habitat protection through community participation

[PROTECTING HABITAT THROUGH COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ] Final Report

H o u b a r a P r o t e c t i o n O r g a n i z a t i o n



Table of Contents

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................... 5

Preface ............................................................................................................................ 6

Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 7

Refugees Affected and Hosting Areas Programme ......................................................... 9

Goal ............................................................................................................................. 9

Objectives .................................................................................................................... 9

Programme Implementation Management ................................................................. 10

Project Area ............................................................................................................... 10

Houbara Protection Organization .................................................................................. 12

Date of Creation......................................................................................................... 12

Registration ............................................................................................................... 12

Vision Statement........................................................................................................ 13

Mission Statement ..................................................................................................... 13

Aims & Objectives ...................................................................................................... 13

Values ........................................................................................................................ 13

Active advocacy at ..................................................................................................... 14

Issues of Interest ....................................................................................................... 14

Geographical Coverage ............................................................................................. 14

Project Staff ............................................................................................................... 15

Brief Description of the Project ...................................................................................... 16

Expected Outcomes .................................................................................................. 16

Main tasks for Houbara Protection Organization ....................................................... 16

Scope of Work: .......................................................................................................... 17

District Flora & Fauna Data Collection .......................................................................... 18

Flora & Fauna of District Quetta ................................................................................ 18

Enviornment ........................................................................................................... 19

Flora of Quetta ....................................................................................................... 20

Fauna of Quetta ..................................................................................................... 20



Flora & Fauna of District Loralai .................................................................................... 22

Flora of Loralai ....................................................................................................... 23

Fauna of Loralai ..................................................................................................... 24

Flora & Fauna of District Pishin ..................................................................................... 25

Environment ........................................................................................................... 26

Flora of Pishin ........................................................................................................ 27

Fauna of Pishin ...................................................................................................... 27

Flora & Fauna of District Chagai ................................................................................... 29

Environment ........................................................................................................... 30

Flora of Chagai....................................................................................................... 32

Fauna of Chagai ..................................................................................................... 32

Conservation Committee Formation .............................................................................. 34

Conservation Committee Formation Procedure ......................................................... 34

Conservation Committee Structure ............................................................................ 34

Conservation Committees of Quetta .......................................................................... 36

Conservation Committees of Pishin ........................................................................... 39

Conservation Committees of Loralai .......................................................................... 45

Conservation Committees of Chagai ......................................................................... 51

Training Manual Development ...................................................................................... 58

Training Sessions .......................................................................................................... 59

Name of Training: ...................................................................................................... 59

Training Objective: ..................................................................................................... 59

Relevance of Training: ............................................................................................... 59

Outcomes of Training: ............................................................................................... 59

Target audience: ........................................................................................................ 59

Course pre-requisites: ............................................................................................... 60

Training duration & schedule: ........................................................................................ 60

Training methodology: ................................................................................................... 60

Course syllabus: ............................................................................................................ 60

Training Sessions in Quetta ....................................................................................... 61



Training Sessions in Pishin .................................................................................... 62

Training Sessions in Loralai ................................................................................... 63

Training Sessions in Chagai .................................................................................. 64

Success Stories and lesson learns................................................................................ 65

Conservation Committee of Panjpai Union Council ................................................... 65

Challenges, Suggestions and Recommendations ......................................................... 66

Raising Public Awareness: ........................................................................................ 66

Institutionalizing Environmental Education ................................................................ 67

Addressing Ground Water Misuse ............................................................................. 68

Managing Rangelands and Livestock ........................................................................ 69

Using Forests Sustainably ......................................................................................... 70

Photo Gallery ................................................................................................................ 72



Acknowledgement

Houbara Protection Organization Balochistan acknowledges the steady

assistance and supervision extended by Entire RAHA-RAA team.

We would like to show our appreciation to the Provincial Programme

Manager Mr. Javed Shawani for his support and guidance throughout the

project period.

Houbara Protection Organization Balochistan also pays regards for the

guidance provided by Mr. Zaheer Ahmed Durrani and Mr. Nadeem for their

help, suggestions and support in developing the training manuals,

Promotional Material brochures and booklets.

We would like to thank the regional mangers of RAHA-RAA Mr. Riaz

Mengal, Mr. Imtiaz Ahmed and Mr. Kaleem Hotak for their untiring

cooperation, Guidance and support throughout the activity.

Special Thanks also goes to the Social Organizers of RAHA-RAA

Programme who guided us in cluster formation and training plan

preparations for each cluster.



Preface

Balochistan is rich in biodiversity. Wide variations in physical features and climate have

produced diverse landscapes, ecosystems and habitats that are important to the

national and global heritage. Much of the province remains poorly investigated.

Systematic knowledge of the flora remains incomplete and a comprehensive analysis of

endemicity and species distribution and abundance has not been completed. What is

certain is that Balochistan is one of the most important wildlife regions of Pakistan, and

contains a large number of species not found elsewhere in the country.

The natural Habitat of Balochistan is severely damaged due to over hunting and illegal

Poaching. Beside this the areas where the Afghan Refugees were settled were most

effected due to the unnatural growth in the population of these areas due to sudden

huge settlements, resulting in the deforestation of the region, decrease in the

underground water levels and introduction of new diseases among the livestock and

wild animals as a result. The situation was worsened after the long drought condition

that engulfed the province since 1998 till date, resulting in the destruction of entire

ecosystem, rangelands and wildlife of Balochistan.

In the wake of these conditions RAHA-RAA Programmer initiated a project for creating

awareness about the protection of “Habitat through community Participation”. This task

was assigned to Houbara Protection Organization for formation of Conservation

Committees in the RAHA-RAA Focused districts. Under this project 12 Conservation

Committees were formed in 5 districts, and about 300 activists were trained. The

anticipated outcome of the project was that the Trained and sensitized community

activists will utilize their acquired knowledge to contribute in protecting natural habitat.

The Conservation Committees formed and trained by Houbara protection organization

showed a positive response in this regard and they complained and made eight Arab

Sheikhs for their illegal hunt of Endangered Houbara Bustard in Panjpai region, while

the conservation committees of Chagai have formed an action committee which is

devising strategy against the extensive hunting and illegal poaching in Chagai district

with the consultation of Houbara Protection Organization team.



Introduction

Balochistan has a rich history dating back to the Stone Age. Then, as now, people

depended on the natural resources of this arid region. Balochistan led the world in the

domestication of native plants and animals that now form the basis of the agro pastoral

systems and settlement patterns we see today.

Rich in natural resources yet poor in material terms, Balochistan today is a province at

the cross roads. With its wealth of biodiversity and vast reserves of natural gas,

petroleum and minerals, Balochistan has immense potential as a future success story.

There are, however, serious impediments in the path to a brighter future. Low literacy

levels, widespread poverty, poor communications and a hostile climate and terrain are

just some of the obstacles in the way. Add to this depressing picture a long history of

poor planning and unsustainable development efforts and the future prospects seem

bleaker still.

Although the Government and the people of Balochistan have made various attempts

over the years to imp rove their situation, many of these efforts have been marred by a

lack of vision and of clear priorities. As a result, development planning has been largely

sectoral, aimed at addressing short-term needs. Often, political pressures rather than

objective needs determined the planning process, benefiting a handful of people and

bypassing the vast majority. These efforts have not only failed to reduce poverty but

have led to a rapid depletion of natural resources and severe environmental

degradation.

Balochistan is rich in biodiversity. Wide variations in physical features and climate have

produced diverse landscapes, ecosystems and habitats that are important to the

national and global heritage. Much of the province remains poorly investigated.

Systematic knowledge of the flora remains incomplete and a comprehensive analysis of

endemicity and species distribution and abundance has not been completed. What is

certain is that Balochistan is one of the most important wildlife regions of Pakistan, and

contains a large number of species not found elsewhere in the country.



Balochistan has one of the largest blocks of juniper (Juniperus excelsa) forests in the

world. They cover approximately 141,000 hectares. The most extensive and best -

known examples are found in the Ziarat and Zarghoon valleys, which occur at

elevations between 1,980 – 3,350 meters. Growing conditions are harsh. The trees are

very slow growing. Consequently, these forests are believed to be among the primitive

in the world.

The province also has some of the world‟s finest wetland habitats. These are small in

number and extent, but have enhanced value when viewed in the perspective of an arid

environment. They attract a variety of waterfowl including swans, geese, ducks, grebes,

herons, and several species of waders. Zangi Nawar Lake in Chagai District is a

wetland of international importance. There are four species of threatened mammals in

Balochistan. Two are critically endangered – the Balochistan black bear and the Chiltan

markhor. Two species are endangered – the straight – horned markhor and the urial.

There are many important species of migratory birds. The Chagai Desert hosts a unique

assemblage of reptiles including six endemics and at least six others found only in the

region.



Refugees Affected and Hosting Areas Programme

The overall objective of RAHA programme is to improve livelihood, rehabilitate the

environment, and enhance social cohesion within communities of refugee-affected and

hosting areas. Public services will be improved, and policies will be made more effective

by strengthening the capacities of the government, community institutions and

vulnerable groups. The UN One Programme crosscutting issues pertaining to human

rights, gender equality, civil society engagement and refugees will be addressed.

RAHA is a five-year initiative agreed between the Government of Pakistan

(SAFRON/CCAR/EAD), the UN System, and the International Donors including EC and

implementing partners. Under the framework of One UN in Pakistan, RAHA is a Joint

Programme Component of Disaster Risk Management Joint Programme within the UN

Delivering as One.

The programme component will be implemented in five districts of Balochistan. It will

substantially improve the standard of living of Pakistanis who have been hosting Afghan

Refugees.

Goal

Refugees Affected and Hosting Areas (RAHA) programme aims to improve livelihood,

rehabilitate the environment and enhance social cohesion within communities of

refugees affected and hosting areas.

Objectives

1. Greater social cohesion

2. Improve livelihoods and local economies

3. Restoration of social services and infrastructure

4. Improve social protection among co-existing Pakistani and Afghan

Communities

5. Restoration and improvement of the environment in refugees affected areas.



Programme Implementation Management

RAHA is a Joint Programme Component Two (JPC2) of Disaster Risk

Management (DRM) programme. It has two management arrangements

1. Refugees Affected Areas and

2. Refugees Hosting Areas.

Refugees Hosting Areas component will be implemented by UNHCR and the

Refugees Affected Areas component will be implemented by UNDP.

The Planning and Development Department of Government of Balochistan is

responsible for implementation of Refugees Affected Areas (RAA) component under the

RAHA Programme. The participating UN agencies are responsible for overall project

planning, implementation, reporting and coordination. Provincial Programme Manager

works directly under the supervision of National Programme Director who is Chief

Economist under Planning and Development Department (P&DD) Government of

Balochistan.

A Programme Management Unit (PMU) has been established that serves as a

management and coordination body at the country, provincial and district level. The

major focus of PMU is to implement, facilitate, coordinate and monitor the overall

programme activities. Under the supervision of Provincial Programme Manager (PPM)

adequate expert staff has been hired i.e. Engineer, M&E expert, Communication expert,

Admin and Finance expert to manage the programme.

Project Area

Five districts that were most affected due to stay of Afghans refugees in Pakistan,

were selected for the proposed project area. These include:

S.No District UC

1 Quetta Panjpai

2 Loralai Kach Amakzai

3 Pishin Khanozai



4 Bazar Kona

5 Batezai

6 Saranan

7 Killa Abdullah Roghani1 and Roghani 2

8 Darra Daman Ashayzai & Sirki Talari

9 Chaghi Chaghi

10 Ziarat Balanosh

5 Districts 10 Ucs

The programme is being implemented in 10 union councils of these five districts which

are most affected by the Afghan refugees.



Houbara Protection Organization

HPO (Houbara Protection Organization) is a non-

profitable, non-political, non-ethnical, non-

governmental registered organization. HPO has been

working in Nag Rakshan Valley District Washuk

Balochistan since 2005 on self help basis in the field

of Environment, Community Development. HPO

believes in contribution towards building the civil

society institutions marginalized groups for a better

social political change to empower the masses.

The organization Choose Houbara as a Symbol of endangered species for the reason

this specie is National Bird of Balochistan as Declared by Government of Pakistan and

is endangered due to over hunting by the locals as well as foreigners. HPO‟s main aim

has been to bring a new focus to the daunting task of tackling Balochistan's growing

wildlife crisis. It does this by providing support and information for authorities who are

combating poaching and the escalating illegal wildlife hunting.

With a team of committed environmentalists, HPO is one of the most respected and

effective registered non-profit wildlife conservation organizations in Balochistan. The

Organization‟s Board Members include leading conservationists and Social Activists.

Date of Creation

HPO has been working in Nag Rakshan Valley District Washuk Balochistan since 2005

Registration

HPO was Registered in 27th April 2009 under the voluntary social welfare agencies

(Registration and Control) ordinance 1961 (XL VI of 1961).



Vision Statement

To undertake a holistic approach, leading to the empowerment of marginalized groups,

work for the environmental issues and protection of wild life by taping intervention in all

social sectors.

Mission Statement

Houbara Protection Organization will work in Balochistan province to preserve and protect

Wildlife specifically Houbara Bustard. HPO aims to carry out the task using participatory

approach involving Government agencies, Community and social activists. HPO works for the

socio-economic upheaval of the community as well conservation of Biodiversity.

Aims & Objectives

• Prevent Houbara Bustard & other bird species from extinction in Balochistan

Province.

• Ensure long-term ecological sustainability of all migratory bird populations.

• To Conserve Biodiversity and improve the Quality of People's lives.

• Increase socioeconomic benefits.

• Improve bird watching, breeding of endangered birds and other outdoor bird-

related experiences,

• Increase awareness of the value of migratory birds and their habitats for their

intrinsic, ecological, recreational and economic significance

Values

Mutual respect, recognizing the innate dignity and worth of all people and value of

diversity.

Equity and Justice, requiring work to ensure that everyone – irrespective of sex,

age, race, color, class and religion – has equal opportunity for expressing and utilizing

their potential.

Honesty and Transparency, requiring being accountable for the effectiveness of HPO

actions and opening in HPO judgments and communications with others.

Solidarity with poor and marginalized people, so that HPO’s only bias will be a

commitment to the interests of the poor and powerless.



Active advocacy at

Provincial/District Government Level

Grass Root Level

Issues of Interest

Protection/Preservation of Endangered Species.

Socio economic uplift of the marginalized groups.

Advocacy for the prevention of hunting of endangered species.

Conservation of Biodiversity.

Conservation of Flora and Fauna.

Geographical Coverage

Quetta Noshki Chagai Kharan

Kech Gwadar Panjgour Washuk

Qalat Khuzdar Pishin Loralai

Awaran Lesbela Mastung Ziarat



Project Staff

Houbara Protection Organization hired separate staff dedicated for the task assigned by

RAHA-RAA Programme. HPO ensured that the staff appointed for the said project

should be qualified, experienced and specialized in the relevant field.

Project Coordinator

The project was headed by Mr. Behram Jamaldini, who was the project coordinator of

Houbara Protection organization for the said Project. Mr. Behram Jamaldini has a vast

experience of managing different projects while working with different Organizations in

Balochistan. He was overall in-charge of the project, his responsibilities included

coordination with the RAHA-RAA PMU and Regional staff, Conservation Committee

formation, training event management and documentation of the project activities. He

rendered his efforts for the smooth completion of the project in an effective and efficient

manner.

Trainer

HPO hired the services of Advocate Waseem Kamran for conducting the trainings on

the subject of “Habitat Protection through Community Participation”. Mr. Waseem

Kamran is a very experienced trainer and he is in this field since last 8 years, he had

worked with different NGOs and INGOs, beside that he is a legal practitioner in

Balochistan High court.

Social Organizer

The project Coordinator was assisted by a Social Organizer, Mr. Muhammad Ibrahim,

he was responsible for making training arrangements, conducting community meetings,

social mobilization, assisting in the data collection and other activities as per need.

Support Staff

HPO also recruited an office boy and a vehicle for the project activities for the period till

the project is not complete.



Brief Description of the Project

Capacity building of community members to improve and protect natural habitats is one

of the most important components of the RAHA-RAA programme interventions. Under

the programme component several trainings were provided to the communities to

enable them to protect the natural habitats.

Community organizations (COs) in these areas will be the channel for enhancing

sustainable conservation. Based upon the initial needs assessment along with the local

knowledge and appropriate technology the capacity enhancement activities will be

carried out in the target communities.

Capacity building training on conservation will play a vital role in the protection of

endangered species. A series of capacity building events on species conservation will

be conducted in each of the five districts. Therefore, services of an expert and reputable

organization are required to plan and implement the capacity building events.

Expected Outcomes

Trained and sensitized community activists will utilize their acquired knowledge to

contribute in protecting natural habitat.

Main tasks for Houbara Protection Organization

Houbara Protection Organization was responsible for identifying and prioritizing the

capacity buildings in each specific district. . A standard manual of the proposed training

was developed and trainings were imparted through specialized conservation expert.

Houbara Protection Organization ensured the outputs of projects as expected by RAHA-

RAA Programmer.

Houbara Protection Organization staff is well trained, have requisite practical work

experience and have the indisputable repute of being highly professional.



Scope of Work:

The key activities to be undertaken as outlined below;

• Mobilize nominated community members for proposed capacity building

trainings.

• Propose and get approval of the Training work plan from Regional office and

PMU.

• Propose and get approval of the training module from PMU.

• Propose and get approval of the resource persons employed for each training

from PMU.

• Propose and get approval of the format for evaluation of training event.

• To ensure availability of raw material to all the training participants.

• To prepare and share the training report of each training with PMU within 10

working days.

• To develop criteria and carry out an assessment of training participants

before and after the training to gauge improvement.

• To carry out any other task required for the training, and/ or assigned by the

PMU



District Flora & Fauna Data Collection

One of the tasks of the project was to collect information regarding the naturally

occurring flora and fauna of the target districts, Houbara Protection Organization with

the help of forest department collected the following data about the selected districts.

Flora & Fauna of District Quetta

Quetta district lies between 30° - 03° & 30° -27' N

& 66° - 44° & 67°-18° E. The total geographical

area of Quetta district is 2653 Km2.

The general character of the district is

mountainous. The hill ranges are fairly uniform

in character consisting of long central ridges

from which frequent spurs descend. These

spurs are intersected by innumerable gorges

and torrent beds. They vary in elevation from

about 1,254 to 3,500 meters. The Mashlakh, the

Chiltan, the Murdar and Zarghoon are the important mountain ranges in the district.

There is no perennial river in the district.

The climate of the district is generally dry. Fairly arid climate prevails in the Quetta

valley. The district is situated at an altitude of 1,700 meter. Therefore, the weather is

extremely dry. The winter is very cold and the minimum temperature ranges between -

15 to -7 degree Celsius.

Summer is relatively mild and the maximum temperature ranges between 32 to 35

degree Celsius; July is generally the hottest month.

The district lies outside the range of the monsoon currents and the rainfall is scanty and

irregular. The average annual rainfall for Quetta city is 226 mm, whereas in the Hanna

area, the average is about 312 mm. In the spring and summer seasons there is very

little rainfall. The heaviest rainfall and snowfall occurs in January and February.



Enviornment

Deteriorating environment is a major issue in the district. The main environmental

problems include (i) Air Pollution (ii) Water scarcity (iii) Defective drainage and

sewerage system (iv) Deforestation (v) In-efficiencies in the management of solid waste.

Air pollution, especially in Quetta City, is the number one problem. The atmosphere in

the city is so polluted that thick layers of the lethal gases like carbon - dioxide, lead

particles, unburned hydro- carbons always exist in the environment.

Air pollution in and around Quetta city is mainly caused by the rapidly increasing

number of vehicles, especially the smoke emitted from riksha exhausts. The other

factors directly responsible for such a situation are a defective traffic management

system and limited road space.

As far as industrial pollution is concerned, brown pollution is non-existent due to

absence of big industries. However, thick black smoke can easily be seen in and around

the localities of the district. This type of pollution is emitted from power stations and

brick kilns.

With regard to grey pollution, in the areas where gas connections have not been

provided so far, grey pollution exists, because people use wood and animal dung for

fuel purposes.

• Solid waste in the Municipal area is disposed of in the following ways:

• Garbage and rubbish are collected in drains at household level.

• Then it is brought out either by family member or by sweepers to the road

dust bin.

• Dust bins are emptied by the permanent labour of Municipal Corporation and

taken out by trucks and tractors. There are 1000 permanent labourers, 22

trucks and three tractors for this purpose.

• The dust bins are disposed of in the trenching rooms, 16 Km away from

Quetta. They are auctioned by the Corporation every three months.

Water scarcity is another major problem in the district. According to WHO estimates

Quetta will run out of water within eight years if further supplies are not found.



Population growth and deficiencies in the management of water can be held responsible

for shortage of water. Similarly the sewerage and drainage system is inadequate. In the

villages and Kachi Abadies in and around the city, there are no drains. Puddles of waste

water can easily be seen everywhere. Forest reserves of Hanna, Urak and Zarghoon

are declining due to poor supervision of Forest Department.

Flora of Quetta

The major tree species found in the district are Obusht

(Juniperus excelsa polycarpos), Wild Ash (Fraxinus

xanthoxyloides) and Shina (Pistacia khinjjak). The main

shrubs and bushes are Janglee Badaam (Prunus sp.),

Sparae (Cotoneaster spp.), Tharkha (Artemisia maritime),

Crataegus spp., Oman (Ephedra nebrodensis), Makhi

(Caragana ambigua), Khakshir (Sisymbrium sophia), Zralg

(Berberis lyceum), and Surae (Rosa

spp.).

In the plains, the wasteland contains mostly Tharkha

(Artimesia meritima), Haloxylon grifithii, Gaz (Tamarix Sp.)

with sporadic mixture of edible seasonal forage plants; thus

supporting thousands of animals, both local and nomadic

ones.

Fauna of Quetta

Among mammals the common species are Suleman

Markhor (Capra falconeri), Chiltan Markhor (Capra

aegagrus), Hill fox (Vulpes vulpes grifithii), Asiatic

Jackal (Canis aureus), Cape hare (Lepus

capensis), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Afghan

Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus megalotis), etc.



Among birds the common species are Chukar (Alectoris chukar), See see partridge

(Ammoperdix griseogularis), a number of sparrows,

Finches, buntings, seasonal/migratory waterfowls,

hawks, bustards and sand grouse etc.

And among reptiles the common species are Afghan

Tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldii), Saw-scale viper

(Echis carinatus), Levantine viper (Macrovipera

lebetina), etc.



Flora & Fauna of District Loralai

The district borders on Zhob and Killa Saifullah in the north, on Pishin and Ziarat in the

west, on Kohlu and Sibi in the south and on Barkhan and Musakhel districts in the east.

It covers an area of 9,933 square kilometers. Loralai Town is at an elevation of 1,450

meters.The district consists of a mountainous area and valleys running through the

various ranges. The valleys contain alluvial accumulations while the formation of various

hill ranges consists of earth, sand and limestone. Some portions are rocky. The hill

ranges consist of rugged mountains varying in elevation from 924 to 3100 mtrs. The

main range is the Sulaiman range which runs from the Gomal river in the north to the

Indus in the south. It stretches through the district on the east in one continuous chain of

mountain peaks. The other prominent ranges are Kerasar range in the west of the

district, Murdarghar on the north of Sinjawi, Sialu which forms the south-west boundary

of the Thal plain, Dubbai on the north west corner of the same plain, Kru in the centre of

the district and Gadabar which forms the boundary of the Bori valley.

The climate of the area is dry but varies with the elevation. At high elevation it is cold

and dry with occasional snowfall and severe frosts. Whereas in the lower elevation,

especially in the south and east, temperature is more uniform but hot in summer. The

district lies outside the monsoon area, therefore the rainfall is scanty.

The area can be distributed climatically into semi-arid, sub-tropical and continental high-

lands. The winters are very cold and windy and summers are mild. Rainfall occurs twice

a year in its peak. Part of the winter precipitation is in the form of snow. In July - August

along the eastern belt on Sulaiman range, weather is dominantly influenced by the

monsoon season.

The district has a wide range of environmental and resource degradation problems. The

major problems are depletion of aquifiers, devegetation of rangelands, destruction of

wildlife habitats and depletion of wild flora and fauna. The other problems are

deforestation of watersheds, water pollution, unplanned urban growth, and unmanaged

urban solid wastes.



In the absence of industrial units there is no brown pollution. Shortage of fuels has

caused deforestation and much of the bushes and shrubs has also been used for

cooking and heating purposes. All these processes have resulted in green pollution.

The cutting of trees not only increased deforestation but also increased soil erosion and

has created problems in water shed areas.

The lack of facilities for proper solid waste management in urban areas has increased

grey pollution. In rural areas the waste is being used as fertiliser and there is no system

of collecting and disposing the solid waste.

On the conservation side there is neither any action being taken for conservation of

resources nor is there any planning for the future. The population pressure is worsening

the situation.

Flora of Loralai

The flora of Loralai is diversified the area adjoining the

Ziarat district contains major tree species like Obusht


xanthoxyloides) and Shina (Pistacia khinjjak). The

main shrubs and bushes are Janglee Badaam

(Prunus sp.), Sparae (Cotoneaster spp.), Tharkha

(Artemisia maritime), Oman (Ephedra nebrodensis),

Makhi (Caragana ambigua), Khakshir (Sisymbrium

sophia), Zralg (Berberis lyceum), and Surae (Rosa

spp.).

Whereas the area adjoining Musakhail and Kohlu districts contain main tree species like

Olive (Olea ferrugenea), Phulai (Acacia modesta), Dodonea viscosa, etc. Besides these

tree species a number of shrubs and herbs are also present in these forests as

associates; among these are Gymnosporia spinosa, Zizyphus nummularia, and Mazari

(Nannorrhops ritchiana) also known as dwarf palm.



Fauna of Loralai

Among mammals the common species are Hill fox

(Vulpes vulpes grifithii), Asiatic Jackal (Canis aureus),

Cape hare (Lepus capensis), Porcupine (Hystrix indica),

Afghan Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus megalotis), etc.

Among birds the common species are Chukar (Alectoris

chukar), See see partridge (Ammoperdix griseogularis),

Magpie (Pica pica), Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis

undulate), a number of sparrows, Finches, buntings,

seasonal/migratory waterfowls,

hawks, and sand grouse etc. The

area also provide corridor to the migratory bird species; the key

species like Common Crane (Grus grus) and Demoiselle Crane

(Anthropoides virgo).

And among reptiles the common species are Afghan Tortoise

(Agrionemys horsfieldii), Indian Cobra (Naja naja naja), Saw-

scale viper (Echis carinatus), Levantine viper (Macrovipera

lebetina), etc.



Flora & Fauna of District Pishin

Pishin was a part of Quetta Pishin district. In 1975 it was separated from Quetta for

administrative reasons. It derives its name from the locality Pishin. Pishin is a

modernised form of „Pushang‟, which is old Persian for the Arabic Fushang. Myth

attributes the origin of the name to a son of the Emperor Afrasiab and Fushing was the

spelling used in the records of the Afghan government.

Pishin district lies between 30° 04° to 31° 17° north latitudes and 66° 13° to 67° 50° east

longitudes. The district is bounded by Qila Abdullah in the north, Qila Saifullah in the

east, Quetta and Ziarat in the south and Afghanistan in the west. Its length from north to

south is about 68 km and its width from east to west ranges from 8 to 38 km. The area

of the Pishin district is 5,850 sq. km. The general character of the district is

mountainous. Its northern half is covered by Toba Plateau. The mountains are fairly

uniform, with long central ridges from which frequent spurs descend. These spurs vary

in elevation from about 1,500 to 3,300 meters.

The principal stream is the Pishin Lora, flowing from Barshore in the north-east into the

Shorarud valley near Burg Aziz Khan. Its principal affluents in Pishin are the Muchka

from the north-west, the Shorarud and the Kakar Lora. The Pishin Lora flows up to Bund

Khushdil Khan and some of the water finds its way towards the north. From there it

flows into Afghanistan.

Another stream is the Surkhab Lora. It flows from Sher Ghundi and near Shadazai it

joins the Pishin Lora. A third stream is the Kakar lora, which is composed of many small

loras and streams coming from the Takato hills. The Kakar Lore irrigates Manzaki and

three villages of Haiderzai.

The soil of district Pishin is particularly suitable for vegetation, which grows in

abundance in the spring season and provides the bulk of food for grazing animals.

Some vegetation like salsolaspp and haloxylon recurvum provide forage for goats and

sheep and fulfil the water and salt requirements for certain animals. Pistachia and

khinjak provide supplemental fodder for sheep and goats. Some of the vegetation is



used for fuel and for roofing houses, while some other vegetation is used as spices and

yet others are used as eastern medicines.

Environment

The district of Pishin is presently facing certain environmental problems, like

deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution, vanishing of wild life species, emerging

slums in urban areas, excessive use of grazing land, traffic congestion etc. The major

factors responsible for this situation are mentioned below.

Rapid population growth and particularly the influx of Afghan refugees in the early

1980‟s. The population growth rate is very high due to religious and cultural set-up. As a

result demand for fuel wood is increasing. It has been observed that ever since their

arrival, Afghan refugees damaged the forest resources in need of fuel wood. They

looped trees within the first year of their migration, cut them down in the second year

and pulled up the roots in the third year. Thus cutting down of forest trees was at a rate

higher than their growth rate.

Another environmental threat is soil erosion, mostly in the areas adjacent to Pishin lora

and Bostan. This is due to lack of flood water management and lack of plantation. Water

pollution has caused widespread waterborne and water shed diseases, like intestinal

diseases. Most of the infant deaths are due to infectious and parasitic diseases.

Due to cutting of trees and illegal hunting, wild life, such as suleman markhor, iIbex,

houbara, bustard, chukor, see-see etc., is vanishing very rapidly.

The urban population is expanding in slum areas due to the high cost of land. This has

resulted in an impoverished environment. Only a minor fraction of waste is disposed of

properly. The remainder is deposited on road sides into waterways or incorporated in

solid waste, thus causing an unhealthy living environment. In urban areas, solid waste is

mostly collected by municipal sweepers and is taken out of the city in open trucks. In the

rural areas this activity is performed by the households themselves. The collected solid

waste and garbage is used as traditional manure.



Due to absence of big industries brown pollution does not exist. It is obvious from

several discussion that the problem of environmental degradation is mostly a result of

excessive or improper use of natural resources, which arises partly from ignorance,

necessity and lack of expertise, and partly from greed or desire to make quick gains.

Flora of Pishin

The major tree species found in the district are Obusht


xanthoxyloides) and Shina (Pistacia khinjjak). The

main shrubs and bushes are Janglee Badaam (Prunus

sp.), Sparae (Cotoneaster spp.), Tharkha (Artemisia

maritime), Crataegus spp., Oman (Ephedra

nebrodensis), Makhi (Caragana ambigua), Khakshir

(Sisymbrium sophia), Zralg (Berberis lyceum), and

Surae (Rosa spp.).

In the plains, the wasteland contains mostly Tharkha

(Artimesia meritima), Haloxylon grifithii, Gaz (Tamarix

Sp.) with sporadic mixture of edible seasonal forage

plants; thus supporting thousands of animals, both

local and nomadic ones.

Fauna of Pishin

Among mammals the common species are

Suleman Markhor (Capra falconeri), Hill fox

(Vulpes vulpes grifithii), Asiatic Jackal (Canis

aureus), Cape hare (Lepus capensis), Porcupine



(Hystrix indica), Afghan Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus megalotis), etc.

Among birds the common species are Chukar

(Alectoris chukar), See see partridge (Ammoperdix

griseogularis), Magpie (Pica pica), a number of

sparrows, Finches, buntings, seasonal/migratory

waterfowls, hawks, bustards and sand grouse etc.

And among reptiles the common species are Afghan

Tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldii), Saw-scale viper

(Echis carinatus), Levantine viper (Macrovipera lebetina), etc.



Flora & Fauna of District Chagai

Chaghi/Chagai is the largest district of

Pakistan and is located on the north west

corner of Balochistan, Pakistan. It forms a

triangular border with Afghanistan and Iran.

Pakistan conducted a nuclear weapons test in

1998 at Ras Koh Hills Chagai District.

The district lies between 27°-55' to 29°-50'

north latitudes and 60°-45' to 66°-22' east

longitudes. It is located in the extreme west of

Pakistan and comprises the belt which lies

south of the Pakistan-Afghanistan boundary, from the Sarlath Hills on the east to Koh-i-

Malik Siah on the west, with a length of about 576 kilometres and an average breadth of

80 kilometers. The district is bound on the north by the desert region of Afghanistan

(which lies south of the Helmand River), on the east by the Sarlath hilly range and Kalat

District, on the south by Kharan District and on the west by Iran. The northern boundary

of the district, which separates it from Afghanistan, was demarcated in 1896 by a joint

Afghan-British Commission. The western border with Iran was demarcated by a joint

Pakistan-Iran Commission in 1959. The total area of the district is 50,545 km².

The physical features of the district vary and may be distinctly classed under three

heads, i.e., the highlands, the plains and the deserts. The high-lands comprise the

Chagai and Koh-i-Sultan ranges in the north, the Sarlath range in the eastern portion of

the district and the Mir-Jawa, Kachau and Ras-Koh hills (the highest mountain in the

district) on the south-west border.

The plain lies between Nushki and Chagai and consists mainly of alluvial soil

interspersed with tracts of sand and intersected by a low range of stony hills known as

the Bilau range. This range runs from east to west, from Nushki to Dalbandin. Small

detached hills of black limestone, which rise abruptly from the plain are also found in

many parts of this area.



The desert area lies beyond Chagai which is a waste land and consists of sandy desert

and stony plains, bordered by ranges of barren limestone and shale mountains and hills

of volcanic origin. Between Chah Sandan and Thratu and between Kundi and Mashki

Chah, there are curious crescent shaped, moving sand-hills. The number of these hills

is in hundreds. The soil of the district is moderately coarse textured, excessively

drained, highly calcareous and low in fertility.

The climate of the district ranges from extreme hot in summer to severe cold in winter.

The difference between day and night temperature is considerable and the climatic

conditions vary from area to area. Since the district falls outside the sphere of monsoon

currents, the rainfall is irregular and scanty. The annual average rainfall in the district is

104 mm measured over the years 1993 - 1995. In the same period the average

minimum temperature was 2.4 0C in January and maximum temperature 42.5 0C in

July.

Environment

Environmental pollution specially the brown pollution is almost negligible, as there is no

industrial set up or heavy traffic in the district. An environmental impact assessment

(EIA), that has been carried out for the Saindak Project has led to an NOC issued by the

Federal Environmental Protection Agency. The Environmental Impact is not hazardous

as there is no population living in that area. Sulfuric acid production is not mentioned

any more in the most recent plan which probably implies that the sulphur will be vented

through the chimney into the atmosphere in the form of sulphur oxides. The emission is

20,000 tonnes per year. In the desert conditions prevailing in the Saindak region the

sulphur oxides will mostly precipitate as dust downwind of the smelter.

The desertification process proceeds not only in this district but in the whole of

Balochistan. Desertification is caused by over-exploitation of one or several natural

resources (Pastures, Soil, Groundwater, Wood). Reducing this over exploitation implies

either (planned or spontaneous) emigration or replacement of the renewable natural

resource by a human resource-based economy (industry, tourism). The over cutting of

trees to be used as fuel, over-grazing of pastures and sinking of more tubewells for



irrigation purposes is causing desertification in the district. The water recharge is less

compared to discharge of underground water causing the water table to go down every

year.

Soil erosion by winds is causing great damage to cultivable lands in the district. In

Dalbandin particularly, the erosion is increasing as sand-storms ravage that area very

frequently.

Because the agriculture development is taking place at the cost of over exploitation of

resources, this development is not sustainable in the long run.

Potable water is not available to half of the population. The water of ponds is used both

by humans and animals. Water borne diseases are common and more preventive

measures need to be taken.

Despite its relatively low population density, Chagai has begun to suffer from a wide

range of environmental and resource degradation problems. The main areas of concern

are:

• deforestation of watersheds;

• depletion of aquifers;

• de-vegetation of rangelands, sand dune movement and desertification;

• salinisation and water-logging of irrigated areas;

• destruction of wildlife habitats and depletion of wild flora and fauna;

• destructive mining practices;

• water pollution;

• un-planned urban growth;

• un-managed urban solid wastes.



Flora of Chagai

The main vegetation types in the area

generally represent xerophytic plant

community. The tree species includes

Tamarix articulata (Ghaz), Prunus eburnea

(Mazmung), Haloxylon persicum (Taghaz).

The dominant shrubs in the region includes

Stockshia brahica (Kotor), Zygophylum

atripliciodes, Tamarix gallica (Kiri),

Astraglus hycanus, Calligonum comosom and Nanorops ritichiana (Mazri or dwarf

palm).

The shrub species generally inhibits this region at the base

hills and extends over the plains. A valuable medicinal

plant Ferula foetida (Hing) is found in foothills and

collected by local people. The saline area also consist

some plants like Salsola kali, Salsola foetida, Haloxylon

salicornicum and H. Grifthii.

Fauna of Chagai

Among mammals the common species are

Desert fox (Vulpes cana), Asiatic Jackal (Canis

aureus), Cape hare (Lepus capensis), Porcupine

(Hystrix indica), Afghan Hedgehog (Hemiechinus

auritus megalotis), etc. The area is also the

habitat of the threatened desert deer, Goitered

Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa).

Among birds the common species are Houbara



Bustard (Chlamydotis undulate), See see partridge

(Ammoperdix griseogularis), a number of

sparrows, Finches, buntings, seasonal/migratory

waterfowls, hawks, and sand grouse etc.

And among reptiles the common species are

Afghan Tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldii), Indian

Cobra (Naja naja naja), Leaf nose viper

(Eristicophis macmahonii), and lizards like

(Agamura femoralis, Stenodactylus maynardi, etc.



Conservation Committee Formation

Conservation Committees formation was actually an identification and grouping of the

activists willing to volunteer for the tasks pertaining to Habitat protection and wild life

protection.

Houbara Protection Organization Balochistan formed 12 conservation committees in

RAHA-RAA programme focused areas from within the Community Organization formed

by RAHA-RAA regional staff.

Each Conservation Committee is comprised of 25 members, and therefore a crop of

300 volunteers was tried to prepare who could work for habitat protection. The same

conservation committee members were planned to train of basic habitat protection

training.

Conservation Committee Formation Procedure

The Conservation Committee formation involved multi tiered operation, on first tier

coordination with the regional staff of RAHA-RAA was made and then with the help and

support of RAHA-RAA regional staff the COs were identified and contacted and

meetings with the COs were held in which potential members for the conservation

committees were identified.

After the Identification of the potential members, the HPO team held a meeting of all

members willing to join the conservation committee voluntarily, the members were given

a form to be filled and signed and a copy of the CNIC of each member was collected for

the record maintenance of the Conservation committee with Houbara Protection

Organization.

Conservation Committee Structure

Each Conservation Committees is comprised of 25 members from different Community

organization members formed by RAHA-RAA Programme in its focused union councils.

Each Conservation Committee is head by a General Secretary who is assisted by the

General Secretary, while rest of the activists are ordinary members of the Conservation

Committee. The Structure of the Conservation Committees is given as follows:



President

General Secretary

Executive Members

Executive Members

Executive Members

Executive Members

Executive Members



Conservation Committees of Quetta

Houbara Protection Organization Balochistan formed two conservation Committees in

Union Council Panjpai of District Quetta. The team of HPO conducted repeatitaive and

constant meetings with the CO members and representatives in Panjpai Union Council

for the formation of the Conservation Committes.

With the consultation of the CO representatives and Mr. Iqbal Satakzai, the Social

Organizer of RAHA-RAA programme following two Conservation Committees Were

formed in the Panjpai Union Council of District Quetta:

Conservation Committee Name: Panjpai Town

Total Number of members: 25

President: Habib Ullah

General Secretary: Shafee Muhammad

The Complete list of the Conservation Committee Members is as follows:

Panjpai Town

S.# Name Address Community

Organization Name

Phone No

1 Habib Ullah Killi Muhammad Khan M.Khan 2

2 Shafee Muhammad Killi Muhammad Khan M.Khan 1 0336-7119720

3 Abdul Rauf Killi Muhammad Khan M.Khan 1

4 Aman Ullah Killi Muhammad Khan M.Khan 2

5 Kaleem Ullah Killi Muhammad Khan M.Khan 1 0336-8076998

6 Muhammad Iqbal Killi Yar Muhammad 0332-7911762

7 Master Noor Hasan Killi Muhammad Hasni

0331-8504343

8 Saleem Ullah Killi Yar Muhammad

9 Mosam Shah Panjpai Youth Panjpai

10 Gul Muhammad Panjpai Smal Abad

11 Ali Ahmed Panjpai Smal Abad

12 Sayad Muhammad Panjpai 1 Panjpai 1 0331-6297675

13 M.Dawood Panjpai 1 Co. Panjpai 0333-7719138

14 Muhammad Aman Youth Panjpai Youth Panjpai 0333-7835509



15 Muhammad Rafiq Killi Muhammad Khan1

Muhammad Khan 0333-7846160

16 Ahmad shah Panjpai Youth Panjpai

17 Saeed Ahmad Panjpai Youth Panjpai

18 Habib Ullah Panjpai Youth Panjpai

19 Aurang zaib Panjpai Smal Abad

20 Ghulam Husain Panjpai Smal Abad

21 Abdul Aleem Panjpai Smal Abad

22 Muhammad Akram Killi Muhammad Khan1

Muhammad Khan 1

23 Ghulam Sarwar Killi Muhammad Khan1

Muhammad Khan 1

24 Mir Ahmad Killi Muhammad Khan1

Muhammad Khan 2

25 Mukhtyar Ahmad Killi Muhammad Khan1

Muhammad Khan 2

Conservation Committee Name: Conservation Committee Kili Rahamdil


President: Sardar M. Hanif

General Secretary: Sardar Bismila Gul


Kili Rahamdil Conservation Committee Members And Contact Numbers

S.# Name Address Community Organization Name

Phone No

1 Sardar M. Hanif Killi Sayed Abad Sayed Abad 0313-8428607

2 Sardar Bismila Gul Killi Sardar Allah Gul Killi Sing Bad 0313-8503126

3 Saif Ullah Sardar Nabi Bux BRAD Sardar Nabi Bux 0314-4325846

4 Muhammad Iqbal Sardar Nabi Bux BRAD Sardar Nabi Bux 0313-8326550

5 Sher Ali Killi Shadani Shadani 1 0312-8095297

6 Takkari Lal Bux Killi Shadani Shadani1 03138727620

7 Sajjad Ahmad Killi Shadani Shadani2 0331-8017821



8 Noor Bakhsh Killi Shadani Shadani2 0313-8365582

9 Zain-ud-Din Killi Hatath Abad Hayathabad 0313-8515308

10 Ahmad Gul Killi Azad Azad 0313-8405028

11 Aatim Khan Killi Sardar Hedel Khan Hedel Khan 0312-8028405

12 Muhammad Qasim Killi Sayad Abad Seyed Abad

13 Aman Ullah Killi Ram Dil Ram Dil 0313-84455694

14 Noor Khan Killi Ram Dil Ram Dil 0313-8317502

15 Shehzad Ahmad Killi Sardar Kach Sadal Kach 0313-8427363

16 Muhammad Alam Killi Sardar Kach Sadal Kach

17 Atta Ullah Killi Ram Dil Ram Dil 0314-8463027

18 Abdul Qadir Killi Ram Dil Ram Dil

19 Saif Ullah Killi Ram Dil Ram Dil 03144325846

20 Ghulam Jailani Sardar Nabi Bux BRDO Sardar Nabi Bux 0312-2947985

21 Alaudin Sing Band Sing Band 0313-8478744

22 Sana Ullah Killi Sardar Hedel Khan Hedel Khan

23 Abdul Wahab Killi Ram Dil Ram Dil

24 Muhammad Bakhsh Killi Ram Dil Ram Dil

25 Peer Jan Killi Ram Dil Ram Dil



Conservation Committees of Pishin

Houbara Protection Organization Balochistan formed three conservation Committees in

District Pishin comprising of the Community Organization Members of four union

Councils of Pishin. The team of HPO conducted repetitive and constant meetings with

the CO members and representatives in all the four Union Council of Pishin for the

formation of the Conservation Committees.

With the consultation of the CO Representatives and Mr. Shah Muhammad, the Social

Organizer of RAHA-RAA programme following three Conservation Committees were

formed in District Pishin:

Conservation Committee Name: U/C Bazaar Kona & Batazai Pishin


President: Muhammad Anwar

General Secretary: Atta Muhammad


U/C Bazaar Kona & Batazai Pishin

S.NO Name Address Community Organization Name

Phone No

1. Muhammad Anwar Killi Balwary Hewad welfare 0333-3876582

2. Atta Muhammad Killi Balwary Hewad welfare 0300-8386400

3. Anwar Shah Killi Balwary Hewad welfare 0307-3829105

4. Dost Muhammad Killi Balwary Hewad welfare

5. Amir Ullah Killi Pettaw Bianzai Pettaw Bianzai 0333-3904988

6. Zin Ullah Killi Pettaw Bianzai Pettaw Bianzai

7. Rafi Ullah Killi Pettaw Bianzai Pettaw Bianzai

8. Zia Ullah Killi Pettaw Bianzai Pettaw Bianzai

9. Asharaf Ali Batazai Ktkoruz 0308-8251650

10. Sultan shah Batazai Ktkoruz

11. Atta Ullah Killi Batazai Atefar 0303-2358958



12. M. Akram Batazai Atefar 0302-4354437

13. Musuer Khan Killi Torasha Ihafaq

14. Mastaf Killi Torasha Ihafaq

15. Nahfah Killi Torasha Ihafaq

16. Kalim Ullah Killi Tharte Pishin Chand Community Organization

0333-6149205

17. Ameer Muhammad Killi Tharte Pishin Chand Community Organization

0301-3782691

18. ZAfar Ullah Killi Tharte Pishin Chand Community Organization

0334-2441790

19. Wakeel Ahmed Killi Tharte Pishin Chand Community Organization

0302-3354035

20. A.Baseer Killi Tharte Bazaar Kona

Milat Community

21. Mehboob Khan Balvari Hawar –Raha 0300-3837743

22. Anman Shah Hewad Community Hewad Community 0307-3829105

23. Safaat Ullah Killi Balvari Hewad Community 0301-3919334

24. Ajab Gul Hewad Community Hewad community 0300-8926231

25. M. Hanif RAHA Killi Balvari Hewad Community 0300-8926231



Conservation Committee Name: Khanozai Pishin


President: Muhammad Yar

General Secretary: Baz Muhammad


Khanozai Pishin


Phone No

1. Muhammad Yar Khanozai Shaheen Community 0306-3994893

2. Baz Muhammad Khanozai Brishina C.O 0300-3392965

3. Muhammad Naseem Khanozai Khedmat Gaar Community

0308-3739479

4. Mujeeb –Ur-Rehman Khanozai Youth Welfare Community

0300-3821707

5. M. Naseem Khanozai Kakar. CO 0307-3895695

6. Islam-Ud-Din Khan Abad Brishna 0302-3876950

7. Mashood Ahmed Saheenzai Shaheen 0300-3821335

8. Aurangzeb Killi Dadagzai Khanozai Karwan C.O 0307-3884472

9. Shakeel Ahmed Killi Salehzai Khanozai OASIS C.D.O 0333-7807365

10. Irfan Alam Khanozai Muslim 0302-3936060

11. Habib Ullah Khanozai Shahen C.O 0302-2470082

12. Muhammad Aslam Khanozai Hamdard Community 0300-3903185

13. Nasir Ahmed Khanozai Hewad 0307-3807604

14. Muhmmad Arif Khanozai Hewad Community 0302-3879956

15. Salah Ud Din Khanozai Taj Community 0307-3847426

16. Muhammad Israel Khanozai Taj Community 0301-3715534

17. Shams-ud-Din Mangal Abad Youth C.O 0300-3805426

18. Ubaid Ullah Khanozai Khanabad Community

0300-3841907

19. Rahman Ullah Killi Khan Abad Khanabad Community

0307-3814245



20. Maqsood Ahmed Killi Rahim Abad Hamdard Community 0303-3611078

21. Mehmood Khan Khanozai Khushal.CO 0313-8823231

22. M. Haneef Khanozai Muslim Community 0333-3633297

23. Khalil Ahmed Sakezai Khanozai D.C.O 0333-6081899

24. Farhat Ullah Khan Khanozai D.C.O 0313-8333658

25. Ashfaq Ahmed Killi Salehzai Khanozai OASIS C.D.O 0333-7874005



Conservation Committee Name: Saranan


President: Abdul Hameed

General Secretary: Muahmmad Akram


Union Council Saranan


Phone No

1. Abdul Hameed Killi Haikalzai Shaista Community 0302-3873698

2. Muhammad Akram Killi Haikalzai Bazaar Community 0346-8891177

3. Abdul Sattar Killi Haikalzai Yasir C.C.O Pishin 0346-4124975

4. Basir Alad Killi Haikalzai Hewad Community 0333-7798038

5. Anaayat Ullah Killi Haikalzai Shaista Community 0302-2379567

6. Kleem Ullah Killi Haikalzai Chand Community 0333-6149205

7. Aman Ullah khan Killi Haikalzai Pak Community Haikalzai 0308-2380171

8. Ahsan Ullah Killi Haikalzai Afghan Community 0346-8893010

9. Asmat Ullah Killi Haikalzai Bhewin Welfare 0333-7866068

10. Kamal Shah Killi Haikalzai Afghan Community 0345-8917826

11. Hameed Ullah Afghan Community Itefaq Community 0346-8365403

12. Hameed Ullah Shaheen

Killi Ziarat Batazai Khidmat Welfare Community

0300-3863764

13. Kamran Khan Killi Nabi Baztazai Brishna Community 0301-3315087

14. RAfi Ullah Ziarat Batazai Saher Community 0346-8891192

15. Hamad Ullah Ziarat Batazai Killa Community 0313-8416918

16. Khair Muhammad Killi Haikalzai Khan Community 0300-3933036

17. Abdul Jabbar Abdulllah Saranan Positive Mind Organization 0321-2125005

18. Khalil saran Abdulllah Saranan Khpalwak Organization 0300-2944471



19. M. Manawar Killi Haikalzai Peace & Youth Welfare

Society 0333-7951079

20. A. Malik Killi Ziarat Batazai Ihafaq Batzazai

21. Shabir Ahmad Killi Haikal zai Pukcom 0308-3895385

22. Inayat Ullah Killi Haikal zai Shaista.CO 0302-2379567

23. Sharif uddin Killi Haikal zai Afghan. CO 0307-5007092

24. Raz Muhammad Killi Haikal zai Shaista .CO 0346-8892150

25. Muhammad Akram Killi Haikal zai Bazgar 0346-8891177



Conservation Committees of Loralai

Houbara Protection Organization Balochistan formed three conservation Committees in

Union Council Kach Amakzai District Loralai comprising of the Community Organization

Members formed by RAHA-RAA regional office in Loralai. The team of HPO conducted

repetitive meetings with the CO members and representatives for the formation of the

Conservation Committees.

With the consultation of the CO Representatives and the Social Organizer of RAHA-

RAA programme following three Conservation Committees were formed in District

Loralai:

Conservation Committee Name: Kach Amakzai 1


President: Muhammad Anwar

General Secretary: Dawood Khan


Kach Amakzai 1


Phone No

1. Muhammad Anwar Kach Amakzai New Shah Karez 0346-3381779

2. Dawood Khan Kach Amakzai New Shah Karez 0334-2323228

3. Sana Ullah Kach Amakzai Kanobi Zakhpail 0334-2325399

4. Molvi Abdul Qadir Kach Amakzai Kanobi Zakhpail 0333-7724737

5. Nadir Khan Kach Amakzai New Shah Karez 0334-2592574

6. Muhammad Qabool Kach Amakzai Kanobi Zakhpail 0301-7376036

7. Muhammad Ashraf Kach Amakzai Kanobi Zakhpail 0331-8691180

8. Muhammad Khan Kach Amakzai Kanobi Zakhpail 0303-3814673

9. Baloch Khan Kach Amakzai Kanobi Zakhpail 0334-2325399

10. Abdul Malik Kach Amakzai Dargai Zakhpail 0336-6001418

11. Ali Khan Kach Amakzai Kanobi Nasaran 0331-8355626



12. Mirza Khan Kach Amakzai Kanobi Markaz Molakhail

0343-2452152

13. Sher Jan Kach Amakzai Kanobi Zakhpail

14. Sultan Kach Amakzai Kanobi Zakhpail

15. Naseeb Khan Kach Amakzai Kanobi Zakhpail

16. Mola Dad Kach Amakzai Kanobi Markaz Molakhail

0343-2452152

17. Rahim Dad Kach Amakzai Kanobi Markaz Molakhail

0302-3401849

18. Akhtar Muhammad Kach Amakzai Darzanda 2 0344-8282014

19. Abdul Salam Kach Amakzai Darzanda 2 0308-8175862

20. Abdul Qadir Kach Amakzai Darzanda 2 0305-8210451

21. Hazrat Gul Kach Amakzai Kanobi Markaz Molakhail

0343-2452152

22. Malik Mateen Kach Amakzai Zher Karez 0334-2325795

23. Abdul Ghfoor Kach Amakzai Zher Karez 0301-7905335

24. Bakhtira Khan Kach Amakzai Zher Karez 0334-2326935

25. Duyan Khan Kach Amakzai Zher Karez





President: Muhammad Salam

General Secretary: Abdul Raziq


Kach Amakzai 2


Phone No

1. Muhammad Salam Killi Lashti Lashti2 0322-8386332

2. Abdul Raziq Killi Lashti Lashti2 0332-8092594

3. Muhammad Shafiq Killi Lashti Lashti2 0344-8233289

4. Muhammad Zarif Nari Ahgrab Nari Ahgrab 0302-3885843

5. Jan Muhammad Nari Ahgrab Nari Ahgrab 0334-2324758

6. Khan Nari Ahgrab Nari Ahgrab 0322-8192242

7. Muhammad Akram Kach Amakzai Kach Amakzai 0824-664493

8. Atta Muhammad Nari Ahgrab Nari Ahgrab 0313-8296400

9. Abdul Manan Shah karez 1 Kach Ahmedzai 0307-3714725

10. Ghulam Muhammad Shah karez3 Kach Ahmedzai 0333-5896798

11. Abdul Salam Shah karez2 Kach Ahmedzai 0334-2328470

12. Jumma khan Munira 2 Kach Ahmedzai 0334-2327204

13. Wali Muhammad Killi Shah karez Shah karez2 0334-2410722

14. Abdul Rehman Lashti Kach Ahmedzai 0331-8001793

15. Muhammad Aslam Klli Lashti Lashti1 0302-3859697

16. Muhammad Sadiq Killi Lashti Lashti1 0306-3861463

17. Faiz Muhammad Killi Lashti Lashti1 0334-8283889

18. Din Muhammad Lashti Lashti2 0306-3814937



19. Zahir Muhammad Shah karez Shah Karez 2 0334-2495053

20. Niamat Ullah Lashti Lashti1

21. Paind Khan Lashti Lashti

22. Gulab Khan Lashti Lashti

23. Irfan New Kalich Killi Abdul khliq Killi Abdul khliq 0302-3896843

24. Sahad Ullah New Kalch Killi Abdul khliq 0313-4858545

25. Abdul Hadi Shah karez New Shah karez 0301-6386082





President: Shareef-ud- Din

General Secretary: Muhib Ullah


Kach Amakzai 3


Phone No

1. Shareef-ud- Din Dargai Zakhpail Dargai Zakhpail 0334-2325275

2. Muhib Ullah Spintangi Spintangi

3. Aman Ullah Killi Chingen Killi Chingen1 0332-7986101

4. Safi Ullah Killi Arbasean U/C Kanobi 0306-8381984

5. Muhammad Yaqoob Killi Spintangi Spintangi 0331-8001332

6. Muhammad Saleem Dargai Zakhpail Dargai Zakhpail

7. Abdul Ghafoor Kach Amakzai Kach Amakzai

8. Dost Muhammad Lashti Killi Lashti Zarleen 0321-8057235

9. Malik Mosa Jan Killi Kach Amakzai Kach Amakzai 0346-8123225

10. Abdul Majeed Killi Nigang 2 Killi Nigang 2 0346-8120957

11. Noor Khan Naser Abad Kanobi 0302-3887180

12. Abdul Jabar Killi Zindawar Killi Zindawar 0321-8148122

13. Abdul Rashid Killi Lashti Zarleen Lashti Zarleen 0334-2314708

14. Abdul Sabir Killli Knor Abad Killli Knor Abad1 0308-3894326

15. Abdul Wahid Kach Amakzai Kach Amakzai 0333-5447148

16. Haji Niamat Ullah Killli Knor Abad Zindawar 0331-6371751

17. Mira Jan Killi Dargi Zakhpial Dargi Zakhpial 0334-2483755



18. Abdul Ghafoor Killi Spintangi Spintangi 0313-3832685

19. Ehsan Ullah Killli Knor Abad Zindawar 0306-3824114

20. Muhammad Khan Killi Zindawar Zindawar 0334-2443133

21. Abdul Rahim Killi Lashti Lashti Zarleen 0333-7751258

22. Abdul Ghani Wazir Khan Niganga 2 0344-8045254

23. Kala Khan Niganga 2

24. Zafar Ullah Lashti Zarleen 0332-8090282

25. Jamal Khan Niganga 2 03448045254



Conservation Committees of Chagai

Houbara Protection Organization Balochistan formed four conservation Committees in

District Chagai comprising of the Community Organization Members of two union

Councils of Chagai. The team of HPO held repetitive meetings with the CO members

and representatives in Ziarat Balanosh and Chagai Union Councils of Chagai District for

the formation of the Conservation Committees.

With the consultation of the CO Representatives and Mr. Gul Gohar, the Social

Organizer of RAHA-RAA programme following three Conservation Committees were

formed in District Pishin:

Conservation Committee Name: Killi Dasht-e- Goran Chaghi


President: Haji Hammal Khan

General Secretary: Obaid Ullah

Killi Dasht-e- Goran Chaghi


Phone No

1. Haji Hammal Khan Dasht-e- Goran (C) Dasht-e- Goran 0345-8783075

2. Obaid Ullah Dasht-e- Goran Haji Ali Khan 0332-7864407

3. Allah Nazar Dasht-e- Goran ( C) Dasht-e- Goran

4. Hameed Ullah Dasht-e- Goran ( D) Dasht-e- Goran

5. Muhammad Zahid Dasht-e- Goran ( C ) Dasht-e- Goran

6. Muhammad Arif Dasht-e- Goran ( C) Dasht-e- Goran

7. Ellahi Bukhsh Dasht-e- Goran ( C) Dasht-e- Goran

8. Khaliq Dad Dasht-e- Goran Hali Ali Khan

9. Habeeb Ullah Dasht-e- Goran Haji Ali Khan



10. Noor Ahmed Dasht-e- Goran (A) Dasht-e- Goran

11. Qadir Bukhsh Dasht-e- Goran ( C) Dasht-e- Goran

12. Sher Muhammad Dasht-e- Goran (D) Dasht-e- Goran

13. Kamal Khan Dasht-e- Goran (D) Dasht-e- Goran

14. Muhammad Ishaq Dasht-e- Goran (D) Dasht-e- Goran

15. Asmat Ullah Dasht-e- Goran Haji Ali Khan

16. Najmud Din Dasht-e- Goran (B) Dasht-e- Goran 0333-791076

17. Ameen Ullah Dasht-e- Goran (B) Dasht-e- Goran

18. Anwar Ali Khan Dasht-e- Goran (D) Dasht-e- Goran

19. Ibrahim Dasht-e- Goran ( C) Dasht-e- Goran

20. Shakeel Ahmed Dasht-e- Goran ( A) Dasht-e- Goran

21. Shabir Ahmed Dasht-e- Goran ( A) Dasht-e- Goran

22. Muhammad Alam Dasht-e- Goran (D) Dasht-e- Goran

23. Muhammad Haneef Dasht-e- Goran ( C) Dasht-e- Goran

24. Sahib Shah Dasht-e- Goran ( D) Dasht-e- Goran

25. Tariq Khalil Dasht-e- Goran CCB 0332-7853027

26. Shah Alam Dasht-e- Goran (D) Dasht-e- Goran 0333-3934086

27. Hasil Khan Dasht-e- Goran ( C) Dasht-e- Goran

28. Shafi Muhammad Dasht-e- Goran (D) Dasht-e- Goran



Conservation Committee Name: Killi Sakhi Peer Muhammad


President: Abdul Hayee Shad

General Secretary: Salim Khan


Killi Sakhi Peer Muhammad


Phone No

1. Abdul Hayee Shad Killi Sakhi Peer Muhammad 0333-7838601

2. Salim Khan Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed 0333-7826305

3. Imran Barech Killi sakhi Perr Muhammad 0333-7829114

4. Noor Ahmed Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed 0333-7843240

5. Ali Ahmed Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed 0345-8805760

6. Safar Khan Killi Sakhi Peer Muhammad 0333-7872803

7. Ali Asghar Killi Sakhi Peer Muhammad 0345-8373759

8. Ghulam Farooq Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed 0336-8538356

9. Dilbar Shah Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed 0331-7170110

10. Rahmat Ullah Killi Sakhi peer Muhammad 0332-7991033

11. Abdul Karim Killi Bajjarwal 0331-7656843

12. Abdul Basit Killi Padagil Khan 0344-8022933

13. Abdul Haq Killi Haji Ali Ahmed 0334-8022933

14. Azmat Ullah Killi Haji Ali Ahmed C.O 4 0332-7222404

15. Paind Khan Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed

16. Sultan Khan Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed

17. Shakil Ahmed Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed

18. Atha Ullah Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed



19. Qadir Bakhsh Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed

20. Agha Muhammad Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed 0333-8323170

21. Sher Muhammad Killi Padagil Khan

22. Mulla Nazar Muhammad

Killi Padagil Khan

23. Mir Ilyas khan Killi Padagil Khan

24. Hazoor Bakhsh Killi Padagil Khan

25. Shakoor ahmad Killi Sardar Ali Ahmed

Conservation Committee Name: Killi Namat Ullah


President: Elahin Bakhsh

General Secretary: Wazir Ahmed


Killi Namat Ullah


Phone No

1. Elahin Bakhsh Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

2. Wazir Ahmed Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

3. Mir Madad Khan Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

4. Haji Pasand Khan Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

5. Rahimud Din Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

6. Asghar Ali Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

7. Raham Dil Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

8. Najamud Din Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

9. Murad Khan Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah



10. Muhammad Sadiq Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

11. Gul Ahmed Jan Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

12. Rasheed Ahmed Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

13. Noor Ahmed Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

14. Jawed Shah Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

15. Tor Khan Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

16. Muhammad Hayat Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

17. Muhammad Ishaq Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

18. Zainul Abidin Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

19. Nawab Shah Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

20. Yaseen Shah Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

21. Dawlat Shah Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

22. Babul Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

23. Aziz Ullah Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

24. Nizam ud Din Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah

25. Arz Muhammad Killi Namat Ullah Namat Ullah



Conservation Committee Name: Killi Haji Kochal Khan


President: Muhammad Asif Baloch

General Secretary: Hameed Khan


Killi Haji Kochal Khan


Phone No

1. Muhammad Asif Baloch

Killi Haji Kochal Khan Haji Cochal Khan 0331-8026140

2. Hameed Khan Killi Muhammad Raza Killi Muhammad Raza 1

3. Laajbar Khan Killi Malik Dil Murad Killi Malik Dil Murad 4

4. Rahman Khan Killi Muhammad Raza Killi Muhammad Raza 1

5. Baqi Killi Haji Homath Killi Homath

6. Husain Ahmed Killi Umaith Killi Umaith

7. Ali Murad Killi Haji Muhammad Raza Killi Muhammad Raza

8. Waseem Khan Killi Mir Khan Jan Killi Mir Khan Jan 0332-7820227

9. Gul Ahmad Killi Malik Dil Murad Killi Malik Dil Murad

10. Sadiq Ali Killi Malik Dil Murad Killi Malik Dil Murad

11. M. Younis Killi Malik Dil Murad Killi Malik Dil Murad 2

12. Shaikh Zahid Killi Malik Dil Murad Killi Malik Dil Murad 2

13. M. Aslam Killi Malik Dil Murad Killi Malik Dil Murad 4

14. Mir Shakeel Ahmed Killi Mir Khan Jan Killi Mir Khan Jan

15. Attaullah Killi Kocail Khan Killi Kocail Khan

16. Qadir Bakhsh Killi Kochal Khan Killi Kochal Khan

17. Mir Muhammad Murad Hassani

Killi Malik Dil Murad Killi Malik Dil Murad

18. M. Kareem Killi Haji Muhammad Raza Killi Haji Muhammad Raza



19. Nasheer Ahmed Killi Malik Dil Murad Killi Malik Dil Murad

20. Muhammad Dawood

Killi Malik Dil Murad Killi Malik Dil Murad

21. Waheed Ahmed Killi Kochal Khan Killi Malik Dil Murad

22. Muhammad Sadiq Killi Kochal Khan Killi Malik Dil Murad

23. Ashraf Noor Killi Kochal Khan Killi Kochal Khan

24. Sadam Khan Killi Kochal Khan Killi Kochal Khan

25. M. Usaman Killi Kochal Khan Killi Kochal Khan



Training Manual Development

Training Manual development was an important and difficult task in this project. It was

because of the fact that there are not much experts on the field of training module

developers in the field of Habitat protection and development of a module for a very

basic training is little cumbersome as the topic itself is quite advanced for the people

who are either illiterate or have no idea about habitat protection previously.

Houbara Protection organization took the services of Mr. Ali Imran as a consultant for

the development of a training module for Habitat protection for the conservation

committee members of HPO.

Mr. Ali Imran is the Chief Forest Conservation Officer in Government of Balochistan and

is one of the most experienced officer in this field.

The training module was developed in urdu language and all natural habitat, mammals,

reptiles and birds discussed in this manual are those which naturally occur the areas

where these trainings were supposed to be conducted. The training manual was

comprised of following chapters:

1. Introduction & Significance of Natural Habitat

2. Introduction, Significance & Identification of Natural Habitat

3. Introduction, Significance and identification of different mammals

4. Introduction, Significance & identification of different types of reptiles

5. Introduction, Significance & identification of different types of Birds

6. Different methods of habitat protection including the few basic laws regarding

habitat protection



Training Sessions

Houbara Protection Organization, organized 12 training sessions for the conservation

committees formed in the target areas of RAHA-RAA programmes. The details of the

training sessions are given below.

Name of Training:

One day Course on Awareness Raising for Habitat Protection/Wildlife Conservation, for

selected community members, in Refugees Affected & Hosting Areas.

Training Objective:

1. Awareness raising and sensitizing target audience for wildlife conservation.

2. Preparation of training module specific to the project area situation.

3. Experience exchange in wildlife situation.

Relevance of Training:

The training is capacity building initiatives and relevant with the requirement of the project.

Outcomes of Training:

The training is capacity building initiatives and will result in the following outcomes:

Community members awarded for wildlife conservation.

Development of a core group of community members, which subsequently could

be utilized in survey & census of wildlife.

Development of training module, which could be utilized for replicating the

training in future.

Semi-structured interviews from selected training participants would help in

experience exchange.

Target audience:

The training sessions was intended for the conservation Committees formed from the

members of Community organization. The training sessions were designed for the initial

level introduction about habitat protection and the significance of habitat and wildlife.

The training also included the session regarding the hazards and negative effects of

destruction of natural habitat.



Course pre-requisites:

Minimum educational background of Urdu literate (read and write).

Training duration & schedule:

The training event is comprised of minimum 5 hours.

S# District No of Trainings Participants

per Event

Total Participants

1 Quetta 2 25 50

2 Chagai 3 25 75

3 Pishin 3 25 75

4 Loralai 3 25 63

5 Killa Abdullah 1 25 25

Total 12 300 300

Training methodology:

Interactive structured Lectures through multimedia.

Distribution of training material for reference and record (in Urdu Language).

Semi structured interviews with selected community members for experience

exchange.

Course syllabus:

Introduction to the importance of Habitat/wildlife protection and role of Community

Organization.

Introduction to Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat types of Balochistan.

Introduction to large mammals of Balochistan.



Introduction to resident and migratory birds of Balochistan.

Introduction to reptiles of Balochistan.

Training Sessions in Quetta

Houbara Protection Organization Balochistan hired a very experienced and comepetent

trainners Mr. Waseem Kamran for delievering the trainings. In Union Council Panjpai

district Quetta, HPO organized two trainings for the two conservation committee it

formed from the community organizations of RAHA-RAA.

One training of 25 members was organized in Panjpai Town in the guest of Mr. Malik

Dawood. The other training for the other 25 members of the second Conservation

Committees was organized in Kili Rahmdil Panjpai in the guest house of Mr. Haji Hanif.

The detailed reports of each training were already provided to the concerned regional

manager of RAHA-RAA and Monitoring and evaluation officer Mr. Zaheer Ahmed

Durani.

S# Venue No of Participants Date

1 Panjpai Town 25 18 Dec 2010

2 Kili Rahmdil Panjpai 25 20 Dec 2010



Training Sessions in Pishin


trainners Mr. Waseem Kamran for delievering the trainings. HPO organized three

trainings for the two conservation committee it formed from the community

organizations of RAHA-RAA in District Pishin.

One training for 25 members was organized in Khanozai in the guest of Mr. Obaid Ullah

The other two training for the conservation committees of Saranan, Bazar-e-Kona and

Batezai members of the other two Conservation Committees were organized in

Sabawoon Welfare Society Office and Social Welfare Department Office Pishin Town.



Durani.


1 Khanozai 25 25 Dec 2010

2 Social Welfare Office Pishin 25 20 Dec 2010

3 Sabawoon Office Pishin 25 20 Dec 2010



Training Sessions in Loralai





Three trainings for each three conservation Committes comprisingof total 75 members

was organized in Tabaaq Hotel Loralai Bazar.



Durani.


1 Tabaaq Hotel Loralai Bazar 25 1 Jan 2011





Training Sessions in Chagai





One training for 25 members was organized in Khanozai in the guest of Mr. Obaid Ullah

The other two training for the conservation committees of Saranan, Bazar-e-Kona and

Batezai members of the other two Conservation Committees were organized in

Sabawoon Welfare Society Office Pishin Town.



Durani.


1 Dasht-e-Goran 25 7 Jan 2011

2 Kili Nematullah 25 9 Jan 2011

3 Kili Haji Kochal Khan 25 13 Jan 2011

4 Kili Sakhi Peer Muhammad 25 16 Jan 2011



Success Stories and lesson learns

The conservation Committees formed and trained were aimed to protect the natural

habitat and wild life on community basis and entirely of volunteer basis. Though it will be

premature to say that from this early stage the community may show the desired

results, but the results and dedication shown by some conservation committees was

really worth mentioning as a success story.

Conservation Committee of Panjpai Union Council

HPO formed two Conservation Committees in Panjpai Union Council of District Quetta,

one conservation committee was comprised of the Community Organization members

of Panjpai Town and other from the suburbs and villages spread till Pakistan-

Afghanistan Border areas. The second Conservation committee which was named as

Conservation Committee Killi Rehamdil, headed by Sardar Hanif Qalandarani and

Sardar Bismillah Gul Sasoli. These conservation committee members imposed ban on

illegal hunting and poaching in their areas using their tribal influence. This ban on

hunting and poaching is strictly imposed by using their tribal status and support of their

tribe.

After just three days of the imposing the ban on hunting and poaching some Arab

Foreigners and their local associates without any official permission from Government

of Pakistan installed a camp for hunting the migratory Bird Houbara Bustard. As a result

the conservation committee members registered an FIR with the Levis Force of the area

and get those foreigners and their local associates arrested.

This incident was quoted on national and international Media and all news papers and

tv channels aired this news.



Challenges, Suggestions and Recommendations

Houbara Protection Organization found many challenges and issues concerning habitat

protection and wildlife conservation while working among the communities in rural areas

and urban settlements. Therefore it‟s worth mentioning that following issues and

recommendations need to be addresses in order to obtain sustainable results.

Raising Public Awareness:

Raising public awareness of environmental issues in Balochistan is a formidable

challenge. With a literacy rate of a mere 26.6 percent, an inadequate road network, a

multilingual population and a dominant rural - tribal social set-up, getting the message

across is not an easy task.

Traditional channels, such as news papers, have limited readership and penetration.

Coverage of issues such as the environment on television is inadequate. Although

television is a popular medium in Balochistan, it is widely viewed as a medium for

entertainment. Programmes on serious topics attract few viewers and with satellite

television, viewers have the luxury of switching channels. The rare exception to this rule

is travel programmes, which are popular and can be used to encourage ecotourism.

A vast majority of the population owns radio sets, but the duration of the local

transmission is not even sufficient to provide entertainment. However, if proper training

in covering and presenting environmental issues is provided, radio broadcasts can play

a significant role in raising awareness.

In a traditional society like Balochistan informal channels of communication are more

important than formal ones. Religious leaders, tribal elders, members of jirgas, teachers

and people commanding respect in society are the opinion leaders in a predominantly

tribal set-up. Convincing these people of the worth of the environment and enlisting their

assistance can result in positive changes in attitude towards the conservation and

management of natural resources.

Traditional fairs, such as the Sibi Mela, are attended by a large number of people and

can serve as focal points for the dissemination of messages. These gatherings can be



tapped to bring people from different ethnic groups together, networking between

producers, traders and consumers, and introducing environment-friendly technology for

the sustainable use of natural resources.

The private sector, especially the Balochistan Chamber of Commerce and Industries

and various traders' organizations, could play a major role in these efforts.

Establishing, strengthening and institutionalizing women's groups to share and

disseminate environmental information will raise public awareness of environmental

issues. It will also help to introduce innovative approaches towards sustainable resource

use. The bottom line is that many actors, traditional and nontraditional, will need to get

involved in raising awareness.

Institutionalizing Environmental Education

Balochistan has the lowest lite racy rate in Pakistan, an abysmal 26.6 percent ove rall.

While 36.5 percent of males were categorised as literate in the 1998 census, the female

lite racy rate was a mere 15 percent.

According to the census, about a million persons were found to be either attending

some educational institution or had done so in the past. Many schools, especially girls'

schools, do not have teachers, appropriate buildings or furniture. The syllabus,

meanwhile, remains inconsistent with the emerging needs of the time. The situation is

even worse in the rural areas.

In this dismal scenario, environmental education has obviously taken a back seat. As

literacy is a crucial factor in awareness rising, the issue requires special emphasis. One

idea is to deploy school children as carriers of messages. In this context, investments

will have to be made to ensuree quitable access to primary education for both boys and

girls and provide opportunities for their continued education.

Refresher courses for teachers, especially with a focus on environmental education, will

have to be arranged. Many girls' schools are non-functional due to the paucity of female

teachers. Special incentives and facilities will have to be provided to encourage women

to teach in the rural areas of the province.



NGOs are playing a vital role in the field of formal as well as non-formal education. It is

important to build their technical and institutional capacity to allow them to play a greater

role in the educational field.

The curriculum of public and private educational institutions needs revision in the light of

theprinciples and guidelines of environmental education.

Environmental education perse has never been introduced in formal educational

institutions. There is no environmental engineering department in the unive rsities or

environmental health department in the medical college. However, environmental

education as a theme is part of the curricula, especially of private schools. The

Balochistan Textbook Board and the Bureau of Curriculum have initiated efforts to

incorporate environmental concerns into the syllabi of public sector schools. However,

lack of appropriate capacity is a major obstacle. The provincial government intends to

invest in capacity building of teachers and master trainers for environmental education.

Addressing Ground Water Misuse

Balochistan is primarily arid with an average precipitation level below 250 mm per

annum. Total cultivated land (2.09 million hectares) constitutes only 6 percent of the

geographical area of the province, of which only 580,000 hectares are irrigated through

perennial water sources. However this irrigation water is misused. The remaining land is

rain fed or flood irrigated. Low precipitation not only affects ground water levels but also

irrigated agriculture. Crops grown under these conditions are obviously of poor quality

and yields are low.

The indiscriminate use of tube wells has created its own problems. Owners of orchards

typically sink tube wells, run them round the clock on electricity charged at a flat rate,

and irrigate their orchards to produce fruits worth thousands of rupees. What most

growers have failed to understand, however, is that ground water is a finite resource.

Their actions have led to a decline in the level of ground water in many places and an

acute shortage of water, even for drinking purposes.



Today, these orchards have withered because of the unavailability of water. The same

ominous scenario is gradually unfolding in Quetta Valley where the issue of drinking

water is becoming a most crucial one.

Issues such as ground water and irrigation efficiency are primarily of a systemic nature.

However, there is hardly any reliable information available to facilitate the precise

planning and management of water basins. There is an urgent need for a basin-specific

water management system involving community participation.

Karezes, traditionally a very effective source of water, are drying up due to the

installation of tube wells and dug wells, lack of maintenance, and droughts in the

province. This trend is more visible in areas with orchards. There is a need to review the

policy on tube wells and to revamp karezes.

Improving coordination and research in this area is also recommended. Establishment

of a Water Board for the planning and management of each water basin will be a useful

step towards sustainable use of groundwater and an efficient irrigation system.

Managing Rangelands and Livestock

Approximately 79% of the area of Balochistan can be categorised as rangelands. This

area fulfils 90% of the feed requirements of small ruminants, 40% of pack animals and

5% of cattle in the province. Rangebased livestock farming is a major source of

livelihood for people living in the rural areas.

Six main breeds of sheep – Bibrik, Balochi, Harnai, Rakhshani, Kakri and Mengali – are

found in Balochistan. The Pahari, Kajli, Khurasani and Lehri types of goats are kept for

their hair and meat while Barbari and Kamori cross-breeds are kept for milk production.

Cattle breeds include Bhagnari, Lohani and Red Sindhi. These breeds adapt well to

local conditions. The only buffalo breed found in the province is Kundi. Camels are of

the Mahari, Bari or Ladu breed.

An increase in the number of live stock is considered a barometer of success in live s to

ck management. The result is that there are some 20 million small ruminants in the

province, a number that is six to seven times greater than the actual carrying capacity of

the province's rangelands. This results in severe overgrazing and puts enormous

pressure on already rapidly degrading rangelands.



Inadequate nutrition results in high mortality, high parasitic infestation rates and stunted

growth. Due to these reasons, livestock owners sustain high losses, especially during

droughts. Due to unsustainable and excessive grazing in rangelands, almost all

vegetation has been stripped resulting in increased wind erosion, excessive run off of

rainwater, low recharge of water basins, loss of topsoil and nutrients, and an overall

degradation of pasturelands.

Traditional breeds are not very profitable because of their low weight. However, new

breeds introduced in the province have not been able to adapt due to the harsh climate,

scarcity of feed, and inadequate veterinary health services. There is a need to introduce

more productive and adaptive breeds so that quality instead of quantity can be

emphasized.

Using Forests Sustainably

For thousands of years, the people of Balochistan have based their survival needs on

forests and the flora and fauna they spawned. Trees and shrubs were traditionally used

for fuel and construction materials and herbs for food and medicine. In recent years, the

forests of Balochistan have been facing serious threats.

Given its varied topography and climate, there are a number of distinct types of forests

in the province. A limited number of trees are grown in irrigated plantations in Lasbela,

Sibi, Zhob, Pishin and Quetta Districts. The remaining areas, except for state lands, are

considered common property.

The primary use of these lands is for pastoral purposes, but they also serve as wildlife

habitat and play a valuable role in recharging groundwater.

The major type of forest in Balochistan is the coniferous forest; this includes the

chilghoza (pine nut) and juniper forests. The province has one of the largest juniper

forests of its kind, covering 141,000 hectares, with the best examples in the Ziarat and

Zarghoon valleys.

Alarmingly, the already limited forest cover is being rapidly cleared for agriculture

(especially orchards), the construction of houses and roads, and for commercial

purposes. The cutting of trees and their branches is increasing for their use as timber,



fuelwood, fencing material and for thatching. Parasitic infestation, viruses and other

diseases are also continuous threats to these forests. Natural regeneration, meanwhile,

is almost insignificant due to heavy grazing in these areas. The loss of centuries-old

juniper trees in Ziarat, Quetta, Sibi, Loralai and Kalat districts is an example of

communities' priorities, in which immediate needs triumph over the long-term

requirements of conservation.

A decrease in forest cover does not simply mean the loss of trees but also the loss of

other flora and fauna dependent on these forests. If habitats are not available, how can

wildlife survive?

Given the current situation, it is imperative to initiate a protected areas system plan in

the province. Farm and community forestry has not been widely practised in

Balochistan. Promotion of such forestry can help reduce the pressure on natural forests.

Much of the data on forests is derived from secondary sources, and is of limited use for

planning and management of forests. The traditional protective approach of the Forest

Department is clearly not viable any more. There is a need for collaborative forest

management with the active participation of communities. The Forest Department also

needs reorientation and restructuring to play a more effective role. For this purpose, a

management and operational review, capacity building and strengthening of the

department is of crucial importance.



Photo Gallery

Panjpai Training Sessions



Pishin Training Sessions



Loralai Training Sessions



Chagai Training Sessions

habitat protection through community participation

Documents