guma mba dissertation 2011 final
DESCRIPTION
MBA thesisTRANSCRIPT
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ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS IMPACTING ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION
BY
PENDULWA VUYOKAZI GUMA
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AT THE
NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY
PROMOTER : PROFESSOR DM BERRY
DATE SUBMITTED : JANUARY 2011
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DECLARATION
This wo! h"s #o$ %&'io(s)* +& ",,&%$&- i# s(+s$"#,& .o "#* -&/&& "#- is #o$
+&i#/ ,o#,($)* s(+i$$&- i# ,"#-i-"$(& .o "#* -&/&&
Si/#&-
D"$&
STATEMENT 1
This -iss&$"$io# is +&i#/ s(+i$$&- i# %"$i") .().i)$ o. $h& &(i&$s .o $h&
-&/&& o. M"s$&s i# B(si#&ss A-i#is$"$io#
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STATEMENT 2
Th& -iss&$"$io# is $h& &s()$ o. * ow# i#-&%-$ wo!3i#'&s$i/"$io#4 &5,&%$ wh&&
o$h&wis& s$"$&-
Si/#&-
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Th& %o,&ss I h"'& $"! $o ,o%)&$& $his -iss&$"$io# h"s %o'i-&- & wi$h " %)"$.o
$o +&$$& (#-&s$"#- * ,"%"+i)i$i&s "#- s!i))s +o$h %&so#"))* "#- ","-&i,"))* This
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"#- ,oo%&"$io# o. o$h& %&o%)&
I wish $o &5%&ss * si#,&& /"$i$(-& $o $h& .o))owi#/ %&o%)& .o $h&i ,o#$i+($io#s i#
$h& s(,,&ss.() ,o%)&$io# o. $his s$(-* 7i$ho($ $h&i /(i-"#,&4 ,o("/&$4 s(%%o$
"#- o$i'"$io#4 I wo()- #o$ h"'& +& "+)& $o ,o%)&$& $his s$(-*
Po.&sso D"'& B&*4 .o his /(i-"#,&4 %"$i,& "#- o$i'"$io#
Ms F"i$h Gow"#" "#- Ms N/&)i .o "ssis$i#/ i# &-i$i#/ $h& &s&",h
Th& DEDEA &%)o*&&s4 .o $h& ,oo%&"$io#4 si#,&i$* "#- wi))i#/#&ss $o
&s%o#- $o $h& (&s$io##"i&
M* ."i)* .o $h&i )o'&4 s(%%o$ "#- ,o("/&$
M* h(s+"#- .o his s(%%o$4 (#-&s$"#-i#/ "#- +&)i&'i#/ i# &
M* !i-s .o $h&i (#-&s$"#-i#/ wh I w"s +(s* wi$h * s,hoo) wo!
L"s$)*4 +($ #o$ )&"s$4 A(#$* No/,i#i)& 8* !i-s #"##*9 .o +&i#/ $h&& .o *
."i)*4 .o h& (#-&s$"#-i#/4 s(%%o$ "#- ,"i#/ "$$i$(-&
P-()w" V(*o!"i G("
E"s$ Lo#-o#
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J"#("* 2011
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ABSTRACT
O/"#is"$io#s (s$ h"'& " ,o#s$"#$ i#.)(5 o. ,"#-i-"$&s .o %o$$i") &%)o*$ N&w
&%)o*&& %osi$io#s "& &(i&- "s "!&$ "&"s "& &5%"#-&- R&,(i$$ o,,(s &'
i# $h& .",& o. )ii$&- /ow$h o -&,)i#& i# s&'i,& ,"%",i$*4 +&,"(s& i#-i'i-(")s wi$h
s%&,i")is&- s!i))s o $"i#i#/ who )&"'& $h& o/"#is"$io# (s$ +& &%)",&-4 "#- +&,"(s&
s&'i,&s o $&,h#o)o/i&s $h"$ h"'& +& &'is&- o o-i.i&- (s$ +& s$"..&- Th&
&,(i$$ o. %&so##&) %)"*s "# i%o$"#$ o)& i# "ssis$i#/ $h& o/"#is"$io# $o "-"%$
"#- &"i# ,o%&$i$i'&
Th& E"s$ ;"%& D&%"$$ o. E,o#oi, D&'&)o%$ "#- E#'io#$") A.."is
8DEDEA9 &%)o*s " wi-& '"i&$* o. wo!&s Th(s4 $h& so(,&s o. "%%)i,"#$s "#- $*%&s
o. &$ho-s (s&- $o &5%"#- $h& "%%)i,"#$ %oo) '"* -&%-i#/ o# $h& o,,(%"$io#")
,)"ssi.i,"$io# +&i#/ ,o#si-&&-
I$4 $h&&.o&4 +&,o&s s&).
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&%)o*&& &$$io#4 #"&)*: ,"&& -&'&)o%$ ,o%s"$io# %osi$i'& &,o/#i$io#
s$".. /"/&$ "#- "#"/&$
I# o-& $o ",hi&'& $h& %(%os& o. $his s$(-*4 $h& .o))owi#/ &s&",h -&si/# w"s "-o%$&-:
S$&% 1 A )i$&"$(& &'i&w w"s ,o#-(,$&- $o -&$&i#& $h& '"io(s
o/"#i"$io#") .",$os i%",$i#/ o# &%)o*&& &$$io#
S$&% 2 Fo $h& )i$&"$(& &'i&w4 " %o,&ss o-&) w"s "-o%$&- $o "ssis$
$h& &s&",h& i# s$(,$(i#/ $h& &s&",h (&s$io##"i&
S$&% C A (&s$io##"i& w"s ,o#s$(,$&- ",,o-i#/ $o $h& %i#,i%)&s "#-
/(i-&)i#&s i# s$&%s 2 "#- s$&% C
S$&% @ E%ii,") -"$" w"s o+$"i#&- +* &"#s o. "# &"i) s('&*
S$&% ? Th& &s()$s o. $h& s('&* w&& "#")*s&- "#- i#$&%&$&-
S$&% Th& &%ii,") &s()$s w&& i#$&/"$&- wi$h S$&% C
S$&% = ;o#,)(sio#s "#- &,o-"$io#s w&& -o#&
Th& "i# .i#-i#/s .o $h& s$(-* w&&:
1 Th& s$(-* &'&")&- " si/#i.i,"#$ &)"$io#shi% +&$w& $h& s&)&,$&-
o/"#is"$io#") .",$os "#- &%)o*&& &$$io#
2 Th& s$(-* ")so %o-(,&- " o-&) s(i$"+)& .o (s& +* DEDEA "s " /(i-&
i# -&$&i#i#/ wh"$ i#i$i"$i'&s $h& o/"#is"$io# sho()- &+"! o# $o i%o'&
&%)o*&& &$$io#
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Table of Co!e!"P"/&
DE;LARATION .......................................................................................................................... ii
A;NO7LEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRA;T ................................................................................................................................. iv
;HAPTER 1..........................................................................................................................
....... 11 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND OUTLINE OF THE STUDY
.............................................. 1
11BA;GROUND AND MAIN PROBLEM
................................................................. 1
12SUB
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2C?Th& .($(& wo!.o,&
........................................................................................... 10
2@THE VALUE OF RETAINING THE BEST EMPLOYEES
...................................... 10
2?
THE IMPORTAN;E OF EMPLOYEE RETENTION
.............................................. 12
2DUNDERSTANDING THE REASONS FOR EMPLOYEE TURNOVER
................. 13
2=THE NEGATIVE IMPA;T OF TURNOVER ON THE ORGANISATION
........... 152=1E5$") -i'&s o. $h& &$$io# ,isis
................................................................ 18
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2=2 I#$") -i'&s o. $h& &$$io# ,isis 20
2> FA;TORS IMPA;TING ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION 25
2.9 THE IMPA;T OF ;AREER DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION . 26
21Th& s$"$&/i, i%o$"#,& o. ,"&& -&'&)o%$
27
22 ;"&& -&'&)o%$ s(%%o$ &$ho-s 28
2C S$"/&s o. ,"&& -&'&)o%$ 30
2@ ;"&& -&'&)o%$ ,*,)& 35
2.10 THE IMPA;T OF REMUNERATION3;OMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEE
RETENTION .................................................................................................
.........................
37
2101
;o%s"$io#o+6&,$i'&s.............................................................................
.......
38
2102Th& s$"$&/i, i%o$"#,& o. ,o%s"$io# ..........................................................40
211 THE IMPA;T OF POSITIVE RE;OGNITION ON EMPLOYEERETENTION ....
.42
2111How $o %o'i-& &..&,$i'& &%)o*&& &,o/#i$io# .................................................42
2112I%",$ o. Posi$i'& R&,o/#i$io# ...........................................................................43
211CG(i-&)i#&s .o &..&,$i'& &%)o*&& &,o/#i$io# ...................................................45
212 THE IMPA;T OF STAFF ENGAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE
RETENTION .....
..
4
9
2121Th& i%o$"#,& o. &%)o*&& /"/&$ ..........................................................50
2122F",$os i#.)(,i#/ &%)o*&& /"/&$ .........................................................50
212CAs%&,$s o. &%)o*&& /"/&$ .......................................................................51
212@;"$&/oi&s o. &%)o*&& /"/&$ ...................................................................51
212?Th& i%o$"#,& o. &%)o*&& /"/&$ ..........................................................52
212A-'"#$"/&s o. h"'i#/ /"/&- &%)o*&&s ......................................................... 53
212=F",$os )&"-i#/ $o &%)o*&& /"/&$ ...........................................................54
21CTHE IMPA;T OF MANAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION
....................58
21C1D&.i#i#/M"#"/&$......................................................................................
...
58
21C2A %&s%&,$i'& o# "#"/&$ i# " So($h A.i,"# o/"#is"$io# .........................59
21CCQ(")i$i&s o. " /oo- "#"/& ...............................................................................60
21C@Th& o)& o. "#"/&$ i# &%)o*&& &$$io# ..................................................61
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;HAPTER C ...............................................................................................................................
70
C RESEAR;H METHODOLOGY AND BIOGRAPHI;AL ANALYSIS OF RESPONDENTS
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C1INTRODU;TION ..................................................................................
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C2RESEAR;H METHODOLOGY
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C21R&s&",h $h&o*
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CCTHE LITERATURE REVIE7
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C@THE QUESTIONNAIRE
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C@2D&si/# o. $h& (&s$io#s
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-
7/18/2019 Guma Mba Dissertation 2011 Final
11/187
C?SAMPLE AND VALIDITY
.......................................................................................79
C?1S"%)& ..............................................................................................
...................79
C?2
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7
9
CSTATISTI;AL ANALYSIS
.......................................................................................80
C=ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF BIOGRAPHI;AL
DATA....................80
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C=@ A/& &s%o#s& "$& 8G&"$io# S(+s&$s9........................................................... 8
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C=FQ(")i.i,"$io# &s%o#s& "$&
...............................................................................92
C=10Y&"s o. s&'i,& &s%o#s& "$&..........................................................................
93
C>ANONYMITY ......................................................................................
......................94
C;ON;LUDING REMARS
......................................................................................95
;HAPTER @........................................................................................................................
.......96
@ ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESEAR;H RESULTS..................................
96
@1INTRODU;TION ..................................................................................
....................96
@2ORDINAL DATA SURVEY
......................................................................................96
@CHO7 DOES DEDEA MEASURE UP
.......................................................................97
viii
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-
7/18/2019 Guma Mba Dissertation 2011 Final
12/187
@C1 ;"&& -&'&)o%$ 99
@C2 R&(#&"$io# 101
@CC Posi$i'& R&,o/#i$io# 103
@C@ S$".. /"/&$ 104
@C? M"#"/&$ 106
@C R&"so#s .o )&"'i#/ $h& o/"#is"$io# 108
@C= ;o#si-&"$io# o. )&"'i#/ DEDEA 109
@C> R"$i#/ o. o/"#is"$io#") .",$os 110
@@ ;LOSING REMARS 113
;HAPTER ? 114
? SUMMARY4 ;ON;LUSIONS AND RE;OMMENDATIONS 114
?1 INTRODU;TION 114
?2 LITERATURE REVIE7 114
?C EMPIRI;AL STUDY 114
?C1 S('&* .i#-i#/s 115
?@ RE;OMMENDATIONS 115
?? PROBLEM AREAS AND LIMITATIONS 118
? RE;OMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEAR;HER 119
?= ;ON;LUSION 119
REFEREN;E LIST 120
ANNEURE A < M&o"#-( "--&ss&- $o (&s$io##"i& &s%o#-$s 126
ANNEURE B QUESTIONNAIRE 127
ix
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F#$%&e"
Pa$e
Fi/(& 21 ;"(s&s o. 'o)(#$"* &%)o*&& $(#o'& 1@
Fi/(& 22 U#&%)o*$ "$& i# So($h A.i," 1
Fi/(& 2C A o-&) .o (#-&s$"#-i#/ &%)o*&& "$$",$io# "#- &$$io# 2?
Fi/(& 2@ S$"/&s o. ,"&& -&'&)o%$ C1
Fi/(& 2? ;"&& -&'&)o%$ ,*,)& C?
Fi/(& 2 Th& )i#! +&$w& &,o/#i$io# "#- &%)o*&& &$$io# @@
Fi/(& 2= F",$os )&"-i#/ $o &%)o*&& /"/&$ ?@
Fi/(& C1 Th& &s&",h ,*,)& =1
Fi/(& C2 To$") %o%()"$io# &s%o#s& "$& >1
Fi/(& CC B"#,h o..i,& &s%o#s& "$& >@
Fi/(& C@ Posi$io# i# $h& o/"#is"$io# &s%o#s& "$& >?
Fi/(& C? A/& 8G&"$io# S(+s&$s9 &s%o#s& "$& >
Fi/(& C G-& &s%o#s& "$& >=
Fi/(& C= N"$io#")i$* &s%o#s& "$& >
Fi/(& C> Ho& )"#/("/& &s%o#s& "$& 0
Fi/(& C S")"* )&'&) &s%o#s& "$& 1
Fi/(& C10 Q(")i.i,"$io# &s%o#s& "$& C
Fi/(& C11 Y&"s o. s&'i,& &s%o#s& "$& @
Fi/(& @1 R&$$io# s$"$&/i&s >
Fi/(& @2 ;"&& -&'&)o%$ 100
Fi/(& @C R&(#&"$io# 102
x
Fi/(& @@ Posi$i'& &,o/#i$io# 10C
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Fi/(& @? S$".. /"/&$ 10?
Fi/(& @ M"#"/&$ 10=
Fi/(& @= Possi+)& &"so#s .o )&"'i#/ $h& o/"#is"$io# 10>
Fi/(& @> ;o#si-&"$io# o. )&"'i#/ DEDEA 10
Fi/(& @1 Lii$&- ,"&& -&'&)o%$ 111
Fi/(& @2 I#s(..i,i$ &(#&"$io# 111
Fi/(& @C No %osi$i'& &,o/#i$io# 112
Fi/(& @@ L",! o. s$".. /"/&$ 112
Fi/(& @? I#&..i,i$ "#"/&$ 112
Fi/(& ?1 S$"$&/i, o-&) .o &%)o*&& &$$io# 11
xi
Table"
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Pa$e
T"+)& 21 ;h"",$&is$i,s o. "# i#$&/&"$io#") wo!.o,& >
T"+)& 22 U#&%)o*$ "$& i# So($h A.i," 1
T"+)& 2C A%%o",h&s $o $h& %o'isio# o. &%)o*&& &,o/#i$io# @=
T"+)& 2@ A-'"#$"/&s o. h"'i#/ /"/&- &%)o*&&s ?C
T"+)& 2? D&s,i%$io# o. /&"$ "#"/&s +* &%)o*&&s 1
T"+)& 2 Ro)&s "#- &s%o#si+i)i$i&s .o &,(i$i#/ &$"i#i#/ &%)o*&&s =
T"+)& C1 To$") %o%()"$io# &s%o#s& "$& >1
T"+)& C2 B"#,h o..i,& &s%o#s& "$& >C
T"+)& CC Posi$io# i# $h& o/"#is"$io# &s%o#s& "$& >?
T"+)& C@ A/& 8G&"$io# S(+s&$s9 &s%o#s& "$& >
T"+)& C? G-& &s%o#s& "$& >=
T"+)& C N"$io#")i$* &s%o#s& "$& >>
T"+)& C= Ho& )"#/("/& &s%o#s& "$& 0
T"+)& C> S")"* )&'&) &s%o#s& "$& 1
T"+)& C Q(")i.i,"$io# &s%o#s& "$& 2
T"+)& C10 Y&"s o. s&'i,& &s%o#s& "$& C
T"+)& @1 R&$$io# s$"$&/i&s =
T"+)& @2 ;"&& -&'&)o%$
T"+)& @C R&(#&"$io# 101
T"+)& @@ Posi$i'& &,o/#i$io# 10C
T"+)& @? S$".. /"/&$ 10@
xii
T"+)& @ M"#"/&$ 10
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T"+)& @= Possi+)& &"so#s .o )&"'i#/ $h& o/"#is"$io# 10>
T"+)& @> ;o#si-&"$io# o. )&"'i#/ DEDEA 10
T"+)& @ R"$i#/ o. o/"#is"$io#") .",$os 110
xiii
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C'APTER 1
1( PROBLEM STATEMENT AND OUTLINE OF T'E STUDY
1(1 BACKGROUND AND MAIN PROBLEM
KTh& &,o#oi, -ow#$(# is "..&,$i#/ wo!.o,&s "o(#- $h& /)o+&4 "#- &/"-)&ss o.
&/io#4 &,(i$$ "#- &$$io# s&& $o $"!& $h& +i//&s$ hi$ 8Fo/",s4 200:@09
A,,o-i#/ $o H&+s$&i$ 8200>:@9 &%)o*&& &$$io# is " si/#i.i,"#$ ,o#, "#-
&5%s& .o &'&* o/"#i"$io#4 wi$h $h& &5%s& o. &,(i$i#/ "#- &$"i#i#/ " #&w
wo!& ,os$i#/ "#*wh&& .o h"). $o 200 o. $h& -&%"$i#/ &%)o*&& s "##(") s")"*
D&%-i#/ o# $h& &%)o*$ )&'&)4 $h& "#* ,os$s "sso,i"$&- wi$h &%)o*&& $(#o'&
"& ,o:?9 &%h"si& $h"$ i$ is &ss$i") $o ,&"$& " '"i&$* o. o%$io#s "#-
")$"$i'&s .o " $o$") &%)o*&& &$$io# %o/"& $o "--&ss "&"s $h"$ "$$& $o $h&
&%)o*&&s "s w&)) "s .o,(si#/ o# ,&$"i# o$h&s $h"$ "* +& i/#o&-4 (#,o#si-&&- o
(#-&($i)i&-
7i$h&s 82001:@9 "/(&s $h"$ .i#-i#/ "#- !&&%i#/ /&"$ &%)o*&&s h"s #&'& +& so
,i$i,")4 +($ $h& w"* $o /&$ $h& 6o+ -o#& h"s ")so ,h"#/&- -""$i,"))* This is +&,"(s&
&%)o*&&s 'i&w $h&i wo! -i..&$)* $h"# $h&* (s&- $o %&'io(s)*4 " .",$ $h"$ h"s
1
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/i' is& $o "# i#,&"s&- -&"#- o# o/"#i"$io#s $o i#'&s$ i# &%)o*&& &$$io#
%o/"&s O/"#is"$io#s #&&- "%%o",h&s $o ",(i&4 o$i'"$&4 "#- &$"i# '")("+)&
&%)o*&&s
Th& D&%"$$ o. E,o#oi, D&'&)o%$ "#- E#'io#$") A.."is h"s +& .",&-
wi$h hi/h &%)o*&& $(#o'& ",oss ")) )&'&)s o. &%)o*$ This h"s ,"(s&- $h&
-&%"$$ #o$ $o +& "+)& $o ",,o%)ish i$s s&$ /o")s "s &%)o*&&s )&"'& "#- #&w o#&s
h"'& $o +& &,(i$&-4 i#-(,$&- "#- $"i#&-
Th& "+o'& o%i#io#s $h(s -i&,$&- $h& &s&",h& $o $h& "i# %o+)& o. $his s$(-*4
#"&)*:
O&$a#"a!#oal fa)!o&" #*+a)!#$ o e*+lo,ee &e!e!#o(
1.2 SUB-PROBLEMS
I# o-& $o ,o(#$& $h& -&%"$(& o. &%)o*&&s "s -&s,i+&- i# $h& "i# %o+)&4 $h&
.o))owi#/ s(+
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1 S%b-P&oble* .
How ,"# $h& &s()$s o+$"i#&- .o $h& &so)($io# o. s(+0 wi$h =>1 .i))&- %os$s
1(.(. S)o+e of "!%,
Th& &s&",h w"s )ii$&- $o &5"i#i#/ $h& .i'& o/"#is"$io#") .",$os i%",$i#/ o#
&%)o*&& &$$io#4 #"&)*: ,"&& -&'&)o%$4 &(#&"$io#4 %osi$i'& &,o/#i$io#4
3
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s$".. /"/&$ "#- "#"/&$ s$*)& This s$(-* &5,)(-&- ")) o$h& .",$os $h"$ h"'&
"# i%",$ o# &%)o*&& &$$io#
1(.( Ba"#" fo& !0e e3al%a!#o
Th& &s&",h& i#$-&- $o -&'&)o% " o-&) o. o/"#is"$io#") .",$os i%",$i#/ o#
&%)o*&& &$$io# +"s&- o# $h& i#.o"$io# .o $h& ,($ )i$&"$(& "#- i#$&/"$i#/
i$ wi$h $h& &s&",h .i#-i#/s
1.4 OB4ECTIVES OF T'E RESEARC'
Th& %i"* o+6&,$i'& o. $his s$(-* w"s $o i#'&s$i/"$& $h& o/"#i"$io#") .",$os "#-
how $h&* i%",$ o# &%)o*&& &$$io# "$ DEDEA Mo& s%&,i.i,"))*4 $h& o+6&,$i'&s
w&& $o:
1 D&$&i#& .o $h& )i$&"$(&4 $h& i%",$ o. o/"#i"$io#") .",$os o# &%)o*&&
&$$io#
2 D&$&i#& $h& &"so#s .o $h& &5o-(s o. &%)o*&&s .o $h& o/"#i"$io#
8DEDEA9
3 Fo()"$& "# &%)o*&& &$$io# s$"$&/* o-&) .o i%)&$"$io# "$ DEDEA
1.5 RESEARC' DESIGN
I# $his s&,$io# $h& +o"- &s&",h &$ho-o)o/* is -&s,i+&- Th& .o))owi#/ %o,&ss w"s
"-o%$&- $o so)'& $h& "# "#- s(+
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S$&% ? Th& &s()$s o. $h& s('&* w&& "#")*s&- "#- i#$&%&$&-
S$&% Th& &%ii,") &s()$s w&& i#$&/"$&- wi$h S$&% C
S$&% = ;o#,)(sio#s "#- &,o-"$io#s w&& -o#&
1.6 STRUCTURE OF T'E REMAINDER OF T'E STUDY
Th& &"i#-& o. $h& &s&",h %o6&,$ i#,)(-&- $h& .o))owi#/ ,h"%$&s:
1 ;h"%$& 2 O/"#is"$io#") .",$os i%",$i#/ o# &%)o*&& &$$io#
2 ;h"%$& C R&s&",h &$ho-o)o/* "#- +io/"%hi,") "#")*sis o. &s%o#-$s
3 ;h"%$& @ A#")*sis "#- i#$&%&$"$io# o. &s&",h &s()$s
4 ;h"%$& ? S("*4 ,o#,)(sio#s "#- &,o-"$io#s
5
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C'APTER 2
2. ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS IMPACTING ON
EMPLOYEE RETENTION2.1 INTRODUCTION
Th& s$(-* +&/i#s wi$h " &'i&w o. $h& #&&- .o &%)o*&& &$$io# i# " %(+)i, s&,$o
o/"#is"$io# 8DEDEA94 "#- ,o#,)(-&s $h"$ $h&& "& o/"#is"$io#") .",$os $h"$ i%",$
o# &%)o*&& &$$io# G&i#/ "#- ;o##& 82002:@09 s$"$& $h"$ &$"i#i#/ /oo- wo!&s
is ,i$i,") $o "#* o/"#is"$io# Li$&"$(& "#- +&s$ %",$i,&s i#-i,"$& $h"$4 $o so& &5$$4
i. &%)o*&s $&"$ $h&i &%)o*&&s "s '")(&- ,o#$i+($os4 $h&* $- $o &"i# i# $h&
o/"#is"$io#
To $his -4 o/"#is"$io#s $"i#4 o..& ,o%&$i$i'& ,o%s"$io# %)"#s "#- i#,&"s&
+&.i$s $o s&,(& $h&i &%)o*&&s )o*")$* D&s%i$& $h&s& &..o$s4 "#* o/"#is"$io#s
&5%&i,& " sho$"/& o. &%)o*&&s "#- hi/h $(#o'& "$&s
I# "# &" o. &%)o*&& sho$"/&s "#- i#,&"s&- s&'i,& -&)i'&* -&"#-s4 i$ is i%o$"#$
$o &5%)o& .",$os whi,h ,o#$i+($& $o $h& &$$io# o. &%)o*&&s who ,o#$i+($& "
w&")$h o. !#ow)&-/& "#- &5%&i,& $o $h&i o/"#is"$io#s
Th& ,h"%$& wi)) &5%)o& $h& o/"#is"$io#") .",$os i%",$i#/ o# &%)o*&& &$$io#
Th&s& i#,)(-& ,"&& -&'&)o%$4 &(#&"$io#3,o%s"$io#4 %osi$i'& &,o/#i$io#4
s$".. /"/&$ "#- "#"/&$ Fo $his &'i&w "#- .o $h& s('&* "#")*sis4 "
'"i&$* o. &,o-"$io#s wi)) +& /&"$&-4 whi,h4 i$ is ho%&- wi)) "ssis$ $o i#.o
$h& ,&"$io# o. %o)i,i&s "#- %",$i,&s $h"$ s%&,i.i,"))* "--&ss iss(&s o. &%)o*&&
&$$io#
6
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2.2 DEFINING EMPLOYEE RETENTION
S,h()& "#- J",!so# 8200:219 -&.i#& &$$io# "s &'&*$hi#/ "# &%)o*& -o&s $o
,o("/& (")i.i&- "#- %o-(,$i'& &%)o*&&s $o ,o#$i#(& wo!i#/ .o $h& o/"#is"$io#
Th& "i# o+6&,$i'& o. &$$io# is $o &-(,& (#w"#$&- 'o)(#$"* $(#o'& +* '")("+)&
%&o%)& i# $h& o/"#is"$io# To/&$h&4 &..&,$i'& &,(i$$ "#- &$$io# &..o$s "$$",$
i#-i'i-(")s $o $h& o/"#is"$io# "#- ")so i#,&"s& $h& ,h"#,& o. &$"i#i#/ $h& i#-i'i-(")s
o#,& $h&* "& hi&-
2.3 DEVELOPING TRENDS IMPACTING ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION
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