guruvayur guruvayoor sree krishna temple
TRANSCRIPT
OM NAMO BHAGAVATHE VASUDEVAAYA……
Guruvayur (Guruvayoor) Sree Krishna Temple
Mahatmyam
General
From the time immemorial, India has been a spiritually enlightened country consecrated by Rishis and temples of
worship. Holy places like Kashi and Rameswaram have magnificent Temples which, besides their spiritual
significance, are noted for their antiquity and historical importance. The artistic excellence and the architectural
specialties of Konark and Khajuraho are so indescribable that they always attract not only the pilgrims from within the
country but also swarm of tourists from abroad. But Guruvayur is a pilgrim center which has its own glory and
greatness, mainly because of the divinity enshrined in the Sanctum - Sanctorum (central shrine) of the temple and the
unique charm of the idol installed in it.
The presiding deity in the Garbhagraha (central shrine) is Mahavishnu, worshipped according to the pooja routines
laid down by Adi Sankaracharya and later written in to the Tantrasamuchaya by Chennas Narayanan Namboodiri
(born in 1427). The Chennas Namboodiris are the hereditary Tantri of Guruvayur temple. The people at large,
however, invoke the Lord as UNNIKRISHNA or BALAKRISHNA.
SANCTITY OF THE PLACE
Guruvayur or Guruvayoor became divine on account of the "tapas" performed by Lord Siva and later by the
Prechethas (the ten sons of Pracheenabarhis and Suvarna are together called Prechethas) in the Rudratheertham -
the sacred tank on the northern side of the present temple - where Lord Guruvayurappan has His Arattu (holy bath on
the last day of Annual Utsavam). Siva worshipped Mahavishnu for years under the waters of the Rudratheertham (
hence the name Rudratheertham due to the presence of Rudra, Siva). Prechethas came to this place to do tapas to
attain "prajapathithwam" ( king of all kings) from Lord Mahavishnu. Sensing the motive of Prechethas, Lord Siva
emerged out of the Rudratheertham and revealed to them the "Rudrageetham", a hymn in praise of Mahavishnu.
Siva suggested them to chant it with all their heart to get their wishes fulfilled. The Princes won the favour of
Mahavishnu after rigorous tapas for 10,000 years under the waters of Rudratheertham chanting Rudrageetham.
According to the legends, in ancient days Rudratheertham (present Arattukulam) extended up to Mammiyur and
Thamarayur (about 3.00 kms) towards north and was known for its lotus flowers. Melpathur's Narayaneeyam refers to
it as the lovely lake of lotus.
Sanctity of the idol
The idol of Guruvayur temple is unique, since it is carved out of "Paathalanjana Sila", and is considered extremely
sacred. This idol was once worshipped by Mahavishnu in Vaikunta. Vishnu handed it over to Brahma. King Suthapas
and his wife who worshipped Brahma for a child received this idol from Brahma. He advised them to 2 start
worshipping the idol. Once Lord Vishnu appeared before them and blessed them that he himself will be born as their
child in their three re-births in three different forms and in three different situations. Thus they got the good fortune to
worship the same deity in all three rebirths. They gave birth to Prasnigarbhan who gave to the world the practice of
Brahmacharya Vratha (Celibacy). In their next birth, Suthapas and his wife were born as Kashyapa and Adithi. Their
son in that birth was Vamana. The third rebirth was as Vasudeva and Devaki. The Lord Krishna was born as their
eighth son. In the long run , the Lord Krishna himself installed this idol in Dwaraka and worshipped it.
Sanctity of installation
From Mahavishnu the sacred idol has passed through the hands of Brahma, Suthapas, Kasyapa, Vasudeva, Sree
Krishna and finally at the time of Krishna's ascension to Vaikunta, he instructed Udhava to entrust Brahaspathi (the
Guru of Devas) with the task of taking the idol to a suitable place where people could worship it, so as to get salvation
in Kaliyuga. A deluge had closed in on Dwaraka, but Guru salvaged the idol with the help of his prime disciple, Vayu.
Guru and Vayu went around the world in search of an ideal place. They met Parasurama who lead them to a lush
green spot with a beautiful lotus tank where they felt the presence of Lord Siva. Lord Siva along with Parvathy
welcomed them and said, "This is the same spot you are looking for, here it was, I imparted the Rudrageetham to the
Prechethas" .The idol was installed there. Siva with Parvathy left to the opposite bank, at Mammiyur. Siva permitted
Guru and Vayu to perform the consecration rites and blessed them that henceforth this place would be known as
GURUVAYUR (since the installation was done by Guru and Vayu).
Vishwakarma, the divine architect was requested to build a Temple , which he made in such a way that on the day of
Vishu (Summer equinox), the sun himself makes his obeisance . His first rays on that day fall straight on the Lord's
feet. The idol was installed in the solar month of Kumbha. (February - March). The ceremony was begun on the
seventh asterism of Pooyam (Puozhya) and completed on the day of Anizham (Anuradha).
As the idol was once worshiped by the Lord Mahavishnu himself in Vaikunta, Guruvayur is considered to be "
Bhooloka Vaikunta " - the heaven on earth.
Legends
• Sankaracharya • Manjulal • Nenmini Unni • Kittai's coconuts • Aanayottam • Lord as Assistant cook • Lord as Mangattachan • Melpathur • Poonthanam • Vilwamangalam • Kururamma
SANKARACHARYA'S FORCED LANDING
Once Sankaracharya was on his aerial journey to Shringeri. While above Guruvayur he smiled at the pompousness
and vividity of the procession of Sreebhootha Bali (feeding celestial attendants) and tried to pass the temple without
making any obeisance to the Lord. Suddenly his forward movement stopped the procession there at the northwest
corner. He soon recovered and saw the Lord in all his royalty. Realizing the cause of his fall, Sankaracharya
prostrated before the Lord and tried to win the Lord's favour by chanting 8 slokas in praise of Govinda, known as
Govinda Ashtakam. The small opening in the roof over the North- West courtyard is in commemoration of this event.
Sankaracharya is believed to have instituted the Mandala Vilakku (lighting of lamps for 41days).
MANJULAL (Big banyan tree at Guruvayur)
Manjula was a warrior girl, always make garlands with great devotion and love towards Krishna. Every day she
offers garlands to the Guruvayur temple. One day she was too late to enter the temple and became very sad about
the incident. Then a great devotee of Shri Guruvayoorappa and Poet, Poonthanam advised her to place the garland
on the stone below the big banyan tree considering it as Srikrishna.
She was convinced, kept the garland there and happily went home. Next day morning, the Melsanthi removed all the
garlands from the idol, but one garland remained stuck on the idol. The devotees were puzzled but Poonthanam
realised last night's event. It was the garland, which Manjula had placed on the stone at the foot of the banyan tree.
Poonthanam told the story to everyone and then the garland slipped down from the idol. Devotees started chanting
the name of the Lord and struggled to collect the flower from the garland. Worshipers went to the banyan tree to
make their obeisance. Since then, the banyan tree came to be known as Manjulal.
DEVOTION OF NENMINI UNNI
Once a Nenmini Namboodiri was the priest at Guruvayur temple. There was only one priest on those days and had
to go out on an urgent and unavoidable situation. He told his 12 year old son to offer the Nivedyam to the Lord and
left. At the prescribed time he offered Nivedyam (cooked rice) to the Lord and thought in simplicity that the Lord will
eat the rice, but the idol did not move. Unni went outside and brought some salted mangoes and curd from
neighborhood in the belief that the Lord likes food this way. He mixed the curd with rice and offered it again. But the
idol again remained unmoved. He cajoled, requested, coaxed and in the end threatened, but idol still unmoved . He
started crying on his failure and shouting towards the Lord that his father would beat him. The Lord could not bear it
any more, and suddenly the Nivedyam got disappeared. The boy left the place satisfactorily. The Nivedyam offered
to the Lord was the Variyar's prerequisite. On seeing the empty plate, he became very angry with the Unni, but Unni
still could not understand and told Variyar that God ate up the rice with the curd and salted mangoes. The Unni's
innocent word made Variyar more furious. On santhi's arrival, Variyar told the complaint that Unni himself had eaten
the Nivedyam, and that he was making a false story. Though Unni told his version, father could not believe it. He
raised his hands to beat him, but just then an asareeri (celestial voice) was heard saying, "I am the guilty, Unni is
innocent".
KITTAI'S COCONUTS
On Arattu day, the Utsava vigraha will be taken out and tender coconut water abhishekam (pouring of coconut water
over the idol) will be done. An Ezhava family called Tampuran Patikkal brings these tender coconuts for this
important rite. The legend behind this practice goes like this. Once, on the Arattu day, one Keezhsanthi went to a
Kittai of Tampuran Patikkal and asked for some tender coconut to quench his thirst. Kittai was a bit slow to get the
coconut and the Keezhsanthi went away in a hurry. As soon as he left, the coconuts began to fall from the trees, on
their own, one after the other. The Kittai got shocked on seeing this, he took a head load full of 25 coconuts and ran
to the temple. He met one of the ooralars or trustees of the temple and described the whole incident. On enquiring it
was found that neither of the two Keezhsanthi’s had gone that way. It was evident that the Keezhsanthi was none
other than the Lord himself and that He wanted the fun of an abhishekam with tender coconut water. Thus started
this rite of tender coconut water abhishekam on the Arattu day. The privilege of bringing the tender-coconuts was
conferred on the descendants of that family.
ANAYOTTAM OR ELEPHANT RACE
Once Guruvayur was a Keezhedam (subordinate temple) of Thrikanamathilakam (Trikkunavay). The festival of
Trikkunavay used to finish two days before the beginning of Guruvayur Utsavam. The elephants used to come from
Trikkunavay for the Guruvayur utsavam. Once they refused to send their elephants to Guruvayur for not making
payment in time. The elephants were chained but they broke the chain and ran to Guruvayur without the mahouts on
that night. From that day onwards the elephants used to leave Trikkunavay on Punarvasu to reach Guruvayur in time
for the festival. Trikkunavay was destroyed by the Dutch in 1755. To keep the reminiscence of this unusual event,
the elephant race (aanayottam) is conducted every year and this marks the beginning of the Guruvayur Utsavam.
The elephants run from Manjulal, (the banyan tree half a kilometer away from the eastern entrance to the temple)
enter the temple, take 7 rounds and touch the flagstaff in the end. The first elephant to touch the flagstaff will be
given special treatment inside the temple on the days of Utsavam and will get the privilege of carrying the Lord's
thidambu for the procession.
THE LORD AS ASSISTANT COOK
One day a devotee wanted a feast to be held for the Lord with a hundred measures of rice. In Guruvayur the
intended offering to the Lord is to be prepared by the two Keezhsanthi’s. One of the Keezhsanthi was on leave due
to illness. Mallisseri Namboodiri was worried and he spent a sleepless night pondering over how to make the next
days' arrangements. He could do nothing other than pray to the Lord chanting His name overnight for a solution. The
next day he went to the temple, looked around, and was relieved to see the Keezhsanthi who had been on leave
returned and was preparing the feast. After completion of cooking the Keezhsanthi went to Rudratheertham for a
bath but not to return. He was not seen the next day also. Mallisseri sent his man to enquire about him. To his
surprise he learned that the Keezhsanthi was actually bed ridden ever since he had been on leave. It was
unbelievable but Mallisseri understood the whole thing. It was the Lord himself who came and helped him out of the
difficulty.
THE LORD AS MANGATTACHAN
Poonthanam a devout devotee of the Lord who used to walk about 100 kilometers to take darshan of
Guruvayurappan every month. Once on his way, he was attacked by some robbers. Sensing the danger he closed
his eyes and cried out for Lord's help. After some time there spread a sweet scent of Vanamala, the garland worn by
Sreekrishna, and he opened his eyes to see Mangattachan (the Minister of the Zamorin Raja) standing before him
with his drawn sword drenched in blood and also the dead bodies of the robbers around him. Quite relieved,
Poonthanam cried out "Krishna!, Krishna!, your leelas are wonderful!". He took the ring off his finger and presented
to Mangattachan.
The Melsanthi of the Guruvayur temple, the same night, heard in a dream, an Unni Namboodiri telling him "You will
find a ring on the idol. Give it to Poonthanam, who will come tomorrow". Quite miraculously, he saw a ring on the idol
when he opened the Sreekovil next day. Shortly Poonthanam came for darshan and started his prayers. Melsanthi
came out from Sreekovil and gave Poonthanam the ring and told him what had happened. Poonthanam was
flabbergasted to see that the ring was his own, which he had presented to Mangattachan, the day before! It was
Lord Guruvayurappan himself, who came to the rescue of Poonthanam as Mangattachan.
MELPATHUR HUMBLED
The Jnanapana (means the song of wisdom) written in simple Malayalam is Poonthanam's greatest work. Melpathur
was the most popular Sanskrit scholar of that time. Poonthanam showed the draft of his Jnanapana to Melpathur.
Malayalam was not accepted in the learned circle those days and Melpathur had contempt for Malayalam, which
was not considered equal to Sanskrit. He refused to see Poonthanam's work and told him blatantly to learn Sanskrit
and then start writing. This act of Melpathur hurt Poonthanam. Melpathur was composing Narayaneeyam in those
days and when he came next day to offer dasaka of ten slokas (ten stanzas) before the Lord, he could not utter a
single word. A small boy in his teens, never seen before presented himself and pointed out mistakes after mistakes
in the slokas composed by Melpathur. After ten mistakes in ten slokas Melpathur realised the divinity of the boy. He
fell at the feet of the boy but the boy disappeared and there was an asareeri (celestial voice) saying, "Poonthanam's
Bhakthi (devotion) is more pleasing to me than Melpathur's Vibhakthi (learning or knowledge in Sanskrit grammar)".
Melpathur realised his mistake and asked Poonthanam to pardon him and amended his arrogance by reading the
works of Poonthanam.
THE LORD'S PARTIALITY FOR POONTHANAM
Though Poonthanam and Melpathur were great devotees of Lord Guruvayurappan, Poonthanam, a great poet, who
wrote his verses in the vernacular, was famous for his bhakthi where as Melpathur, an erudite scholar and great poet
in Sanskrit was known for his vibhakthi.
The Lord was partial towards Poonthanam than Melpathur. Melpathur used to laugh at Poonthanam's Sanskrit
reading and recitation. One day Poonthanam was wrongly reciting "Padmanabho Maraprabhu", which means Lord of
trees in Malayalam. Melpathur openly laughed at Poonthanam and corrected saying, Padmanabha is not
Maraprabhu (Lord of trees) but Amaraprabhu (which means Lord of immortals in Sanskrit). Immediately, there was
an asareeri (celestial voice) from the inner shrine, "I am also Maraprabhu" (Lord of trees).
Now there is a statue of "Maraprabhu" in the Sreevalsam Guest house (South side of the temple) compound fully
made of clay. This is the biggest idol made of clay in Asia.
VILLWAMANGAL AM'S VISIONS
Villwamangalam's devotion and dedication towards the Lord was such that he could have visions of the Lord,
independent of the image. Wherever he went, he had visions. He visualised Vishnu, Siva, and in Guruvayur it was
Unnikrishna and the Lord's other disguises. Whenever he came to Guruvayur for darshan, the Lord granted him
vision from the Sanctum-Sanctorum (central shrine). One day he did not get the Lord's vision from there. He went
around the temple in search of the Lord. The sound of tinkling of bells from the northern nalambalam attracted his
curiosity. He peeped in and saw Unnikrishna dancing there. From that day onwards this place came to be known as
Nritham ( Nrithappura or dancing hall).
On another occasion also, he could not see the Lord's vision in the central shrine. Later he found the Lord sitting
amidst the Marar boys (drummer's boys) and sharing feast with them, as the Lord was fond of the feast given to the
Marar boys. It later became an important offering with the devotees.
A third time also, he failed to have the Lord's vision in the central shrine. It was night time and the Krishnanattam
was being staged in the courtyard. The saint ultimately found him on the stage with the 'gopikas'. Since then,
Krishnanattam came to be staged in the northern bahyankana (outer courtyard) instead of the eastern bahyankana.
And it begins only when the central shrine is closed after the last pooja at night.
KURURAMMA, VILLWAMANGALAM AND THE LORD
Kururamma was a childless widow. She adopted Unnikrishnan as her son and gave Him a lot of motherly love.
Villwamangalam also saw the Lord in the form of Unnikrishnan but the Lord always preferred Kururamma for her
devotion. Once an old Brahmin with severe stomach ache approached Villwamangalam for relief. Villwamangalam
could not cure him and told that the pain is the result of his past karma. Dispirited and dejected he unknowingly
reached Kururamma's house. Kururamma thought he is hungry and offered him some food. The Brahmin said that
he could not eat any food because of his stomach ache, which even Villwamangalam could not cure. After listening
to his grievances, she told the Brahmin to have a bath in the tank, in the name of Lord. After his bath, he was served
food. He realized that his stomach ache had disappeared. He ate the food and expressed his gratitude to
Kururamma.
One day Kururamma was washing her cloths. A few drops of water unintentionally fell upon Chemmangatt Amma,
another lady of the locality who had finished her bath. She felt polluted and took a second plunge in water to purify.
She sarcastically told Kururamma that now she was doubly clean and stated that today Villwamangalam would be
coming to her illam (house of a Brahmin) for bhiksha (alms). By this she wanted to show her acquaintance with the
saint Villwamangalam. Kururamma replied that saint would only come to her illam and not in Chemmangatt's illam.
Kururamma sent a member of her family to invite the saint, but he apologetically refused since he had promised
Chemmangatt earlier. After his daily worship, Villwamangalam started for Chemmangatt's house for the bhiksha. But
the pilot who was to lead his way by blowing conch to announce his presence could not produce any sound from his
conch (shankh). It was a bad omen and Villwamangalam was bewildered. Then he remembered his refusal to
Kururamma's offer in the morning, and decided that it is the Lord's wish that he should go to Kururamma's illam. On
this thought itself, the conch started functioning and filled the air with its resonant sound. The saint then turned his
steps towards Kururamma's house. The Lord was always partial to Kururamma.
History
Early history
According to the legends, the idol worshipped here is more than 5000 years old. But there are no historical records to
establish it. In the 14th century Tamil literature 'Kokasandesam', references about a place called Kuruvayur is made.
As early as 16th century (50 years after the Narayaneeyam was composed) many references are seen about
Kuruvayur. In ancient Dravidic, Kuruvai means sea; hence the village on the coast may be called Kuruvayur.
But according to Prof. K V Krishna Iyer (eminent historian), the Brahmins had begun to come and settle at
Kodungalloor during the period of Chandra Gupta Maurya (321-297 BC). Trikkunavay in the Guruvayur documents is
the same as Thrikkanamathilakam or Mathilakam mentioned in the Dutch and British records. And this place was in
between Guruvayur and Kodungalloor. Guruvayur was Trikkunavay's subordinate shrine since they were destroyed
by the Dutch in 1755. That way Guruvayur must have come into existence before 52 AD. The story of Pandyan King
building a shrine here may be a reference to the Azhavars , but they are all silent in their writing about Guruvayur.
It was Melpathur's Narayaneeyam through which the Temple got publicity. The concept of Unnikrishnan popularised
by Poonthanam , Kururamma , and Villwamangalam brought more and more devotees to Guruvayur.
Zamorin’s period
Mamankam was a very famous event at Thirunavaya, on the bank of Bharathapuzha. The war between the Zamorins
and the Raja of Valluvanad of Thirunavaya in a way popularised Guruvayur temple. Due to the prolonged war people
across the river bank started preferring Guruvayur. Even the Zamorin become a devotee and thus his subjects
followed him completely. The central shrine which we see today is said to have been rebuilt in 1638 AD. Viswabali
was performed later to propitiate all the spirits, good and bad. By the end of 16th century Guruvayur had become
most popular pilgrimage centre in Kerala.
In 1716 AD, the Dutch raided Guruvayur. They looted treasures, gold of the flag staff, and set fire to the Western
Gopuram. It was later rebuilt in 1747 AD. In 1755 AD, the Dutch in war with the Zamorin destroyed Trikkunavay
temple and the Brahmins fled from there. Later the Zamorin become the trustee of both Guruvayur and Trikkunavay,
and also their Melkoyma (Sovereign protector).
In 1766 AD, Hyder Ali of Mysore captured Kozhikode (Calicut) and then Guruvayur. He fined 10,000 fanams to spare
the temple. This fine was paid but due to insecurity pilgrims receded, the supply of rice was stopped and the tenants
stopped annual dues. On the request of the Malabar Governor, Shrnivasa Rao, Hyder Ali granted a Devadaya (free
gift) and the temple was saved from extinction. Again in 1789 AD Tippu Sultan invaded Zamorin's province.
Apprehending the destruction, the idol was hidden underground and the Utsava vigraha was taken to Ambalapuzha
by Mallisseri Namboodiri and Kakkad othikkan. Tippu destroyed the smaller shrines and set fire to the Temple, but it
was saved due to timely rain. Tippu lost to the Zamorin and the English in 1792 AD. The idol hidden underground and
the Utsava vigraha were re-installed on September 17th , 1792. But the daily poojas and routines were seriously
affected.
The Ullanad Panickers rescued and looked after the temple for good 75 years (1825 to 1900). Like Chempakassery
Namboodiri and Deshavarma Namboodiri, the Panickers offered everything from service to property. Thus with their
help daily pooja and Utsavam (annual festival) were once again restored.
From 1859 to 1892, the Chuttambalam, the Vilakkumatam, the Koothambalam and Sastha shrine were renovated
and roofed with copper sheeting. In 1900, Sri Konthi Menon, as a manager fixed the hours of worship and led the
drive to keep the temple premises clean. He set up the big bell and reconstructed Pathayapura (granary). In 1928,
the Zamorin once again become the administrator of Guruvayur.
In 1931-32, Late Kelappan (known as "Kerala Gandhi" ) led the Guruvayur Satyagraha to
secure the entry of lower castes in temples. The lower castes were allowed to go only up to
Thiyyarambalam, more than about half kilometer from the temple. He started a fast unto death
in front of the Eastern Gopuram. He broke the fast at the insistence of Mahatma Gandhi. It did
not produce any immediate result but led to the entry of Dalits in various Kerala temples.
In 1947, the Guruvayur temple was also opened for the entry of all Hindus. Later, namaskara
sadya (feast), which was only for Brahmins was scrapped and was opened to everyone
irrespective of caste.
The fire and renovation
On November 30, 1970, a massive fire broke out in the temple. It begin from the western chuttambalam and raged all
around for five hours, but the Sreekovil , the Vigraha, sub-shrines of Ganapathy , Sastha , Bhagavathy and flag-staff
remained unaffected. People from all walks of life, irrespective of age, caste, creed and religion fought the fire to set a
glorious example. Later, the temple was once again built to the glory of the Lord.
This shocking incidence of fire took place on 29th November during the season of Ekadasivilakku. On this day
Vilakku was celebrated on a grand scale and all the lamps in the Vilakkumatam were lighted. After the Seeveli
procession, the function came to an end and the gates of Gopuram were closed. Around 1.00 am, somebody in the
immediate neighborhood near the western chuttambalam saw a blaze from within the Temple. Roused by the news,
the whole lot of people, irrespective of caste, color or creed rushed to the Temple and joined in fighting the fire with
water and sand. Later, the fire force units of Ponnani, Thrissur (Trichur) and FACT arrived and started fighting the fire
which seems to have started from the western Vilakkumatam. It was brought under control by 5.30 am.
Seeing the uncontrollable fire, the authorities had already removed the valuables from the Sreekovil. The Ganapathy
idol, Sastha idol and the main idol of Lord Guruvayurappan were shifted to the Koothambalam and then to a more
safer place, the residence of the Tantri. The fire gutted the whole of chuttambalam, the entire Vilakkumatam on the
west, south and north sides. The Chuttambalam was only 3 yards off, but still the fierce fire did not touch even the dry
flower garlands, which hung on the corner of the Sreekovil.
Two committees were formed to undertake the renovation work. One committee was headed by the Devaswom
Minister, Govt. of Kerala and another technical committee to advice on the renovation work. It had eminent engineers,
astrologers and the Tantri as the members. The committee arrived at some general decisions.
• To attract more devotees, all possible alterations to remove inconveniences which are permitted according to tantric principles.
• To increase the moving space for worshippers by reducing the height of Chuttambalam basement. To provide granite pillars instead of wooden.
• To put granite wall against the Vilakkumatam. • To provide a passage around the Ganapathy shrine to eliminate congestion. • To reconstruct the Ganapathy temple in granite. • To put a granite engraved "Ananthasayanam" in place of the old "Ananthasayanam" (Mahavishnu lying over
serpent) painting which was lost in fire. • To widen the gates at the north and east entrances. • To reduce the size of the Nivedyathara at the south of the Mandapam.
Eminent astrologers of Kerala were requested to attend the meeting and decide about the Lord's approval for above
mentioned changes. Except the widening of two doors everything else were approved. The foundation stone for the
renovation was laid by His Holiness Jagatguru Kanchi Kamakoti Matadhipathy Jayendra Saraswathy Swamikal. The
ten round pillars in the two Vathilmatam were magnificently carved. The eastern pillar on the southern Vathilmatam,
at the foot of which Melpathur meditated and wrote the Narayaneeyam was not removed. After the great fire, the
Vilakkumatam, for the first time, was lighted on the Vishu day, 14th April, 1973.
Old political organisation
Before the British occupation, Guruvayur was a temple state. As a state it had a well defined government, law and
order maintenance, army and judicial jurisdiction. As a colony of Trikkunavay, Guruvayur had certain obligations too.
It had to receive the permission of the parent temple to celebrate the Annual Utsavam (festival).
The Sovereign Lord - As a temple state, its sovereignty resided in the Lord himself. All deeds and documents were
drawn up in his name. The last item in the daily routine before temple closure is the reading of the Trithola (the
sacred palm leaf), which details the day's expenditure. The Lord has also a private account of his own. All the
remuneration, unused properties etc. were credited to the Lord's account. The annual Utsavam corresponds to the
annual birthday celebrations of a sovereign king. The Lord thus holds dual office - As an owner of own land of temple
of Trikkunavay but also as a tenant of the temples which comes under it.
OOraalars - The Lord handled the functions his state through the committee of ooraalars (or uralans) . This
committee consisted only of members elected by the yogam or assembly. Later it became hereditary. In the 17th
century, there were only seven families and they were all ooraalars. Possibly committee of ooraalars consisted seven
members representing seven illams of Chomana, Mallisseri, Jnelliyur, Trithala, Tathamangalam, Pillanazhi and
Arimpur. Of these Mallisseri alone is extent.
Yogam - It consist of the heads of all the Namboodiri families of Guruvayur, around 72 . When the urayma became
hereditary, yogam lost the selection right as well as examination of previous accounts. Yogam used to meet to
consider budget and arrangements for annual festivals and poojas. It also looked after extraordinary rites of Viswabali
after the renovation and consecration of the idol, attending major repairs in temples as well as hearing of the
complaints and rendering the judgments.
The Meledam - As the parent settlement and apex of the order, Trikkunavay exercised a nominal control over the
affairs of Guruvayur. Its consent was required for the annual festival , special worships like mandala pooja , Viswabali
, renovation, installation and consecration etc. Normally its chief accountant, Kantiyur Pattar used to come with
permission and supervised the ceremonies of Guruvayur.
Kantiyur Pattar - 'Pattar' in Tamil means learned Brahmin or may be taken from Pattola karyakkar (ministry of
accounts). Kantiyur is a village near Mavelikkara. It is not known how Kantiyur Pattar became the hereditary
accountant of Trikkunavay. The Kantiyur Pattar was one of the dignitaries who accompanied the Arattu procession. In
19th century, one Kantiyur Pattar, who was accompanying the procession, was murdered. In memory of this event,
an Athani was set up here and the Utsava procession comes to halt at this point and silence is made for a minute. A
member of the Kantiyur family comes forward and bowing before the lord reads a palm leaf, "Namukku sankatam
tirnnu" (I am consoled). After this the procession resumes in its usual style.
Pura koyma - Koyma is derived from 'ko' (means king) or 'kol' (means rod), wielder of the rod . In every big temple
there were two koymas, Pura and Aka koyma. The purakoyma was concerned with all external matters like the
protection of the temple and its property and the execution of the decisions of the yogam and ooraalars.
The Zamorins - When Punnathur became subject to the Zamorins, the latter became the Melkoyma (presiding Lord).
Zamorins later became the protector of Trikkunavay and in 1757 AD he succeeded to become the owner of all the
keezhedams of Trikkunavay including Guruvayur.
The Vanneri Nambidi - The Vanneri Nambidi was Punnathur's representative on the spot. His family seat was at
Vanneri or Valiyankode. Later the family divided into two branches, the Kizhakke (Eastern) and Patinjare (Western)
Vanneri. Kizhakke Nambidi was the elder branch and resided permanently at Guruvayur. He accompanied the Lord
to Aarattukulam for Arattu and back to the temple as 'akampadi' (escort). He was the final authority on the
Old Administration
The superior staff in the administration was called Kovil adhikarikal, and lower staff as Kovil karmikal. The members
of the staff were either given a monthly remuneration or assigned lands.
Aka koyma
The Aka koyma had to see that all the poojas and routine were performed at the proper time. He was the koyma or
the supreme authority in the akam inside the temple (temple matters as far as administration is concerned). He had
his own room called koyma room inside the nalambalam.
Samudaya manusham (representative of the samudayam)
Representative of the samudayam, consisting of the yogam and Ooraalars. He was the chief executive, who does
work in the name of Lord, as ordered by the Ooraalar. As a servant he wasn't appointed from the Guruvayur
Namboodiries. In ancient times, he was appointed by the Ooraalar, subject to yogam approval. He used to get keys
of Bandaram (cash box) with itangazhi (small 13 measures). Since 1757, the Zamorins started appointing him and
Mallisseri instructing.
Ooraalar - The term Oor means village and Ooraalan /Ooraalar means village master/masters
Variyar
The official with whom people come in direct contact was the Variyar. They received offerings and made
arrangements for performing them and were known as Pana-pravarthikkaran. The reading of daily Trithola (daily
accounts) at night was done by them. Three families of Chowallur, Vadakkeppat and Tiruvankatam performed these
functions every ten days in turn. They were called pathukar (ten day men).
Puthiyadathu Pisharodi
Pisharodi is a truncated form of Patarar tiruvati. Originally, the Patarar Tiruvati was the name of a Jain deity. After the
ascendancy of Hinduism over Jainism, the tiruvati's status deteriorated from a Aka Koyma to kazhakakkaran
(sweeping the ankana, cleaning the vessels, making garlands etc.). The Puthiyadathu Pisharodi were the
kazhakakkaran of Edatharikathu Kavu (Devi temple). Earlier they were also temple criers.
Chronicle of events
The idol installed here at Guruvayur temple considered being 5000 years old and lot of legends associated with it.
1030 - Sreekovil and Mandapam renovated.
1058 - Koothambalam and Nalambalam reconstructed.
12thcentury - Western Gopuram constructed.
14thcentury - Tantra Samuchaya written by Chennas Narayanan Namboodiri.
14thcentury - Mentions of Kuruvayur in Tamil literature and Kokasandesam.
1587 - Narayaneeyam composed
1637 - Temple records available in Kolezhuthu script
1638 - The central shrine rebuilt.
1716 - Dutch raided Guruvayur and set fire to the Western Gopuram.
1747 - Western Gopuram rebuilt by Panikkaveettil Ittirayicha Menon, Karyasthan.
1756 - Dutch attacked and desecrated Trikkunavay to which Guruvayur was a Keezhedam (Subordinate temple)
1757 - Dutch again attacked Trikkunavay temple and the Devaswom dissolved.
1757 - Zamorin became the supervising trustee with Mallisseri as the co-trustee of Guruvayur.
1766 - Hyder Ali attacked Guruvayur.
1780 - "Devadaya" from Hyder Ali through Madras Governor Shri. Srinivasa Rao.
1789 - Tippu Sultan attacked Guruvayur - Utsavavigraha shifted to Ambalappuzha and Moolavigraha to a safe
underground place.
1792 - September 17 - Reinstallation of the Moolavigraha after the victory of Zamorins over Tippu with the help of
British.
1825 - 1892- Temple under the supervision of Court.
1836 - Installation of Deepasthambam in front of the gate way.
1841 - Government of Madras restored Devadaya appropriated by Tippu Sultan.
1842 - The Eastern Gopuram rebuilt.
1859 - Central shrine and mandapam covered with copper sheeting. A permanent flagstaff with bell metal covering
set up.
1889 - Dispute started between trustees. Even temple closed for over a week.
1892 - Chuttambalam, Vilakkumatam, Koothambalam and Sastha Shrine were renovated and roofed with copper
sheets.
1893 - Compromise was arrived between trustees.
1900 - Big bell was set up and reconstructed the Pathayapura (granary).
1910 - Deepasthambam at Eastern Gopuram installed by Shri Chettur Sankaran Nair.
1915 - A court of wards assumed the management of Zamorin's Estate including Guruvayur temple.
1922 - January 4th Nadayiruthal of elephant "Kesavan".
1927 - Zamorins got back the administrative powers from the Court of Wards.
1930 - A clear administrative scheme was framed by the High court of Madras with the Zamorin once again as the
head.
1931 - Guruvayur Satyagraham started.
1932 - Temple remained closed for 12 days without pooja, because of Guruvayur Satyagraham.
1946 - Temple entry for all Hindus.
1952 - January 30 - Flagstaff completely enclosed with gold.
1964 - Sree Krishna College started.
1970 November 30 - Huge fire devastated the Temple.
1971 March 9 - Guruvayur Devaswom Act. Replaced the 1930 Scheme enacted by the Hon'ble High Court of
Madras. The Kerala Government takes charge of the temple administration.
1973 - The honor "Gajarajan" awarded to Kesavan on his Shashtipoorthi (60thbirth day).
1974 October 31 - The temple renovation after fire completed.
1978 March 2 - A regular bill passed in the Kerala Assembly with some modification to the existing Guruvayur
Devaswom Act - 1971.
Guruvayur satyagraham
The famous Guruvayur Satyagraham was started by the Gandhians in 1934, led by Late Shri. K Kelappan. They
advocated the need for throwing open the temple for worship by all Hindus including the
Dalits on an equal footing.
It was the platform near Manjulal where they started the struggle. This gave national
attraction to Guruvayur temple. In the early thirties as a second stage of their campaigns,
Shri. Kelappan started a fast un-to death. Late Shri. A K Gopalan was the volunteer captain
of the movement. But soon Mahatma Gandhi intervened and the fast was called off. The
temple remained closed for 12 days and poojas were suspended. It took another 15 years
for the objectives of the movement to be realised and the right to temple entry declared.
An impressive obelisk was erected right at the center of the Devaswom Satram to
commemorate the Satyagraham of 1931. The plaque on the obelisk carries a tribute to the
memory of this great historical event and a homage to its hero, Sri. K. Kelappan.
History of lord Maraprabhu
HISTORY OF LORD MARAPRABHU
An idol of Lord Maraprbhu is situated at south side of the temple in the Sreevalsam compound.
The Moolamantra Of Lord Maraprabhu (The Primal Chan t)
“Brahmanda Sarwaswavum Jeddhare vazhikkumee Mara Amara Prabhuve Pranamikkam”.
[Brahmnad – the whole universe, Sarwaswam – All, Jeddhare – womb, Vahikkume – carrier, Mara Amara – Mortal
and Immortal]
Meaning
I worship the Lord Maraprabhu who carries the cosmic universe in his womb.
Note
Even the yogis and Devathas wonder what could Maraprabhu bear in the heart and the head!
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF MARAPRABHU
Thousands of Artists worked hard for months together to complete this holy idol, which is
constructed in terracotta.
Thousands of different types of herbs were used in the tantric construction of this idol, which is 52 feet tall.
The idol Lord Maraprabhu is the material embodiment of all the medicinal herbs all over the world. Lord Maraprabhu
is the whole and complete symbol of the eternal potentialities of medicinal herbs. This idol sculptured in the traditional
terracotta style, is also a symbol of the bond between man and clay.
Upadevas
Ganapathy
In almost all Kerala temples, Ganapathy will find a place among upadevas of the main installation. Here the
Ganapathy shrine is situated within the Nalambalam itself, at the south-western corner. Initially this shrine was
situated in such a way that the devotees could not go around. But during the renovation work done after the fire,
sufficient passage has been provided around this shrine
Sastha
At the southern side of the temple, outside the Nalambalam and just inside the pradikshinavazhy is the shrine of
Sastha. This is the only shrine outside the Nalambalam. The shrine of Edatharikathu Bhagavathy is considered to be
in a separate compound with a small passage separating it with the main temple. The idol made of dark granite is
about a meter in height. There is a huge granite stone in front of the shrine, placed in an inclined position, for
breaking coconuts, considered very dear to Sastha. A small deepasthambam is there in front of the shrine. During the
mandala season, lot of devotees take darshan at this shrine. In front of the shrine arrangements are made for
"malayidal" and "kettunira" for Sabarimala pilgrimage during Mandala season.
Edatharikathu Bhagavathy
The name Edatharikathu Kavu has come on account of its proximity to the main deity. The goddess here is looked
upon as upadevatha (subordinate deity) of the temple. The popular belief is that the presiding deity is Vana Durga
and with this belief no roof is provided for the Sreekovil. This shrine is said to be older than the main deity. This shrine
is situated at the North-Eastern corner of the main temple, just outside bahyankana, on the bank of Rudratheertham.
There is a pradhikshina vazhy around the shrine.
Azhal is the important offering here and like other temples of Goddess, there is a permanent oracle (Velichappad).
Thalapoli is the important festival and usually unmarried girls alone will take the thalam. Two Thalapolies are
celebrated here during the month of Dhanu. One by the Thalapoli sangham and the other by the Devaswom. The last
ten days of Mandala season are also considered to be very holy here
Office Ganapathy
This shrine is situated at the East nada inside the old Devaswom office compound. There is no roof for this shrine.
The image here is considered to be very powerful and many people pray here to fulfill their wishes.
Unlike other Ganapathy idols, this idol has its tusk towards the left side. Daily pooja is conducted here. People break
coconuts in front of the shrine as an offering. Another main offering here is 'Ganapathy pooja' which can be done on
any day and in the month of Karkidakam, it is the most auspicious.
The Keezhedams
• NARAYANAMKULANGARA • THAMARAYUR • ANJUR • VERMANUR • MANGANCHIRA
• THALAKKOTTUKARA • PUNNATHUR • NENMINI • KAVEED • POONTHANAM
NARAYANAMKULANGARA BHAGAVATHY
This shrine in Mammiyur was closely associated with the extinct
Jamelliyur illam. The family enjoyed the right of offering the paddy
when the procession headed for Guruvayur for the meena pooram, till
the pooram celebration was stopped due to Tipu's invasion. Pana (
songs) in praise of the goddess with the Thalapoli on the last night of
first 10 days of Makaram is still celebrated. Navarathri , Nira , Puthari,
and mandala pooja are also celebrated. Vishu vela is celebrated on
the day following Vishu.
THAMARAYUR AYYAPPA VISHNU TEMPLES There is a big shrine dedicated to Ayyappa which belong to the
Thamarayur illam, situated 2.5 Km north of the Guruvayur. The Vishnu
temple is known as Sreekandapuram Vishnu temple. These are on the
way to Punnathur Kotta. Pooram is celebrated here on the 1st day of
Makaram every year.
ANJUR AYYAPPANKAVU
The shrine is located at Mundur, 16kms away from Guruvayur, on the
Guruvayur - Thrissur route. The presiding deity here is Ayyappa. It is
believed that on the Thiruvathira (Sixth asterism) day in the month of
Kumbham (February - March) every year, Lord Ayyappa used to come to
Guruvayur for Arattu which has stopped with the invasion of Tippu. Now
there is only Niramala (adorning the whole Sreekovil with 26 flower
garland) on the first nine days of Makaram and on the tenth day both
Niramala and Utsavam are celebrated by the Devaswom.
VERMANUR
Vermanur is situated at Parakkulam near Kunissery in Palakkad district.
Parakkulam literally means the tank of rocks and the temple is on the
eastern bank of the tank. It might have been either made over to
Guruvayur Devaswom by the Zamorins or purchased by Guruvayur from
him. The deity here is Shiva . Shivarathri and Prathishta Dinam
(foundation day), Nira, Puthari are important festivals.
MANGANCHIRA VISHNU TEMPLE
The presiding deity is Sree Krishna. The temple is in Peruvallur, in the
Annakara village, about 9 kms from Guruvayur. It is in the Peruvallur-
Trichur road. Ashtami Rohini is the important festival.
THALAKKOTTUKARA SIVA TEMPLE
It is in Kunnamkulam 8 kms away from Guruvayur on the Thrissur road. The
deity is Shiva. There are two shrines within the same Chuttambalam. One is
Swayambhu and in the other is the Linga. The same priest worships both.
Thiruvathira, Shivarathri and Prathishta Dinam are the main festivals.
PUNNATHUR SIVA AND BHAGAVATHY TEMPLES
These two temples are situated 3.5 kms away from Guruvayur in a place called Punnathur. Punnathur was
earlier the administrative center of the Punnathur Rajas, which was later purchased by the Devaswom in 1975.
These two temples and about 10 acres of landed properties were
taken from the receiver, Trichur Sub-Court. The main deities are Siva
and Bhagavathy. The Siva temple is also called the Thekke Ambalam
and the Bhagavathy Temple is called the Pathirikottu Kavu. In the
Bhagavathy temple, Navarathri Utsavam is celebrated.
KAVEED BHAGAVATHY TEMPLE This is one among the famous 108 Durga temples in Kerala.
Bhagavathy is the main deity. It is situated at Kaveed, 6 kms from
Guruvayur, near to Punnathur Kotta. Prathishta Dinam is celebrated
here. Karkkidaka Pooja is another important event which is celebrated
for 12 days.
POONTHANAM VISHNU TEMPLE
It is situated on the Perinthalmanna - Nilambur route, 60 kms away from
Guruvayur at Poonthanam. Vishnu is the main deity here. But it is more
famous for another deity of Lord Krishna, which was once worshipped by the
great poet Poonthanam himself. The successors of Poonthanam Namboodiri
gave this property to Guruvayur Devaswom.
The Poonthanam Day and Navarathri are the
main festivals. On the Poonthanam day, special cultural programmes and
literary seminars are arranged in the Poonthanam illam. Another deity which is
worshiped in the illam is the image of Thirumandamkunnu Bhagavathy.
NENMINI BALARAMA AND AYYAPPA TEMPLES
Nenmini is about 4 kms from Guruvayur towards the east of Guruvayur
temple. There are two small temples separated by 500 meters. The
main deities here are Balarama and Ayyappa. These temple were
under Nenmini mana which were later handed over to Devaswom
Temple Customs
• Only Hindus are allowed to enter the temple.
• The temple pond on the northern side is known as Rudratheertham. Devotees can purify themselves by
taking bath here and can enter the temple preferably with wet clothes.
• Follow the temple rules and regulations, so that all can comfortably worship the Lord.
• Do not enter the temple wearing shirt, banyan, pyjama, lungi, chequered clothes, chapels etc. There are
facilities to keep them outside the temple.
• Do not enter the temple wearing shirt, banyan, pyjama, lungi, chequered clothes, chapels etc. There are
facilities to keep them outside the temple.
• Do not take video camera, mobile phone, radio, tape recorder etc. inside the temple wall.
• Do not touch on the big altar stone (Balikkallu) by foot.
• Immediately after marriage, the couples should not enter the Nalambalam.
• Do not spit in the temple premises.
• Do not retain babies and children for a long time within the Nalambalam.
• The receipt for the remittance for offerings (Vazhipad) can be obtained from the booking counters on the
ground floor of the oottupura. Be careful not to get deceived by fraud agents for such bookings.
• Receipts obtained for the feeding of the poor etc. should be put inside the box for the purpose in front of the
booking counter.
• Such items as miniature human figures, replicas of hands, legs, eyes, abnormal body eruptions etc. made of
gold and silver can be obtained from the temple official, who are available near the Kodimaram (Flag-staff.
Put the amount you wish to offer in the Bandaram (Hundi).
• Udayasthamana Pooja, Chuttuvilakku, Bhagavathy Chuttuvilakku, Namaskaram, Krishnanattam and
offerings of the like, have to be booked in advance.
• Ornaments and such other costly offerings can be put in the Bhandaram.
• Enter the temple with an absolute sense of devotion.
• Take special care of your valuables.
• Offerings and the relevant letters should be sent to the Administrator, Guruvayur Devaswom, Guruvayur -
680101, Kerala. Complete information about offerings and full address of the person making the offerings in
bold capital letters should be given on the money order coupon or covering letter of DD. If these are not
given, the amount sent will be put in to the Bhandaram.
• Bank drafts or Money orders should be sent well in advance to make the offerings on the desired date
Architecture
SREEKOVIL
The Sreekovil (Sanctum Sanctorum) is designed in 2 layers with copper sheet roofing plated with gold. The deity is in
the traditionally orthodox form of Mahavishnu, with all the compliments - four arms each carrying sankh (conch),
chakra(wheel), gadha (club) and padmam (lotus). The Moolavigraha (main idol) is made of Pathalanjana Shila and is
considered extremely sacred.
There are two more idols one of silver and the other of gold of which the silver idol is more older. These are used for
the seeveli and other processions. Generally the gold idol is used and the silver idol
which is more older is taken out only for Arattu and on a few special occasions. There is a repletion of traditional
mural paintings on all the three sides, depicting sequences from puranic tales and Krishnaleela. There is amorous
and erotic accent in the murals.
The old doors of Sreekovil are replaced with a new set secured with gold plated bars and embellished with golden
bells. There are 101 bells, all made of silver and plated with gold.
Sopanam, the steps leading to the Sreekovil, are made of stone with carvings and designs of attractive
craftsmanship.
NALAMBALAM
Ankana - It is the inner courtyard around the Sreekovil (central shrine) and its passage is flanked by vathilmatam.
Vathilmatam - The two platforms on both sides of the Eastern entrance to the Sreekovil are called
Vathilmatam.Melpathur meditated andcomposed his magnum opus Narayaneeyam sitting here on theeastern pillar
on the southern Vathilmatam. The northern side was initially being used by the paradesaBrahmins and the southern
side by the KeralaBrahmins for daily orisons.
Namaskara Mandapam -The mandapam is situated right in the center of the chuttambalam or Nalambalam and just
right in front of the Sreekovil. The roof is supported by four granite pillars. The mandapam is plated with 100 kg
copper and 25 kg gold
Nalambalam (Chutambalam ) - The roofed structure around the ankana is the Nalambalam. Before the 1970 fire,
there was a chuttambalam (separate passage around Sreekovil between the Vathilmatam and the Vilakkumatam).
Now all are made under single roof and one cannot find the chuttambalam in some places like the Ganapathy shrine.
The southern side is divided in to five parts.
Titappalli is the place where the offerings to the Lord are prepared.
Patakkalam - where the pata (cooked rice) offered to the Lord is being distributed.
Turakka Ara , literally the unopened chamber, which is an under ground cell where the reserve cash, gold and silver
are believed to be hidden in ancient days. It remains closed witha huge granite stone. It is widely believed that this
contains rare and precious stones including the mythological "Syamanthakam". Legend has it that the treasures
inside the chamber are closely guarded by innumerable serpents.
Saraswathi Ara - where the palm leaf manuscripts are kept for worship during the Navarathri festival. Now it is shifted
to the Koothambalam.
Ganapathy shrine - Where the Ganapathy is worshipped.
Western Chuttambalam - In between the Ganapathyshrine and the store room the temple priests prepare sandal
paste and Variyar make garlands.
Northern Chuttambalam is towards the east of store room. It consists ofa small open hall, the chottara, where the
temple servants keep the choru (cooked rice).
Chottara (Velichanna) - earlier coconut oil room [ now shifted]
Nrithapura the northern part of chottarafrom where saint Villwamangalam had the darshan of Unnikrishna dancing.
Mulayara is the place where the pots filled with earth and ritually sown with different seeds and worshipped before
the beginning of the Annual Utsavam every year.
Koyma Ara , the office of the Akakoymas (in the old administrative setup), whose charge is to see that the poojas of
the day areconductedproperly.
Sacred well - There is a deep well to the south of Nrithapura. Nowhere in the neighborhood, there is such clear and
cool water. The water in the well maintains its level throughout the year. This water is used for the daily poojas and
abhishekam inside Sreekovil.
NADAPPURA
Bhahyankanam is the outer courtyard where the procession for the Seeveli takes place. It is open both on the south
and the west. The northern courtyard was in the past covered by a tiled roof ( now by a concrete roof ) with a small
opening near its western end for acharyabhivandanam , in commemoration of Sankaracharya`s forced landing .
Beyond the Sastha shrine and the opening on the courtyard from the opposite side are the store rooms , the quarters
for the temple priests , the Patinjare Gopuram , also the aduppukalam ( big kitchen) , where the rice and other items
for the feasts are prepared.
Gopurams - There are two storied Gopurams at the eastern and western entrances which house some of the rare
frescos of the 16th century. These mural paintings are distinct from those found in other temples in their theme and
style. Some of the paintings were damaged in the course of time and due to the fire in 1970 , and were then
repainted.
Vilakkumatam
The massive array of metal lamps round the Sreekovil on the outer walls of the Nalambalam. Around 8000 brass
metal lamps fixed on the wooden trellis, around the temple are lighted on the festival and special days or by an
offering.
Nadappura - The roof expanse inside the temple between the Eastern Gopuram and the balickalpura is called
Nadappura . 'Aanappanthal' is the northern portion of nadappura. It acquired the name from its giant size. (aana
means elephant and panthal means pavilion). Here annaprasam , thulabharam etc. are being conducted . Formerly
marriages were conducted under it but now marriages are shifted to the Kalyana Mandapam
Dhwajasthambam or the flag-staff rises amidst the eastern bahyankana which has a tiled roof. Dhwajasthambam is
encased in plated gold at a height of 600feet. Flag is hoisted to mark the beginning of the Annual Utsavam and will be
there till the Arattu day.
Valiya mani - Situated south of Kizhakke Gopuram and near the south east corner of the bahyankana, is the valiya
mani (big bell), announcing the time by its hourly chiming.
Koothambalam - It is the stage or the theatre for presenting the Chakiyar koothu . Koothambalam is located in the
front and to the right of the presiding deity. The pillars and the ceilings of it are profusely engraved , painted and
lavishly embellished with ornamental filigrees and fittings.
Deepasthambams - Just in front of the temple there is a huge tower of light, it has thirteen discs including basement
and is 24 feet in height. There are four Deepasthambams made of brass, inside the temple. One at northern wing
was smashed by theGajarajan Kesavan. The eastern tower, Kizhakke Gopuram (eastern tower) is 33 feet and
Patinjhare Gopuram (western tower) is 27 feet in height.
SURROUNDINGS
Rudratheertham - This is the tank behind the oottupura where the Lord has His annual Arattu. Siva is said to have
washed and worshipped the deity when the idol was brought by Guru and Vayu for installation to Guruvayur.
Kovilakam - Towards the south from the Kizhakke Gopuram is Kovilakam(Zamorin Palace), the place where Prince
Manavedan had been residing during the days of composition of Krishnagiti (1654). This has been demolished and
Sreevalsam rest house have come-up.
Prince Manavedan became Zamorin King. Another text composed by him is Purva Bharatha Campu (1644)
Athani - On the northern bank of the Rudratheertham is an Athani (porters' rest), in memory of a Kantiyur Pattar, a
trusted servant of the temple who got murdered on an Utsava day. As a mark of respect, Lord's Arattu procession
stops here for a minute.
Tantrimadam - On the north-east bank of Rudratheertham in the Inner-ring road is the tantrimadam or the official
residence of the Tantri.
Kizhakke Nada - There were many residences on the right side of the street.The Pazhaya othikkans madam, the
residence of the Thiyyarambalam priests, Mallisseri Malika and Chondath Malika on the Kizhakee nada are no more
now. Till the temple entry of 1947, Thiyyas and other avarnas (lower cast people) were permitted to approach only up
to Thiyyarambalam. About a furlong and a half from the Thiyyarambalam is Manjulal (the banyan tree). This is the
starting point of the elephant race which precedes Kodiyettam (hosting of the flag) for the Annual Utsavam.
The daily poojas in the temple
The temple is open at 3 am and closes after the day's poojas and rituals around 10 pm. Normally there are five
poojas and three circumambulatory processions called Sreeveli, propitiating the celestial deities and carrying the
Lord’s Thidambu on elephant's back. During the days of Udayasthamana Poojas there will be a total of twenty one
poojas.
THE TEMPLE OPENS AT 3.00 AM & TEMPLE WILL BE CLOSED BETWEEN 1.30PM AND 4.30PM AND
REOPENS AT 4.30 PM
Time Pooja
3.00am to 3.30am Nirmalyam
3.20am to 3.30am Oilabhishekam, Vakacharthu, Sankhabhishekam
3.30am to 4.15am Malar Nivedyam, Alankaram
4.15am to 4.30am Usha Nivedyam
4.30am to 6.15am Ethirettu pooja followed by Usha pooja
7.15am to 9.00am Seeveli,Palabhishekam,Navakabhishekam, Pantheeradi Nivedyam, and Pooja
11.30am to 12.30pm Ucha pooja (the noon pooja)
4.30pm to 5.00pm Seeveli
6.00pm to 6.45pm Deeparadhana
7.30pm to 7.45pm Athazha pooja Nivedyam
7.45pm to 8.15pm Athazha pooja
8.45pm to 9.00pm Athazha seeveli
9.00pm to 9.15pm Thrippuka, Olavayana
9.15pm
The Sreekovil will be closed. On the day of Special Illuminations called "Vilakku" the Thripuka is performed after that. The Sreekovil will be closed after Thripuka. Then the Krishnanattam, a colourful traditional dance-drama on Lord Krishna's life is enacted inside the Temple on specified days.
*The timings given are approximate. It may vary if there is Udayasthamana pooja or on certain special occasions.
Offerings at Guruvayoor.....
Gajapooja and Aanayoottu
The devaswom is Making the arrangements for the traditional auspicious worshipof elephants is known as Gajapooja.
Now there is an offering called Aanayoottu. This is the feeding of lord's elephants with rice, jaggery, plantain, coconut
etc. The charges for this offering per day is Rs. 6000/-. The feeding takes place at3pm at the Devaswom elephant's
sanctury at Punnathur Kotta.
Prasada oottu (Annadaanam)
There are arrangements for free feeding as Prasadam at the dining hall for thousands of pilgrims at 10 am and 7.30
pm. One can make offering of any amount for this free feeding.
NAME OF OFFERING MINIMUM CHARGES (Rs)
Palpayasam 20
Neipayasam 20
Sarkarapayasam 20
VellaNivedyam 10
Appam 12
Ada 10
Avil 10
Thirumadhuram 10
Butter Nivedyam 5
Sugar Plantain 10
Undamala 40
Thirumudimala 12
Niramala 100
Annaprasam (Chorun) 10
Bhagavathy Azhal 10
Butter after Japam 2
Kelikkayyu 10
Purusha sooktham 3
Ashtotharam Archana 4
Sahasra namam Archana 5
Alankaram with Kalabham (6 Balls) 5400
Kalabham 1 Ball 900
Kalabham 1 Packet 25
Ghee Lamp 1
Ghee Lamp in Sreekovil 3000
Ghee Lamp in Sreekovil 4500
Ghee Lamp in Sreekovil 500
Thali pooja 10
Oil Abhishekam (250ml) 160
Malar Nivedyam 16
Marriage 250
Ashtapathi (One Chapter) 2
Geetha ( One Chapter) 2
Bhagavatham (One Chapter) 2
Bhagavatha Sapthaham 1000
Narayaneeyam (One Dasakam) 2
Ganapathy Archana 3
Sastha Archana 3
Lalitha Sahasra nama Archana 5
Palada Pradhaman 100
Eratti Payasam 110
Namaskaram (Approximate) 5500
Athazham (Approximate) 5500
Palakapuram 3000
Ahassu 1500
Malayidal ( Sabarimala) 2
Kettu Nira ( Sabarimala) 5
Thulabharam Thattil Panam( Cost of Items extra) 5
Anayoottu 6000
Go-pooja 250
Go-Preethi 10
Maintenance of Elephants Any amount
Alroopam Any amount
Prasada oottu Any amount
Vahana pooja (Heav Vehicles) 300
Vahana Pooja Car, Jeep etc 150
Vahana Pooja Auto rikshaw, Motor cycle etc 75
Vidyarambham 5
Saptha Sudhi Abhishekam 202
Saptha Sudhi Abhishekam (Minimum) 2
Veda Parayanam 1000
SapthasudhiAbhishekam 202
Sapthasudhi (min) 2
Vedaparayanam 1000
Milk Abhishekam 20
Chuttambalalam 10000
East Deepasthambham 3000
West Deepasthambham 3000
Bhagavathy Chuttuvilakku 1000
Nivedyakooru 1
Kadali 2
Vettila Adakka 2
Gayathry NeyJapam 5
Deepasthambham Inside 1600
Avatharam 1500
Kaliamardhanam 1500
Rasakreeda 1500
Kamsavadham 1500
Swayamvaram 1500
Bhanayudham 1500
Vividhavadham 1500
Swargarohanam 1700
Chuttuvilakku (2019 Onwards) 35000
Namaskaram And Athaazham
Both these offerings can be made by one devotee per day. The athaazham can be conducted only by the devotee
who conducts udayasthamana pooja day before. The namaskaram can be conducted only by the devotee who
conducts udayasthamana pooja of the day. Both Athaazham and Namaskaram will not be conducted on Vavu and
Ekadasi night.
Choroonu
The choroonu for kids will not be conducted on Ekadasi and Vavu Night. The choroonu will not be conducted on
Guruvayur Ekadasi Day.
Chuttuvilakku
Now devotees can book Chutuvilakku for the year 2019. The rate of chutuvilakku is 35,000/-.
Thulabharam
Offering one's weight of such materials as water, coconut, butter,sugar, fruits, copper, silver, gold or any other
materials isa popular vow taken by devotees. The devaswam will supply most of these materials. There is no
advance booking, but for materials such as flowers, etc., which may not be immediately available, the Devaswom
should be informed atleast a day in advance, the devotee should bring them. The weighing facilities are on both sides
of the entrance. for the non hindus, the thulabharam facility is available near the Kalyana Mandapam. The expenses
involved should be remitted after the offering and receipt obtained.There are three thulabhram counters are available
in temple and there is no advance booking for thulabharam offerings. The items will be available with devaswom or
contractor or devotees can perform with their own items.
Thulabharam Offering Rates
ITEM UNIT RATE
BUTTER KGS 150
ILANEER NOS 5
CHERUPAZHAM KGS 10
KADALIPAZHAM KGS 15
BANANA KGS 15
POOVANPAZHAM KGS 15
SUGAR KGS 20
SHARKARA KGS 20
VELLAM KGS 20
POORI PANCHASARA KGS 25
THEERTHKUDAM KGS 20
GINGELY KGS 40
KAYAR COIR KGS 10
AVIL KGS 15
CHENA KGS 8
ILAVAN NOS 6
MATHAN KGS 6
THULASI KGS 10
RICE KGS 15
DATES KGS 50
SALT KGS 4
UMI KGS 5
ULUVA KGS 30
OIL KGS 75
KALKANDAM KGS 25
MUSTARD KGS 25
KARIVEPPILA KGS 10
PEPPER KGS 150
COCONUT SHELL KGS 10
CHAKIRI KGS 5
CHAKIRINARU KGS 10
GEERAKAM KGS 120
THAVIDU KGS 5
NADAN CHANDANA MUTTI KGS 200
NALIKERAM POLICHATHU KGS 4
NALIKERAM POLIKATHATHU KGS 5
NEWS PAPER KGS 5
MANALCHAKKU KGS 20
MALAR KGS 20
MANJAL TURMERIC KGS 30
MADAL KGS 5
GHEE KGS 200
NOTE BOOK NEW KGS 30
KADALA OR PAYAR KGS 30
LOTUS FLOWER NOS 30
IRON KGS 10
KUNNIKURU KGS 20
PADDY KGS 10
MYSOOR SANDAL KGS 10000
CHERUKAYA KGS 10
NENTHRAKAYA KGS 15
SILVER KGS 15000
VELLARI KGS 8
COIN KGS 200
VAIKKOL KGS 5
JEERAKAM KGS 100
WHITE PAPER(NEW) KGS 30
VIRAKU(FIREWOOD) KGS 5
Marriages
“Thalikettu” (tying of the sacred mangalsutra by the groom around the bride's neck) is performed in
kalyanamandapam outside the temple wall directly opposite to Sri Guruvayurappan idol (eastern gate). For this a fee
has to be paid in advance to the Dewasom and token Number will be given with the receipt. This fee includes the fee
for the artistes who play the traditional instruments, like chenda and nadaswaram. During the marriage day, the
marriage party has to present at the kalyanamandapam. On calling token number bride, groom and their near
relatives have to enter the mandapam and “Thalikettu” function will be performed by temple priests. After the
exchange of garlands given from temple and the gift (pudava) to the bride, the mandapam has to be vacated for the
next couple.
Newly married couples are not allowed in Chuttambalam, soon after the marriage ceremony. Kerala government has
decided to open a special wedding registration counter at Sree Krishna temple in Guruvayur, where a large number
of marriages take place every day. Other functions of marriage can be done at marriage halls near by.
The striking advantage of Guruvayoor is that marriages can be held here on any day and at any time. Hindu
marriages are normally avoided in the Malayalam months of Midhunam, Karkatakam and Kanni. But, in Guruvayoor,
marriages take place even during these inauspicious months. But the marriage frenzy reaches its zenith during
Chingam (August-September), the most auspicious month of the year.
“Thalikettu” is performed even during the inauspicious rahukalam (a time usually avoided while performing holy or
worthwhile tasks).
At Guruvayoor, marriages can be held any time between 5 to 12.30 am and 4.30 to 8.30 pm. Preference, however, is
given to the morning session.
The Guruvayur temple does not have any arrangement for the registration of the marriages. All Marriages under the
"Hindu Marriage Act" conducted in Guruvayur must be registered within 15 days to Guruvayur Municipality. While
registering the marriage, two witnesses have to be accompanied with couple.
Special Offerings
UDAYASTHAMANA POOJA
Now no booking is available for Udayasthamana Pooja.
KRISHNANATTAM
There will be only one performance on a day. There is no performance on Tuesdays and during off season (between
June and September). Krishnanattam must be Booked in advance at the advance booking counter. Devotees who
book Krishnanattam can watch the performance inside the temple that particular day. Prasadam is not issued to
devotees who book krishnanattam. Devotees who wish to book ‘Swargaarohanam’ krishnanattam should book
‘Avatharam’ also.
Avatharam for a birth of a child
Kaliyamardhanam to remove the effect of poison
Rasakreeda For the well being of unmarried girls, to end disputes between couples
Kamsavaddham to remove enemies
Swayamvaram for a happy matrimony
Bana yuddham For the fulfillment of vows
Vividha vadham to eliminate poverty and increase yield from farms
Swargarohanam for salvation of a departed soul
How to Make an Offering
Any of the offerings given in the list of offerings can be booked and performed from official site filling up the form.
The payment should be done either by way of Money order, Demand Draft or Cheque drawn in favour of the
"Administrator, Guruvayur Devaswom, Guruvayur", and the details should be clearly furnished in the form. All
payments should be made to:
THE ADMINISTRATOR
GURUVAYUR DEVASWOM
GURUVAYUR - 680 101, KERALA.
TEL: 91-487-2556335,2556346(OFF)
2556660(PER)
FAX: 91-487-2554844.
Note: Check the site for updated details
Nadayiruthal- Offering an Elephant to the God
According to Hindu belief, all obstacles in one's life can be cleared by propitiating Lord Ganesha. The temple is thus
home to a large captive herd of elephants, thanks to generous offerings by grateful politicians, businessmen, film
stars and other devotees.
The Guruvayoor Devaswom Board has set up an Elephant Expert Committee which will physically examine
each animal offered. Only after the Committee issues a fitness certificate will the temple accept the gift.
New temple guidelines stipulate that any devotee wishing to donate an elephant should also pay Rs 400,000 towards
its upkeep. Instead of donating an elephant, a devotee can also make a 'symbolic offer' by paying Rs 500,000 to the
temple.
The latter provision, temple officials say, makes economic sense for the devotees because an elephant can cost
anything between Rs 600,000 and Rs 800,000.
"If a devotees offers an elephant to the temple, it could cost him more than Rs 10 lakhs (Rs 1 million) including the
maintenance charge of Rs 400,000 we now ask for," a temple official points out.
But the new rules have not deterred devotees. Temple officials reveal that eight applications to donate elephants are
pending with the temple administration.
Guruvayurappan Lockets
Guruvayur Devaswom now offers Gold and Silver lockets of Lord Guruvayurappan. The lockets are available in the
Superintendent’s office inside the temple.
Ticket Counter
Ticket Counters
There are three different types of ticket counters inside the temple.
Current Ticketing
The tickets issued through these counters are for conducting offerings on the same day. The list of offerings available
in this counter can be seen in the offering list.
Advance And Endowment Counter
Devotees can book offerings in advance through this counter. Some of the offerings from the offering list must be
booked in advance. Devotees can book Devotees can book offerings per month, per year or for a particular date etc
through this counter. Devaswom provides the facility to send Chandanam, Kalabham etc by post after conducting the
offerings. Devotees can also book endowment and nithyatha through this counter.
Thulabharam Counter
Guruvayur Devaswom now operates 3 thulabharam counters inside the temple. Advance booking is not required for
thulabharam offerings. The thulabharam items are available with devaswom or contractor or devotees can bring items
that are not available in the temple.
Devasom
Present Administrative Organisation
The Administrative office is functioning in the Sreepadmam building from 1997. In the present set-up there is no
yogam. The ancient families all except Mallisseri have become extinct. On 9th March 1971, the Government of Kerala
introduced an Act , known as the Guruvayur Devaswom Act, replacing the Trusteeship by a Managing Committee,
nominated by the Hindu Ministers in the State Cabinet.
The day-to-day administration is to be looked after by an Administrator appointed by the Government. The Managing
Committee include, the Zamorin Raja, the Mallisseri
Namboodiri and the Tantri of the temple among others.
Due to the High Court's directive that the Act should be revamped, the 1971 Act was replaced by 1978 Act. According
to 1978 Act, the Managing Committee consists of 9 members - The Zamorin Raja, Mallisseri Namboodiri, the Tantri, a
representative of the employees of the Devaswom and five more persons of whom one shall be a Scheduled Caste
member. The six non-traditional members are appointed by the Hindu ministers of Kerala Government of which one
will be the Chairman of the Managing Committee. The committee selects an Administrator from the panel of names
given by the Government. The Administrator should not be below the rank of Deputy collector. The Administrator acts
as the Secretary of the Managing Committee and the Chief Executive of the Devaswom.
Temple organisation
The word tantra had a special meaning as applied to the temples of Kerala. It is both a science and an art. It deals
with structural and functional aspects of the temples and images, the dedication and consecration of the idol. The
expert in tantra is called Tantri.
Tantri
Puzhakkara Chennas Namboodiri is the hereditary Tantri of Guruvayur. The Tantra Samuchaya according to which
temples rites and rituals are performed in most of the temples in Kerala was written by Chennas Narayanan
Namboodiri, born in 1427.
When Punnathur chief submitted to the Zamorin, Chennas also joined the Zamorins' party in the Koorumatsaram and
its senior most member became the Zamorins' spiritual adviser and supervisor of the temples in the empire. The
Tantri lives in the tantrimadam near the temple. He offers Utsava bali (offerings to the celestial attendants) on Utsava
days and takes part in all special worships during the Mandalam.
Othikkans
Derived from the Malayalam word 'oothuka'- to recite the Vedas. The othikkan is a person who chants as well as
teaches the Veda. From the ancient times, Guruvayur has been having four othikkans, known from their house
names, as Pazhayam, Munnoolam, Pottakuzhi and Kakkad .They assist the Melsanthi by performing the Pantheeradi
pooja (the worship when the sun's shadow measures 12 feet). The Othikkans officiate for the Tantri during the
utsavam and other festivals and also when the tantri is not available due to sickness or so.
Melsanthi
The Melsanthi (Chief Priest) is appointed for six months at a time. In Guruvayur, the Melsanthi has to observe strict
brahmacharya and has to live within the temple premises. He is now appointed by the Managing Committee. Before
taking the charge of the office, he has to undergo a fortnight's probation under the Tantri and Othikkans. The Tantri
imparts to him, the Dhyanasloka, the litany and deity worshipped forms and schools him in 'Moolamantra' or the
secret syllables associated with deity. The Othikkans instruct him in ancient practices of the temple.
Keezhsanthis
The Keezhsanthis are the subordinate temple priests. The Melsanthi is assisted by two Keezhsanthis. They prepare
everything for the daily worship and attend to the daily chores such as bringing water, making sandal paste, cooking
the nivedyam (offerings for the Lord). They also distribute the prasadam such as worshipped flowers, sandal paste
and the idol anointed oil.
He takes the Utsava vigraha on the elephant's back for seevelis. They perform the annual Chempakasseri and
Desavarma sradham on behalf of the Lord. They cannot however act for the Melsanthi, neither can the Keezhsanthis
touch the Moolavigraha ( the main idol). Since the return of the vigraha of the Lord, the duties of the Keezhsanthis
are being performed by fourteen Namboodiri illams of Karisseri (Puzhavy) by turn, two illams (houses) performing
the various services month by month.
Financial assets
Guruvayur temple had about 13000 acres of land until the Kerala Land Reforms Act came to force. Presently the
Devaswom has 230 acres of land including that purchased after the Act. The major income of Devaswom is from the
temple as Vazhipad by the devotees which amounts to about Rs.10.00 Core an year. Other sources of income are
the receipts from land and buildings, Guest houses, interest from investments and endowments, livestock, grants and
fees etc. There are about 900 permanent staff and many part-time and contract laborers working under the
Devaswom.
Festivals
Ekadasi festival ( Nov - Dec)
Ekadasi , the eleventh day of every lunar fortnight, is very auspicious to the Hindus. Of the 24 Ekadasis in an year,
the Vrishchika Ekadasi (Suklapaksha) has got special significance in Guruvayur. It falls in the Mandala season.
The Navami (9th day) and Dasami (10th day) are also very important. Ekadasi Vilakku starts a month before the
Ekadasi day as offerings by different persons, families and organisations. On Navami day, the Vilakku is lit with ghee
as an offering by Kolady family. The Dasami Vilakku which used to be an offering of Zamorin Raja, is now conducted
by Guruvayurappan Sankeerthana Trust. After the temple is open on this day for Nirmalya darshan ( 3.00AM ), it is
closed only at 9.00 am on Dwadasi Day (12th day), thus allowing continues darshan for devotees throughout Dasami
and Ekadasi Days. Until the temple entry for all Hindus in 1947, Avarnas (lower caste) were allowed to come up to
Thiyyarambalam on Dasami day (in between Manjulal and Eastern Gopuram). On Dwadasi day there is a custom of
offering a token amount called Dwadasi Panam in Koothambalam for the welfare of the family.
A highlight of the Ekadasi is the memorial honour for Gajarajan Kesavan . The Karanavar or head of the elephant
family places a wreath at the statue of Kesavan in front of Sreevalsam guest house and all the other elephants stand
around and pay obeisance. On Ekadasi day, the Udayasthamana Pooja (continuous pooja) is conducted by the
Devaswom itself . After the morning seeveli, on Ekadasi there is a grant elephant procession to the Parthasarathi
temple since it is regarded as Geethopadesam Day also. On Ekadasi after night pooja the famous Ekadasi Vilakku
with elephant procession takes place and provides a fitting finale to the festival.
Other religious festivals
MANDALA POOJA
Mandala pooja begins on the first day of the Malayalam month of Vrishchikam. This is a period of 41 days for the
pilgrimage to the shrine of Lord Ayyappa at Sabarimala. Most of the devotees who go to Sabarimala also visit
Guruvayur.
At Guruvayur, there will be special abhishekam with panchagavya (mixture of five products of cow - milk, curd, ghee,
urine and cow dung) on all days. Many devotees visit the shrine to partake of it, since it is believed to burn up all inner
impurities. Chakkiyar Koothu takes place after lunch. Krishnanattam may be performed after Athazha pooja .
Mandalam comes to end with Kalabhaattam (pouring mixture of sandal paste, saffron, camphor and rose water) on
the deity. This special offering is made only once in a year and it is the hereditary privilege of the Zamorin Rajas.
Besides, the three seevelis during mandalam will be conducted with three elephants and they take five rounds around
the temple. The famous Guruvayur Ekadasi festival, Melpathur statue installation day, Narayaneeyam day and
Kuchela day also occur during Mandalam, thus making it the busiest season at Guruvayur. During this season,
special arrangements are made for 'kettunira' and 'malayidal' in front of the Sastha shrine inside the temple.
SARASWATHY POOJA
Of the 9 days of the Navarathri festival, the last three days are specially sacred for goddess Saraswathy who
presides over the world of learning and fine arts. Children are initiated into learning on the last day known as
Vidyarambham day. The training in Krishnanattam, Kathakali, Kalaripayattu, (traditional martial art-form of Kerala)
etc. generally begins on this day.
THIRUVONAM
On the Uthradam day of the month of Chingam (August- September), thousands of devotees bring "Kazhcha kulas"
(bunches of Banana) as offering to the Lord. These bananas are given to all the elephants of Guruvayur Devaswom
on the same day or next day. On Thiruvonam day, free Onam feast with Pazhaprathaman is given to thousands of
devotees.
ASHTAMI ROHINI
Ashtami Rohini in Chingam (August-September) is the birthday of Lord Krishna. Appam and Palpayasam are
considered to be important offerings on this day. Special feast is arranged for the devotees.
PUTHARI
It means new rice. It is a formal beginning of the use of rice from the new harvest season for offering in the temple.
Puthari payasam is offered to Lord; it takes place in the month of Chingam.
VAISHAKHA
The Vaishakha is the lunar month starting from new moon of Medam (April-May). The Vaishakha vratham (fast) is
auspicious and sacred to Vishnu. The vratham can be followed in the routine of morning ablutions , feeding the poor,
keeping fast, taking prasadams from the offerings to the Lord and participating in the divine discourses. The third day
of this month - Akshaya-thrithiya - birth day of Balarama, is the most auspicious. Palpayasam is the main offering and
feast is also arranged during the entire Vaishakha month.
VISHU
The first day of Medam ( mid April) is the new year day for Malayalees. People believe that the fortunes for the next
year depend on the nature of the objects one sees in the morning of Vishu. For this purpose, Kani (an omen) with
articles like yellow flowers, rice, betel nuts, golden coins etc. is displayed in front of the deity. Thousands prefer to see
Kani at Guruvayur on Vishu morning. Crowds stay overnight inside the courtyard of temple, which is specially
permitted on this day. They close their eyes and set their eyes on the Kani and deity, as the doors are opened at 2.30
am for darshan.
KUCHELADINAM
The first Wednesday of the month of Dhanu (December) is celebrated as Kuchela Dinam. It is based on the belief
that it was on this day that Kuchela, an ardent devotee of Lord Krishna offered Avil (parched rice) to him and in return
attained eternal bliss and material property . Avil offering is considered auspicious on this day.
SAMKRAMAM
The Samkrama Sandhyas, a very auspicious occasion for worship of the Lord, is observed by the devotees on the
eve of each Malayalam month in the spirit of intense devotion and piety. Thousands of people stream in to the temple
for a darshan of the Lord at the time of Deeparadhana. Spiritual discourses and various cultural programmes befitting
Hindu faith are held at Melpathur Auditorium.
Other Cultural Festivals
CHEMBAI MUSIC FESTIVAL
It is actually a part of Ekadasi festival, which is conducted for 15 days and attracts more than 2000 Carnatic
musicians. This music festival is in commemoration of Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagawathar who was a doyen of
Carnatic music and an ardent devotee of the Lord Guruvayurappan. It is almost a replica of Saint Thyagaraja festival.
Earlier it was a three day festival but with the phenomenal rise in the number of participants, the period was extended
with artists of all types - young, old, novices, experts, vocalists and instrumentalists are allowed to participate. The
highlights of the Utsavam are group singing of saint Thyagaraja's Pancharatna Krithis on Dasami day by several
leading artists. All India Radio and Doordharsan telecast the last few days’ programmmes live.
NARAYANEEYAM DAY
The day on which Narayaneeyam was completed, 28th Vrichikam, is celebrated by the Devaswom as Narayaneeyam
day. Discourses and debates on Narayaneeyam written by Melpathur take place. Special functions are held at
Melpathur Illapparambu also.
POONTHANAM DAY
The Poonthanam day is celebrated on the Aswathi day of the month of Kumbham (February-March) in
commemoration of the Saint Poonthanam, a great devotee of the Lord, who enriched Malayalam devotional literature
with his renowned poetic composition 'Jnanapana', a philosophical work of all times. On this day, recital of
Poonthanam's works and debate takes place. A one week literary festival is conducted at Poonthanam illam.
Utsavam or annual festival
Guruvayur, the Utsavam lasts for ten days. Beginning on the day of Pushya (the 8th asterism) in the month of
Kumbham ( February-March), it ends after the Aarattu on the 10th day.
Religiously, it is the restoration of divine Chaithanya. Brahmakalasam is
preceded by the Utsavam. It is aimed at the purification and energisation of
the powers of the deity. It is the last of the long series of rituals of kalasam
and at the end, the flag will be hoisted heralding the Utsavam.
Culturally, it consists of various processions, illumination and modest fire-
works (this is a specialty of Guruvayur Utsavam that no explosives are used,
unlike most of the other Kerala temples). All ten days, the place wears a
festive look, streets dressed up with arches, festoons etc., houses freshly thatched and painted. Every shrine and
building is tastefully decorated with lights, plantain trunks, bunches of coconut and arecanuts. Two Gopurams and the
bahyankana (outer-courtyard) are elaborately decorated with illuminations and eye-catching electric displays. The
lamps, deepasthambams and vilakku are all lightened.
AUSPICIOUS DAYS AND OBSERVANCES
EKADASI
Ekadasi observance propitiates Gods and Goddesses including Vishnu. Ekadasi associated with dasami at sunrise is
called Bhooripaksham and Ekadasi associated with dwadasi is called Anandapaksham. They are also called
Pithrupaksha and Devapaksha respectively. Bhooripaksha or Pithrupaksha ekadasi is more suitable to perform
paternal rites and Anandapaksha or Devapaksha more suited for those who seek salvation.
Regulations of Ekadasi observance
• Rice should not be taken
• Only one meal at daytime on dasami day
• Total fast on Ekadasi day. Thulasitheertham can be taken
• Only one meal at daytime on dwadasi
• No supper on three consecutive days
• Must not sleep during daytime
HARIVASARAM
The last phase of Ekadasi (one fourth of thithi) consisting of 15 nazhikas and the first phase of dwadasi consisting of
15 nazhikas (total 30 nazhikas) is known as Harivasara. Though all Ekadasis have their own importance the
Vaikunda, Sayana, and Uthana Ekadasis and the Ekadasis of Guruvayur, Thiruvilwamala, Nelluvai, Thripayar and
Kadavallur temple are considered to have special significance.
DWADASI
Among dwadasis, Vaisakha and Sravana dwadasi are considered more important. All observances bring blessings,
but not observing Ekadasi may bring harm.
ARKAVRATHAM
Arkavratham is observed to please Aadithya (sun). Must get up before sunrise on Sunday and worship Aadithya,
silently chanting Gayathri manthram or Sooryasthuthi. Only one meal during daytime and no food after sunset. This
observance promotes dharma in whole humanity and gives deliverance from all evils.
SOMAVARAVRATHAM
Dhakshinamurthy turned ascetic when his wife Dhakshayani gave up her life. Parvathi was able to make
Dhakshinamurthy to take her as his wife by observing Somavaravratham (fasting on Monday). The widowhood of
princess Seemanthini came to an end by observing Somavaravratham. It is particularly pleasing to the Siva family:
Siva, Parvathi, Ganapathi and Skandamurthy. When Amavasi coincides with Monday it is known as Amosomavaram
and that day is particularly suitable for fasting.
Regulations
• Get up early in the morning • Take bath and put on white cloths • Smear ash on the forehead and put on rudraksha • Go to temple and pray Soman (Siva and Uma –half man and half woman) chanting hymns • Visit the temple again in the evening chanting prayers of Siva • Make offerings to Siva and the Brahmins • No food during daytime
SHASHTEE VRATHAM
Shashteevratham appeases Lord Subramanya. The legend says that Sreeskandhan after imprisoning Brahmavu
became conscious of the magnitude of his crime and turned himself into a horrible serpent and vanished. Lord Siva
advised Parvathi to observe Sukla shshteevratham to regain her son. Accordingly Parvathi observed Shashti for 108
days. During the observance she ate only once a day, slept on bare floor, woke up early morning and continued to
pray Subrahmanya.On the last day Vishnu and other Gods appeared before Parvathi. She had a vision of
Subramhanyan in the shape of a horrible serpent. When Mahavishnu touched the serpent it regained the form of
Subramanya. That is why we offer the idol of serpent when we worship Subramhanya. It is believed that
Subrahmanya appeared to Parvathi on the shashti in the month of Vaisakha at a place called Subrahmanayam.
There is another legend, which says that Shashteevratham was observed by the Gods when they lost sight of
Skandha in the middle of war. Shashti is also observed for deliverance from the disease of leprosy.
ASHTAMI VRATHAM
It is observed on Astami day in the Karutha Paksha. The day is observed just as Ekadasi.It was on the Ashtami day
in Krishna paksha that Vyaghra pada maharshi sighted Lord Siva in the sanctum sactorum of Vaikkom temple.
PRADOSHAM
Pradosham is sacred to Lord Siva. It marks the beginning of the dusk of Thrayodashi day. Not only human beings but
also Gods like Vishnu worship and perform dance to pray Pradosha rudra on the day. It is also the day Lord Siva
seats the Goddess on a pedestal and dances around to please her.
Regulations
• Put on white cloths after bath • Smear ash over the body and put on rudraksha • Pray at Siva temple • Fast during daytime • Pray at Siva temple in the evening chanting Panchakshara • Complete the observance by taking food
NAVARATHRI
Navarathri may fall in the month of Kanni or Thulam. It is observed for 9 days in Kerala after the vavu of Kanni.
Regulations
• Fasting begins with Amavasi • Only one meal on the first day • Goddess to be worshipped at a clean and decorated place inside the house o Poojas to be performed by
Brahmins
After Navarathri pooja girls between two and ten years of age must be worshipped as the representatives of the
Goddess as Kumari, Thrimurthi, Kalyani, Rohini, Kali, Chandika, Sambhavi, Durga and Subhadra. The Ashtami day
when Durga appeared to the Gods is called Durgashtami and the day Durgaman, the evil spirit was assassinated is
known as Vijayadasami. It was Lord Sreerama who first observed Navarathri. Devi bhagavatham says that he
observed Sivarathri at Kishkindha after Seetha was stolen. Some people conceive Bhuvaneswari as Saraswathi and
worship books for 9 days starting on Durgashtami and ending with Vijayadasami. Vijayadasami is the auspicious day
to initiate children to education. Goddess Saraswathi is known by different names in different aspects: Veena
Saraswathi, Dancing Saraswathi, Bharathi, Brahmi, Vageeswari and Gayathri.
SIVARATHRI
The Chadurdasi coming in between the amavasi of Makara and Kumbha is known as Mahasivarathri. The day
Chadurdasi touches the midnight is the beginning of Sivarathri. If it happens on two days the first day is taken as
Sivarathri. Navarathri associated with Thrayodasi is considered more auspicious. Legend says that when Palazhi was
churned a very dangerous poison Halahal came out and Lord Mahadeva consumed it. To prevent the poison from
entering the stomach all Gods kept awake, fasted and prayed throughout the night. The poison stayed at the throat of
Lord Siva and after that he came to be called as “Blue throat”, Neelakanda. Persons who do not observe any other
fast, if they observe Sivarathri will get the benefit of observing all other fasts.
Regulations
• Get up at Brahma muhurtham (4.30 a.m approximately) • After bathing put on rudraksha and smear ash on body • Must not take any food through out the day • Spend the whole day at Siva temple if possible • Chant prayers of Siva o At sunset take bath and make offerings to Siva • Must not sleep at night • Next morning pray at Siva temple, make offerings and give feast and presents to Brahmins • Put an end to fasting and take food
Sivarathri observance at Gokarnum in Karnataka, Thripangote in Vettathunadu, Kallekkulangara in Palakkad, Aluva
in Ernakulam and Vadakkumnatha in Thrissur are considered to be more important.
THIRUVATHIRA(ARDHA)
This observance appeases Umamaheshwara. Thoruvathira of the month of Dhanu is considered more auspicious.
Devotees observe Ardravratham, Ardradarasanam and Ardrajagaranam. If Thiruvathira falls on daytime, fast should
be observed. Rice should not be eaten. Married women will be blessed if they observe fast and pray to God chanting
hymns.
ASHTAMIROHINI
Lord Mahavishnu was incarnated as Sreekrishna on the day Ashtamy and Rohini conjoined in the month of Chingam.
People should keep awake till midnight observing fast. When the moon rises fast can be broken after worshipping
God. Rice should not be eaten for the whole day and Bhagavad-geetha had to be recited day and night.
DEEPAVALI
Deepavali is celebrated in memory of the assassination of Narakasura, who was a curse to humanity. It begins with
the Chathurdasi in the month of Thulam. It is known as Narakachadurdasi. In some places deepavali starts on the
day of Trayodasi.Early morning on Trayodasi all anoint their bodies with oil and take bath. Worship of Goddess
Lakshmi is more gainful during deepavali. Jains also observe deepavali as the death anniversary of Mahaveera. In
Bengal deepavali is considered suitable for rites to please forefathers. Sree Lakshmi and Mahakali are worshiped
during deepavali.
AKSHAYA THRITHEEYA
The thritheeya on the veluthapaksha of the month of Medam is celebrated as Akshaya thritheeya. Sukhlapaksha
dwadasi in the month of Vaisakha, Thritheeya and Pournami are believed to have more importance than other days.
Observing fast on these three days amounts to observing Vaisakha dharma on all other days.
ps, deepasthambams and vilakku are all lightened.
SPECIAL DAYS DATE
Edatharikathukavil Pilleru Thalappoli 05/01/2011
Makaravilakku 14/01/2011
Dwajaprathishta Dinam 17/01/2011
Republic Day 26/01/2011
Edatharikathukavil Devaswom Thalappoli 01/02/2011
Guruvayur Ulsavam Kalasarambam 08/02/2011
Thathwakalasam 14/02/2011
Sahasra Kalasam 15/02/2011
Ulsavarambam, Anayottam, Kodiyettam 16/02/2011
Ulsavam 8th day, Ulsavabali 23/02/2011
Ulsavam 9th day, Pallivetta 24/02/2011
Ulsavam 10th day, Arattu 25/02/2011
Mahasivarathri 02/03/2011
Poonthanam Day 09/03/2011
Vishusankramam 14/04/2011
Vishukani 15/04/2011
Vaisakha Arambam 04/05/2011
Akshayathritiya 06/05/2011
Thrissur Pooram 12/05/2011
Vaisakham last day 01/06/2011
Upadevanmar Kalasam 20/06/2011 to 26/06/2011
Karkidakavavu 30/07/2011
Independence day 15/08/2011
Sreekrishna Jayanthi/Ashtamirohini 21/08/2011
Uthradam Kazhchakula Veppu 08/09/2011
Thiruvonam 09/09/2011
Gandhi Jayanthi 02/10/2011
Auspicious Days
SPECIAL DAYS AND FUNCTIONS
POONTHANAM DAY
The Aswathi of Kumbha is celebrated as the Poonthanam day in honour of the great vernacular poet Poonthanam.
The day is celebrated with literary competitions and cultural programmes. Poonthanam Illam (house of Poonthanam)
is taken over and preserved by Guruvayur Devaswom and the day is celebrated both at the illam and at Guruvayur
temple.
MELPATHUR DAY AND MELPATHUR MEMORIAL
The abode of Merlpathur is situated near the Chandanakkavu Bhagavathi temple, three kms away from Thirunavaya
Vishnu temple in Malappuram district. A life size statue of Narayana Bhattathiripad, the writer of
Sreemannarayaneeyam was erected in the Mandapam built in this place owned by Guruvayur Devaswom.
Narayaneeyam day is celebrated in the memorial on the 8th of Vrischikam every year just as it is celebrated in
Guruvayur temple on 28th of Vrischikam. It is the day when the great poet Narayana Bhattathiripad dedicated his
magnum opus Sreemannarayaneeyam to Guruvayurappan in the year 762.The day is celebrated with competitions
for students and cultural programmes.
KRISHNAGEETHI DAY
Thulam 30th is celebrated as Krishnageethi day since the year 1160 (1984). It was on the 30th of Thulam that
Manavedan Namboothiripad dedicated his Sanskrit composition entitled Krishnageethi to Guruvayurappan. The
performing art Krishnanattom is based on this composition.
ASHTAMIROHINI
Ashtamirohini is the birth time of Sree Guruvayurappan. It is celebrated with great rejoicing and various cultural
programmes to commemorate the incarnation of Lord Krishna at Ashtamirohini in the month of Chingam. As part of
the Bhagavatha sapthaha yajna conducted by the devaswom, the story of the incarnation of the Lord is narrated on
this day. Palpayasam and ada are the special offerings of the day. All devotees who come to the temple on the day
get the opportunity to relish the birthday feast. Thousands of devotees attend the celebration every year.
The awards for outstanding performance in the temple arts of Koothu, Koodiyattom, Sopanasangeetham,
Krishnanattom, Padakam, Melam, Pancha vadyam, Nadaswarom, Sculpture, Murals and the art of making elephant
paraphernalia are distributed on the day. The award consists of a citation and Rs.10001. An expert committee selects
the winners.
EKADASI
Ekadasi is one of the greatest annual celebrations of Guruvayur temple. Ekadasi falling in the Veluthapaksham in the
month of Vrischikam is celebrated as the historical Guruvayur Ekadasi. Lamp lighting in connection with the
celebration starts a month before. Illumination using oil lamps on Ashtami, Navami, Dasami and Ekadasi attracts a lot
of people to the temple. Special feast is supplied to devtees coming to the temple on Ekadasi, Dwadasi and
Thrayodasi. Thousands reach the temple to participate in the celebration from different parts of the country.
COMMEMORATION OF KESAVAN
The memory of the great elephant of GD called Kesavan is sacred to all devotees of Guruvayurappan. Kesavan
expired on 2nd December 1976, which was the day of Ekadasi. In memory of the departed Kesavan, a procession of
all elephants of the temple is taken out from the Thiruvenkitachalapathi temple to the statue of Kesavan in front of the
Sreevalsam Guest House. After garlanding the statue, the elephants are fed in the temple.
AKSHARASLOKAM COMPETITION
As part of Ekadasi celebration an Aksharaslokam competition is held every year. Experts from all parts of Kerala
participate in the competition and first, second and third place winners are presented with gold medallions.
GEETHA DAY
Ekadasi is also celebrated the day of Geetha. Recital of Geetha and discourses on Geetha start at Koothambalam
from 7 a.m onwards.
CHEMBAI MUSIC FESTIVAL
The music festival is yet another attraction of Ekadasi. The day is celebrated in memory of the great Carnatic music
maestro and staunch devotee of Guruvayurappan Sri. Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar. The festival begins 15
days before Ekadasi and ends with a grand finale in the Ekadasi night at the Melpathur auditorium. Approximately
3000 musicians and students take part in the festival. The All India Radio and Doordarshan directly telecast the
programme on the last five days.
BHAGAVATHA SAPTHAHAM
The first Bhagavatha sapthaham was started at the temple Oottupura in 1159. Since then it is conducted regularly
every year. It begins seven days before Ashtami rohini. During Vaisakha up to four Sapthahas are conducted
consecutively.
SREEMANNARAYANEEYAM SAPTHAHAM
As part of Narayaneeyam celebration Narayaneeya Sapthaham is conducted. It begins a week before the
Narayaneeyam day and ends on the eve of Narayaneeyam day at the Temple Spiritual Hall. On Narayaneeyam day
fomous scholars perform a complete recital of Narayaneeyam.
(KAZHCHAKKULA )OFFERING PLANTAIN
It is believed that plantain fruit is a favourite food of Guruvayurappan. The most suitable time to offer plantain is
Uthradam, the eve of Onam. Plantains are placed on the pedestal of the golden flag post in front of the temple
immediately after Seeveli. The main poojari of the temple makes the first offering, followed by office bearers and then
devotees. Excess plantain is sold by public auction.
RELIGIOUS DISCOURSES ON MANDALA, VAISAKHA AND KARKKIDAKA
Religious discourses by well-known spiritual leaders are held at Melpathur Auditorium during Mandala, Vaisakha and
Karkkidaka. This is in addition to the regular discourses during festival season. Great spiritual leaders speak on
spiritual subjects.
SAMKRAMA SANDHYA
On the last day of every month (Sankramam) after evening poojas religious discourses and cultural programmes are
held at Melpathur auditorium.
Education
INSTITUTE OF MURAL PAINTING
The Guruvayur Devaswom’s Institute of Mural Painting was established in the the year 1989. National Diploma is
awarded to students on successful completion of training for 5 years. Students are given stipend. At present the
center is functioning in the Sathram Canteen Block. It was a fire mishap in the Guruvayur Temple Complex in the
year 1970 that actually paved the way for the setting up of this institution. The fire damaged the Sreekovil ( Sanctum
Sanctorum) and the paintings on the three walls were also destroyed in the incident. When the walls were to be
decorated again with paintings as a part of the renovation, the authorities found that artists who could do such work
were few. However those artists who were deputed to do the work like veteran Mural Painters Mammiyur
Krishnankutty Nair, Pattambi Krishna Varier, M.K.Sreenivasan and K.K. Varier completed the job satisfactorily. The
authorities, art lovers and artists got together to think of ways of preserving the mural paintings. The result was the
establishment of the Institute of Mural Painting by the Guruvayur Devaswom.
The Institute of Mural Painting at East Nada of Guruvayur temple gives coaching in mural painting in the traditional
Gurukula Pattern. The five year National Diploma Course offers training in Fine Arts for the first two years as a
preparatory course after which the students are given three years specialized coaching in traditional Kerala Mural
Painting. The qualified candidates are selected after an aptitude test and interview. The selected students are given
scholarships and also have free hostel and mess faculties. The admission to each batch is restricted to ten students.
Along with studio and practical work, the prescribed syllabus includes Art history( Indian and Western) Aesthetics,
Sanskrit and silpa Texts. Dhyanasloka classes are also conducted. Teaching aids include slide films and visual
props. Periodical exhibition of paintings, camps, workshops , seminars, discussions, study tours etc also form the part
of the curriculum. The Institute has a good library. The late Sri. Mammiyur Krishnankutty Nair, a well known Mural
Artist, was the first principal of the Institute. After his death, Sri.M.K.Sreenivasan succeeded him. Now,
Sri.K.U.Krishnakumar is the Principal and Chief Instructor of the Institute.
The course has been intended to revitalize the invaluable tradition of Mural Art. A collection of these exquisitely
painted panels adorns the walls of the institute. The artists of this Institute have been participating and working at
national level exhibition and camps.
The authorities also accept commissioned work keeping the rules and regulations of guruvayur devaswom. The
Institute played an active role in repainting many Murals as a part of ongoing renovation and restoration work.
ADDRESS:
Guruvayur Devaswom
Institute of Mural
Painting ( Chumar Chithra Padana Kendram)
East Nada
Guruvayur- 680101
Ph: 0487 2556538
extn: 515
SREE KRISHNA COLLEGE, ARIKANNIYUR.
The College started functioning from 18th July 1964 under the management of newly constituted Sree Krishna
Educational Society. This long awaited dream of the public of Guruvayur came true with the whole hearted support of
the Zamorin Raja of Calicut, the then Managing trustee of Guruvayur Devaswom.
The required fund was raised from Devaswom. 1st, 2ndand 3rd group Pre Degree classes affiliated to the Kerala
University were started with Prof. M. Balakrishnan Nair as the Principal.The College was shifted from the temporary
shed near Sree Krishna High School to a spacious and well equipped building cum campus at Arikanniyur in the year
1967.
Hostel and other infrastructural facilities were added from time to time and Degree courses were added in 1969. The
institution has grown from strength to strength every year and it is now a full fledged first grade College affiliated to
the University of Calicut offering Degree and Post Graduation courses in various disciplines. The present principal is
Raveendra Nath.
The Degree Courses offered are BA, BSc, Bcom with Sanskrit as optional Part II Language. Post Graduate Courses
include MSc (Botany and Physics), Mcom (Foreign trade Management). More details can be had
fromwww.sreekrishnacollege.org
OTHER INSTITUTIONS
The Devaswom is running an English Medium school (CBSE), apart from the Sree Krishna High school and Sree
Krishna Higher secondary school, all of which maintain high standards of education.
The Vadya vidyalayam gives training on traditional musical instruments such as chenda, kombu, kuzhal, edakka,
maddalam etc. Veda Patasala functioning under Devaswom imparts training in the Vedas and Puranas.
SCHOOL OF TEMPLE MUSIC INSTRUMENTS
The school imparts training in music instruments like Chenda, Thakil, Maddalam, Thimila, Kombu, Kurumkuzhal,
Nadaswaram and Ashtapathi.Duration of the course is three years. Students are provided with the facility of formal
education in Standard 8,9 and10. They are also given stipend and accommodation. The method of training is
“Gurukula”(directly trained under a mentor)
PUBLICATIONS
Devaswom has been in to publication for more than last 50 years and a separate publication division has started
functioning since 1980.
BHAKTHAPRIYA
"Bhakthapriya" is the official monthly publication of Guruvayur Devaswom in Malayalam started in 1986. This
magazine since its beginning is catering to the spiritual needs of thousands of devotees of Lord Guruvayurappan.This
is also a medium for communication of Devaswom matters to the public. Erudite scholars regularly contribute articles
to this publication. Each issue of Bhakthapriya carries thought provoking articles on the Vedas, Ithihasas, Puranas,
Darsanas and such literature, description of Lord Guruvayurappan's blessings narrated by the devotees from their
own experiences and beautiful poems which touch the heart of the readers. Bhakthapriya has gained fame and
popularity in India and abroad in a very short span of time.
Click here to see the other books published by Devaswom
Book Details and Subscription Information
Size
1/4 th Demmy
Pages
100
Periodicity
Monthly
Price per copy
Rs. 10.00
Annual Subscription
Rs. 100.00
Long Term (16 Yrs)
Rs. 1000.00
OTHER RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL BOOKS
The Devaswom publication division since its beginning has published a gamut of books ranging from the great Indian
epics like Bhagavatham and classics like Narayaneeyam to contemporary literary works such as Thirumudimala (a
collection of poems by Mahakavi P. Kunjhiraman Nair). Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri's "Prakriyasarvaswam"
published by Devaswom, ranks the best among the Sanskrit Grammar books available today. The publication division
runs two book stalls - one in the Vyjayanthi buildings in the East Nada and one inside the temple. The publication
division now has an annual sales turnover of about 20 Lakhs.
Title of Publications Language Price
Sreemad Bhagavatham (8 volumes) Malayalam 1250.00
Sreemad Bhagavatham (Moolam) Malayalam 250.00
Sreemad Narayaneeyam (Vanamala) Malayalam 120.00
Sreemad Bhagavatham (Dasama Skandham) Malayalam 60.00
Krishnanattam (Krishna Geethi) Malayalam 100.00
Poonthana Sarvaswam Malayalam 50.00
Narayaneeyam Hindi 100.00
Narayaneeyam Sanskrit 18.50
Udhavopadesam Malayalam 30.00
Melpathurinte Vyakarana Prathibha Malayalam 15.00
PancharatnaKrithikal Malayalam 12.00
Kshethraradhana Malayalam 7.00
Ekadasaswadanam Malayalam 7.00
Sreekrishna Charitham Manipravalam Malayalam 3.50
Vishnu Sahasranama Stothram Malayalam 0.50
Jnanapana Malayalam 0.50
Harinama Keerthanam Malayalam 0.50
Guruvayur Kshethram oru Parswadarsanam Malayalam 2.00
Sreeman Narayaneeyam Bhashaganavivarthanam
50.00
Sreekrishnakathamrutham
350.00
Prakriya Sarvaswam Sanskrit 200.00
Melpathurinte Bhavasilpangalilekku oru ethinottam Malayalam 20.00
Sreemad Bhagavath Geetha Karmayogam Malayalam 100.00
Sreemad Bhagavath Geetha Vakyarthabodhini
15.00
Thirumudimala Malayalam 50.00
Chembai Sangeethavum Jeevithavum Malayalam 25.00
Bharathasthree Malayalam 300.00
Leelakalpadhrumam Malayalam 40.00
Guruvayupureshamahathmiam Malayalam 35.00
Shyamasundharan Malayalam 30.00
Geethopadhesham Malayalam 30.00
Guruvayur Bhulokavaikundam Malayalam Hindi, English, Tamil 10.00
Sreekrishnasandhyanamam Malayalam 2.50
Lalithasahasranamasthothram Malayalam 1.50
KRISHNANATTAM
According to a legend, Zamorin Manavedan requested Vilwamangalam Swamiyar to enable him to see Krishna in
person. Swamiyar facilitated this request and Manavedan was able to see Krishna playing under an elanji tree. When
Manavedan tried to embrace SreeKrishna, the lord disappeared leaving behind a peacock feather in Manaveda's
hand. An idol of Krishna was made using the wood of the elanji tree. (The elanji tree stood at the place where now,
the Kuttambalam stands, on the south-east side of the sanctum sanctorum of the Guruvayur Temple). Manaveda
requested Vilwamangalam Swamiyar to enable him to see Krishna in person. Swamiyar facilitated this request and
Manaveda was able to see Krishna playing under an elanji tree. When Manavedan tried to embrace Krishna, the lord
disappeared leaving behind a peacock feather in Manaveda's hand. An idol of Krishna was made using the wood of
the elanji tree. (The elanji tree stood at the place where now, the Kuttambalam stands, on the south-east side of the
sanctum sanctorum of the Guruvayur Temple).
After his darshan of the Lord Sri Guruvayurappan (Sreekrishna), Manadevan composed his classic
"KRISHANAGITHI " in eight chapters, in the style of Jayadeva's (12th century Bengali poet ) GEETHAGOVINDAM.
The peacock feather was incorporated in the headgear of Krishna. The headgear was found to suit the heads of all
actors performing as Krishna. The actor also used to get 'possessed' on wearing this headgear. It is said that this
headgear perished during the attack of the Kodungallur fort by the Dutch. Another version is that the headgear
perished in the fire which engulfed the Zamorin Palace in 1766.
In 1766, the Zamorin, attacked by Haider Ali, burned himself and the fort palace at Calicut. It is said that all wooden
ornaments, crowns and masks used for Krishnanattam were destroyed in the fire. The Krishnanattam (a mosaic of
folk and classic arts), a dance drama, has evolved from this Krishnagiti over 300 years ago. This work deals with the
Krishna avatar - from Krishna's birth to his final emancipation from worldly life and ascension to heaven. It is
presented in 8 episodes namely 'Avatharam', 'Kaliyamardhanam', 'Rasakreeda', 'Kamsavaddham'. 'Swayamvaram',
'Banayuddham', 'Vividha vadham', and "Swargarohana". These episodes are presented on eight consecutive nights.
Since the last story is considered inauspicious, the "Avathara " always follows "Swargarohana" and it will be enacted
on the ninth day.
To improve the art further and make it more spectator oriented, Koodiyattam, the oldest Sanskrit drama in Kerala was
adopted to render the poem with 'Abhinayam' (drama gestures), and thus Krishnanattam evolved. It also used
makeup and costumes of "Koodiyattam".
The Krishnanattam is the only classical dance form in Kerala which makes
use of colorful masks for evil characters. The mask usage is derived from
folk rituals such as 'Thirayattam' and 'Theyyam' which is found in North
Kerala. In Krishnanattam the actor does not narrate but gives attention to
abhinayam (bodily gestures and expressions) and angya (hand gestures).
Another artist does singing and thus there is a blend of sounds and sight.
Kathakali which is now internationally known owes much to Koodiyattam
and Krishnanattam. Kathakali adopted body movements and hand gestures
from Koodiyattam. It borrowed the make up and costumes from
Krishnanattam. The practice of having separate singers during play was also adopted from Krishnanattam instead.
The Edakka, a soft and small drum, capable of deep resonance is used in Krishnanattam where as Chenda (Drum),
which is a leading instrument in Kathakali. Suddha Maddhalam and cymbals, Gong, and Shankh (conch) and
Thoppimaddalam are also used in Krishnanattam.
Oral traditions say that only Namboodiri Brahmins, Iyer Brahmin, Ambalavasi (temple resident) or
Nairs can be dancers in Krishnanattam. The songs are set to Carnatic music but they are rendered
in the Sopana style. Moods in a song determine the mode of the melody, what the singers sing is
communicated by the actors. Kerala's martial art , Kalaripayattu , has also definitely influenced
Krishnanattam especially in the scenes of arguments and fights.
Krishnanattam is a performing art that combines both piety and art. It is based on a Sanskrit work
named “Krishnagiti” written by the Manavedan Raja, a Zamorin king of Kozhikode (Calicut) 350 years ago. The work
includes 8 phases of the life of Lord Krishna starting with the incarnation (Avatharam) and ending with the Ascension
to Heaven (Swargarohanam). The salient feature of the ‘Krishnanattam’ is the rhythmic and beautiful dance. The
musical instruments used in Krishnanattam are Chengila, Ilathalam (Cimbal), Sankhu (Conch), Sudhamadhalam and
Thoppimadhalam.
After Guruvayur Devaswom has taken over the art form Krishnanattam in 1958, the singers have started to use two
more musical instruments namely ‘Sruthipetti’ and ‘Idakka’ besides the traditional ones.
In Guruvayur temple the month of June is the vacation for Krishnanattam. July and August are months for rehearsal.
Tuesday is weekly holiday. On all other days , ‘Krishnanattam’ is performed in the temple on demand of devotees.
This traditional performing art of Kerala is getting popular and performed not only in other parts of Kerala, but also in
many other countries of the world.
If the performance is made in the temple as part of worship, the devotees have to pay the fixed fee and for
performance outside the temple, the devotees may pay the fixed charge for the performance.
History of Krishnattam
Under the rule of Zamorin, Calicut became a strong political entity in the 14th century. Prince Manaveda's famous
ancestor, King Manavikrama ruled as Zamorin in the 15th century (1466 to 1471). The famous patinettara kavikal
(eighteen and half poets) belonged to his royal court. Punam Namboodiri who wrote in Malayalam was the arakkavi
(half poet)! Famous among the eighteen are Uddanda Sastrikal, Kakkasseri Damodara Bhattathiri (author of
Vasumathi Manavikramam), Chennas Narayanan Namboodiri (author of Tantra Samucchayam) and the two Payyur
Bhattathiris.
Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut in 1498. Beginning of 15th century, Zamorin became the leading force against
Portuguese expansion in Kerala. Udayamperur Sunnahadoss in 1599. Dutch East India Company signed an
agreement with Zamorin on 11th November 1604. Kunankurisu revolt in 1653. Manaveda completed Krishnagiti in
1654. Dutch captured Kollam in 1658 and Kochi in 1663.
Legends
According to the advice of Vilwamangalam, Manaveda composed Krishnagiti sitting before the idol.
(Dr. Sikora states that a Bronze image of Krishna is available at the Zamorin Temple of Tali, Kozhikode. The crown,
ear ornaments and decorations such as the circular and floral patterns on the breast plate and hurdle of this image
resembles those worn by Krishna in contemporary Krishnanattam. However, Dr. Sikora notes two major differences:
(1) Absence of the figure's costume of skirt, side panels and long shawl with mirrors at each end. Instead of these,
the figure's costume is a simple dhoti. (2) Absence of chutti on the figure's face).
There is a story about the troupe performing Krishnanattam at Tripunithura. The King of Cochin ordered the troupe to
play Kamsavadham. An elephant was brought to the stage to enact the role of Kuvalayapeedam. The actor
performing as Krishna killed the elephant and went after the King. The King managed to escape somehow. It is said
that after this incident, Krishnanattam was never performed South of Guruvayur.
Dr. Sikora divides Krishnanattam history into four eras: The time of Zamorins, The time of Transition, The time at
Guruvayur Temple under the Management of A.C.G. Raja and recent times.
Dr. Sikora notes that evidence is available for the existence of Krishnanattam in some form at least by 1694 and it
included dance by 1780. No details are available on the creators of this art, no audiovisual concept of its first
production and no details of how the art developed.
Under the Management of A.C.G. Raja, the troupe, for the first time performed outside Kerala and abroad (Europe
and U.S.A.).
During the third era, many changes took place in various aspects of Krishnanattam. These are documented in the
book by Sikora.
A documentary film was made on Krishnanattam by Adoor Gopalakrishnan. Mankada Ravi Varma was the
cinematographer.
P.C.C. Elayath took charge as the Superintendent of Kalanilayam in 1983. He introduced a microphone for the
singers.
An excellent portrayal of Krishnanattam then and now is provided by retired Krishnanattam Asan, K. Velayudhan
Nair.
ELEPHANT SANCTUARY AT PUNNATHUR KOTTA
The Devaswom maintains a unique elephant sanctuary, the only one of its kind in the World. It has 51 elephants now.
These jumbos are the offerings of the devotees to the Lord. A large number of
pilgrims and tourists (foreigners also) visit this fascinating spot every day. In this vast compound, there are road
facilities for pilgrims and tourists to go around.
The present elephant sanctuary is in Punnathur Kotta about 3 kms north of Guruvayur temple. Punnathur
Kotta is the ancient palace of the Punnathur Rajas, now in the possession of
the Devaswom. There is also an ancient temple where Lord Siva and Bhagavathy are worshipped.
It is a 10 acre compound which Devaswom purchased in 1975, which was under receiver rule of Trichur sub court.
Till that time elephants were kept in this Kovilakam compound (present Sreevalsam) to the south of the temple.
All the elephants were shifted to the Punnathur Kotta in a grant procession lead by Gajarajan Kesavan, all the
elephants from the Kovilakam marched to Punnathur Kotta on 1975 June 25.
Gajarajan Guruvayur Kesavan
Many elephants of Guruvayur have become the part of history. The sweet memories of Gajarajan Kesavan - literally
the king of all Elephants- still enthrall the hearts of the elephant lovers worldwide. The mammoth physique, his
intelligence and devotion to the Lord were very famous.
Punnathurkotta was once the palace of a local ruler, but the palace grounds are now used to house the elephants
belonging to the Guruvayur temple, and has been renamed Anakkotta
(meaning "Elephant Fort"). There were 86 elephants housed there. This facility is also used to train the elephants to
serve Lord Krishna as well as participate in many festivals that occur throughout the year. The oldest elephant is
around 82 years of age and is called 'Ramachandran'. The rituals of Gajapooja
(Worshipping Elephants) and Anayoottu (Feeding Elephants) are observed here, as an offering to Lord Ganesha. The
legendary elephant "Guruvayur Kesavan" was housed here. The compound also has a naalu kettu, a traditional
rectangular home with a central courtyard, which belonged to the Punnathur Raja. It is poorly maintained and
presently houses a training school for Papan’s (Mahout). This complex also
contains a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and Bhagavathy.
The visiting hours are 8.00 AM to 6.00 PM. The entry fees are Rs. 5/- per adult & Rs. 1/- for Children. An extra Rs.
25/- is charged for to use a camera and Rs. 1000/- inside the complex.
Gajarajan Guruvayoor Kesavan (October 24, 1904 - December 2, 1976) is
perhaps the most famous and celebrated Elephant of Kerala, South India. Kesavan was donated to the Guruvayoor
Hindu temple by the royal family of Nilambur in 1916. It is a common Hindu custom in Kerala to donate elephants to
the deity of the temple as an offering, Guruvayur temple have a very good facilities to maintain all of these elephants
now totaling 60 in number at Punnathurkotta.
Standing over 3.2 meters tall, Kesavan was known for his devout behavior. Kesavan died on "Guruvayur Ekadasi,"
considered a very auspicious day. He fasted for the entire day and dropped down facing the direction of the temple
with his trunk raised as a mark of prostration. The anniversary of his death is still celebrated in Guruvayur. Many
elephants line up before the statue and the chief elephant garlands it. Kesavan was conferred the unique title
"Gajarajan" (Elephant King), by the Guruvayoor Devaswom.
The Guruvayoor Devaswom erected a life-size statue of Kesavan in its precincts as tribute to the services he
rendered to the presiding deity of the temple. His tusks, along with a majestic portrait of the elephant, can be still
seen adorning the entrance to the main temple enclosure. His life is the subject of a Malayalam feature film which
bears his name.
Famous elephants of Sree Guruvayurappan
Padmanabhan | Kesavan | Lakshmi
GOKULAM AND VRINDAVANAM ESTATE AT KAVEEDU
Vrindavanam Estate is a 100-acre estate at Vengad in Malapuram District, about 55 Kilometers from Guruvayur
under the possession of Devaswom This is known as Vrindavanam Estate. The estate
has cultivation of coconuts, cashew trees etc. along with palm and other vegetation, which provides not only cash
crops but also feed for the temple elephants and cattle.
GOKULAM GOSALA
The cattle offered to Guruvayurappan by his devotees are reared in Gokulam gosala (cattle shed) sprawling in 25
acres inside the Vrindavanam estate. The cowsheds provide rest and the ponds supply clean water to the cattle kept
in the gosala. At present there are about 550 cows in the estate
ALLIED INSTITUTIONS
BOOK STALLS
Bookstalls are situated in Room.No.1, Vaijayanthi Building and in the Western Pathayapura building. In addition to
Devaswom publications spiritual and religious books are available in the bookstalls. Working hours: From 5 am to 9
pm
RELIGIOUS BOOKS LIBRARY
The Religious Books Library is in the Eastern Block of the Sathram. Books in Sanskrit, Malayalam, English, Hindi,
Tamil etc are available here. Rare manuscripts inscribed in palm leaf and books for clarifying doubts are specialties of
the library. It is being utilized by researchers and scholars. The reading room attached to the library supplies dailies,
weeklies and monthlies in various languages.
SCHOOL OF TEMPLE MUSIC INSTRUMENTS
The school imparts training in music instruments like Chenda, Thakil, Maddalam, Thimila, Kombu, Kurumkuzhal,
Nadaswaram and Ashtapathi.Duration of the course is three years. Students are provided with the facility of formal
education in Standard 8,9 and10. They are also given stipend and accommodation. The method of training is
“Gurukula”(directly trained under a mentor)
MURAL STUDY CENTRE
Gurukula education in mural study has been functional since 1989. National Diploma is awarded to students on
successful completion of training for 5 years. Students are given stipend. At present the center is functioning in the
Sathram Canteen Block.
GURUVAYUR DEVASWOM MUSEUM.
The Devaswom Museum is in the Devaswom Office Annex below the Public Relations Office. The public can enjoy
the sight of rare articles offered to Guruvayurappan by devotees. No entry fee. Working hours: 8 am to 8 pm.
MEDICAL CENTRE.
The medical center was opened in 1963 as a free dispensary. The service of expert doctors has been made available
since1989. Approximately 250 patients avail free medical service every day. Besides free medical care free food is
also provided to the inmates of Municipality Orphanage, Kasthurba Balika Sadanam, destitute and other patients.
E.E.G, E.C.G and operation theatre facilities are available. Ambulance service is provided round the clock at
subsidized rate. Besides the Pediatrics, E.N.T, Dermatology and Orthopedic sections, free service is rendered by
Neurologist, Physician, Gastroenterologist, Ophthalmologist and Audiologist. Costly medicines offered to
Guruvayurappan by companies and individuals are supplied free of cost from the Pharmacy. Devotees willing to
contribute to the medical center may contact the Superintendent. (Phone.2556620)
MELPATHUR SMARAKA AYURVEDIC HOSPITAL
The Melpathur Memorial Ayurvedic Hospital was opened in 2000. The service of expert physicians is available here.
Pharmaceuticals and individuals offer medicines to the temple and the medicines are supplied free of cost to the
patients. A large number of patients are given free treatment at the hospital.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The Guruvayur Devaswom runs Sree Krishna College, Sree Krishna Higher Secondary School and an English
Medium School.
AMBADI HOUSING COMPLEX
It is a building complex of four residential flats near the Thaluk hospital and Thaluk office in Alathur village of
Palakkad district.
POONTHANAM TEMPLE AND POONTHANAM ILLAM
The Poonthanam Temple and Illam (residential house) are situated on Perinthalmanna – Nilambur route, 68 kms
away from the Guruvayur Temple, in Malappuram district. The prime deity of the temple is Mahavishnu. Ashtamirohini
and Vidyarambham are considered very auspicious in the temple. Poonthanam day is celebrated in a grand manner
in this place on the Aswathi of Kumbha.
KEY FACILITIES
ACCOMMODATION
The Devaswom provides several amenities for the comfortable stay of pilgrims. The devotees can reserve the rooms
in advance. For this, full room rent and reservation charges should be sent to The Administrator, Guruvayur
Devaswom, Guruvayur - 680101. by Demand Draft or Money Order well in advance. Full information about the
reservation should be given along with the Demand Draft or Money Order.
SATHRAM
The Devaswom Sathram located a little away from the Eastern Gopuram has 82 rooms with attached bath and 27
rooms with common bath. There are four blocks in the Sathram, namely South Block, East Block, TC Block and
Canteen Block.
KOUSTHUBHAM REST HOUSE (PHONE NO: 0487 2556537,
FAX: 04872554844)
The Kousthubhamn rest house is situated adjacent to the sathram building.
Sl.No Rooms No. of Persons Rate
1 2 Bed Non
A/c
Adults 2 +
Children's 2 200
2 4 Bed Non
A/c
Adults 4 +
Children's 2 400
3 6 Bed Non
A/c
Adults 6 +
Children's 2 600
4 2 Bed A/c Adults 2 +
Children's 2 635
5 Dormitory
Hall 50 Persons
2000 ( 6 pm to 6 am )
Extra Hours 750/Hour
Reservation Charge: `20/-
Reservation Charge of Dormitory Hall: `100/-
*Extra Room (A/C Room `.50/- and Non A/C room `.30/-)
PANCHAJANYAM REST HOUSE (PHONE NO: 0487 2556535,
FAX: 04872554844)
The Panchajanyam rest house is situated a bit away to the south side of the east
gopuram.
The rates are as follow
Sl.No. Rooms No. of Persons Rate
1 5 Bed A/c Adults 5 +
Children's 2
1000 + Tax-Caution
Deposit 500
2 3 Bed A/c Adults 3 +
Children's 2
750 + Tax-Caution
Deposit 500
3 5 Bed Non
A/c
Adults 5 +
Children's 2
500 - Caution Deposit
300
4 3 Bed Non
A/c
Adults 3 +
Children's 2
350 - Caution Deposit
300
• Extra Persons (A/c Room Rs. 50/- and Non A/c Rooms Rs.30/-) (No Reservation for A/C Rooms)
SREEVALSAM GUEST HOUSE (PHONE NO: 0487 2556539)
This guest house is located very near the south side of the temple's east
gopuram. There are six air conditioned 2 bedded suits available here. There is a
big lobby in front of the guest house.
Suite No Rent Service Charges for 2 Hours
1,2,3,4 1400 + Tax 300
5 1000 + Tax 200
6 800 + Tax 150
* Extra Persons ( A/c Room Rs. 50/- and Non A/c Rooms Rs.30/-
** No booking facility available for Sreevalsam guest house
ONLINE CANCELLATION SLAB
1 0 to 7 Days Cancellation not allowed
2 Above 7 days 10% of the Total Amount + Service
Charges will be deducted
LIBRARY & READING ROOM
Devaswom has a well-equipped religious library with a wide range of books on religion, philosophy, art and culture.
There are hundreds of rare palm-leaf manuscripts in the reference section. A wide variety of journals and most of the
leading newspapers are available in the reading room attached to the library. The library is functioning in the eastern
block of Sathram building. It functions on all days except Sundays from 8.00am to 8.00pm.
LOCATION OF LIBRARY
New Block was formed in 1975. Sri. Puthur Unnikrishnan was the first librarian. Not only religious books, but wide
range of books on Science, Biography, Culture, Literature, Philosophy, Art, History, Geography and Fiction both in
English and Malayalam Literature also available. There is a wide collection of Poetry in Malayalam and Children’s
Literature. Books in Sanskrit and Hindi are also available.
READING ROOM AND ISSUE AND RETURN OF BOOKS TO LIBRARY MEMBERS
13 leading newspapers both in English and Malayalam are available in reading room. Besides these, 35 leading
weeklies and monthly publications are also available. Both outsiders and Devaswom staff members have
membership in the library. Collection of books comes up to 20000. Many college and school going students use the
reference section for their project preparation.
Now library is planning to have automation facility. Going to start CAS and SDI services so as to raise the library to
an Information Center.
RELIGIOUS BOOKS LIBRARY
The Religious Books Library is in the Eastern Block of the Sathram. Books in Sanskrit, Malayalam, English, Hindi,
Tamil etc are available here. Rare manuscripts inscribed in palm leaf and books for clarifying doubts are specialties of
the library. It is being utilized by researchers and scholars. The reading room attached to the library supplies dailies,
weeklies and monthlies in various languages.
MUSEUM & AUDITORIUM
MUSEUM
There is a museum in the office Annex building at East nada. Many rare offerings by devotees to the
Lord are exhibited here. The museum is kept open from 8.00 am to 8.00pm on all days except Tuesdays and other
holydays.
AUDITORIUM
MELPATHUR AUDITORIUM
The spacious auditorium on the right side of the East Gopuram commemorates the great saint poet Melpathur
Narayana Bhattathiri, who worshipped Lord Guruvayoorappan by composing superb devotional classic
Narayaneeyam and miraculously recovered from an acute affliction of paralysis. Devotional functions such as spiritual
discourse, performance of traditional forms, classical music and symposia on cultural
and spiritual topics are held here. The auditorium has a spacious stage with attached green room. This hall
accommodates more than 2000 people. the auditorium is given on rental for functions that are offered to LORD. In
connection with the Ashtami Rohini (August - September), the birthday of Lord Krishna, the Sapthaham is conducted
in such a way that the chapter of Krishna's birth (Avatharam) is recited on the Ashtami Rohini day. The spiritual
discourses are held during Vaisakha month (April - May), Ramayana Masam (July – August or karkidaka masam in
Malayalam calendar) and Mandala Pooja(November - December) in the Melpathur Auditorium.
Sl.No Programme Time Rate
1 Dance program 1.5 hrs 500
2 Kathakali
10 pm to 6
am
6 pm to 6
am
1250
1500
3 Sangeethakacheri
6am to
12noon
(for each 3
hrs)
4:30pm to
10:30pm
(for each
1.5 hrs)
250
500
4 Namajapam/Bhajana/Paaraayanam 6am to
12noon 1000
GURUVAYUR SATYAGRAHA SMARAKA MANDIRAM (POONTHANAM AUDITORIUM)
( PHONE NO: 0487 2556537)
Guruvayur Devaswom has established a fully centralized A/C hall named "Poonthanam Auditorium" with all modern
facilities which will be given on rental for marriage/cultural
programs. the hall dedicated for the memory of great poet Poonthanam author of jnanappana and Guruvayur
satyagraha.
Sl.No Rooms Time Rate
1 2 Bed Non A/C
Room
440
2 2 Bed A/C Room
725
3 Dormitory Hall
5750
4 Hall+ Dormitory
Hall+3 Rooms
From 5pm to next day
3pm
From 9am to 5pm
From 5pm to 10 pm
57600
23000
17250
5 Dining Hall
5750
KSHETHRAM AADYAATMIKA HALL
Sl.No Programme Time Rate
1 Sapthaham 7 days- 6pm to 10pm 1250
2 Akhandanamam 1 day- 5am to 5pm 250
PARKING
Devaswom has provided parking facility on the East Nada and South Nada for the convenience of the devotees. The
compound in front of the Kousthubham Rest House is given for parking at a nominal rate at East Nada. On the South
Nada, the parking area of the Pay and Use toilet near the Panchajanyam Rest House is also provided for parking of
vehicles.
COMFORT STATION
On the eastern side of the temple tank there is a comfort station which is functioning round
the clock here. Pilgrims who arrive at odd hours and those who do not find or require
immediate lodging/accommodation, can keep their luggage at a nominal fee. They can use the lavatories and
bathrooms. Also there are lavatories on the north and south corners away from the Eastern Gopuram and Pay and
Use Toilets at South Nada near Panchajanyam Rest House for the use of pilgrims. Special facilities for keeping the
foot-wear and other articles are provided near the east and west side of the temple.
MEDICAL FACILITIES
Devaswom has a medical center and an Ayurvedic hospital providing free checkup (except laboratory) and medicine.
MEDICAL CENTRE AND AYURVEDIC HOSPITAL
There is a medical center to the south of the temple which provides medical treatment at a nominal cost. This is a 75
bedded hospital with facilities like ECG, X-ray etc.
The Ayurvedic Hospital near the KSRTC Bus stand named after Shri. Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri. (Melpathur
Memorial Ayurvedic Hospital) gives free treatment.
The Devaswom spends about Rs.30 lakhs for the medicines every year apart from other expenses.
FOOD
Devaswom is conducting free Prasada Oottu in the oottupura inside the temple for the devotees every day. It starts at
10.30 am in the morning. Two canteens are functioning in the Rest houses - Kousthubham and Panchajanyam.
TRANSPORTATION Guruvayur temple can be reached by road and railway. Nearest Airport is Cochin International Airport.
OTHER HOTELS WITH ROOMS AND MARRIAGE HALLS
East Nada -Elite Hotel, Rugmini Regency, Ramakrishna Lunch home, RVK Residency
North Nada - Govind Regency (only rooms)
Near Temple Pond – Hotel Vysakham International
Devaswom office
Please dial any of the below mentioned P.B.X. Telephone Numbers (prefix code +91 487 if needed) 255 6335, 255 6347, 255 6365, 255 6538, 255 6670, 255 6672, 2555799, 2556346 Fax Number +91 487 255 4844 Now dial the required extension number
Reception 100,199
• Basic contents of this document created on Aug 12, 2011 is based on contents from website
http://www.guruvayurdevaswom.org ,official website of Guruvayur temple .
• The amenities, phone numbers, fees, rates and charges mentioned in document are subject to changes. So please check the official website for updated details or contact respective authority.
• http://www.elephant-kerala.com/manjulal.htm.
• http://www.chintha.com/kerala/krishnanattam-history-origin.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guruvayur_Keshavan
• http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jul/31spec.htm
• http://www.rediff.com/news/aug/25ker.htm