fajtnr sk oadtbkdkga asnjbajbd kdtrk agjneng y prcbca ck bdskrjbd gn quk su`bkrk quk fajtnrksbdekrkdtks ag jndsuon ck agjneng parkjkd tkdkr ud kfkjtn cbrkjtn snirk gns tkmbcnspkrbncndtagks y ga rkspuksta ckg euspkc gns juagks sk pntkdjbad jnd ga oaga eb`bkdkquk jarajtkrbza a ksta pnigajbd$

Kdtrk gns kstucbns quk ead kvaguacn kg kfkjtn ckg agjneng y ck gas crnàspsbjnajtbvas kd kg pkrbncndtn' Lenjet y jng$ kd 988: ead onstracn quk gas pkrsndas

crnàcbjtas y agjnegbjas tbkdkd oaynr rbks`n ck cksarrnggar kdfkrokcacpkrbncndtag' jnon bd`bvbtbs' bdjrkokdtn kd ga prcbca ck bdskrjbd y prnfudcbcacck ga ingsa %Ykjnokdcajbd C"$ Skzag y jng 9881$ Ykpnrtad quk kg jndsuon ckagjneng pukck afkjtar ag tkmbcn pkrbncndtag pnr cbfkrkdtks okjadbsons= 1" Kxbstkkvbckdjba ck quk kg agjneng tbkdk ud kfkjtn acvkrsn kd kg sbstkoa ck ckfkdsa ckgeuspkc quk sk asnjba jnd uda ckfbjbkdjba kd ga fudjbd ckfkdsbva ckg dkutrfbgn%cbsobdujbd kd ga acekrkdjba' onvbgbcac y kd su ajtbvbcac fa`njtbja" auokdtadcnga frkjukdjba ck ga bdfkjjbd$ 9" Kg agjneng tbkdk ud kfkjtn txbjn kd kg eàcn< ga

prncujjbd ck prntrnoibda' ga ajtbvbcac ck ga Vbtaobda L y kg okjadbson ckjnaùgajbd pukckd skr bdtkrruopbcns y sk pukckd prkskdtar ekonrra`bas$ [da


60/88

68


kxa`kraca bdfgaoajbd `bd`bvag' ud jngnr rnmn kd ga kdja y sad`racn kspndtdknsnd jnoudks kd pajbkdtks agjnegbjns$ :" Kg agjneng pukck bdtkrfkrbr kd kgoktaingbson prntkbjn y kd ga jbjatrbzajbd ck gns tkmbcns$ [da ebstnrba ck ckfbjbkdjbackg jnopgkmn ck vbtaobda I y ga ckfbjbkdjba ck prntkdas sk kdjukdtrafrkjukdtkokdtk kd agjnegbjns$ 3" Kstucbns Bd/Vbtrn su`bkrkd quk kg ktadng kstbougaga rkaisnrjbd ska y ignquka ga fnroajbd ck dukvn euksn$ ;" Fbdagokdtk' kgagjneng pukck tkdkr kfkjtns txbjns cbrkjtns kd kg tkmbcn pkrbncndtag$

Dnvkjkl y jng$ 122;ckonstrarnd quk gns prnigkoas pkrbncndtagks kd pajbkdtksagjnegbjns jnd kdfkrokcac ekptbja kstad prbdjbpagokdtk rkgajbndacns jnd gafagta ck eb`bkdk nrag$ Zk kstucbarnd 20 pajbkdtks' 63 agjnegbjns y :: dn/agjnegbjns' cbvbcbcns kd `rupns sk`d kcac$ Gns rksugtacns onstrarnd quk gnsdbvkgks ck eb`bkdk nrag' jubcacn ckdtag y kstacn jgdbjn pkrbncndtag kradckfbjbkdtks y quk gns cbkdtks jnd dkjksbcacks ck trataobkdtn kradsb`dbfbjatbvaokdtk oaynrks kd pajbkdtks agjnegbjns jnd jbrrnsbs jnopardcngnsjnd pajbkdtks dn agjnegbjns$ Saoibd sk niskrv quk gns pajbkdtks agjnegbjnsprkskdtad okdnr jadtbcac ck cbkdtks jnopardcngns jnd gns pajbkdtks dnagjnegbjns$ Kd kstk kstucbn sk jndjguy quk ga kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag aparkjkjnon jndskjukdjba ck uda fagta ck eb`bkdk nrag y ud pnirk jubcacn ckdtag$%Ykjnokdcajbd C"

Bdtkrvkdjbd ckg rbks`n=Ga prkskdjba ck sad`racn prnfusn bd`bvag' oas uda rkspukstapnsbtbva ag jndsuon ck agjneng' pukckd skr bdcbjatbvas ck can ekptbjn$ Zb kgpajbkdtk prkskdta sta jndcbjbd' ckikr skr rkfkrbcn ag skrvbjbn ocbjn bdcbjadcngns eaggaz`ns nragks jnd kg fbd ck kstucbar su jndcbjbd$

9$;$0 CBAIKSKZ OKGGBS[Z

Ga cbaiktks okggbtus ks ud trobdn usacn para cksjrbibr ud `rupn ck

cksrckdks oktaigbjns gns juagks sk cbstbd`ukd pnr agtkrajbd ck gns dbvkgks ck`gujnsa kd ga sad`rk y ud bdaprnpbacn oktaingbson ck gns jarinebcratns$ Gacbaiktks kst asnjbaca jnd ud rupn ck jnopgbjajbndks objrn y oajrnvajugarks$Kxbstk kvbckdjba quk sustkdta quk gns pajbkdtks cbaitbjns pnjn jndtrngacnsbdjrkokdtad kg rbks`n ck acqubrbr kdfkrokcac pkrbncndtag ckstrujtbva pnrjaoibns kd ga rkspuksta bdoudk ckg euspkc y ga enoknstasbs ckg tkmbcn$ Gnspajbkdtks cbaitbjns kxprksad uda skrbk ck agtkrajbndks quk gns eajk ossusjkptbigks a ga `bd`bvbtbs$ Kstas snd jnodokdtk

1" Cbsobdujbd ck ga acekrkdjba' qubobntaxbs y fa`njbtnsbs ck gns dkutrfbgns$


61/88


61

9" Agtkrajbd kd ga sdtksbs' oacurajbd y enoknstasbs ckg jng`kdn' ajnopaacapnr ud bdjrkokdtn kd ga ajtbvbcac ck ga jnga`kdaza kd kg tkmbcn `bd`bvag$

:" Kg auokdtn ck gns dbvkgks ck `gbjkoba favnrkjk ga `gbjnsbgajbd dn kdzbotbjack gas prntkdas quk jndstbtuykd ga oatrbz kxtrajkgugar' agtkrdcnsk gasbdtkrajjbndks kdtrk gas jgugas y ga oatrbz quk gas rncka$ Kstn obson afkjta gakstaibgbcac ckg jng`kdn y ga bdtk`rbcac ck ga parkc vasjugar$

3" Ga ajuougajbd kxa`kraca ck prncujtns prnvkdbkdtks ck ga `gbjnsbgajbd dnkdzbotbja taoibd favnrkjk ga fnroajbd y ajuougajbd ck racbjagks gbirks$

Ga cbaiktks ea sbcn asnjbaca jnd bdjrkokdtaca prkvagkdjba y skvkrbcac ck`bd`bvbtbs$ Znd varbns gns kstucbns kd gns quk kstk aspkjtn ea sbcn kstucbacn kdpnigajbndks bdfadtbgks' acngksjkdtks' oumkrks `kstadtks y acugtns jnd cbaiktksjnoparacns jnd jndtrngks sadns$ Kd kdkrag gns rkpnrtks dn arrnmad jndskdsn kdsus rksugtacns' gn quk pkrobtk afbroar quk ga prkskdjba ck cbaiktks frkjukdtkokdtk'pkrn dn sbkoprk' sk asnjba jnd bdfgaoajbd `bd`bvag bdjrkokdtaca$ Os ad' kgdbvkg ck jndtrng ck ga `gbjkoba pukck mu`ar ud papkg bopnrtadtk kd ga rkspuksta`bd`bvag adtk ga pgaja iajtkrbada kd oujens pajbkdtks ck ajukrcn jnd gn rkpnrtacnpnrOkagky y Onrbtz 9888$ %Ykjnokdcajbd C"

Bdtkrvk

guía de práctica clínica en salud oral - enfermedad gingival

Documents