INVESTIGATION NORTH OKANAGAN

VATER REQUIREljENTS

GROUND WATER STTJDIES

.

by H. Masmith Dopt. of klines, Victoria.

I

January, 1959.

PREFAC E

This rroblsm was presented t o bk. H . Nasnith, as part of tho

Investigations for the North Okanagan 'Hater Requirements, being made

by the '.Vater Rights Sranch i n tho period 1958 - 59.

ldr. NasmJ.th ha8 for many years made a study of groundwater condit

in various parts of the Province, and undertook compilation of thia re1

i n h i s spare time.

The Branch therefore express their gratitude t o I&. Nasmith for '

preparation of this report.

Hedley K. Joyco, Hydraulic Engineer, 7later Rights Branch.

.

plgo

The Problem ........................................ 1

In t roduc t ion ........................................ 2 Area A1 .............................................. 3

A2 ............................................. 3 A3 ............................................. 3 B1 ............................................. 3

B2 ............................................. 3 B3 ............................................. a sq ............................................. 4

95 ............................................. 4

B6 ............................................. 4

?37 ............................................. 4

Vernon Irrigation District ........................... 5

Indian Rescrvos ...................................... 5 APDFhTT3M ............................................. 6 Log Lumby $4. ‘:Jatcr ‘ i y c l l .............................. 7

Log Enderby #l O i l -%~ll .............................. 8

Longitudual Sec t ion Joyce Creek Fan .................. 9 Drawing #425’3 - Area of Inquiry ...................... 10

.

THE PFtOBLE?J

1. To advise qual i ta t iva ly , whether any ground water reservo;rs, aquifers

e t c , exist which could be u t i l i z e d to provide water, for any po r t ion or

Fo r t ions of the a r e a de l inea ted on Drg. #4253, s u f f i c i e n t f o r :

(a) For domestic,municipal and l ivestock r a q u i r e m n t s , and /or

( b ) For i r r i g a t i o n requirements.

2. If so, what further i n v e s t i g a t i o n s would bo r equ i r ed t o provide a

quantitative answer, and a t approximately what cost.

I R T R ODUC T I ON c

T h i s b r i e f r e p o r t i s an attempt t o a n m e r - t h e ques t ions posed i n 'he l e t t e r from Hedley Joyce of t h e '?later Rights Branch, a copy of which i s ,Atached t o t h i s r epor t .

The groundwater cond i t ions i n any a r e a a r e a funct ion of a v a r i e t y If f a c t o r a , the two most important of which a r e the cl imate and tha l o c a l ;eologic condi t ions. if tho p r e c i p i t a t i o n throughout t h e year, f a c t o r s of evaporation and use of water by tlants, govern t h e t o t a l amount of water which is a v a i l a b l r , f o r i n f i l t r a t i o n t o p-ound-aater r e s e r v o i r s . The groundwater r e s e r v o i r s i n which t h e su rp lus p r e c i p i t a t i o n .8 stored and from which it can be withdrawn by w e l l s , are a func t ion of t h e l o c a l ;eologic condi t ions.

The total. amount of p r e c i p i t a t i o n , i t s form, t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n

The no r th Okanagan Valley i s an a r e a of moderate t o low r a i n f a l l , Zho Umate i s e s s e n t i a l l y t r a n s i t i o n a l betwean t h e s e m i d e s e r t c l imate i n t h e south kanegan and t h e high p r e c i p i t a t i o n of a r o a s t o the no r th and e a s t of tho Okanagan 'alley. I n general , t h w e i e probahly l i t t l e surplus p r c i p i t a t i o n t o i n f i l t r a t e ,o groundwater r e s e r v o i r s i n t h e no r th Okanagan Valley. Replenishment of ground- rater r e s e r v o i r s i s t h e r e f o r e l a r g e l y accomplished by i n f i l t r a t i o n from su r face Itrcam which bring excess p r e c i p i t a t i o n from t h e - a r s e s of high p r e c i p i t a t i o n on ,he plateau and t h e mountainous a r e a s t o t h e north and eaet. Becausa su r face streams ire t he main source, of grouradaatm i n f i l t r a t i o n , teearvoire are ad jacen t t o t h e stroams and usua l ly c o n s i s t of sands and gravels leposited by t h e stream i tself . Although the re are abupdant gravel and sand d e p o s i t s .aid down during l a t e s t a g e s of glaciatLon in t h e no r th Okanagan, only those adjacent ,o streams from which groundwater can be i n f i l t r a t e d and whtch arg also 93 ralley bottom and accordingly n o t t o o r a p i d l y drained, can s u p p 1 y r u s s f u l n ~ ~ ~ ~ : n d - rater. laposits l a i d down i n post -g lac ia l lakes. These si l t d e p o s i t s are f i n e grained and .t i s not poss ib l e t o Ostain water supp l i e s from them by means of wel ls .

the ma jo r i ty of groundwater

Tn add i t ion , large p a r t s of t h e v a l l e y bottom are mantled by t h i c k s i l t

These factors of g ~ 0 1 0 u and cl imate , thrqrsfore, e l imina te l a r g e area6 ,f the north Okanagan as p o t e n t i a l groundwater areaa. The p o t o n t i a l groundwater D e s ~ r v ~ i r s i n t h e north Okanagan a m e i t h e r a l l u v i a l stream d e p o s i t s adjacent t o rroscnt streams, o r g l a c i a l g r a v e l s deeply bu r i ed beneath tho pos t -g l ac i a l l a c u s t r i n e laposi ts i n the Valley bottom.

Domeatic and l i v e s t o c k requirements f o r water can be suppliod rithsr by individual m l l s or by some form of communal water system. lssumad t h a t i n w e l l e s t a b l i s h e d farming d i s t r i c t s , s u f f i c i e n t groundwater tnvest igat ions have h e m made by t h e farmers themselves i n t h o form of d r i l l e d o r lug w e l l s t o e s t a b l i s h t h e presence o r absence of r e a d i l y a c c e s s i b l e groundwatrr iquFfers and t h a t a t u d i s s i n such areas should be conducted not w i t h the h o p o f - !inding new a q u i f e r s , which a m be u t i l i z e d by i n d i v i d u a l wells , b u t r a t h e r merely io gain inf'ormation w i t h which to-aeeesa t h e p o s s i b i l i t i e s of ob ta in ing a w e l l t o lupply a communal system.

I t h i n k i t can be

YuniciDal and I r r i g a t i o n water r e q u i r e m n t a imply the deve lopmnt of lome communal water system. ;he f e a s i b i l i t y of u t i l i z i n g @roundwater as a source f o r such a communal a a t w system, :n t h e f i r e t p l ace , t h e noed for/and t h e e c o n m ' c d of such a water system should be tnveatigatad t o detsrmine whether such P system i e economically f e a s i b l e a t tho r e s e n t time. If such a system is found t o b e economically f e a s i b l e and d e s i r a b l o i t t h e present t ime, the p o a s i b i l i t y of using groundwater as a SOWCQ can be further Investigated, f i r a t by a r ap id reconnaisance of poasibla groundwater sources w i t h i n ;he economic a r e a of t h e proposed system and second by means of t e s t d r i l l i n g o r , ther subsurface inves t iga t ion . F'resent knol<*ledga of groundwater condi t ions i n ;he North Okanagan i s probably adequate a t t h e p re sen t time t o po in t out poss ib l e ;roundwater r e s e r v o i r s a i t h i n any area of i n t e r e s t . rubsurfaco i n v e s t i g a t i o n a r e much more expensive and cannot gene ra l ly be undertaken i n t j l the economic f e a s i b i l i t y and need f o r a c o m n a l w a t e r system i a e s t ab l i shed . :xtremely r ap id changes i n s u b s o i l occur w i t h i n s h o r t d i s t a n c e s even i n a r e a s where ,bere are favourable i n d i c a t i o n s of ground water. ;he l o c a t i o n should bo examined i n the f i e l d before d r i l l i n g i s s t a r t e d even though ;he general a r ea is bel ieved t o be favourable .

Two types of i n v e s t i g a t i o n s a r e required t o eva lua te

D r i l l i n g and other types of

If any t e s t d r i l l i n g i s undertaken

The fol lowing notco give a b r i e f d i scuss ion of t h e areas de l lnaa ted on rmr bkp, Thg. 4253.

lea Al: - Groundwater my be a v a i l a b l e from s h a l l m a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s on the, f lood p l a i n s of Cherry Creek and the Shuswap River. If d i r e c t pumping from e i t h e r Shumap River o r Cherry Creek was found t o be undesirable,, a b r i e f i n v e s t i g a t i o n of dug wells i n any area of i n t e r e s t would probably giva s u f f i c i e n t information t o a s s e s s t h e f e a s i b i l i t y of a development similar t o t h a t at:Lumby.

'ea A2: I have no s p e c i f i c information on t h i s a r e a , bu t the s o i l s map i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e land ad jacen t t o the Shugsap River i n t h i s a r e a is underlain by

t h i s c l a y i n p l aces and if i t was found uneconomic t o pump from the r i v e r , a r ap id reconnaisance should i n d i c a t e whether or no t shallow g r a v e l d e p o s i t s are present .

I have only l i m i t e d information on this area. East of Enderby there are gravelly d e p o s i t s i n t h e narrow valley adjacent t o t h e Shumap River and possi3ly w a t e r could 5e obtained from these g r a v e l depos i t s . puming directly from t h e r i v e r would have t o he considered as an alternative p o s s i b i l i t y . reported t o he unde r l a in by a c l a y or s i l t y sub-soil . shallow g r a v e l d e p o s i t s on t o p of t h e c l a y sub-6011. t h e wells usPd by farm i n t h i s a r e a could probably give information on t h i s matter. simpler t o draw water d i r e c t l y from the Shuswap River.

- ' a c l a y sub-soil. ' Poss ih ly t h e r e are shal low a l l u v i a l g rave ls on top of

*ea fl:

However,

North of Enderby, the land ad jacen t t o t h e S h m a p River i8 L o c a l l y there may be

A reconnaisance of

For a large development, howevuty, it would probably be

rea B l r This a r e a inc ludes the town of Lumby, where a,water well. was d r i l l e d i n 1954. a t a depth of110 t o 115 foet. (See l o g of t h i s drPill ing a t tached) . The water had an object ionable smell and tas te ' , due t o t h e presence of dissolved hydrogen sulphide and would have r equ i r ed considerable treatment t o .mke it acceptable f o r a domestic water system. from t h i s r e l a t i v e l y t h i n aquifer was s c a r c e l y adequate f o r a domestic water system. b u t whether o r no t it was rock is not c l e a r from the d r i l l e r s log. d r i l l i n g was stopped on a hard g l a c i a l t i l 1 , t h e r e is the possibility t h a t deeper d r i l l i n g would encounter another gravel a q u i f e r a t g r e a t e r depth. I know of in t h i s a rea . have spread t h i n sand and grave l alluvium on t o p of fine-grained l a c u s t r i v e s i l t and clav. r e s e r v o i r 8 for groundwater which could be dsveloped i n a manner similar t o t h e p re sen t development a t Lumby. he developed from these d e p o s i t s 3.8 controlled not only by t h e a v a i l a b l e s torage jn t h e grawlly d e p o s i t s , bu t also by t he amount of surp lus run- off from t he stream wFlich can r e p l e n i s h s torage i n the gravel f lood p l a i n donos i t s . 1

i n the v i c i n i t y of Rawlings Lake. The! soils map shms t h a t t h i s area is underlain b y a l u c u s t r h a clay which would n o t be a ready SOUTCQ of groundwater A rap id reconnaisance of t h e prosent water w e l l s i n t h i s a r e a would give some i n d i c a t i o n as t o whether o r not a shallow source of groundwater could be developed for a cornuni ty water system.

' t o t e s t the p o s s i b i l i t i e s of deep groundwater by maam of a d r i l l e d well. I am not farnillsr wi th t h i s a r e a . i n "dtail, but you might expect t o f i n d cond i t ions somewhat similar t o those encountered in t h e d r i l l e d well a t the town of Lumby. Before undertaking the expense of t e a t d r i l l i n g , I would quggest t h a t someone look a t t h e topogr8phy of t h e area t o see % h e t h e r e o r not there is not any hope crf success ,

This a r e a , occupying t h e main Okanagan t r ench for s e v e r a l m i l e s no r th and south of t h e v i l l a g e of Armstrong, i s under la in by exbnsive silty. c l a y d e p o s i t s . 600 f e e t deep. i n an area north cast of Armstrong. Enderby No.1 well, which I made up from t h e samples s e n t i n t o the Department of Mines. encountered ex tens ive fl& of a r t e s i a n watsr according t o local r e p o r t . On the b a s i s of t h i s occurence of ground wa te r , a Mr. R.A. Efaddox, farmer i n t h i s area, had 2 t e s t wells d r i l l e d , one of which was 600 feet deep and the o ther 200 f e e t . Both of these t e s t h o l e s were d r y and d id not provide any supply of water. of the sub-surface cond i t ions a t t h i s site.

This well obtained about 25 ga l lons per minute from a gravel a q u i f e r

The q u a n t i t y of water provided

The d r i l l b g was stopped a t 114 f e a t on some hard bottom If the,

This is tho only tes t of $ d r i l l e d well of 100 f e e t or more t h a t Throughout much of t h e area €31, the l o c a l streams

These shallow granular al luvial d e p o s i t s could provide

Obviously the amount of water which could

You mentioned that there was particular i n t e r e s t in water suppl ies \

Otherwise, it would be necessary

1

~

rea B2r I

Several d r i l l e d w e l l s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h i s silty c l a y i s more than In 1954 and 1955, Faderby O i l Walls d r i l l e d 3 t e s t holes

Attached t o t h i s r e p o r t is a l o g of

The Test Hole d r i l l e d by t h e same company i n 1954

The at tached sketch s h m s qy i n t e r p r e t a t i o n

Since the t e s t ho lps d r i l l e d by the Ehderby Oil J e l l s were prospect h o l e s i n search of oil, it is d i f f i c u l t t o i n t e r p r e t the samdes and logs of the d r i l l i n g i n terms of the occurmce of ground water. Samples from

J

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Enderby No.1, between depths of 760 and 1000 f e o t , c o n s i s t of f i ne gravel and coa r se sand. M y of t h e fragments were well rounded and it could be i n f e r r e d t h a t t h i s material i s a washed sand and g rave l d e p o s i t which could p o t e n t i a l l y be a s u i t a b l e ground water aquifer . Hmcvrr , no record of t h e occurenm of ground wa te r i a contained i n t h e d r i l l i n g log and s i n c e the w e l l was d r i l l e d using a heavy mud and t h e ob jec t ive of t h e d r i l l e r s was t o pass through t h e unconsolidated materf-al and roach s o l i d rock as soon as possiblo, t he f a c t t h a t t hey do not rwport any ground wa te r occuronce is n o t regarded as s i g n i f i c a n t . a considerable th i ckness of washrd sand and g rave l beneath as much as 700 f e e t of g l a c i a l laks depos i t s . t o d r i l l a hole i n search of ground water as much as 1000 f o e t i n o rde r t o n rone r ly t es t t h e o c c u r c x e of ground wa te r a q u i f e r i n t h i s a r ea . h c h of tho area n o r t h and northeast of Armatroag is underlain a t s h a l l m dev ths by bedrock and the most l ikely occurencc of a deep ground water aquifer i s i n t h e main Okanagan t rench extending from t h e head of Okanagan Lake through Armstrong and i n t o tho valley of the Shuswap River a t Enderby. I n a d d i t i o n t o t h i s poss ib le deep a q n i f s r , ground water might be recovered f'rom sand and g rave l a l l u v i a l depos i t a of a number of creeks which e n t e r the Okanagan Valley i n the t i c i n i t y of Armstrong from t h e - e a s t . Joyce Creek,Kendry Creek, Glanzier. Creek and others . The occuronce

Wells is bel ieved t o be of t h e type i l l u s t r a t e d i n tha a t t ached drawing and s imilar cond i t ions may e x i s t opposite t h e mouths of t h e s e va r ious creeks.

These d r i l l l o g s suggest t h a t there may be

It would t h e r e f o r e be necessary

These include Glenhayes Croek,

of ground water i n t ho first ahalluw t e s t holo of tho Enderby O i l

I have no p a r t i c u l a r subsurfeoe information in t h i s ' a r ea i n tho v i c i n i t y of Deep Creek. s u b s o i l s i n the area, i nc lud ing some granular s o i l s . of lcw r e l i e f and thoro i s t h e r e f o r e some p o s s i b i l i t y f o r t h e dovolopment of ground water frem creek alluvium. would prove o r disprove tho p o s s i b i l i t y of ground wate r i n aw a r e a where other s t u d i o s ind ica t ed t h a t a communal water system was economically d e s i r a b l e .

"he soils map i n d i c a t e s that t he re is a v a r i e t y of It is i n an area

A small amount of f i e l d work

This a r e a , known as Grandview, i s underlain by deop sand and g rave l ly depos i t s , however, i t i s i n general , extremely well drained, because t h e su r face of t h e a r e a s t a n d s s e v e r a l hundred f o o t above the valley hottom of t h e main Okanagan Valley. l i k l i h o c d of obtaining ground water from t h e s e sand and gravel depos i t s . Thara may be some granu la r material ad jacen t t o Deep Creek along tho e a s t e r n edge of t h i s area and it would appear poss ib le t h a t t he re may be somc subsurface f l o w of groundwater i n t h i s area. know of any spr ing8 along t h e e a s t e r n edge of this area and I th ink t e s t d r i l l i n g nould be necessary t o assess t ho p o s s i b i l i t y of ground- water from t h i s source.

There is t h e r e f o r e v e r y l i t t l e

I do n o t

Vernon - Commonage.

above t he Okanagan valley bottom. s i l t s and clays which rest on glacial sand and g rave l depos i t s . The sands and gr3vels probably l i e on a n i r r e g u l a r bedrock su r face and are t o o well drained t o provir lLsu p l i e s of groundwater rxcap t a t t-lovations w a r t h e v a l l e y bottom. Na & a c r o s s t h e a r e a t o provide s i g n i f i c a n t i n f i l t r a t i o n t o grouqdnater r e s r r v o i r s .

There is l i t t l e hope of ob ta in ing groundwater supp l i e s from t h i s a r e a of r o l l i n g bench land which s t a n d s s e v e r a l hundred f a c t

me s u b s o i l c o n s i s t s of g l a c i a l lake

1 d o no t kava any i n f o r a a t i o n of groundwater p o s s i y i l j t i e s i n t h i s a r ea . Tho soi1.s ma;, i n d i c a t r s t h a t much of t h e area is underlain by a g l a c i a l l a k e clxy drom which t h e r e mould ?-IC E t t l c hope of obtaining s u t x l i e s o f natcr. I n a d d i t i c n , t h e r e are e,vidently granular dopos i t s adjacent t o the two c reeks which flow i n t o the ShuyRap River p a s t t h e n o r t h and south boundary of t h i s area. Some groundwater m a y be s to red i n t h e a l l u v i u n along t h e s e creeks and a development s i i n i l a r t o the p re sen t development a t Lumby might be fcas ib le .

I have no information on the ae l l s ir! t!iis area. t o Sc under l a in by a large a r e a of g l a c i a l l ake day.

The soils map s h m s i t Only small creeks

- 5 -

flow a c r o s s the area and t h e s o i l s map does not i n d i c a t e any extensive amount of alluvium ad jacen t t o these creeks. the need f o r a communal water system i n t h i s area, a brief reconnaisance of the a v a i l a b l e wel l s should i n d i c a t e whether o r not shallow w e l l s could provido a source of water f o r such a water system.

If o the r s t u d i e s i n d i c a t e

Vernon Lrr i g a t i on D i s t r i c t

'mithin t h e Vernon i r r i g a t i o n d i s t r i c t , most of t he f l o w of tha surface streams i s l i censed and c a n t r o l l e d . There maybe sone storage i n the a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s adjacent t o B.X. Creek and Vernon Crsok. FIowever, u t i l i z a t i o n of ground water from t hese a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s would have t o be c l o s e l y i n t e g r a t e d with t h e m e of eu r facs water . Some deep d r i l l i n g has been done i n t h e valley b e t m e n t h e town of Vernon and the 5ead of Okanagan Lake a t Okanagan Landing. i n d i c a t e s t h a t i n p l a c e s the re i s a t h i n granular a q u i f e r underneath the g l a c i a l l a k e d e p o s i t . The ~ r a l l s , so far developed, do no t provide l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s of water b u t t h i s may be because of t h e type of w e 1 1 cons t ruc t ion , r a t h e r t han any l i m i t a t i o n i n t h e a q u i f e r i t s e l f . During the sulgmdr of 1958, a wall was d r i l l e d i n t,he C i t y . of Vernon f o r a new s t o r e for Fatons of Canada. I have no information on what formntions t h e d r i l l e r encouqtcred, bu t Ff t h e l o g of t h i s w e l l could be obtained, it would give some i-dca of t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y of groundwater from deep d r i l l e d w e l l 8 i n t h i e area.

This d r i l l i n g

Indian Reserves

Kost of t h e Ind ian Resnrve8 l i e in area €32 and groundwater cond i t ions within t he Indian rsservns are probably e s s e n t i a l l y siylilar t o those in t h a t are&. The eastern p a r t of Enderby Indian Reserve N0.2 might be supplied by a deep d r i l l e d w e l l if it encountered cond i t ions ind ica t ed by the Enderby No.lWcl1 drilled fairly c loso t o t h i s Indian reserve. The Indian reservo along the n o r t h arm of Okanagan Lake could poss ib ly b e s t be supplied by water pumped from t h o lake i t s o l f . Groundwater might be .obtained, however, from t h e a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s near tho mouth of t h e Equesis Croek andvhi teman Crook.

,,

I 3 -13

?2 -34 34 -44 44 -53 53 4 2 e2 -98 98 -101 01 -109 09 -111' 11 -115'

15 -116

p3 -22

5

- 7 -

1817 Ninth Avo. East, Calgary, Alberta .

Tom of Lumby - 3rill ?o le No. 1 ?later Yel l

3lack t o p F o i l Brown sandy s i l t - su r face water Blue sandy s i l t clay binder Slue sand with pebbles Fine t o "d. Crave1 and sand ( s i l t y ) !duo wash S lu i sh black s i l t (slum) Grey s i l t y cla-- - n l a s t i o Grey sandy silty clay Fine running sand Grey s i l t y clay Fine sand Yater bearing ( f lowing) BlUhh coa r se sand,some l a r g e g rave l s , water continuing t o flow a t app. 3 ga l lons per minute. Jaggad gravel bound i n a Slue cla;. et 115'. Strong s u l f u r smell.

Large amount of I ron pyrite

inch 1.3. production cas ing i n s t a l l e d wi th ,a 5 f t . s e c t i o n of pre a s t g rave l packed screen on bottom.

Pump t e s t e d f o r 24 h r s , ,2 a continuous r a t a of 25 gallons per minute Recovery t i m e a f t e r pump shut dawn was 8 minutes i t h a draw d m n of 45 f t .

0 flow.

Sample of water s e n t t o V i c t o r i a f o r 3 a c t o r i a t e s t and complete hcvical a n a l y s i s .

opy of Clipping from TJernon News

Vater c l e a r a f t e r 3 h r . of pumping.

9/9/54

City ?{ator For Lumby Draws Mear.

Li.J!YY, Sept.9 - Reports from t h P Yorth kanagan 3Ptalth Unit and BepaTtment of Agricul ture ead 'lerr last n i g h t , showed water from tho a r t f l s i an well D 5 e completelv s a t i s f a c t o r y €or domestic use.

12 s l i g h t smell of sulphur a t t ached t o t h e ster w i l l d i s q e r s when t he water has been exposed 3 the a i r , t r u s t p e s learned. A r e s e r v o i r will robably be b u i l t on a h i l l i n t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e n t t subdivision.

E?TDl?Ft 3Y ,

NO.l

( r e f w e n c e "Schedule of ':Cells D r i l l e d f o r O i l and Natural Cas i n S r i t i s h Columbia t o Jan. lst, 1956" published by the Department of Mines, Victor ia , B.C.

Log from samples (washed b e l m 7 6 0 ' ) on f i l e i n Dept. of Kines l a b .

tote: This was d r i l l e d as p a r t of an o i l ex7 lo ra t ioh program.

1 - 340 i4O - 700

'60 - 1000

'

LO10

1020' - 1330

1350 - '1415 i415 - 1600

L600 - 1840 1840- 1956

.

No sample8

Fine grey sil t - v e r y l i k e Okanagan and Kamloops w h i t e s i l ts - con ta ins sand and rnicacc?ous p a r t i c l e s - effervesces b r i s k l y with ac id somewhat l i k e o the r wh i l e silts - it may be d r i l l i n g mud.

Fine g r a v e l and coarse sand - q u a r t z f e l d s p a r b a s a l t and pink g r a n i t e pebbles and a f m g r a i n s of pink garne', - pebbles and c o a r s e r sand a r e water worn and gene ra l ly well rounded - appa ren t ly completely unconsolidated - broken fragments i n d i c a t e t h e presence of l a r g e r pebbles b u t t h e y are n o t numerous - mybe a l t e r n a t i n g layers of sand and f ine gravel..

Sample of fine grained sand cemented with carbonate.

Similar sand and f ine g r a v e l t o t h a t between 760 - 10001, b u t appa ren t ly poor ly consol idated by calcarRous cement. f r a g m n t of wood showing no sign of c o o l i f i c a t i o n i n sample a t 1150.

Percentage of dark b a s a l t fragments r a p i d l y increases.

100 pe rcen t h l ack fragments some of which are s l i g h t l y rounded and sane of which are comqosed of aggregates of wel l cemented f i n e r p a r t i c l e s .

Angular fragmen

A small

100 Dorcent of b lack angular fragments of basalt.

Varying q u a n t i t i e s of white angular q u a r t z and some pink g a r n e t s mixed wi th da rk rock fragments suggest that t h i s i s metamorphic basement rock..

I

*

J

4 -

'SUER34 O F

LONG\TU DINAL SECT ION JOYCE CREEK FAN DRAWN BY: HUGH NASM\TH DEPT. M \ N E S - JAN. 1959

.

L

OTES :

.. Test ho le d r i l l e d 600' by Enderby Oils encountered s e v e r a l flaws of water

2 . If t h i s t es t hole were d r i l l e d f a r t h e r w e s t it would not obtain wate r ,

3. Tony ?hddocks' wells wera d r i l l e d north of t n i s s e c t i o n boyond t he

4. Simi la r condi t ione may exist where the f o l l d n g creeks flow from t h e

under Artesian p res su re - prohably sand l e n s e s interbedded wi th l a c u s t r i n e clays - water comes from i n f i l t r a t i o n from Jayce Creek.

unless deeper than 600' . limits of the a l luv ia l fan or d e l t a a n d a r c m t e r e d on'ly g l a c i a l l ake silts and clays t o depth of 600'.

v a l l e y wall t o the valley floor - Yuntley, Glenhayes, l'aid, lkighan, Fortune, Jagco, Kendry, Glanzier , Sneesby, Hussard.

.

c I

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