h. 6 religion rubenstein pages: 168 key issue #1: where are religions...

Guided Reading Ch. 6 Due: 12/7/16 (Day of Ch. 6 Quiz) NAME:_________________________________

FARSON AP Human Geography—F-104 1

Ch. 6 Religion Rubenstein pages: 168-205

Universalizing Religions:

1. The three main universalizing

religions are:

A. _____________________________

B. _____________________________

C. _____________________________

2. A ___________________________

is a large and fundamental division within a religion.

3. A ___________________________

is a division of a branch that unites a

number of local congregations in a

single legal and administrative body.

4. A _________________________ is a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination.

CHRISTIANITY:

5. Christianity has about _____________________ adherents, far more

than any other world religion and has the most widespread distribution.

It is the predominant religion in which (4) countries: __________________________,

_______________________________, _____________________________, and

_____________________________ and

countries with a Christian majority exist in

Africa and Asia as well.

6. The three major branches of Christianity

are: _______________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

7. Approximately what percentage of people

in the Western Hemisphere are Christian?

__________________________________

KEY ISSUE #1: Where Are Religions Distributed?



ISLAM:

8. Islam, the religion of ____________________________,is the predominate religion of the Middle East from North

Africa to Central Asia.

9. Half the world’s Muslims live in four countries outside the Middle East: _____________________________________

____________________________, ____________________________________, _______________________________.

10. Islam in Arabic means: ________________________________________________________________________

11. An adherent of the religion of Islam is known as a ______________________________, which in Arabic means:

“_____________________________________________________________.”

Buddhism:

12. Buddhism the third of the world’s major universalizing reli-

gions, has nearly _____________________________ adherents,

who are mainly found in _____________________________ and

____________________________________.

13. The foundation of Buddhism is represented by these concepts

known as: __________________________________.

14. The three main branches of Buddhism are:

________________________________,

________________________, and __________________________________.

15A. TRUE or FALSE Someone can both be a Buddhist and a believer of

other Eastern Religions, while Islam and Christianity both require exclusive

adherence.

15B. _________________________ and ___________________________ are

the two other universalizing religions.

(56% of total in China, Japan, and Korea)

(38% SE Asia) (Tibet & Mongolia)

(23 million—India) (7 million—Africa & Asia)



15B. _________________________ and ___________________________ are the two other universalizing religions.

15C. Sikhism’s first guru (religious teacher or enlightener) was _______________________ who lived in present day

_____________________________.

15D. TRUE or FALSE Sikh men wear turbans on their heads and never cut their beards or hair.

(23 million—India) (7 million—Africa & Asia)

Khanda—

Sikh Symbol

Depicts the Sikh

Doctrine

9 Pointed Star

Bahá`í Symbol =

the Greatest Name, and the Ring-

stone symbol, representing perfec-

tion, and the Messengers of God.

16. The Bahá`í was founded in Shíráz, _______________________ in 1844by Siyyid Ali Muhammad, known as the

_____________________.

ETHINIC RELIGIONS

17. ________________________ is the third largest religion, behind

Christianity and Islam with __________________ adherents.

18. _________ percent of Hindus are concentrated in one country,

______________________________.

19. Hindus comprise _______________________ of the population of

India.

20. TRUE or FALSE Hinduism does not have a central authority or

holy book.

21. ________________________________ founded by Confucius (551-479 B.C.) in China: Ethi-

cal principles for the orderly conduct of daily life in China, such as the following traditions, ful-

filling obligations, and treating others with sympathy and respect.

22. _____________________________ founded by Lao Tse (604-531 BC) emphasized the mys-

tical and magical aspects of life.

23. Daoist seek ___________________which means the way or the path. TRUE or FALSE Dao-

ism was officially banned in China in 1949.

24. ____________________________ ethnic religion of Japan—Forces of

nature are believed to be divine (Sun, Moon, Rivers, Trees, Rocks, Moun-

tain, Animals)

AUM

Feng Shui

Yin-yang

Torii Gate



25. ____________________________ first recorded monotheistic religion.

26. There are ____________________ Jews in the United States, _______ in Israel, ______ in

the rest of the world.

27. Who is considered the father of Judaism? __________________________

28. DEFINE Monotheism—

29. DEFINE Polytheism—

30. DEFINE Animism—

ORIGINS OF RELIGIONS

Christianity

31. Christianity was founded upon the teachings of ___________________, who was born in Bethlehem between 8 and

4 BC, and died on a cross in Jerusalem around 30 AD.

32. Christians believe Jesus died to atone for human ______________, that he was raised from the dead by God and

that his ___________________________ from the dead provides people brings hope for salvation.

33. What is the title given to the head of the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy? __________________________

34. Eastern Orthodoxy split from the Roman Catholic Church officially in ________________________________

35. Protestantism originated with the principles of the ______________________________in the 16th century. (Martin

Luther)

Islam

36. Jews and Christians trace their story through _________________original wife Sarah and her son ______________.

Muslims trace their story through Sarah’s maid servant, Hagar and her son ____________________.

37. _______________________________ was born in Makkah (Mecca) about _____________________.

38. The holiest book in Islam is called the ____________________, written in ________________________________.

39. Differences between the two main Islamic branches ______________________ and ________________________

go back to the earliest days of Islam and basically reflect disagreement over the line of succession in Islamic leadership.

Star of David

Symbol of Animist



Buddhism

40. The founder of Buddhism __________________________________ was born about 563 BC in present day Nepal

near the border of India.

41. What did Gautama encounter on each of his four trips?

___________________________, ____________________, _______________________, __________________

42. ___________________________ is the older of the two largest branches—means “the way of the elders.”

43. ___________________________ is the second largest branch—means the “bigger ferry or raft.”

DIFFUSION OF RELIGIONS

Christianity

44. Christianity first diffused from its hearth in _________________________ through __________________________.

45. ___________________________ individuals who help to transmit a universalizing religion through relocation diffu-

sion—carried the teachings of __________________ along the Roman Empire’s protected sea routes and excellent

road network to people in other locations.

46. Christianity spread widely within the Roman Empire through __________________________________________.

Daily contact between believers in the towns and nonbelievers in the countryside.

47. ________________________ is a follower of polytheistic religion in ancient times.

48. The dominance of Christianity was throughout the Roman Empire assured during the 4th century through

__________________________________ acceptance of religion by the empire’s key elite figure—Emperor Con-

stantine—313 AD.

49. _________________________ & _________________________by Europeans since the year 1500 has extended

Christianity to other regions of the world.

50. Through ___________________________________________ of Europeans, Christianity became the dominant reli-

gion in North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand—conversion of the indigenous population & inter-

marriage.

Islam

51. Islam spread over extensive areas of Africa, Asia, and Europe b/c of:

a. agricultural practices b. military conquests

52. How did Islam reach Indonesia, the world’s 4th largest country? _______________________________________



Buddhism

53. TRUE or FALSE Buddhism diffused rapidly from its hearth in NE India.

54. In the 1st century _____________________ along the trading routes from NE India introduced Buddhism to

___________________.

55. Buddhism further diffused from China to ______________________ and from Korea to ____________________.

Judaism

56. In what year was Israel created? __________________________________

57. TRUE or FALSE Most Jews lived in the Eastern Mediterranean before creation of Israel.

58. DEFINE Ghetto:

59.When and where did the term “Ghetto” originate? __________________________________________________

60. Today about ________% of the world’s 14 million Jews live in Europe compared to _________% a century ago.

HOLY PLACES

61. DEFINE Pilgrimage -

Holy Places for Christians

Jerusalem Vatican City—Home of Pope

St. Peter’s Basilica—Roman Catholic

62. ________________________and __________________________ are the universalizing religions that place the

most emphasis on identifying shrines. Places are holy because they are locations of the important events in the life of

_______________________________________ or ______________________________________.

Buddhist Shrines

63. How many places are holy to Buddhists because they were the locations of important events in Buddha’s life? ____



64. Most important is ________________________in southern Nepal—Buddha’s birthplace around ______________.

65. 2nd most important _________________________where Buddha reached perfect wisdom.

66. 3rd most important is ________________________ in Sarnath where Buddha gave his first sermon.

67. 4th most important is _________________________where Buddha died at age 80 and passed into nirvana.

68. The four other sites were the locations of Buddha’s principal _______________________________________

multiple images of himself ascended to heaven tamed a wild elephant announcement of his death

Islam

69. The holiest city for Muslims is

_____________________________

- the birth place of Muhammad.

70. The holiest object in Islam is the

________________________ a

cube-like structure encased in silk

which stands at the center of the Great Mosque, al-Haram al-Sharif. The Ka’ba thought to have been built by Abraham

and Ismael, contains a ______________________________ given to Abraham by Gabriel as a sign of the covenant with

Ismael and the Muslim people.

71. TRUE or FALSE The Ka’ba had been a religious shrine in Mecca centuries before the origin of Islam.

72. The al-Haram Mosque also contains the well of __________________________, considered to have the same water

source as that was used by Ismael and Hagar when they were wandering in the desert after exile from Canaan.

73. The second most holy place in Islam is _______________________, the third most holy place is Jerusalem.

74. Every healthy Muslim who has financial resources is expected to undertake a _______________________ called a

______________________________ to Mecca.

75. How many Muslims participate in the Hajj every year from countries other than Saudi Arabia? _________________

Sikhism

76. Sikhism’s most holy structure the _________________________or

______________________was built at ________________________ at the Pun-

jab, by Arjan the 5th guru, during the 7th century.

Hinduism

77. Hindus consider a pilgrimage, knows as a _______________________, to be an act of ________________________.

78. Mt. Kailas, located at the source of the _________________________ in the Himalayas is holy because Siva lives

there.



79. Hindus believe that they achieve ___________________ by bathing in the

holy ____________________________.

80. The _____________________ is the holiest river in India because it is sup-

THE CALENDAR

Read this section of the text and take notes on the following:

Important vocabulary terms

How different religions use calendars

Especially know the idea of solstice, what it is and examples of its observation.



TRUE or FALSE On a number of occasions, Buddhists during the Vietnam War, immolated (burned) themselves

to protest policies of the government.

RELIGION vs. RELIGION

Read this section of the text and take notes on the following:

Information from the main headings

Events from Ireland

Jerusalem (and the Crusades)

Ongoing conflict between Jews and Muslims in Palestine and the Holy Lands (modern Israel and sur-

rounding areas.)

h. 6 religion rubenstein pages: 168 key issue #1: where are religions...

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