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GUJARAT HEAVY CHEMICALS LIMITED,
(GHCL Ltd.)
PRE-FEASIBILTY REPORT FOR
EXISTING
KHADSALIYA LIGNITE MINE
(Regarding Validation of Environmental Clearance Under the provision
of EIA Notification 2006 and in compliance of MoEF & CC Notification
Dated 06th April
2018)
V LLAGE KHADSALIYA
TALUKA BHAVNAGAR
DISTRICT BHAVNAGAR GUJARAT
Capacity 0.40 MTPA
Lease Area 171.0 Hectare
CONTENTS
Description Page No.
1.0 BACKDROP 1
2.0 LEASE DETAILS & STATUTORY CLEARANCES 1
2.1 PRESENT STATUS 2
3.0 BRIEF HISTORY OF MINING IN KHADSALIYA VILLAGE 3
4.0 PROJECT AND ITS OBJECTIVE 3
5.0 PROJECT SITE INFORMATION 5
5.1 TOPOSHEET NO WITH LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE 5
6.0 IMPORTANT SURFACE FEATURES 5
7.0 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE 6
7.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY 6
7.2 DRAINAGE PATTERN AND NATURAL WATER COURSE 6
8.0 CLIMATE AND VEGETATION 6
8.1 CLIMATE 6
8.2 VEGETATION 8
9.0 CURRENT LAND USE PATTERN 8
10.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 8
10.1 General Description of the Formations 8
10.1.1 Deccan traps 9
10.1.2 ALTERED BASALT 9
10.1.3 SUPAA TRAPEAN 9
10.1.4 KHADSALIYA CLAY 9
10.1.5 GAJ FORMATION 10
10.1.6 LAKHANKA FORMATION 10
11.0 LOCAL GEOLOGY 10
11.1 LIGNITE OF THE BASIN 12
11.2 SUB SURFACE STRATIGRAPHY 12
11.3 STRUCTURE 12
12.0 DESCRIPTION OF MINERALS 12
12.1 Lignite 12
12.1.1 Lignite seams 13
12.1.2 Mineable lignite seams 14
12.2 Overburden 14
12.2.1 Distribution of overburden strata 15
12.3 Soil 15
12.4 Sand 15
12.5 Clay 16
12.6 Inter burden 16
13.0 RESERVE 16
13.1 Lignite Reserves 16
13.2 Mineable Lignite 17
14.0 EXPLORATION DATA 17
14.1 CGM REPORT 17
15.0 RESERVE ESTIMATE 18
15.1 NORMS FOR MINEABILITY 19
15.2 RESERVE ESTIMATION BY THICKNESS CONTURE METHOD 20
16.0 GEOLOGICAL RESERVES AND GRADE 21
16.1 Lignite Reserves and Occurrences 21
17.0 QUALITY OF LIGNITE 22
17.1 Petrography of Lignite 22
17.2 Chemical Composition 22
18.0 TRANSPORT SYSTEM 23
18.1 Transportation of Men and Material 23
19.0 WATER PUMPING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM 23
19.1 Surface Water 23
19.2 Ground Water 23
20.0 METHOD OF WORKING 24
20.1 Method of Mining 24
20.2 BENCH GEOMETRY 24
20.3 QUANTUM OF LIGNITE PRODUCTION AND OB 25
20.4 Supporting Composite Plan 26
20.5 Rate of Lignite Production and Life of the Mine 26
20.6 SUPPORTING COMPOSITE PLAN 27
21.0 INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITY 29
21.1 Site Services 29
21.2 CONSTRUCTION OF WEIGH BRIDGE 29
21.3 SUPPLY OF ELECTRIC POWER 30
21.4 SUPPLY OF DRINGKING WATER 30
21.5 TRANSPORTATION OF MEN AND MATERIAL 30
21.6 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 30
21.7 MEDICAL FACILITIES 30
21.8 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL 30
22.0 CAPITAL COST ESTIMATE 31
23.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 31
23.1 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COST 32
23.2 AMOUNT OF CSR ACTIVITY CONTRIBUTION 33
24.0 BASELINE INFORMATION 34
24.1 EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN 34
24.2 WATER REGIME 34
24.3 CLIMATIC CONDITION 35
24.4 FLORA AND FAUNA 35
24.5 HUMAN SETTALMENTS 35
24.6 QUALITY OF AIR AND WATER 35
24.7 WHETHER THE AREA FALLS UNDER NOTIFIED AREA 38
24.8 CROPPING PATTERN 38
24.9 EXISTING OF NATIONAL PARK 38
25.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 38
26.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 39
26.1 Air Environment 39
26.2 Water Environment 39
26.3 Noise Environment 39
26.4 Land Environment / Land Use Planning 39
27.0 MEASURE FOR DUST SUPPRESSION 42
27.1 Measures to Minimize Vibration Due To Blasting And Check Noise
Pollution 43
28.0 AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME 43
28.1 Stabilization and Vegetation of Dumps 43
28.1.1 Proposed dumping area 44
28.1.2 Old dumps 44
28.1.3 Inside Dump yard 45
29.0 MEASURES FOR MINIMIZING ADVERSE EFFECT ON WATER
REGIME
45
29.1 Treatment and Disposal of Water from the Mine 45
29.2 Measures to Minimizing Adverse Effect on Water Regime 45
29.2.1 GROUND WATER 45
29.3 Socio-Economic Environment 45
29.4 Ecologically Fragile Area 46
29.5 Conceptual Mining Plan 46
29.6 Disaster Management Plan 46
1.0 BACKDROP
The development of a nation depends on industrial and agricultural growth. The
Post-independence era has witness Comprehensive industrialization in our country.
The importance of lignite in industrialization of Gujarat was forecasted as early as
1946 by Venkatappaiah, a Geologist of the Geological Survey of India
(GSI). The drilling to establish Lignite deposit in this Lakhanka-Khadsaliya Block
was done by Directorate of Mining and Geology, Govt. of Gujarat.
GHCL is allotted a captive Mining Lease for Lignite extending to 171.0 ha area at
VILLAGE Khadsaliya in Bhavnagar district to use lignite at its own chemical & power
Plant at V. Sutrapada. The area was initially explored by the State Dept. of Geology
& Mines (now Commissionerate of Geology & Mines).
In order to meet the requirement of their existing captive thermal power plant and its
expansion on a sustained long term basis GHCL had drawn up plans to open a new
lignite mine in Bhavnagar district at Khadsaliya .
2.0 LEASE DETAILS & STATUTORY CLEARANCES:
Following statutory clearances / approvals are received from different authorities:
i) Lignite block allotment: No. 47011/23/99-CPM Govt. of India ministry of mines and minerals, department of coal, New Delhi 4th April 2000.
ii) Approval of Mining Plan : Vide MoC letter no. 4024/4/97-Lig dated 23rd
Jan 2001 for annual production capacity of 0.4 million Tonne
iii) Environmental Clearance : Ministry of Environment & Forest vide its
letter no. J.11015/28/2002-IA.II(M) dated 7th October 2003
iv) Grant of ML by State Govt .: Vide GoG order No. MCR-1097-3052 (Part-
II)-CHH-I dated 24th June 2002
v) NOC from GPCB : Vide letter No. PC/NOC/BHV-
1
657/26763 dated 30/8/2001 vi) Permission from DGMS : DMS Udaipur letter No. UR/3315 dated 10-7-2007, renewed vide letter no. Ur/984 dated 19-2-2009, under Reg. 98
(1), 98 (3) under CMR 1957, without deep-hole blasting.
vii) Consent from GPCB : Consent vide Order No. AWH-96604
ix) Mine Closure Plan approved vide No. 48024/4/1997-Lig/CA-1 dated 3rd June
2016
2.1
PRESENTSTATUS
Now the applicant seeking for validity of the environmental clearance
as per provisions of EIA Notification, 2006 and recent notification of
MOEF&CC, New Delhi (S.O. 1530 (E) notification dated 6th April, 2018.
The mine is located at Village Khadsaliya, Taluka Bhavnagar, District Bhavnagar
Gujarat, having following Private and Government Khasara Nos. as given below:
LIST OF PRIVATE SURVEY NOS. OF VILLAGE “KHADSALIYA” FOR THE
LEASE
S.
No.
Village Survey No. Area in hect. Owners Name Remark
01 Khadsaliya 410/P 128.73.29 GOVERNMENT
02 59/p,60,62,3
6/1,63/2,64,
65,377,397,
398,399,400
42.26.71 PRIVATE
Grand Total 171.00.00
2
3.0 BRIEF HISTORY OF MINING IN KHADSALIY
VILLAGE
The Block /Mining lease is located about 35 Km south east of Bhavnagar city in
Bhavnagar Taluka and is well connected by all-weather roads from North of the
area to Bhavnagar via Ghogha and Koliyak
4.0 PROJECT AND ITS OBJECTIVE
This is existing lignite mine having mining lease area 171.00 Ha with
production capacity 0.40 MTPA for environmental clearance for Mining is
already granted for the lignite mining vide latter No. J.11015/28/2002-IA.II(M)
3
dated 7th October 2003 having production capacity of 4,00,000 TPA in 171.0 ha.
Area.
4
5.0 PROJECT SITE INFORMATION
The Khadsaliya Lignite deposit is at a distance of 35 km from Bhavnagar, The
area is well connected by all-weather roads. From the North the area is accessible
via Bhavnagar, Ghogha, and Koliyak. From the south the area has connected road
via Talaja, Tansa, & Morchand.
The nearest railhead is at a distance of about 35 Km from Bhavnagar.
5.1 Toposheet No. with latitude and longitude
The mining lease area falls in survey of India Toposheet No. 46C/2. Aerial distance
for site to SH 37 (Ghogha-Tansa) on west is about 5 Km. Gulf of Khambat is
almost 3 km on east side. The Location plan is shown in Fig. the Block with area
171 Ha allocated to GHCL falls in Survey of India Toposheet No. 46 C/2 within the
following coordinates:
Longitude 720 13’ 47” to 720 14’ 41”
Latitude 210 33’ 29” to 210 34’ 38”
6.0 IMPORTANT SURFACE FEATURES
The prominent physiographic features like the drainage pattern
(natural water courses/rivers), roads, location of villages are shown in the plan.
The area is generally characterized by flat to moderately undulating landscape
and the topography is gently sloping towards North and South.
The elevation of the area ranges from 66 m in the NW corner to 27 m. in S.E. the
area is mainly drained by Ramdasia River, South of the Mining Lease area,
flowing from West to East and into Gulf of Cambay.
5
7.0 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE
7.1
Physiography
The area falls on the Survey of India Toposheet No.46 C/2. The area is generally
characterized by flat to moderately undulating landscape and the topography is
gently sloping towards East & South East. The surface cover Alluvium, Coastal
dunes, mud flats and beach sands.
The elevation of the area ranges from 66m in the NW corner to 27 M in S.E. the
area is mainly drained by Ramdasia River, south of the mining Lease area following
from West to East and into Gulf of Cambay.
7.2 Drainage Pattern and Natural Water Course
There are no perennial river or major surface water bodies within the proposed
lignite field or mining lease area. The only river which is of significance is
Ramdasia River passing out side of mining lease area which flows from West to
East side and is entering Gulf of Cambay.
However this is a seasonal river and is dry most of the period except during
Monsoon, A canal (Shetrunjay is passing besides the lease area and flows from
South to North side.
8.0 CLIMATE AND VEGETATION
8.1
Climate
The characteristic feature of the climate are very hot summer and very low rainfall
during monsoon. In general, the year can be divided into three seasons
� Monsoon season, lasting from Late June to October
� Winter season , lasting from November to February
� Summer season, lasting from March to June.
The rainy period is hot and humid. Most of vegetative growth occur during
monsoon. The post monsoon period is again hotter with very high day temperature.
Usually, most of the vegetation dries out during this periods. Winter is mild and last
6
about three to three and half months. During this season the standing dry plants
also disappear and the ground looks almost barren. The summer is too dry and hot,
May being the hottest month. Wind are strong during summer and monsoon
seasons. The relative humidity reaches over 94% during monsoon and the rest of
the year is comparatively dry.
Year Rainfall in mm
1979 888.30
1980 461.50
1981 704.20
1982 251.6
1983 844.1
1984 536.7
1985 677.5
1986 317.5
1977 179.3
1988 655.6
1989 557.8
1990 857.6
1991 436.7
1992 694.6
1993 434.2
1994 751.5
7
8.2 Vegetation
Khadsaliya Lignite mining lease, most of the area is govt. waste land the
agriculture is limited to private land only. The plantation is only confined to
old/inactive dumps on the eastern periphery near mines office/Administrative
office on the South part of the Khadsaliya lignite mine lease, Desi Baval,
Bamboo, Gulmohar, Neem, trees etc. were planted in these areas. Mine-sump
Water is routed through clay lined pond(s) at surface where lime treatment is given
to neutralize the effect of Sulphur /pyrites. The entire water is used for dust
suppression, plantation and other miscellaneous use within mining area.
9.0 CURRENT LAND USE PATTERN
The initial land use pattern before mining operation was as follows:
Land type Private Govt. Goucher Total
Area in Hect. 42.2671 128.7329 171.0.0
10.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The geology of the mining area and Khadsaliya –Surkha blocks is part of the
Geology of Saurashtra Peninsula.
The Saurashtra Peninsula is bounded by Sea on all sides except on the North-
East where it is flanked by alluvial plains and formation ranging from
Jurocretaceous to recent coastal deposits.
The area under consideration predominantly exposes geological sediments that
were deposited on the basement provided by Deccan Basalt.
10.1 General Description of the Formations
The area is mostly covered by alluvium, coastal dunes. The area under
consideration predominantly exposes geological sediments that were deposited
8
on the basement provided by Deccan basalt. The geological formation based on
surface geological mapping and sub-surface lithological information of detailed
exploration, are as given. Such as Lakhanka formation (Agate conglomerate
formation), Gaj formation (Khadsaliya Clays) and Supratrapean Deccan trap.
10.1.1 Deccan traps
The rock is melanocratic in colour, hard compact and fine to medium grained
under microscope, it shows sub-ophitic texture. Plagioclase feldspar and
pyroxene are the main constituents.
10.1.2 Altered Basalt
The rock is gray in colour .It is soft and fine grained under microscope it
shows fine grained texture it is mainly consisted of laths and feldspar and
proxene.
10.1.3 Supra Trappean
The rock samples show shades of light gray and white. It is semi compact and
fine grained.
10.1.4 Khadsaliya Clay
I The rock is greenish grey/ash grey in colour. It is soft and fine-grained.
It is sticky by nature. At places, it contains microfossils. Under the
microscope. It shows extremely fine grained texture. On the basis of
colour R.I. birefrigerence, the sample mainly consists of ilite with
subordinate amount of kaolinite and montmorrillonite.
II Carbonaceous shale it is blackish in colour soft and fine grained. It soils
the finger. It contains lignite partings at places. It contains minute specks
of pyrite. It partially burns when ignited. And leaves behind some ash and
clays mass.
10.1.5 Gaj Formation
Variegated Clay
It shows shades of yellow reddish, grey and white it is soft and fine grained. It is
sticky by nature. When dipped in water, it readily swells.
10.1.6 Lakhanka Formation
Conglomerate/sandstone
Most of the conglomerate and sandstone occurring in the area are loose and
friable in nature. The conglomerate is consisted of pebbles of chalcedony, agate,
quartz and sandstone. The sandstone is ferruginous hard and compact at places.
The sandstone and conglomerate wherever compact and hard can be used as
building stone.
11.0 LOCAL GEOLOGY
The Khadsaliya ML area predominantly exposes geological sediments that were
deposited on the basement provided by Deccan Basalt. The geological formations
are as given below:
Formations Lithology
Recent Alluvium, Coastal dunes and Beach sand, mud clays,
soil etc.
--------------------------------------- Unconformity ------------------------------------------------
Lakhanka Agate Conglomerate &
Formation (Agate Associated ferruginous
Conglomerate sandstone with intercalations
Formation) of clays. 9
------------------------------------- Unconformity ------------------------------------------------
Gaj Formation Variegated sandstone, Marl,
Conglomerate and impure
Limestone, Gypsum Clays.
------------------------------------- Unconformity --------------------------------------------
Khadsaliya Gray to greenish gray clays
Clays With carbonaceous clay and lignite
With siderite nodules.
------------------------------------- Unconformity ---------------------------------------------
Supratrapean Laterite, lithomarge, bentonite
------------------------------------- Unconformity --------------------------------------------
Deccan Trap Basaltic lava flows with intrusive Dykes.
Out of these formations, only three types of soil are exposed within the ML area.
These are alluvial soil, Conglomeratic ferruginous sandstone and Grey Bentonitic
Clays. All other formations are revealed from quarry exposures or from the
examination of cores & cuttings from exploratory boreholes. Lignite Seams are
associated with greenish gray colored clays and carbonaceous Clays.
The lower most grey clay-bed is nearly continuous bed of varying thickness. The
grey clay / bentonitic clay are overlain by the carbonaceous clay-bed. There are
few lenses of sand, sandstone, carbonaceous clay and lignite which are
completely or partially embedded in the grey clay. The lignite lenses vary in
lateral extensions and thickness. In some locations there are more than one
lenses of lignite, grey bentonitic clay and the lenses are overlain by a
uniformly thick and continuous carbonaceous clay-bed
The lignite seam consists of brown soft and friable lignite which contains
yellow resinous material, clayey pockets and high water content.
10 11
The lignite seam is overlain by the upper carbonaceous clay similar in
composition to the lower carbonaceous clay. The upper carbonaceous clay is in
turn overlain by the grey, plastic, bentonitic clay in which the proportion of sand
increases towards the top. The grey clay passes into the sandy clay without any
apparent break. All the rock beds overlying the lignite seam are overlain by
the uniformly thick ferruginous sandstone with a distinct angular sphericity.
11.1 Lignite of the basin:
Lignite beds in the area extend in length from Lakhanka to about 12 km and towards
north with about 1-3 km in width. The average gradient of the lignite seams vary
from 50 to 100, dipping from the edges of the basin towards the central part of the
basin. The thickness of the seam is more at the contact of trap
While it thins out towards sea.
11.2 Sub-Surface Stratigraphy:
The sub-surface stratigraphy, constituting the overburden overlying lignite seams, in
the ML area are soil, conglomeratic ferruginous sandstone & clays.
11.3 Structure:
The strike of the lignite seams is roughly North-South and dipping towards sea i.e.
eastwards. Broadly the overburden ratio increases towards sea while thickness of
lignite decreases towards Trap.
12.0 DESCRIPTION OF MINERALS
12.1 Lignite
In coal series lignite is placed between peat and bituminous coal. The
degree of qualification and type of vegetal matter are responsible for various
ranks of coal.
12
The lignite deposit shows an abundance of plant remains in the form of
wood, stem, barks, roots and leaves. This clearly indicates that the lignite is
formed from the plant remains.
During early stages of tertiary period, the climatic conditions favored the
growth of vegetation. The torrential streams carrying such plant matter might
have formed swamps. Due to biochemical actions in the beginning the
vegetal matter might have turned into peat and subsequently in to lignite
due to dynamic thermal action. The knowledge of the lignite in this area has
been based mainly on the bore hole data.
12.1.1 Lignite
seams
The boreholes revealed the presence of two major/persistent lignite seam
with an average thickness of 4.0 meters. Two lignite horizons have been
identified and designated as top and bottom horizon respectively. A part from
these two horizons, some local seams are also formed to have developed in this
block. The variation of the Effective cumulative thickness of top and bottom
horizon is as given below.
Horizon Cumulative Thickness Minimum Maximum
Top Seam 01 2 4
Bottom Seam 02 0.33 1.5
12.1.2 Mineable lignite seams
Lignite seams within overall stripping ratio of 1:15 (Lignite: OB) and of cut off
thickness above 0.5 m are considered as mineable seams. There are non-
mineable/uneconomic split seams with a thickness of 0.2 meter to 0.3 meter (Bore
hole No. 22) Is also observed in the center of the lease hold. Ultimate pit
bottom designed for mining cannot permit to go up to the bottom to mine
uneconomic split seams and are ignored while planning.
12.2 Overburden
The overburden formation in Lakhanka block (Khadsaliya mine lease) is
covered under a blanket of sandy soil. The overburden formations are
predominantly erinaceous in nature with small argillaceous bands represented by
clays and sandy clays.
Details about the depth of occurrence of these two horizons as given below:
Horizon Maximum
No. of
bands
Depth of occurrence in meter
Roof Floor
Min. Max. Min. Max.
Top 1 35.71 (KBH-
11
3)
74.55
(NKBH-35)
39.11
(KBH-11)
77.5 (NKBH-35)
Bottom 0 42 (KBH-
11)
79.3
(NKBH-35)
47.75
(KBH-11)
80.81 (NKBH-35)
The overburden consists of varied colored friable sandstone and clays.
Their characteristics are dealt in the Economic Minerals section separately. The
13 14
Silica Sand is of inferior quality which can be used only after
scrubbing/processing.
12.2.1 Distribution of overburden
strata
The litho units in overburden strata have been found well distributed almost
throughout the area. While the extreme variation in thickness of the overburden
has been observed in the range of 35.71 m (KBH-11) to 74.55 (NKBH-35). The
thickness of overburden varies between 45m to 74m is very frequent.
12.3 Soil
This formation covers entire block and generally occurs between 0.00m to
1.40mThis soil is generally sandy in nature.
12.4 Sand
This litho unit is found to develop in most part of the area. It displays
various colors ranging from light, brown to dart brown, yellow and grey.
Occasionally this sand is found to be rich in argillaceous and ferruginous matter.
15
12.5 Clay
This formation hosts lignite in most part of the area. The minimum cumulative
thickness of this formation is recorded in borehole MRP-18 as 2.30m while
maximum cumulative thickness is recorded in borehole MRP-14 as
12.6 Inter
burden
Interbred formation in the Khadsaliya lignite mine represented by clay. In most of
the cases litho units between top and bottom horizon form interbred. The
minimum and maximum thickness of interbred varies from 2.00m to 3.00m
13.0 RESERVE
13.1 Lignite
Reserves
Mining Plan was prepared taking into consideration Geological Reserves of 7.8
million tonnes based purely on CGM’s report. Considering thumb rule based
reductions, Mining & Recoverable Reserves were estimated at 6.40 & 5.76 million
Tonnes respectively, as under:
1. Gross Geological reserves ... 7.80 million tonnes
2. Net Geological Reserves (90% of 1) ... 7.02 million tonnes
3. Less in Uneconomical areas & mine slopes … 0.62 million tonnes
4. Net Reserves for mining (2‐3) ... 6.40 million tonnes
5. Less Losses in mining (10%) ... 0.64 million tonnes
6. Net Recoverable Reserves (4‐5) ... 5.76 million tonnes
13.2 Mineable Lignite
The criteria which are taken in to consideration for mineable lignite are as
under
Cut off thickness Lignite seam 0.3 meter
Cut of depth of Lignite Seam 80.0 meter
Cut of stripping ratio 1:15
The area where Lignite seam are more than 80 m. Depth, may be up to 150
meters, a ratio of 1:15 is considered economic and cut off thickness of lignite seam
is kept 0.3m. On the basis of above criteria mineable lignite block has been
defined.
The mining losses are considered @ of 10% as such the mineable reserve of the
Khadsaliya block is 6.82 x 0.90 = 6.138 million tones.
Certain mineral remains tied up in the barriers which are to be left as per the
provision of rules and safety against nallah, river, road, adjoining lease etc. The
tied up lignite reserve for the Khadsaliya lignite block and net extractable lignite
reserve available are as under
a. Tied up lignite reserve = 0.69 million tones
b.
Net extractable lignite reserve
= 6.138 million tones
14 Exploration Data Total 66 exploratory boreholes have been drilled in the identified / Mining Lease
area, 26 nos. by the CGM prior to allocation of the Mining Lease and subsequently
another 40 nos. by the Company, in three different phases.
14. 1 CGM Report
The CGM drilled 26 boreholes in the identified area (ML area), with total drilling of
1812.43 m. Additional 21 boreholes with 1363.2 m of drilling in the area adjacent to
16
17
the identified area (ML area), were also taken into consideration while preparing the
report by the CGM. Out of 26 boreholes falling in the ML area, lignite was
encountered in 21 boreholes.
10 boreholes were drilled at grid‐spacing of 400 m and all these jointly form the
North Block. Other 11 boreholes were drilled at grid‐spacing of 200 m (except for
325J) and these boreholes jointly form the South Block. Two prominent lignite
seams varying in thickness from 0.80 m to 8.10 m were encountered in the drilling.
The third seam of lignite, below these two lignite seams, was also countered but
only in a limited area. The maximum thickness of lignite encountered in identified
area is 9.15 m (BH no. 320). The thickness of lignite is less at the fringes while it
increases at the central part of the area. The depths of the lignite seams vary from
28.65 to 67.71 m.
Total Geological Reserves are estimated as 7.80 million tonnes, in the CGM
Exploration, with stripping ratio wise break up as under:
Below 1:5 ratio ... 877500 tonnes
Between 1:5 to 1:10 ... 2053630 tonnes
Between 1:10 to 1:15 ... 2864800 tonnes
Between 1:15 TO 1:20 ... 584350 tonnes
Between 1:20 to 1:30 ... 1123175 tonnes
Above 1:30 ... 299900 tonnes
7803355 tonnes
I.e. 7.8 million tonnes.
14.2 Borehole Density
Total No. of borehole drilled = 57
Area of Block = 171 hectare
Density of BH/Km2 = 33.33 BH/Km2
15.0 RESERVE ASSESSMENT – VARIOUS
COMBINATIONS
Geological Reserves of Lignite are assessed in the CGM report as well as in the
Mining Plan based up on data of CGM boreholes only. After drilling of NBH & KBH
series boreholes, no fresh estimate was worked out. But, recently after drilling of
NKBH series of Boreholes, the drilling agency calculated Geological & Mineable
Reserves based upon NKBH NHs only. This prompted the Company to prepare a
fresh estimate which showed much less Reserves in comparison to the Reserves
established by CGM Report and the Mining Plan. This led to the worries and this
assignment.
After study of the various reports / exploration data as discussed in the previous
Chapters, we decided to work out estimate by manual graphical (or polygon)
method as well as by taking help of some suitable software. These are discussed in
the following clauses.
15.1 Norms for Mineability:
While making assessment of Geological Reserves, all lignite seams are taken into
consideration, irrespective of thickness, quality, depth, stripping ratio, topography
etc. Assessment of Mineable Reserves needs exclusion of some BHs or their
influence zone in full or part. However, no guidelines norms were set and the
different agencies were taking into consideration their own norms. In the recent
past, the State Govt. has prescribed some basic norms for assessment of mineable
reserves.
These include:
Minimum seam thickness ... 0.30 m
Max. Depth of Seam from Surface ... 150 m
Max. Linear Stripping Ratio ... 1:15
No specific norms were provided for caloric value but by practice a CV of 2500
kcal/kg is generally taken into consideration. Based up on the discussions held with
the senior executives of the Company norms were further modified and decided for
assessing Mineability as under:
18
Minimum seam thickness ... 0.30 m
Max. Depth of Seam from Surface ... 150 m
Max. Linear Stripping Ratio for top seam ... 1:20
Linear Stripping Ratio from seam to seam ... 1:15
Overall Linear stripping ratio ... 1:20
Calorific Value (in Kcal/kg) ... 2500
Max. Sulphur contents ... 5 %
Max Ash contents ... 20%
GHCL Ltd. - Khadsaliya Deposit
Assessment of Lignite Reserves
-----------------------------------------------------
It was also thought that while carrying out actual mining, it might not be possible to
separate out parts of seam having high Sulphur and/or Ash contents. The Company
has already installed a plant at the mine site which separates out pyrites and helps
in reduction of Sulphur content. Also in some cases, ash content is shown high but
CV falls within the acceptable norm. As such, rejection of part or full seams has not
been considered even if these constituents were found high. All other factors were
taken into consideration while deciding Mineability.
15.2 Reserve Estimation by Thickness Contour Method:
Reserve estimation is also made with help of software, drawing lignite thickness
contours, calculating area of influence of each thickness contour and then working
out the quantities. Four different exercises have been carried out for reserve
estimation Based on these different sets of BHs, as is also done in by graphical
method described earlier:
a) CGM BHs only,
b) CGM & KBH BHs,
c) NKBH, KBH & selected CGM BHs.
d) All positive Boreholes.
19
20
However, the software developed model is just being taken as a guide line
and to understand the structure of the deposit and not for the actual
estimation purposes
16.0 GEOLOGICAL RESERVES AND GRADE
16.1 Lignite Reserves and Occurrences
The gross geological reserves of lignite of category UNFC
(111+121+221) were considered as 7.8 million tonnes
Reserve estimation plan was prepared in the scale of 1:5000 for the insitu
geological reserves in the GHCL lease and is of the order of 7.8 million tones. Out
Pit Particulars Estimate using
Mining
Software
Estimate by
Graphical
Method
1. Two Pit Model:
North Pit Ext. Lignite in mT 1.6 1.69
OB Removal mM3 35.90 32.95
Stripping Ratio 1 : 22.40 1 : 19.50
South Pit Ext. Lignite in mT 3.04 3.58
OB Removal mM3 31.77 26.77
Stripping Ratio 1 : 10.44 1 : 7.48
TOTAL Ext. Lignite in mT 4.64 5.27
OB Removal mM3 67.67 59.71
Stripping Ratio 1 : 14.58 1 : 11.33
2. Single Pit
Model:
Ext. Lignite in mT 6.06
OB Removal mM3 71.26
Stripping Ratio 1 : 11.76
of which 6.82 million tonnes will be of (UNFC 111) economical geological reserve
within the overall economic stripping ratio of 1:15 in the selected mining block.
The lignite contains Pyritious and resinous material which on oxidation
crumbles as a result it loses its compactness. Some plant fossils are
also seen. The studies conducted earlier indicate that the lignite is
mainly of attrital type constituting palaeontological assemblage comprising
of algal and fungal remains, resins, spores and angiosperm pollen etc.
Some samples are reported to be of non attrital type constituting tissues of
bark and woody elements. It is coffee brown to brownish black in color. The seam
is consistent in thickness. The thickness of overburden increases considerably
towards west.
17.0 QUALITY OF LIGNITE
17.1 Petrography of
Lignite
The lignite is of compact, compressed vegetative and ligneous matrix
showing pale brownish black color. It is friable & fine textured. Cracks and
cleavages are often seen along which the specimen splits and breaks into pieces.
Thin films of clayey matter are also present along the fractured planes.
Microscopic examination reveals two types of constituents namely semi
xyloid and amorphous type among the samples. The xyloid component retains
some structures. The nature and arrangement of the pores and rays suggests
dichotomous plant forms of angiosperms. The material seems to be composed of
twigs and branches, since the lignite is of recent age (Eocene) fungal remains
are preserved together with plant tissues.
17.2 Chemical
Composition
21
The results of proximate analysis of lignite indicate high ash content, varying from
13.60% to 63.92% and high Sulphur content. The high ash content is due to high
mineral matter in it. The high Sulphur is due to inorganic constituents such as
marcasite and pyrite developed under sub-aquatic depositional conditions. The bed
moisture content of lignite usually varies from 35 to 45% while on air dried basis, it
varies from 4.1 to 24.94%. A statement showing thicknesses of different seams
encountered in boreholes along with quality parameters is attached as
.i) Proximate Analysis: The proximate analysis of lignite samples showed following
variations Table Results of Proximate Analysis of Lignite Samples
Particulars Minimum (%) Maximum (%) Weighted (%)
Average
Moisture 4.10 24.94 10.21
Ash 13.60 63.92 30.37
Volatile Matter 17.55 43.92 33.89
Fixed Carbon 11.38 34.88 24.61
Calorific Value (Kcal/Kg) 1849 5134 3603
18.0 TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Lignite is being transported from the mine pit to the lignite stock . The lignite
mined by hydraulic excavators is loaded on to the trucks. After the loading, the
lignite is weighed at the weighbridge and then moved to the destination Sutrapada
plant (Lignite is for only captive use).
18.1 Transportation of Men and Material
The Staff buses are carrying the men during shift hours Senior Managers are
provided with Car for constant monitoring of the mine working.
22
19.0 WATER PUMPING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
19.1 Surface
Water
The surface water flowing in Satrunjay cannel will not be affected at any
time as sufficient precautionary measures have already been taken.
19.2 Ground
Water
As the ground water below lignite horizon will not be exposed at any time
during mining operation, the quality of the ground water will not be polluted.
20.0 METHOD OF WORKING
20.1 Method of
Mining
The Khadsaliya lignite mine is proposed to be operate by mechanized opencast
method of mining with conventional mining equipment i.e. Shovel and
dumper combination. The overburden strata is soft and clayey which does not
require any blasting and can be easily excavated by hydraulic excavators,
including lignite seam.
The overburden is proposed to be excavated by hydraulic excavator of 0.9
to 2.5 M3 bucket capacity with matching size of haulers (dumper) of 16 T and 35
T. capacity The excavated overburden shall be stacked on proposed waste
dump site and it is also proposed to use OB for back filling of the decoaled
area of existing Khadsaliya block which is on north side of the this block at an
average lead of 1 to 1.5 km. The overburden shall be dumped and pushed down
and leveled by dozers. The average gradient of haul road shall be 1 in 16 except
short ramp of 1 in 10, which shall be made as and when required of small stretch.
The haul roads and ramp proposed shall be regularly graded by
graders and maintained in good condition.
23
20.2 Bench Geometry
Since the overburden strata is soft and of low comprehensive
strength, bench geometry of 5m height and 5m widths is proposed for
stability. It is also proposed to keep every 3rd of 7.5 m wide, which will reduce the
overall slope of the benches to ensure better stability.
Height of bench - 5 m Width of
bench - 5 m
The overall slope - 360 (1 in 1.5)
The bench width of development and advancing faces shall be kept 20 m to 30 m
wide to facilitate safer movement of the machineries.
20.3 Quantum of Lignite production and OB generation
24 25
20.4 supporting composite plan showing pit layout dumps, stack
of top soil is enclosed please refer plate no. 4/I. (Present mine plan)
Sr. Financial Production from Mines Over burden Removal Over burden
Removal OB
No. Year SOUTH PIT NORTH PIT TOTAL SOUTH PIT NORTH PIT TOTAL Ratio
(Qty in Mt). (Qty in Mt). (Qty in Mt).
(Qty in
Cum)
(Qty in
Cum) (Qty in Cum)
on Total
OB
1 2004-05 73884.861 0 73884.861 3029700.96 0 3029700.962 41.005707
2 2005-06 165906.101 0 165906.101 2094882.43 0 2094882.434 12.626916
3 2006-07 158202.447 0 158202.447 4032839.01 0 4032839.013 25.491635
4 2007-08 91359.347 0 91359.347 745581.332 0 745581.332 8.1609748
5 2008-09 232977.968 0 232977.968 1943395.76 0 1943395.761 8.3415431
6 2009-10 311575.455 0 311575.455 2925958 0 2925958 9.3908488
7 2010-11 306103.525 0 306103.525 2690284.32 0 2690284.324 8.7888054
8 2011-12 394033.843 0 394033.843 3397267.27 0 3397267.273 8.6217652
9 2012-13 313032.574 0 313032.574 4772200.37 0 4772200.368 15.24506
10 2013-14 190096.185 0 190096.185 2914410.34 1086138.68 4000549.021 21.044867
11 2014-15 142140.219 57768.1725 199908.391 84895.456 4666861.18 4751756.633 23.769671
12 2015-16 0 91860 91860 0 2885574.97 2885574.967 31.412747
13 2016-17 0 78460.483 78460.483 0 1106297.11 1106297.109 14.100055
14 2017-18 0 56532.7965 56532.7965 0 1058228.94 1058228.938 18.71885
15
2018-19
(Till
Nov`2018) 0 63946.031 63946.031 0 1333914.92 1333914.916 20.860011
Total 2004-05
to 2018-19 (Till
Nov`2018) 2379312.52 348567.483 2727880.01 28631415.3 12137015.8 40768431.05 14.945097
20.5 Rate of lignite production and life of the mine
First five year
capacity-
Initially the capacity of mine proposal low as the overall stripping
ratio is 1:15 and according the development is to be carried out.
The mine will reach to its rated capacity of 0.40 mill tones in 5th year
starting from 0.073 lakh tones in first year. The overburden removal target
is slowly increased as it’s requires lot off capital investment and after
generating sufficient revenue in succeeding years the management
shall be capable to operate the mine at its rated capacity.
a.
b.
Annual target of lignite production
Total mine able reserve
=
=
4, 00,000T
6.82 M.tonnes
c.
d.
Production in first five year of
Mining Balance at the end of 15th
year
=
=
0.719 M tones
3.03 M Tonnes
e.
Life of the mine at the end of 15th
year
= .
08 yr
f. The total life of the mine = 15+8 = 23 year.
26
20.6 supporting composite plan showing pit layout dumps, stack of top soil is enclosed please refer plate no. 4/I.
27
Life of Mine
The life of the Khadsaliya lignite mine deposit is 23 year as per the mining
scheme and annual Capacity of 4, 00,00T of lignite production proposed. In
case, if annual production capacity could not achieve, life shall be increased in
that manner.
Market Demand and Life of the mine
The above lift of the mine is estimated on the rated capacity of 0 .40 mill tones of
lignite production. But the lignite production is directly linked with the market
demand and as such there will be up and down in the proposed lignite
production annually, in such cases there is possibility of extension of life of the
then estimated one
The Khadsaliya lignite deposit is proposed to work by mechanized opencast
mining method with conventional mining equipment’s i.e. shovel and dumper
combination. The Strata is soft including lignite hence can easily be
excavated by hydraulic excavator without blasting. Higher capacity excavator
of above 3.5 m3 bucket capacity proposes the overburden removal with 35 T
matching size dumpers. The lignite production is proposed by 1 m3 bucket
capacity excavator considering nature of lignite.
The deposit shall be opened up by driving a ramp of 20 m width of 1/16 gradient
from South-East side and will approach top of lignite seam at a depth of 43 m
from surface at borehole no. KBH-9.
The ramp shall be driven from North-East to south-West in the ultimate
mine pit benches of East side. The mine working (active) faces are proposed to
advance from East to West direction, x-section of mine workings. The
overburden generated in first two year is proposed to stack at proposed
site on North-west side. Where the height of dump is proposed 30m to
keep land degradation minimum. The
O.B. generated in 3rd year is proposed to back filled in decoaled area of
adjoining
Existing operating block. Another waste dump site is also proposed on North-
West side to accommodate future OB generated. The back filling shall be
carried out from the 4th year beginning at decoaled area on southern
boundary of the deposit. Separate stack is also proposed for stacking of
top-soil available during excavation.
21.0 INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITY
21.1 Site Services
The infrastructure facilities to this mine are explained here and will
include the provision of the following:
• Mine site office
• Mines Canteen cum rest shelter
• Mines vocational training center
• First aid room
• Electrical sub station
• Weigh bridge with cabin
• Approach road from village to mine
• Security office cabin
• Pyrite nodule separation plant
21.2 Construction of Weigh Bridge at Mines
28
One Mechanical Weighbridge is exclusively kept for weighment of lignite,
installed near administrative building and main road for easy transportation of
lignite after weighment.
21.3 Supply of Electric Power
One 11 KV overhead line from which the electricity is stepped down to
440 V substation near mines canteen. This power is sufficient for mine
lightings and for the pump age of water. In addition to this, 125 KVA DG sets are
available to provide emergency power requirement for pumping.
21.4 Supply of Drinking Water and other Water Required for Dust
Suppression etc.
The drinking water for person employed in mines, domestic use and water
required for dust suppression.
21.5 Transportation of Men and Material
The Staff buses are carrying the men during shift hours. Senior Managers are
provided with jeep for constant monitoring of the mine working.
21.6 Communication System
P&T telephone network is available at office premises. Mines managers are also
provided mobile for instant communication purpose.
21.7 Medical Facilities
1 nos. of ambulance van for emergency transport of injured or patient.
Periodical medical examination of all the staff is regularly being done with the
help of dispensary.
21.8 Employment Potential
29 30
The man power required for the production of 1.0 million tonnes per year is as
follows:
S. No. Designation Qualification Strength
1 Agent/Mines Manager First class (coal) 1
2 Safety Officer “ 1
3 V.T. Officer “ 1
4 Asstt. Manager (Mines) Second class 3 *
5 Colliery Engineer Mechanical degree 1
6 Over Man /Foreman certificate holder 1
7 Mining Sirdar/mate “ 1
8 Mine Surveyor “ 1
9 Labor welfare office 1
10 H.E.M.M. operators
(Excavator, Dozer, Dumper,
54
11 Spotter 1
12 Mechanic 1
13 Auto Electrician 1
14 Electrical Supervisor 1
15 Pump attendant 1
16 Time keeper 1
TOTAL 72
* One Asst. Manager shall have first class (Coal) certificate.
22.0 CAPITAL COST ESTIMATE
Total capital cost is appx. 2400 Lakhs towards mining equipment to
produce lignite.
23.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental protection and control is now a global concern. The deterioration
often results from the activities by human being by extraction of minerals. It is
imperative that in order to ensure continued and sustained progress of
the mining industry, the environmental dimensions should be
31
integrated in to the planning, design, development, and operation and
working practices of mining on scientific and rational lines.
Every new mining project is appraised by detailed EIA/EMP, which is a
statutory requirement under Environment Protection Act, 1986. Open cast
mining involves excavation and movement of large volumes of Earth crust.
These operations have multi facet effect on environment and the eco-system.
Therefore, the environment management system is very important in open cast
mining and it can be implemented by proper monitoring and control systems.
Environmental Protection Cost
SN Activity Lump Sum cost (Rs. In Lac)
PMC
Period
FMC
Period
Post
Closure
Total
Provision
1. Barbed wire fencing around ponds,
Temple & Oxy. Park, Children park
& Playground etc. with suitable gates etc.
20
20
10
50
2. Dismantling of Plant & other
structures and cleaning of site inclusive of
transportation of material away from site
-
10
20
30
3. Development of Children Park
with fruit bearing trees, Library & Play Ground
35
-
-
35
4. Plantation for Oxygen Park
-
30
55
85 Development of Hill top Temple
With water supply & storage arrangements.
5. Development of Green Belt 10 - - 10
6. Development of Ponds along with
provision of stone-pitching, retaining walls,
water over-flow point etc.
25
35
40
100
7. Land Reclamation (Re-handling &
Spreading of top soil over backfilled area and
Development of Gauchar Land by planting trees,
shrubs & fodder.)
300
300
150
750
8. Provision of surface drainage
system
10
10
5
25
9. Repair and development of Internal
Roads
-
15
5
20
10. Supervision & Post Closure -
Environmental Monitoring
-
-
50
50
11. Provision for Trust Fund - - 50 50
TOTAL 400 420 385 1205
32
Amount Of CSR Activity Contributed In Last 05 years – By Khadsaliy Lignite
mine GHCL. DETAILS OF PROPOSED CSR ACTIVITY:
33
AMOUNT OF CSR ACTIVITY CONTRIBUTED IN LAST 05 YEARS – By GMDC
LTD.
Year
2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018
Amount in Rs. 1985481.55 2411650.42 1002259.04 1398767.2 603648.76
24.0 BASELINE INFORMATION
24.1 Existing Land Use Pattern
The corporation possesses the surface right for the current mining lease
for the private survey numbers lying in the Khadsaliya lignite mine lease
and rest of land is government waste land.
24.2 Water Regime
The Satrunjay cannel which flows on the East side of the deposit and is a
seasonal one, which carries water only in summer months. For a few day.
There are tube wells in the nearby villages and are used by the
villages for drinking eastern side of village Khadsaliya. In Khadsaliya
village the water table in tube well is at about 50.
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
More than 2.0 % of profit will be contributed to
need based CSR activity on first come first
requirement.
34
24.3 Climatic Condition
The monsoon here is generally heavy compare to other part
of Gujarat, which generally start in late June and continue up to middle
of September. Average annual rainfall is 550 mm. Winter month to
pleasant. The temperature during post monsoon goes down to 12.5oC and
summer months goes above 430C.
24.4 Flora and Fauna
The floral species found in the whole of the study area representative of
the “6/E3-Rann saline Thom scrub forest type” under the forest type
classification of champion and seth. private land owners grow cotton
Bajra, Jowar, Tuvardal and pulses etc. For their lively hood. Neem
trees, mango trees, Banyan trees, etc.
24.5 Human Settlements
There is no human settlements is required for the Khadsaliya Lignite block.
24.6 Quality of Air & Water
The quality of water is within the prescribed limit as per available data.
The quality of ambient air is within the permissible limits of 3mg/cubic
meter inside the mine. Dust suppression is regularly being done through water
spraying.
35
36
37
24.7 Whether the Area Falls Under Notified Area under Water Act, 1974
This area does not form part of area notified under water Act, 1974.
24.8 Cropping Pattern
Out of 171.0 hectare of lease hold area only 42.26 hectare of lease hold area are
private lands where crops like cotton, Bajra, Millet and pulses are being
cultivated by the villagers.
24.9 Existing of National Park, Wild Life Sanctuary, and Reserve Forest
Etc.
No national park and wild life Sanctuary etc. Is located in the vicinity of the
lease hold area. 42.224.10 Preparation of EIA & EMP
The collection of base line data for the preparation of comprehensive EIA & EMP
will be carried out after getting TOR. One season data along with the possible
impact on air, water and the present eco system due to mechanized
mining and solid waste disposal will be carried out separately..
The ambient air quality survey, water quality survey including ground water, soil
quality survey, noise level survey has been carried out systematically as
per the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, New
Delhi.
25.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)
Mining activities generally entail change and disturbance to the
environmental and ecological set-up in any area with respect to various
components like Land, Air, Water and Soil quality, Noise levels, socio-
economic patterns, Flora-fauna status etc. Such changes and disturbances
38
constitute the impact of the mining operations on the various environmental
component, which could be either nullifies or attenuated by adoption of
proper control measures to correct the adverse impacts. By understanding the
impact in the context of mining in Khadsaliya lignite mine on environment can be
broadly categorized and measured as under.
26.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
For the Environment Impact Assessment and to further prepare the EMP,
CSIR- CIMFR Dhanbad, has been identified as an agency. They will carrying
out the Impact Assessment studies after getting TOR by the MOEF, New Delhi.
26.1 Air Environment
In order to have correct environment & to further prepare the EMP, CSIR-
CIMFR Dhanbad, a modal agency in the field of study of environmental
parameters has been identified to undertake the job.
26.2 Water Environment
The water regime in surrounding areas and mine is also with in the
norms of CPCB. The water regime in other areas is reasonably within
limits as per available old EIA- EMP .
26.3 Noise Environment
The Noise levels in and around existing mine within the stipulated zone
were found within prescribed limits specified by Director General of Mine
Safety. As per available old EIA-EMP.
39
26.4 Land Environment / Land Use Planning
The important parameters of land use planning are soil characteristics,
present land use, climate, topography and socio-economic status and future
requirement. Land use in mining areas consists of mainly forestry and agriculture.
Mining activities introduce change in the land utilization pattern. The grazing and
agricultural activities by the locals are hindered/reduced. Proper land use
planning becomes a basic requirement for a mining project. To prevent air, water
and soil pollution is also utmost important in restoring the eco-system in total.
These efforts coupled with rehabilitation, restoration and reclamation of the
mined area helps restoring the environment.
For the purpose of evolving land use in mining areas basic knowledge of plant
growth is necessary. The Central Board for prevention and control of water
pollution (1980) Suggested that the land use planning in mining areas
should be prepared to encompass pre-operational, operational and post
operational phases/scenarios. Generally the environmental balance of the
area is adversely affected due to large open cast mining operation. The
environmental imbalance caused by mining operations can be offset and
the land can be reclaimed to restore the original shape of landscape for
afforestation, grass fields and any other habitation. The reclamation process
starts in the 3rd year of mining operations in the Khadsaliya Lignite lease.
The cavity created will be backfilled and leveled so that a smooth-surface profile
is maintained.
While excavating, the top soil is dumped separately. When the refilling operations
begin, the top soil is brought back on to the surface to increase the fertility of the
soil on which plantation is proposed. Due to this, the original vegetation of the
area can be grown again without any extra effort.
During the initial mining operations of two years, the rejection is disposed to the
waste dump yard situated east of proposed initial mine cut. Once the cavity is
filled up and graded the plantations will start after restoring the top
40
soil with proper manure (Phosphate fertilizers & nitrogenous fertilizers)
added to the soil. Generally the mined out soil is alkaline and moisture
absorption capacity is poor. Gypsum treatment may also help for better growth
of plants. The water accumulated in the pits during rainy season can also be
used for maintaining the plants at least for a period of two years.
Local species like Baval, Neem, Sisam, Sitafal will be selected for
afforestation.
Land Use Pattern for the Khadsaliya Lignite Mine
Land Use Pattern:
a) Pre Mining Operations (Original):
- Private Agri. Land : 42.26.71 Ha
- Gauchar (Pasture) : 128.73.29 Ha
- TOTAL : 171.00.00 Ha
b) Progressive Closure Land-use (After 2 yrs. from now):
a) Total area broken for mining : 110 Ha
Area Reclaimed by backfilling up to OGL : 52 Ha
Area Developed & restored to effective use as:
i) Temporary Small Pond : 2.54 Ha
ii) Children Park, Library &Playground : 2.00 Ha
b) Area under External OB Dumps : 32.92 Ha
c) Area under green belt : 4.95 Ha
d) Pyrite Separation Plant : 2.50 Ha
e) Other Infra-structures & Road : 3.00 Ha
f) Nallah & other undisturbed area : 17.63 Ha
TOTAL (a + b to f) : 171.00 H
41
c) Proposed Post Mining Land Use (On Final Mine Closure):
- Gauchar : 129.00 Ha
- Water Reservoirs (2 Nos.) : 39.00 Ha
- Children Park & Playground : 2.00 Ha
- Dump-top Temple & Oxygen Park: 1.00 Ha
TOTAL : 171.00 Ha
27.0 MEASURE FOR DUST SUPPRESSIO
In order to ensure that the air does not get polluted with the dust
generated during mining, necessary protective measures are important to
keep the atmosphere free from pollutants.
a. Spreading weathered trap rock and compaction of the mine roadways at
every six months and watering them daily in all three shifts.
Dust hazard is at the maximum during dry season due to movement of vehicles.
Due to strong winds fine materials become airborne and it may
affect neighboring villages.
b. The dumpers/trucks should not be over loaded so that the spillage of
materials can be reduced through which dust is generated.
42
c. Providing rows of trees of different heights on both sides of the road, will
arrest the dust by acting as a barrier.
d. Periodic measurement of dust fall should be taken for monitoring. It is
advised that at any spot in the mine, the dust level should not exceed 3 mg/m3.
The dust level in the normal residential areas should be maintained below 0.2
mg/m3.
e. All dust below 5 microns is usually considered dangerous. They are
reparable dust, which can harm the lungs. At one percent solution of calcium
chloride in water acts as an excellent dust suppresser. Sprinkling of the
water mixed with CaCl2 greatly reduces the hazard in opencast mines.
27.1 Measures to Minimize Vibration Due to Blasting and Check Noise
Pollution
Since the overburden removed for the production of lignite is soft no
drilling and blasting is required in the mine. Hence no protective measured
are proposed to contain the noise pollution.
28.0 AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME
28.1 Stabilization and Vegetation of Dumps
Dumping of mine waste cause the maximum damage to the environment.
Reclamation can be done to minimize the pollution. It involves the application of
basic principles of soil and water conservation, afforestation, regeneration of
vegetation and pollution control.
43
The dumping areas can be identified as under
a. Proposed dumping area
b. old/inactive
dumps
c. Inside dump /Backfilled dumps.
The places at which afforestation planned is marked in the stage plan at the end
of fifth year.
28.1.1 Proposed dumping area
The outside dumping yards have been proposed on West side at Northern end
. The proposed height of the dump is 30 meter in three lifts of 10 meter each
there by restricting the height to 30 meters as the area is prone to high wind
velocity, which may be carried in the wind. A road with 10 meters width is
suggested between the first and second stage dumping so as to minimize
any collapsing and also to keep optimum angle of repose for the dump soil.
The over burden benches will be leveled regularly by dozer which will compact
and settle the materials to protect slides.
28.1.2 Old dumps
As soon as a dump becomes inactive, the environment protection work starts on
waste dumps which are called old dumps. Selected grass species Babool are
planted in area of old dump. Grasses have grown successfully. Grasses are not
only preventing soil erosion but also spreading bio-activism in the dumps,
which is necessary for plantation. More than 1,00,00 saplings were
planted on these dumps parapet wall will also be constructed surrounding
the inactive dumps so as to avoid soil erosion. Terraces will be formed at
two meter interval along the slope of dumps and selected tree species will
44
be planted. This type of plantation system will bind the dump materials to
protect any further collapse of materials and also for better plant growth.
28.1.3 Inside Dump
yard
After three years of completion of outside dumping infilling dumping will
be started in the excavated area. Fourth year of operation onwards the
over burden shall be dumped inside the pit which will have three sides
bounded by the mine pit benches.
Therefore it is more stable compared to outside dump yard. At the end of 10th
year the abandoned pit can be used as a storage pond which will be
used for irrigation or watering plants in dumps and other leasehold area which
is barren may be allotted to the forest department for planning and executing
afforestation programed. Since they have a routine afforestation programed,
they may agree and do afforestation in the mined out areas.
29.0 MEASURES FOR MINIMIZING ADVERSE EFFECT
ON WATER REGIME
29.1 Treatment and Disposal of Water from the Mine
The water accumulated in the mine pit due to seepage and due to rain is
proposed to utilize for plantation after treatment. Quality is regularly checked and
pH is measured daily.
29.2 Measures for Minimizing Adverse Effect on Water Regime
29.2.1 Ground Water
As the ground water below lignite horizon will not be exposed at any
time during mining operation, the quality of the ground water will not be polluted.
29.3 Socio-Economic Environment
Khadsaliya lignite mine GHCL is in operation since 2004. The core zone of
this mine is covering the lands of Khadsaliya village. Mostly Koli population
is living in this village. Their main occupation is farming, mine workers,
agricultural workers, contractor workers, drivers and helper’s etc. Local people
have been provided appointment in the mine as labor work. Panipurbatha
department is providing drinking water in the villages Khadsaliya regularly.
Children are given study material facilities. Regular help is extended in
education and medical facilities by the Corporation. Corporation has also
constructed water tanks.
An adequate awareness is shown to prevent pollution at the stage of project
execution. It will be taken as moral obligation rather than a statutory requirement.
29.4 Ecologically Fragile Area
The work group constituted by the Department of Environment has
recommended some areas/ eco-system, which has been identified by the task
force as Ecologically fragile area where no mining activity can be
carried out.The fragile areas are supposed to have richness, susceptible to
species loss, with aquifers and susceptible to seismic hazards.
There is no area with the above criteria located in the lease hold or in
the vicinity. Therefore no area is identified as Ecologically Fragile Area.
29.5 Conceptual Mining Plan
The ultimate mine pit limit boundaries at the end of 5th year and at the
end of 10th year. The stage plans depict the area to be reclaimed for the
purpose of plantation. Dumps are also considered for plantation once they
become in active.
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29.6 Disaster Management Plan
The following are the major disaster which can be expected in a lignite
mine.
a. Flooding of mines
There is no possibility of Cannel water entering in to the mine. As per practice,
mining operations gets suspended during the monsoon period. All machinery
and manpower is withdrawn at a safe place. Water level is
continuously observed in each shift by the competent supervisors and officers in
order to take necessary and safe precautions. Only pumping operation is being
done at a safe identified place.
b. Fire disaster in the mining area, machineries, workshops, stores, oil tank etc.
since the mined out lignite will stacking there is no possibility of fire
catching on lignite. The exposed lignite faces will be covered with an
overburden of 0.5 meters. Stripping of this half a meter O.B. will be done just
before the loading takes place. As far as the carbonaceous shale is
concerned they will be stacked separately in an old dump.
As far as the fire at mining sites is concerned sufficient fire extinguishers and
firefighting equipment’s will be provided with necessary accessories etc. by the
GHCL. This will be maintained in various premises for emergency
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