GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING by Czarina Ann B. AlfonsoIntroductionSchool years might be thehappiest period in an individuals life. It is a point in ones life when friends are made,new experiences are encountered, and transitions turn upas one grows and builds character and personality. The school is anurturing environment where a person is cultivated and molded in preparation for adulthood

But the life of a student is not all that its cracked up to be. Especially that of a teenager. With raging hormones matched with a sea of seemingly grave dilemmas, who else can you turn to when no one seemsto listen?

GUIDANCE AD COUNSELING

Meaning of GuidanceGuidance is a continuous process of helping the individuals to understand themselves and their world.Guidance is an organized set of specialized services established as an integral part of the school environment designed to promote the development of studentsGuidance seeks to help an individual become familiar with facts about himself his interests, abilities, previous development and plansGuidance involves personal help given by someoneMeaning of CounselingCounseling is a personal relationship between a professionally trained counselor and someone who aims to assist him to communicate and meet his immediate needs and problemsCounseling is a process in which the structure of the self is relaxed in the safety of the relationship with the counselor Counseling is an interaction process which facilitates meaningful understanding of self and environmentCounseling is not giving of information, advise, it is not brainwashing, it is not forcing beliefs or behavior by persuasion or coercion. Rather it is providing conditions which facilitates voluntary change.Guidance and CounselingThe process of helping individuals discover and develop their educational, vocational, and psychological potentialities and thereby to achieve an optimal level of personal happiness and social usefulness.Guidance and Counseling plays a vital role in education settings; identifying potential barriers to learning, developing and assisting learners to overcome these barriers, assisting their transition from education to work, or supporting a transition into higher education or into further career opportunities.

The Need for GuidanceThe student life is getting complex day by day . Guidance is needed to help the students for optimum achievement and adequate adjustment in the varied life situations. Need analysis of the students in the schools shows the need of Guidance and counseling services , in the education, profession, vocation, social, health, moral, personal, and marital areas.

The Need for GuidanceTo help in the total development of the studentTo help in the proper choices of coursesTo help in the proper choice of careersTo help the students in vocational developmentTo develop readiness for choices and changes to face new challengesTo minimize the mismatching between education and employment and help in the efficient use of manpower.

The Need for Guidance7. To motivate the youth for self employment8. To help students establish proper identity9. To identify and motivate the students from weaker sections of society.10. To help the students in their period of turmoil and confusion11. To help in checking wastage and stagnation12. To identify and help students in need of special help.13. To ensure the proper utilization of time spent outside the classrooms.

The Need for Guidance14) To help in tackling problems arising out of students population explosion15) To check migration to prevent brain drain16) To make up for the deficiencies of home.17) To minimize the incidence of indiscipline.

Legal Bases of Guidance in the PhilippinesThe legal foundation of guidance in the Philippines has its own beginning in 1951 when the Joint Congressional Committee on Education, in its report to Congress stated:

there should be established in every secondary school a functional guidance and counseling program to help the students, to guide them in their work in school and at home and to help them solve their problems

Legal Bases of Guidance in the PhilippinesTo give more impact on the role of guidance in the Philippine educational system, Section 4 of Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 or the Education Act of 1982 states that the educational system shall aim toprovide for a broad general education that will assist each individual, in the peculiar ecology of his own society, to: a) attain his potentials as a human being; b) enhance the range and quality of individual and group participation in the basic functions of society; and c) acquire the essential educational foundation of his development into a productive and versatile citizenLegal Bases of Guidance in the PhilippinesThe realization of these objectives are stipulated under Section 3, Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution to which:All educational institutions shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological knowledge and promote vocational efficiency.Philosophy behind GuidanceThe underlying philosophies of guidance are as follows:Know the individualGuidance is primarily dedicated to implement the essential concern of democracy for the dignity and worth of the individualGuidance is a life-long processGuidance is based on human needsGuidance is an art of helping individual to plan their own action wisely, in the full light of all the facts about the world in which they will live and work

Guidance Functions and PrinciplesWhat is the functions of guidance?According to Jones, guidance does not solve the problems for and individual, rather, it helps the individual solve his problemsThis is made possible by making available to the individual all possible means, opportunities, avenues of value to himAs a result, there is an increased awareness in him which results to self knowledge, self-appraisal and self-understandingGuidance Functions and PrinciplesHow is education distinguished from guidance?Education deals with the entire scope of human development. All guidance is education but not all aspects of education are guidance. It is only when the cooperation of the individual is secured and assistance is given to him in meeting his goals that guidance is presentSeparation of the two is impossible. When the individual attempted consciously to goal without help, guidance is not presentHistory and Development of GuidancePseudo-scientific techniques in guidanceNumerology it is the study of the occult significance of numbersAstrology it is the divination of the supposed influences of the stars and planets on human affairs and terrestrial events by their positions and aspectsGraphology it is the study of handwriting especially for the purpose of character analysisPalmistry the art or practice of reading a persons character or future from the lines on the palmsHistory and Development of GuidancePseudo-scientific techniques in guidance

Phrenology the study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of mental faculties and character traitsPhysiognomy It is the art of discovering temperament, personality and character from onward appearanceSpiritualism a belief that spirits of the dead communicate with the living usually through a mediumThe Development of Guidance in the PhilippinesDr. Sinforoso Padilla Dean of Men of the University of the Philippines started in 1932 a Psychological Clinic which dealt with student cases of discipline, emotional, academic and vocational problemsSY 1934-1940, the Division of City Schools, Manila, selected and appointed Dean of Boys and Dean of Girls they are assigned to look after the general behavior and conduct of studentsNovember 1945 the first Guidance Institute seminar was held at the National Teachers College, Manila from No. 23 to Dec 13 with the United Army psychologist as resource person

The Development of Guidance in the PhilippinesGuidance Association of the Philippines participants of the Guidance Institute Seminar organized the association1952 the Division Superintendent of Schools recommended the establishment of guidance services in the public schoolsDecember 1953 another organization was organized, this was the Philippine Association of Guidance Counselors Advisement and Guidance Section was established by the United States Veterans Administration, setting up first systematic guidance program in the PhilippinesColleges and Universities started offering courses such as Counseling Psych, Industrial Psych, Clinical Psych and Human Service Tech.The Guidance Personnel and the Role of Teachers in GuidanceSchool Heads they determines the destiny of the guidance service by his attitude toward it. If he sees it as having the potential for aiding youngster in their development and decision-making chances are good that the service will flourishGuidance Counselor Stimulates interest of other staff members towards the guidance programSolicits the participation of studentsPlans the guidance program carefullyKeeps well-informed on educational trendsSeeks the advice and recommendations of othersThe Guidance Personnel and the Role of Teachers in Guidanced. Keeps parents, teachers and students informede. Counsel studentsf. Works closely with teachers3. The Teacher the teachers ideas, suggestions and aid are essential throughout all phases of the programs establishment and developmentThey provide appropriate learning experiences and aiding young people in their personal developmentResponsibilities of teachers in GuidanceEffective teachingNoting vocational possibilities of various subject areasThe Guidance Personnel and the Role of Teachers in GuidanceResponsibilities of teachers in Guidance3. Demonstrating a genuine interest in students4. Encouraging high academic achievement5. Holding individual conferences with students6. Providing anecdotal records7. Assisting the pupil inventory8. Making student referralThe Guidance Personnel and the Role of Teachers in Guidance4. School Doctors and Nurses They are invaluable assistance to the school guidance program by helping administrators and teachers to become more aware of their responsibilities to the children in the realm of health5. The School Librarian Her position in the guidance service is unique. They guide the childrens habits to love books to a great degree. The librarians help in the upgrading of childrens reading habits, ability and interests.