untitledRural Connectivity Rural Connectivity –– A New Deal A New Deal for Rural Indiafor Rural India
H. K. Srivastava,H. K. Srivastava, Director Projects, NRRDADirector Projects, NRRDA
Ministry of Rural DevelopmentMinistry of Rural Development Government of IndiaGovernment of India
If we get the road, we would If we get the road, we would get everything else, community get everything else, community centre, employment, postcentre, employment, post-- office, telephoneoffice, telephone
---- A young women, Little Bay, JamaicaA young women, Little Bay, Jamaica
Road Network, IndiaRoad Network, India
SH & MDR,
432000 NH,
* 80% of Rural Roads unsurfaced
* 0.33m habitations (40%) out of 0.825m rural habitations lacked all- weather connectivity in 2000.
(84.4%)
NH – National Highways , SH – State Highways, MDR – Major District Road
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak YojanaPradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Programme launched on 25th Dec. 2000 as 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme The Primary Objectives:
To connect all 500+ Unconnected Habitations For Hill & NE States, Desert and Tribal Areas 250+ unconnected habitations also to be connected. Secondary Objective: To upgrade existing roads to ensure all weather farm-to-market connectivity.
Total Investment : US $ 29333 mn Eligible Habitations : 170,000, 0.373 mn km
Financing of PMGSYFinancing of PMGSY
Special fuel Cess to generate about US $ 930 million per annum Funding Support from multilateral agencies › ADB – US $ 1250 mn › WB - US $ 400 mn (Additional support of $ 500mn
in process)
Borrowing of US $ 3670 mn proposed from National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD)
PMGSYPMGSY-- Network PlanningNetwork Planning A Core Network of rural roads is prepared for every district. Minimal Network to provide Minimal Network to provide one basic access to every eligible habitations.one basic access to every eligible habitations. Consultation with the Institutions of Local Self Governments in preparation and finalization of the Core Network Scheme for Prioritization & Selection of sub projects. The process eschews adhocism and discretion in subproject selection thereby ensuring objectivity, transparency and equity
District Rural Roads Plan Simdega Block, Simdega District, Jharkhand
Typical DRRP At Block Level
Core Network Plan Simdega Block, Simdega District, Jharkhand
Typical Core Network at Block Level
Setting Standards and Setting Standards and SpecificationsSpecifications
Rural Roads Manual prepared in 2002 Standard Data Book and Book of Specifications published in 2004 Design and Estimates based on detailed field surveys and soil tests Design & Estimates checked by the designated State Technical Agencies Procedures and processes to be followed codified in the Operations Manual Environmental Code of Practice (ECoP) and Resettlement & Participatory Frame work (RPF) in place.
Institutional Architecture for Institutional Architecture for Effective ImplementationEffective Implementation
National Rural Roads Development Agency (NRRDA) set up at the Central Government Level for providing technical and management support to the Programme. State Level Rural Road Development Agencies (SRRDA) setup to eliminate multiplicity of agencies Dedicated Programme Implementation Units at the District Level. Standardization of Bidding process 3 Tier Quality Assurance System
Cost OptimizationCost Optimization
modify design parameters, specifications › Full scale investigations & need based design
insisted › Jute Geotextile, Soil Stabilization › Use of locally available materials › Gravel roads › Use of low end machinery › Stage Construction
47.18 2007
58 2006
50.48 2005
40.57 2004
District Morena MP
HRD InterventionsHRD Interventions Special Training Programmes organized for Implementing Staff ‘Requirement’ based courses developed Contractor’s Engineer and workers included Training through established Institutions and Engineering Colleges Faculty from Academia as well as Field Provision for International exposure Nearly 15,000 personnel trained
Maintenance of Road AssetsMaintenance of Road Assets Estimated loss due to poorly maintained roads US $ 2200 mn/year Providing systematic maintenance of Rural Road Core Network emphasized in the Programme. 5 year paid maintenance included in the Construction Contract. Grants to the State under 12th Finance Commission for additional funding Prioritization of maintenance based on Pavement Condition Survey
Maintenance ManagementMaintenance Management
Cost/year is 1.5 to 2% of Constn Cost Development & Adoption of Asset Management Practices Insistence on Preventive maintenance › Maintenance norms specified in
Operations Manual Zonal maintenance management system Involvement of local community
Achievement of PMGSYAchievement of PMGSY
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
Total Cleared Completed
Satisfactory delivery on Cost, time, Quality and Safety dimensions Capacity building of Contractors, Engineers, Technicians and Works, Encourage Equipment Bank System Cost Optimization Social & Environmental concerns
Impact AssessmentImpact Assessment Activities spread all over Country Relatively short duration since launching of the programme Basic Access Rural Roads Project – Andhra Pradesh Economic Restructuring Project (APERP, WB, 1997) PMGSY- Quick Assessment – Monitoring Division, MoRD, GoI -2004 Project Appraisal – Rural Roads Project- WB 2004 Monitoring of Socio-economic Impacts – Base line and half yearly report Jan –June 06 (ADB Financed Project in Chattisgarh) Data collected in respect of 5 proposed States for 2nd World Bank financed Projects. Socio-economic Impact Assessment & Road users satisfaction Survey (Feb 2007) MoRD, GoI
Basic Access Rural Roads ProjectBasic Access Rural Roads Project Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh--India India --19971997
World Bank Assisted – 3 poor rural districts Aimed to improve rural road network to atleast basic all weather passable standards Impacts based on opinion survey
6%
21%
10%
24%
25%
14%
Purchase of more fertilizers Higher intensity of cultivation
Andhra Pradesh
0
1
2
3
Condition
182.5distance to School km
1911distance traveled for seeds
1911distance traveled for fertilizer
UnconnectedConnected
Andhra Pradesh
5 pair of villages in each of 4 States Detailed Surveys to determine production, agricultural output and commodities prices, social indicators and levels of traffic generated
World Bank Project Preparation World Bank Project Preparation 2004 2004 -- SurveySurvey
PAD
Results:Results:
517Crop Exports (% production)
12.820.81.83.2Electricity %
1.61.74.83.9Mortality %
PAD
Impact Assessment of PMGSY 2004Impact Assessment of PMGSY 2004 Key FindingsKey Findings
Increase in earnings due to increased access to market, motorized equipment for farming, fertilizer, seed, pesticides usages. Switch over from food to cash crops – vegetables, milk. Reduce Transportation Cost Improved access to health facilities Increased school enrolment – particularly girl child Regular attendance by teachers Increase frequency of visit by govt. officials, grass root workers – improved governance Improvement in postal services telephones, quicker access to police service in emergencies Private & Public transport system – new & improved.
Socio Economic Impact Assessment 2007Socio Economic Impact Assessment 2007
Project Survey – 2 districts – part of study in 10 States Results illustrative, complete survey by Oct., 07 States of Rajasthan – Bhilwara,
U. P. - Mujaffar nagar
Effect of Road Development › Increase in Girl Schooling 2% › Reduction in Travel time 26 › Increase in Travel Cost 20 › Increase in Household expenditure 13 › Increase in agricultural yield 4 › Increase in Non farm employment 4
Usual Mode of TravelUsual Mode of Travel
3.43.40.52.5Own vehicle 7.111.33.310Jugar 00.21.01.0Train
10.812.31.55.3Bus 13.407.3Two-wheeler 00.704.5Mini bus
Muzaffarnagar ProjectBhilwada ProjectDistricts Value in %
Children in household receiving OPV Children in household receiving OPV ‘‘OO’’ vaccination at the time of birthvaccination at the time of birth
5 4 3 2 1 0
No. of Childre n
PrePostPrePost MuzaffarnagarBhilwada
Districts Value in %
ConclusionConclusion Rural Connectivity is one of the key investments laid out in the Transport Chapter of Government of India’s Five Yearly Plans Outcome studies indicate that all weather connectivity contributes to › Significant reduction in Cost of transportation of
goods. Rural areas are getting connected by transport services.
› The development of economic activities by enhancing mobility and thus providing more opportunity for growth within the rural economy