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Hackney Community Law CentreAnnual Report 2012

Award winning legal servicesto the community

Hackney Community Law Centre8 Lower Clapton Road

London E5 0PD

Tel: 020 8985 5236Fax: 020 8533 2018

Email: [email protected]

Telephone Advice Line020 8985 8364

Designed by Liz Woodroffe Email: [email protected] Registered charity number 1016171

www.hclc.org.uk

Sean Canning,Manager and IanRathbone, Chair

03 Chair and Manager’s Welcome

04 January & February 2012

06 Focus on Immigration

07 March, April & May 2012

09 Focus on Housing

10 June & July 2012

12 Focus on Welfare Benefits

13 Intern and Volunteer Programme

14 Summer Reception

16 August, September & October 2012

18 Focus on Debt

19 Donations Report

20 November & December 2012

22 In the News

24 Financial Report

25 Staff & Trustees

26 Statistics

2012 HCLC Annual Report 03

WELCOME

Contents

Welcome to the 2012 Annual Report of the Hackney Community Law Centre!

Hackney Community Law Centre (HCLC) is a charityemploying solicitors and paralegals to provide free and

independent legal advice and representation to peopleliving, working or studying in the London Borough of

Hackney and neighbouring boroughs. We also aimto highlight injustice that we find in individual

cases to bring about social change at local andnational government levels.

As we approach the end of 2012, I am pleased to report thatthe Law Centre has been at the forefront of efforts to ensurethat local residents in Hackney are able to access high qualitylegal advice services against a tough economic background ofcuts in funding and the ongoing challenges presented by thegovernment’s welfare reforms.

Following the passage of the Legal Aid,Sentencing and Punishment of OffendersAct (LASPO) earlier this year, many areasof social welfare law including debt,employment, immigration and welfarebenefits will be removed from the scope ofpublic funding from April 2013. These cutswill significantly impact on our services.

I would like to thank the staff for their hardwork and energy throughout the year. Icongratulate our housing solicitor PaulHeron who won the Law Society’sExcellence Award for In-House Solicitor of

the Year. Congratulations to DianeMorrison for becoming our latest solicitorto come from training. We have alsocontinued to benefit from the wealth ofexperience of Nathaniel Mathews (whoalso writes a highly respected and effectiveblog) and Wendy Pettifer as seniorsolicitors, along with Val Thomas, HiltonVon Herbert and Hope Olugbola whohave also helped to contribute to the highstandard of work we carry out for thepeople of Hackney. Miranda Grell hastaken a new role as development officerand hit the ground running in terms of

raising our profile, developing the website,generating publicity, raising funds andhelping to get the new ‘Pop-up shops’ offthe ground. We are grateful to the LondonBorough of Hackney, London LegalSupport Trust and London Councils forfunding this vital post.

Sadly, we are saying goodbye to somecolleagues, Chorouk El-Adib, MaggieCrowley and Olu Adenuga. We wish themall the very best for the future.

Our Law Centre could also not achieve allthat it does without its volunteers and so Iwould also like to thank them for theirimpressive commitment as well as mycolleagues on the Board of Directors.Finally, I would like to thank all our fundersfor their support and interest in our work.

Ian Rathbone, ChairDecember 2012

This has been my first year at the Law Centre and it’s been aneventful one for the Law Centre and our users. Above all, ourmain priority – for staff, members and volunteers – is tosucceed as a ‘business’ so that we are able to continue torespond to the needs of our users and the community we serve.

While much of the recent narrative hasfocussed on the impact of the LSC legal aidreforms, our business plan has focussed onsecuring new and innovative fundingstreams to create and sustain viableservices which meet the needs of thepeople we serve. We were successful insecuring significant help from the BigLottery Advice Fund, which has helpedmaintain and expand our services.

Among our achievements in 2012have been the following:• We helped close to 3000 Hackney

people during the year through face-to-face and telephone advice, ongoingcasework and representation across allareas of social welfare law.

• Our new Community ‘Pop Up Shop’advice service at Hackney Central Libraryhas so far helped over 300 residents withlegal problems covering debt,employment, housing and welfarebenefits thanks to funding from MatrixChambers;

• We secured funding from the Trust forLondon to launch our new employmentadvice service;

• We secured funding to develop ourvolunteer and intern programme for thenext two years.

• We have worked to build alliances andpartnerships with colleagues from otherlaw centres and community organisationsto secure additional funding opportunitiesto create sustainable services for Hackney.

Where do we go from here?In spite of the funding challenges ahead,we have a clear vision for the future drivenby our values and principles based onaccessibility, quality and achieving goodoutcomes for users. In concert with ourpartners, we have been able to developnew services which will help us tackle theimpact of poverty and help people exercisetheir legal rights to improve their quality oflife. I thank my colleagues (both paid staffand volunteers) for their staying power andcommitment. 2012 has been anothertough but worthwhile year. 2013 looks likeit will be just as tough, but we know thattogether with our colleagues elsewhere inthe advice sector and others in thecommunity we will continue to provide thekind of service and access to justice thepeople of Hackney expect and should have.

Sean Canning, ManagerDecember 2012

Volunteer Simon Bowen andDevelopment Officer MirandaGrell receive cheque from MatrixChief Executive Lindsay Scott

Matrix Chambers helps set up newCommunity Law ShopsIn February, Matrix Chambers made asignificant donation to HCLC to supportthe work we were doing to set up our new‘Community Law Shops’ pop-up adviceservice in Hackney. The provision of extraadvisors in the Community Law Shops –supported and supervised by currentHackney Community Law Centre (HCLC)staff- is a key component of HCLC’s effortsto engage with the needs of the localHackney community. Through its special‘Causes Fund’, Matrix donated £7,200 overtwo years towards the expenses ofvolunteer solicitors and the proposedHackney Community Law Centre’s‘Community Law Shops’ for their first twoyears of operation.

HCLC welcomes new managerIn January, HCLC welcomed Sean Canningto the Centre as our new manager.Sean, who has managed North KensingtonLaw Centre for the past eight years, tookover from Matthew Howgate (picturedright) who had been interim manager since2009. Welcoming Sean’s appointment,HCLC Chair Ian Rathbone (pictured left)said: “Sean will bring a cutting edge to ourwork of making sure that everyone hasaccess to justice and I am looking forwardto continuing and expanding our work withhis expert help”.

HCLC launches new websiteIn January, HCLC also unveiled a newwebsite (www.hclc.org.uk), designed for uspro bono by Jon Worth of Tech Politics(www.techpolitics.eu). Alongside providingthe critical information potential clientsneed to find out how we can help them,the website also integrated HCLC’sfacebook and twitter pages and nowcontains a special ‘Chair’s blog’ where ourChair Ian Rathbone posts stories andcomment of interest to people who careabout Law Centres and access to justiceissues. Visit the website at www.hclc.org.uk


STORIES OF THE YEARJanuary & February 2012


Mrs Ama wins 9 year longimmigration case!In 2009, Mrs Ama and her son Kwasiapproached HCLC in despair after havinghad been let down by four otherimmigration solicitors. HCLC immediatelyagreed to take on the case and spent thenext three years seeking answers from theHome Office. In January, Mrs Ama andKwasi were finally granted leave to remainin the UK. Mrs Ama’s HCLC caseworkerMaggie Crowley said: “After a long delayand much hardship suffered by our clients,I am delighted that the Home Office hasgranted our clients indefinite leave toremain in the UK. Our clients can now geton with their lives safe and secure in theknowledge that Hackney will continue tobe their home”.

‘...we were delighted that a carer mum and her vulnerable autisticson would be allowed to remain living in Hackney after HCLC helped

them win an immigration appeal that had lasted nine years!’

“After a long delay and much hardship suffered by ourclients, I am delighted that the Home Office has granted

our clients indefinite leave to remain in the UK. Our clientscan now get on with their lives safe and secure in the

knowledge that Hackney will continue to be their home”.

Mrs Ama and Kwesi

Ian Rathbone and Matthew Howgate welcomenew manager Sean Canning

HCLC launches Youth Homelessness projectIn February, Hackney Community Law Centre launched a new advice service for youngpeople aged 16-24. Chorouk El-Adib, trainee solicitor, began working alongside advice &advocacy workers from Off Centre to provide specialist legal advice to young people atrisk of eviction, homelessness, rent arrears and other related problems.

2012 HCLC Annual Report 0706 HCLC Annual Report 2012

FOCUS ON IMMIgRATION

2012 was another challenging year forHCLC’s immigration unit as we continuedto respond to the growing demand forimmigration advice across the borough.

Our casework showed a high demand forasylum advice, family reunion anddomestic violence. Our drop-in andtelephone advice service continued to beoversubscribed. The team forged andmaintained links with externalorganisations such as the Hackney MigrantCentre (HMC) and the HackneyInformation & Advice Consortium (HIAC)whom we work closely with to ensure aswide a provision of specialist immigrationadvice services as possible.

Following the introduction of the Legal AidSentencing and Punishment of OffendersAct (LASPO) immigration work will beremoved ‘from scope’ except for clients indetention. This will lead to reduced accessto immigration advice in Hackney hittingthe most vulnerable members of theborough.

Sadly, in 2012, we said goodbye to YvonneStevens, immigration solicitor. We alsosaid farewell to Maggie Crowley,immigration caseworker. We wish themboth all the very best.

ABENA AMA’S IMMIGRATION TESTIMONIAL

My son Kwasi suffers from autism and mental health problems. He needs specialcare and education. For the last nine years, the Home Office have been trying todeport us to Ghana, a country I left thirty years ago when I was seventeen. I don’tbelieve that in Ghana there would be a special school or day centre for Kwasi. Theydon’t have the facilities to be able to value autistic children like they do here in theUK. Although Kwasi’s behaviour can be challenging, our neighbours and other localpeople have been encouraging and supportive. People like him here and are friendlyto him; he knows the neighbours and they say hello. For years, I spent a lot ofmoney on solicitors who were no help at all, and we had to suffer the constantinsecurity of one court hearing after another. But Hackney Community Law Centrewere very helpful. They took us on in 2009 and fought our case for three years, freeof charge. In 2012, they helped us to finally win our appeal. Kwasi and I now havesome stability and a future.

STORIES OF THE YEARMarch, April & May 2012

HCLC welcomes new patronsIn March, we were delighted to unveil ourfirst official patrons. HCLC’s new patrons allhave a connection to Hackney – eitherhaving lived or worked here. The newpatrons have also all been actively involvedin campaigning in the public arena onsocial issues such as housing andimmigration, which are the areas ofspecialist legal advice we provide.

Louise Christian, high profile human rightssolicitor, visited the Centre shortly after herappointment as a HCLC patron. Louisesaid: “As a Hackney resident and longstanding admirer of Hackney CommunityLaw Centre, I am very pleased to have beenasked to become a patron and support thesplendid work HCLC is doing. I hope tocontribute to the work of the Law Centrepersonally by volunteering at HCLC’s newcommunity legal advice sessions. The workthat Hackney Community Law Centre isdoing is enormously important for ourcommunity”.

On being asked to become a patronjournalist Jon Robins said...“I would be delighted to be a patron. Infact, I am flattered to be asked to beinvolved with such a brilliant organization. Iknow that the Law Centre is a lifeline formany poor and vulnerable people inHackney and it is shocking to me that sucha vital service is under attack. I used to liveoff Clapton Square - so it’s an area I knowwell. It is an absolute scandal what’shappening to Law Centres. The scrappingof legal aid for social welfare law isshocking. As a journalist I’d like to try toensure that those issues continue to bediscussed”.

On being asked to become a patronPeer Lord Low CBE said...“I would be delighted to become a patronof HCLC and support the splendid work youare doing. I very much applaud the positiveand dynamic way in which you areaddressing the challenges which the not forprofit sector faces.”

Other HCLC patrons appointed inMarch were:Diane Abbott MPMember of Parliament for Hackney Northand Stoke Newington

Nicky Gavron AM Former Deputy Mayor of London andcurrently the London Assembly’sOpposition Spokeswomen for Housing

Manjit S Gill QC Barrister (Queens Counsel) and foundermember of the Discrimination LawAssociation

Meg Hillier MP Member of Parliament for Hackney Southand Shoreditch

Jean Lambert MEP London-wide Memberof the European Parliament and long-timecampaigner for refugees and asylumseekers

Rajiv Menon QC Hackney resident and barrister (QueensCounsel) who represented Dwayne Brooks,victim and best friend of the murderedblack teenager Stephen Lawrence. Winnerof the Society of Asian Lawyers award 2011

Declan O’Callaghan Immigration barrister from LandmarkChambers

Lord Thomas of Gresford QC Queen’s Counsel (barrister) and Peer in theHouse of Lords

‘Our casework showed a high demand for asylum advice,family reunion and domestic violence. Our drop-in and

telephone advice service continued to be oversubscribed.’

New patron Jon Robins

Patron Lord Low

New patron Louise Christian

Patron Diane Abbott MP

Patrons: Nicky Gavron AM, Jean Lambert MEPand Rajiv Menon QC


STORIES OF THE YEAR March, April & May 2012 continued

HCLC participates in ‘Guardian LiveJustice blogging’ day In April, Hackney Community Law Centrewas delighted to take part in the guardiannewspaper’s ‘Live Justice’ bloggingexperiment, where journalists tweeted livefrom courts across London. The point ofthis groundbreaking journalistic exercisewas to try and demystify what goes on inour courtrooms to people who might nothave had any experience of the courtssystem. On Wednesday 4th April, theguardian’s blog focused on housing. OurSenior Housing Solicitor NathanielMathews was shadowed at Clerkenwelland Shoreditch County Court by JonRobins, editor of the Justice gap blog andone of HCLC’S fantastic new patrons.

London Legal walk 2012 On Monday May 21st 2012, HackneyCommunity Law Centre was extremelyproud to participate in the 2012 LondonLegal Walk organised by the London LegalSupport Trust. This year’s walk saw morethan six thousand people take part andmore than £500,000 raised! Walkers raisehundreds of thousands of pounds foragencies who provide free legal advice tothose in desperate need and who cannotafford to pay for services that assist, forexample, young people in poverty,homeless people, trafficked women andchildren, those with mental illnesses andolder or disabled people needingcommunity care. In the past, the moneyraised has even helped to create newservices in boroughs where none existed.HCLC’s team raised just over £2,800.

FOCUS ON HOUSINgIn 2012, we saw a 20 per cent increase inour caseload compared with 2011. Themain areas of our work covered illegalevictions, homelessness and helpingresidents adjust to the cuts in housingbenefit.

Illegal evictions doubled in the past yearand have now become a social problemreaching a scale of epidemic proportions.The majority of tenants made homeless asa result are vulnerable people includingrefugees, homeless households and disabledpeople. We came across examples ofharassment and violence towards tenantsincluding a case of a refugee who wasevicted with only 24 hours’ notice andphysically assaulted by an estate agent. Bylaw, tenants must receive at least twoweeks’ notice – and, in many cases, onemonth. As well as helping victims of illegalevictions this year, we worked with HackneyCouncil to support tenants to resist suchevictions. In October 2012, our seniorsolicitor Nathaniel Mathews hosted anddelivered a workshop for local tenants andlandlords to increase awareness of basichousing rights and improve landlordbehaviour. This attracted a huge turnoutfrom local residents (and some landlords!).

DAPHNE’S HOUSINGTESTIMONIAL

“I have a 6 year old daughter whohas mental health problems. Wewere renting one bedroom in thehouse of an intimidating landlord,who only allowed me to use thekitchen to cook once a week; oftenthere was no heating or hot water.Most of the time my daughter wentto bed without a hot meal, and forsix months she was unable to batheproperly. The landlord’s sonconstantly brought people to thehouse who drank, smoked, playedloud music and swore at me. It wasno way for human beings to live,and my daughter’s problems gotmuch worse; she often woke upcrying. Hackney Community LawCentre made me feel listened to,and that someone was on my side.Val, the solicitor, gave up herlunchtime to listen to my story. Shetold me that as a British citizen witha British daughter I have rights.Thanks to her campaigning for me-that’s the word I’d use- mydaughter and I now have a newhome where we can bathe properlyand sleep peacefully at night. Nowmy daughter is like a new child”.

PAUL’S HOUSING TESTIMONIAL

“I was served a notice of eviction on the flat I’d lived in for seventeen years. Rentarrears had built up as my Housing Benefit had- wrongly- been suspended,something of which I was unaware. At that time I had some drug-related healthissues, and I also spent a lot of time looking after my mum. I came to HackneyCommunity Law Centre for help, where Nathaniel, the senior housing solicitor,took on my case. He came to court with me and stopped the eviction. He alsofound out that the Benefits office were at fault, and got them to pay the HousingBenefit they owed me, so I could pay my rent. I could have been forced on to thestreet, but thanks to Hackney Community Law Centre, I kept my flat. Also, I’mnow about to start a new job. I have a great deal of respect for Nathaniel, andknow only too well from personal experience how important the Law Centre is tothe people of our community”.

The impact of housing benefit reforms andthe transitional relief changes affectingtenants continue to generate aconsiderable amount of casework. InHackney, over 40 per cent or more of thoseaffected by the housing benefit changesare in work. A more recent developmentconcerns the impact of the Localism Actwhere local authorities have started todischarge their homelessness duty byhousing homeless households in privatesector accommodation.

Further changes as a result of thegovernment’s welfare reform agenda andthe introduction of Universal Credit from2013 will hit the poorest and mostvulnerable. HCLC believes that many peoplewho rely on the benefits system are alreadybearing a disproportionate share of thegovernment’s deficit reduction programme.

Finally, these changes arrive at a timewhen advice services are being cut as partof the legal aid reforms which take effectfrom 2013. The Law Centre is currentlyworking hard with colleagues across thesector to mitigate the worst impact ofthese changes to ensure that we continueproviding a sustainable service.

‘Walkers raise hundreds of thousands of pounds for agencieswho provide free legal advice to those in desperate need and

who cannot afford to pay for services...’

‘Illegal evictions have doubled in the past yearand have now become a social problem reachinga scale of epidemic proportions.’


Tony Robinson becomes a HCLC patronWe were delighted when high profile actorand television presenter Tony Robinsonjoined Hackney Community Law Centre asa Patron in June! Tony Robinson was bornin Hackney at the Homerton Hospital andlived in Amhurst Road, near HackneyDowns in Lower Clapton. Among otherprofessional successes, Tony starred in theBBC’s popular Blackadder televisionprogramme as the well-known character’Baldrick’. He currently presents the TimeTeam programme on Channel 4.

Commenting on why he accepted aninvitation to become a HCLC patron, TonyRobinson said: “Being born and brought upin Hackney, I was very pleased to be askedto become a Patron of Hackney CommunityLaw Centre. In these very difficult times,Hackney Community Law Centre providesan indispensable legal lifeline for peoplelosing their jobs, under threat of eviction orliving below the breadline. I am proud tosupport the work of Hackney CommunityLaw Centre and all the other Law Centresaround the UK currently fighting forsurvival”.

House of Lords Summer receptionHackney Community Law Centre is verygrateful to our Patron Lord Low of Dalston(pictured) for hosting our 2012 ‘Friends ofHCLC’ summer reception at the House ofLords. The reception saw people andorganisations from all walks of life cometogether to celebrate the work of the LawCentre. All guests invited had a close andspecial connection to HCLC as clients, staff,interns, volunteers, sister Law Centres,patrons, donors, Hackney residents, friendsand family, journalists or communityorganisations. We are also grateful toDebevoise and Plimpton LLP and FaegreBaker Daniels LLP for helping make thereception possible. See more photos fromthe event on pages 14 and 15!

Justice Gap debate in the House of CommonsIn July, Hackney Community Law Centrehosted a joint debate with the Justice gapteam in the House of Commons entitled‘Justice in the Community: do we get it?’The speakers were Diane Abbott MP, LordWilly Bach, Matthew Ryder QC and RogerSmith, the Director of Justice. The debatewas chaired by Jon Robins (pictured rightcentre), HCLC Patron and editor of theJustice gap. The quote of the night camefrom Matthew Ryder QC who said: “TheLegal Aid Sentencing and Punishment ofOffenders (LASPO) Act is contrary to who weare as a nation. Publicly-funded law shouldrank in importance alongside the NHS,public housing and education”.

STORIES OF THE YEARJune & July 2012

HCLC Launch ‘Pop Up’ CommunityLaw Shops serviceIn June, Hackney Community Law Centrelaunched our new Community Law Shopsservice. In the first instance, the walk-in,‘pop-up’ service operates between 2pmand 5pm every Monday at Hackney CentralLibrary, kindly sponsored by the LondonBorough of Hackney and Matrix Chambers.At the Community Law Shop sessionsHackney residents see a qualified advisorabout their housing, employment,immigration, welfare benefits and debtproblems. No appointment is necessary.

Simon Bowen helps manage the pop-upshops every Monday at Hackney CentralLibrary. Simon, who is pictured helping aclient in the library, says: “I meet and greetclients at Hackney Law Shop, filling out abrief legal triage form with them beforethey see a solicitor. I’ve performed this rolesince we launched in June 2012. Havingsuccessfully sourced funding to support theLaw Shop, it’s very satisfying to see it inpractice, helping local people with a widerange of legal matters that seriously affecttheir lives and well-being. I’m very proud tobe part of a team that makes the Law Shoppossible, and hope we’re able to continueto meet people’s needs in the challengingtimes to come”.

Turner Broadcasting help repaintHCLC officeHackney Community Law Centre isextremely grateful to Turner Broadcastingfor helping us begin repainting our offices,in order to make the Centre a morewelcoming and pleasant environment forour clients and local community. In June2012, a team of volunteers from TurnerBroadcasting’s London office spent theentire day at HCLC completely repaintingthe kitchen, our volunteers’ room, all ourbathrooms, clients’ waiting reception areaand all the other communal areas in theLaw Centre. Turner Broadcasting has astrong Corporate Social Responsibilityteam and its staff are given special days

off to volunteer with charities andorganisations in need. We are verygrateful to Turner Broadcasting volunteersAndrew Lock, Steven Smith, Mandy Huxenand Alexia Parodi (pictured above) andTurner Broadcasting’s Corporate SocialResponsibility Director Nick Hart.

“I am proud to support the work of Hackney CommunityLaw Centre and all the other Law Centres around the UKcurrently fighting for survival.”


FOCUS ON WELFARE BENEFITSThe government’s welfare reform agendacontinues to be the main driver of theissues affecting the work of the unit. 2012saw the implementation of the localhousing allowance reforms which havecapped state support for rent payments.This has forced many low-income familiesinto having to find the money to make upthe difference to cover their rents or facelosing their homes.

JOHN’S WELFARE BENEFITS TESTIMONIAL

“I work full-time and my wife works part-time. We have five children. Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs informed us that forseveral years we had been overpaid on our Working Tax Credits. We didn’t know how this could have happened, but when theychallenged us in our own home we felt we had no option but to write out post-dated cheques for thousands of pounds wecouldn’t afford. We felt confused and were starting to panic: HMRC had begun cashing our cheques and we had no help oradvice at all. Then we got in touch with Hackney Community Law Centre, who listened to us and decided to take on our case.Diane, one of their lawyers, wrote to HMRC and asked them to review the matter. As a result of this, the HMRC legal teaminvestigated and eventually identified errors in the system which had caused the problem. We had never been overpaid. HMRCre-credited us the money we had given them, and our lives began to return to normal.

Without that help and advice I don’t know what I would have done. I was going mad. Hackney Community Law Centre wasfriendly, helpful and made me feel at home. I like the way they work, and thanks to them, I can now sleep again at night”.

INTERN AND VOLUNTEERProgramme

In 2012, we relaunched our interns programme to create amore formalised and structured experience for our interns.Applicants now attend the Centre 4 days per week for a total of12 weeks to assist the solicitors and caseworkers, attend courtwith clients, shadow at HCLC outreach sessions and take calls onthe telephone Advice Line. Ideally, applicants will havecompleted their undergraduate degree in law (LLB), theirgraduate Diploma in Law (gDL), their Legal Practice Course(LPC) or their Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC).

DANIELLE BROWNHCLC INTERN FROMTHE USAIn May, HCLC wasdelighted to welcomeDanielle Brown to theCentre as an overseasintern. Danielle Brownwas a postgraduate law

student from the University of Richmond inVirginia on the east coast of the United States ofAmerica. Danielle spent a month with HCLC as alegal intern before travelling to Cambridge toparticipate in a special University of Cambridgeprogramme for overseas law students. Daniellesays she really enjoyed her HCLC placement,particularly working with the HCLC staff, adding,"Even though they are not really paid a lot,especially being solicitors, they put everything intotheir jobs."

LORNA ANTONIOCHOICE INHACKNEYVOLUNTEERIn September, HCLCwelcomed new volunteerLorna Antonio (picturedleft) to the Law Centre.Lorna’s placement with

HCLC was organised through the Choice inHackney voluntary organisation, which providesAdvocacy and Independent Living Services todisabled people in London. Lorna suffers fromdyslexia, dyspraxia, and dicalculus but despitehaving to live with and manage these conditions,Lorna attended South Bank University to read fora Bachelor of Science degree in Criminology andwas awarded a 2:1. Lorna has a 9 year olddaughter and in her spare time she likes to cook,read and take her daughter out on excursions.

From October 2013, the Universal Creditwill come into effect and gradually replacemany of the key benefits that are in placenow, including Child and Working TaxCredit, Job Seekers Allowance, IncomeSupport, Incapacity Benefit, EmploymentSupport Allowance, Local HousingAllowance and Housing Benefit. It isanticipated that by 2017 all benefitclaimants will be transferred to the newUniversal Credit.

Key features include:• The structure is proposed to be a single

basic personal amount, with additionalamounts for things like caring, housingcosts, and children.

• Transitional protection relief to minimisethe impact of the change-over forclaimants.

• Tapering, earnings will be taken intoaccount at a single taper rate of 65%

• Additional amounts will be paid topeople with disabilities, similar to thosealready in place for the EmploymentSupport Allowance.

• Housing Costs will be included inUniversal Credit to help cover rentpayments and mortgage interestpayments. Housing Benefit currentlydelivered by local authorities will betaken over by the new system.

• Conditionality: the receipt of UniversalCredit will have certain conditionsattached. People will be divided intofour broad groups and conditionsapplied to receipt of benefit. Fullconditionality for job seekers; workpreparation for people with healthconditions and disabilities; keeping intouch with the labour market for loneparents and couples with young children.

The plans for Universal Credit also containprovisions for a ‘Mandatory Work Activity’requirement. The plans mean that someclaimants will be required to take part infull time work activity for four weeks orface a sanction. The sanction system mayalso be overhauled with hardshippayments being replaced with loans.Some elements of the Social Fund systemmight be paid through Universal Credit.Another important point to make on theshift to the universal credit is that thegovernment is also moving to localise theadministration and payment levels ofrelated benefits. From October 2013, localcouncils will be responsible for establishinglocal replacements for the social fund.

Together these changes represent afundamental change in the shape of thewelfare state since 1945. They also comeat a time when welfare benefits advice isremoved from the scope of legal aidfunding from April 2013.

MARY-RACHEL MCCABE FORMER INTERN TESTIMONIAL

“I feel very privileged to have had the opportunityto work with such talented and dedicated lawyersduring my internship at Hackney Community LawCentre. The team’s commitment to seeking justicefor their clients - even in the face of drastic cuts - isnothing short of awe-inspiring and I offer mythanks to everyone at HCLC for all that theytaught me”.

ADENIKE OJO FORMER INTERN TESTIMONIAL

“I was inspired to volunteer at HackneyCommunity Law Centre as I’d worked in thecorporate/commercial sector for several years andI wanted to take some time to give back to thecommunity before returning to corporate law andalso have an opportunity to sharpen the legalskills that I already gained. I worked on thetelephone Advice Line taking calls from thegeneral public about their legal problems and

issues particularly housing, benefits and employment and staffed theface-to-face drop in clinic. I also worked on cases for my supervisors onHousing and Welfare matters and attended court to support them whenneeded. The highlight of volunteering at Hackney Community LawCentre was having the opportunity to work with supervisors who werepassionate about their work and seeing a case progress which couldpotentially change an individual’s life”.

THANK YOU TO ALL OF OUR FANTASTIC 2012 INTERNS AND VOLUNTEERS: Simon Bowen, Olga Bakeeva, Rachel Thomas, Elohor Emmanuella Okoro, ToyinOmotayo, Lisa Rothera, Liam Carmody, Adama N Wurie, Jennifer Jacquiot, Alexgreaves, Mary Rachel McCabe, Adenike Ojo, Racquel Palomas-Rodriguez, JasminBegum, Lizette Robleto-gonzalez, Senay Nihat, Marie Froysa, Rachel Francis,Sameera Sheikh, Shabia Sikdar, Martin Young, Lorna Antonio, Danielle Brown,Annette Burke, Clare Hayes and Jorrit Donner-Wittkopf.

Interns Shabia Sikdar and Martin Young with patronsLord Willy Bach and Jon Robins


HOUSE OF LORDSSUMMER RECEPTION


Paul Heron receiving his award from Lucy Scott-Moncrieff,President of the Law Society and Colin Wallace fromHiscox who sponsored the award


Law Society Excellence Awards 2012Following our shortlisting for two of the2012 Law Society Excellence Awards, HCLCsolicitor Paul Heron (pictured centre withLaw Society President Lucy Scott-Moncrieffand award sponsor Colin Wallace fromHiscox) beat off stiff competition to winthe 2012 ‘Solicitor of the year – in house’category! The Law Society ExcellenceAwards reward the most outstandingpractitioners in the legal profession and areopen to the entire legal sector, not justsolicitors. HCLC was also shortlisted in the‘Excellence in Innovation’ categoryfollowing the launch of our Community LawShops ‘pop-up’ advice service, which takesplace every Monday between 2pm and5pm in Hackney Central Library. Thewinners were announced by BBCbroadcaster Mishal Husain at a specialblack-tie dinner and presentation ceremonyin Old Billingsgate.

STORIES OF THE YEARAugust, September & October 2012

LAW SOCIETY EXCELLENCE AWARD TESTIMONIAL SUBMITTED ABOUT PAUL...

“When I was eight months pregnant with our first child, I moved into the houseof my husband’s family, here in Hackney. We had met in China, then gotmarried, without their knowledge. Only one month after I had the baby, it waslike I was their slave. They made me do all the cleaning, and locked me in thekitchen. They broke my things, and my father-in-law wanted to beat me- on oneoccasion using a mirror to do so. Eventually my husband threw me out, alongwith the baby. I went to the council, but they didn’t accept I was homeless. Ifound a place in a hostel through a friend, though after a month there, thecouncil said I wasn’t ‘at risk’ and should return to my husband. I tried to tellthem that this would be like a slow death, but it didn’t make any difference. Ifelt suicidal. Someone at the council told me about Hackney Community LawCentre. Paul, a solicitor there, interviewed me, and wanted to know all thedetails. For the first time, I felt really supported. Thanks to his help and advice,I moved out of the hostel in 2011. The council have now accepted I’m ahomeless victim of domestic violence, and found us some safe accommodation.My life was a nightmare: I was living on the streets, and nobody seemed to care.Now, everything has become normal. Thank you Paul, and thank you HackneyCommunity Law Centre!”

HCLC runs Prevent Illegal Evictions trainingIn October, HCLC held a free one-daycampaign and training workshop to raiseawareness of the growing problem of illegalevictions in the last two years. Anecdotalevidence suggests the problem may havedoubled over the last two years. Thespeakers at the workshop were TomMcCarthey, Shelter Campaigns Officer, whowas spearheading Shelter’s ‘Roguelandlords’ campaign; Kelechi Ibegbule, theTeam Leader from the London Borough ofHackney’s Advice and Options Department;James Bowen, barrister at garden CourtChambers and Hackney resident; andNathaniel Mathews from HackneyCommunity Law Centre. Commenting onthe workshop, HCLC Senior Housingsolicitor Nathaniel Mathews said: “Peoplesay that weddings and moving house aretwo of the most stressful times in a person’slife. But being illegally evicted is one of themost stressful things that can happen to aperson. Illegal eviction is an offence whichis rarely prosecuted. This event is a nationalfirst, delivering training and bringingtogether local residents together with otheragencies to look at how we can deal withthis growing problem.”

Mind the Justice Gap project beginsOver the summer, we joined forces with‘The Justice gap’ (www.justicegap.com),the University College London’s Faculty ofLaw and the Hackney Council of VoluntaryServices to work on a major public legaleducation (PLE) project aimed at youngpeople explaining legal rights anddemystifying the law. The initiative (calledMind the Justice gap) – is backed byhuman rights lawyer Michael Mansfield QCand the former shadow justice secretaryLord Willy Bach –and involves youngpeople in Hackney working with UniversityCollege London (UCL) law studentsoverseen by lawyers at HCLC, the HackneyCouncil of Voluntary Services (HCVS) andthe Justice gap. We are proud to be takingpart in the ‘Mind the Justice gap’ project,’commented HCLC’s manager SeanCanning. ‘Our Law Centre has served thelocal community for nearly 40 years andassisting our local young people to reachtheir full potential is one of our keypriorities. It will help give our young peoplemore confidence to deal with the main legalhurdles they regularly face– be it stop andsearch, employment issues or housing.’

Mind the Justice GapProject’s Peer ResearchersSam, Gockce and Terrence


FOCUS ON DEBT

The impact of the current economicrecession on households in Hackneycontinues to highlight the acute need foradequately funded debt advice. Manyresidents are excluded from mainstreamfinancial services because of low incomeand are vulnerable to loan sharks whooperate extortionate interest charges. Thiscreates an ongoing cycle of debt ashousehold budgets are stretched to meetthe demands of servicing expensive loans.

In 2012, our Debt and Financial Inclusionservices focussed specifically on helping themost vulnerable people in Hackney toaddress their money managementarrangements in order to enable them tostabilise their finances and help themaccess mainstream financial servicesincluding banks and the credit union.

As part of its work, we focussed on incomemaximisation to increase disposableincome and helping residents to negotiaterepayments on priority debts such as rentensuring that tenants are able to keep theirhome.

Following the LASPO changes the majorityof debt advice will be removed from thescope of public funding from April 2013.This will put additional pressure onoverstretched services such as those fundedthrough the Financial Inclusion Fund.

We are therefore extremely grateful to BPPLaw School, Debevoise and Plimpton LLPand Faegre Baker Daniels LLP for helping usto launch a new dedicated debt andconsumer law ‘POP-Up’ service everyTuesday evening at Dalston CLR JamesLibrary. Staffed by lawyer and studentvolunteers, the pilot project launched inNovember and has been well receivedacross the local community. In 2013, wehope to be able to continue and expandthis desperately needed evening service.

DONATIONSReport

Hackney Community Law Centre is a charity (registered charity number 1016171).That means that we do not make any profits or bonuses from the work that we do.All of the money donated to Hackney Community Law Centre is used only to help themany people who come to us for help and advice. In the last year, primarily due tosocial and economic factors relating to the economic downturn, HCLC’s caseloadincreased by around 40 per cent, close to 3,000 people used our services. Withoutyour help and financial support, Hackney Community Law Centre would not be ableto provide the services that it does.

We are very grateful to the following people and organisations for theirdonations to the Law Centre in 2012:

• The London Borough of Hackney• London Councils• The London Legal Support Trust• Trust for London• Lloyds TSB• The Big Lottery• Jon Worth (www.techpolitics.eu) – for designing the www.hclc.org.uk website

pro bono

• Hackney Parochial Charities – for donating £916 towards new legal text books

• Matthew Howgate – for donating a camera to HCLC

• Matrix Chambers – for donating £3,500 towards the funding of interns for HCLC’S Community Law Shops

• Stephen Rathbone – for putting up new shelving for case files and text books

• Aidan O’Neill QC – for donating his book: ‘EU Law for UK Lawyers’• Declan O’Callaghan – for donating the Legal Action group book: ‘Housing – an

adviser’s handbook’ by Diana Astin

• Turner Broadcasting – for repainting HCLC’s offices, including providing all labour and materials free of charge

• Lynn Dalton and Matthew Sparkes from Linklaters – for donating two tickets to the Law Society Excellence Awards 2012

• The Legal Department at HCA International Ltd – for donating the Civil Court Practice 2011

• Louise Christian• Sally Jeffery• Ann Petruckevitch• Kate Walmsley

‘Many residents are excluded from mainstreamfinancial services because of low income and

are vulnerable to loan sharks who operateextortionate interest charges.’

‘All of the money donated toHackney Community Law

Centre is used only to help themany people who come to us

for help and advice.’


‘Mind the Justice Gap’ project goesto Mossbourne AcademyAlso in November, ‘Mind the Justice Gap’our joint Public Legal Education Project inpartnership with the Justice gap, theUniversity College London’s Faculty of Lawand the Hackney Council of VoluntaryServices, visited local school MossbourneAcademy to participate in a specialassembly for its Year 10 students. The aimsof the Mind the Justice gap project arethreefold: to explain to young people keyconcepts about the law that will help intheir day-to-day lives; to encourage anunderstanding that the law can make apositive contribution to their lives (asopposed to reinforcing a sense that “thelaw” is something to come into conflictwith); and to encourage the view that acareer as a lawyer is one that is available topeople whatever their background. Wewere very grateful to Lord Willy Bach forattending the assembly to observe andparticipate!

STORIES OF THE YEARNovember & December 2012

Dalston Pop-Up! New Debt &Consumer Law Evening AdviceService launched!As of November, HCLC began offering anew evening ‘Pop-Up’ Debt and ConsumerLaw advice service to people living andworking in Hackney. Launched onNovember 6th, during National Pro Bonoweek, students and tutors from BPP LawSchool and major city law firms begangiving high quality free legal service topeople requiring help with consumer anddebt problems. To access the service,people who live or work in Hackney mustcall 020 7633 4531 and leave their nameand contact telephone number. It is hopedthat HCLC will be able to obtain funding tocontinue offering the service long term.

Gavin Chesney Debevoise and PlimptonLLP and Rustam Sethna BPP Law school.

Rebecca Greenhalgh from Debevoise andPlimpton LLP and Stephen Llewellyn fromFaegre Baker Daniels LLP with BPP studentCharlotte Carrington

A huge thank you to the lawyersand students who have volunteeredwith the Dalston Pop-Up so far:Rebecca greenhalgh, gavin Chesney,Rustam Sethna, Whitney May, Mike Howe,Karen Antwi, Charlotte Carrington,Stephen Llewellyn, Laurence Hanesworth,Hayley griffin, Sarah Mclennan, VikasMehta, Theodore Cardos and Luke Baker.A huge thank you also and in particular toRebecca greenhalgh of Debevoise andPlimpton LLP and Stephen Llewellyn ofFaegre Baker Daniels LLP, BPP tutors LauraRowland, Jessica Austen and Diana Kirschand the London Borough of Hackney’sLibrary Service in particular managersAdrian Morris, Earl Bailey, Antony Kane,Michelle gardner and security guardDharminder Singh.

Diane Morrison qualifies as a solicitorIn November, following the successfulcompletion of her Legal Practice Course(LPC), Diane Morrison, who has worked atHackney Community Law Centre as ageneralist advisor and then a traineesolicitor, formally qualified as a solicitor.Diane Morrison joined the Law Centre as atypist in May 2005 (initially on a part timebasis). She then qualified as a generalistAdviser with the CAB (Holborn) on apart-time basis and became the LawCentre’s main adviser alongside thespecialist caseworkers. She still volunteerswith the CAB. From 2009 onwards shestarted the Law Centre’s volunteerprogramme. Diane’s main experience hasbeen in the social welfare law team –alongside supporting the volunteers withfront level advice work and she also giveslegal advice at HCLC’s new CommunityLaw Shops Pop-Up service every Monday inHackney Central library. Ian Rathbone,Chair of HCLC, said: “I have watched withpleasure Diane grow in skill, confidence andprofessionalism over the years with us, andam very proud that she has qualified as asolicitor. We have helped to give her thatopportunity to explore her potential anddevelop her expertise and knowledge andlook forward to seeing her further grow asshe helps us take on the difficult challengesof the years to come. She is an importantpart of what we do to help the people ofHackney”.

Lord Bach visits HCLCIn November, HCLC welcomed Lord WillyBach and one of our fantastic patrons JonRobins, editor of www.thejusticegap.com,to the Centre. Lord Bach, a former barrister,who has served as both Justice Minister ingovernment and Shadow Justice Ministerin opposition, has been a staunch supporterand defender of Law Centres around thecountry. As well as leading the fightagainst the Legal Aid, Sentencing andPunishment of Offenders Act (LASPO) inthe House of Lords, Lord Bach also serves asa patron of Coventry Law Centre.

“I have watched with pleasure Diane growin skill, confidence and professionalism over

the years with us, and am very proud thatshe has qualified as a solicitor.”

‘...to encourage an understanding that the lawcan make a positive contribution to their lives

(as opposed to reinforcing a sense that “thelaw” is something to come into conflict with)’

Diane Morrison qualifying

‘SUGAR’ FROM NAT MATHEWS’ BLOG: http://frontlinehackney.blogspot.co.uk

Paulie was born in Jamaica, but he has been living here since 1970. He came when he was a teenager to join his parents,aunts and uncles, who had arrived in the UK in the early 50’s. They were of the generation that came here on the good shipWindrush from the West Indies, to work as porters, clean toilets, do the work that we native born Britons did not wish to.

Now he is in danger of losing his home.

His parents, aunts, cousins, siblings have long since managed to obtain British passports. Some have gone back to theislands, some have settled across London and beyond. They have worked, paid their dues, somehow survived theprejudice that met them on their arrival, when it was common for boarding houses to post signs saying “No blacks, nodogs, no Irish”, then the backlash of the Notting Hill riots.

Paulie lost his passport in the 1980’s. He has worked as a hospital porter, a builder, a jack of all trades for almost fortyyears. He’s at an age when he should be thinking about retirement. And yes, he’s paid his tax and national insurance.

In the clampdown on foreigners without verifiable documentation Paulie lost his Job Seekers Allowance three years ago.Incredibly, he still signs on every two weeks, attends work focused interviews, tries to get a job. Sadly, his absence ofimmigration papers are likely to have the same effect on potential employers, frightened of fines, as on the Departmentof Work and Pensions. Basically, nobody is prepared to stick their neck out and accept that Paulie has a right of abode inthe UK. Unless all the paperwork’s in order and apple pie it’s more than their job’s worth.

Sadly, the Border Agency has lost most of its documentation prior to 1986, when they computerised. In most othercases, it’s too much trouble to look.

With less than two weeks to prepare for the Tribunal dealing with his Housing Benefit appeal, my heart sinks. He is twoyears in rent arrears. It is notoriously difficult to obtain documentation that will satisfy the UK Border Agency that aperson has been present continuously for 14 years and should be granted Indefinite Leave to Remain (and anyway oncegranted that would confirm benefits entitlements going forwards, and would not resolve the issue of his presententitlements).

The fateful day arrives, and my best bet is that we will get an adjournment to gather evidence that has long sincedisappeared, that we will find ourselves in a paperchase for employee records that have long since been shredded, foremployers that may no longer exist. A vista of rolling adjournments beckons.

Then a miracle.

The Judge believes Paulie, and shoots the Council’s refusal decision out of the air on grounds that are so technical that itmakes my head spin. She goes on to point out that, if the Council rephrases the refusal thus and so, Paulie will findhimself in the same pickle once again.

Then another miracle. The Council is convinced that Paulie is exactly who he says he is. They will pay up for some twoyears in Housing Benefit. He will not lose his home.

Who deserves the credit for this signal victory? As a lawyer, I should be blowing my own trumpet.

In truth the credit lies with Des, the income collection officer for Paulie’s landlord who fought City Hall every step of theway, when the culture is increasingly to evict, write off the arrears and start again. It lies with Judge, who spotted atechnicality where I had not. It lies with the humane Council official, who looked Paulie in the eye, believed him, andchose not to do him dirty by changing a line or two in another letter and send him back on the appeal merry-go-round.

In truth, the credit lies in loving kindness.

Yet let me say this. In April 2013 the guillotine comes down on Legal Aid. There will be no funding for Paulie tostraighten out his immigration papers, for the State has passed seamlessly from the proposition that the applicationsystem should be efficient and humane to the conclusion that there is therefore no need for lawyers. It is unlikely thatfunding will be in place for any of the work that we did today, or the work that Paulie needs tomorrow.

Paulie offers me a gobstopper. It’s bad for my teeth, but I accept. Sometimes you need to taste the sugar.

Media wise, 2012 was also a veryexciting year for HackneyCommunity Law Centre. Weincreased our presence on twitterand Facebook significantly as partof our core strategy to reach out tomore people who may not have hadcontact with HCLC previously. Fromstarting off with 5 twitter ‘followers’at the beginning of 2012, we weredelighted that @friendsofhclcended the year with over 800followers from all walks of life. Wealso had a number of positivestories reported in the local,regional and national press aboutour work and campaigns. We areparticularly grateful to our patronthe journalist, Jon Robins, forwriting stories about HCLC’s workthat were published in Theguardian. On the new website, our‘Chair’s Blog’ proved a popular newaddition as Ian Rathbone, ourChair, commented on stories of theday. Senior Housing Solicitor NatMathews’ ‘Frontline Hackney’ blog(http://frontlinehackney.blogspot.co.uk/) also continued to be wellreceived. On the facing page is ablog entitled ‘Sugar’ Nat wrote inJune’:

22 HCLC Annual Report 2012 2012 HCLC Annual Report 23

IN THENews

HCLC Solicitor Diane Morrison and HCLC Debtcaseworker Hope Olugbola train student andlawyer volunteers for HCLC's new Debt andConsumer Law Evening Service, Dalston POP-Up

Unrestricted Restricted 2012 Total 2011 Total funds funds funds funds

Notes £ £ £ £Incoming ResourcesIncoming resources from generated funds Voluntary income 2 2,232 916 3,148 5,122Investment income 3 40 0 40 112Incoming resources from charitable activities 4Provision of legal services and advice 558,281 23,898 582,179 552,794Total incoming resources 560,553 24,814 585,367 558,028

RESOURCES EXPENDEDCharitable activities 5Provision of legal services and advice 543,755 28,205 571,960 537,158governance costs 6 4,100 0 4,100 4,000Total resources expended 547,855 28,205 576,060 541,158

NET INCOMING (OUTGOING) 12,698 (3,391) 9,307 16,870RESOURCESRECONCILIATION OF FUNDSTotal funds brought forward 91,240 5,528 102,768 85,898TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD 103,938 2,137 112,075 102,768


FINANCIALReport

These finnacial statements have been prepared in accordance with the special provisions of Part 15 of the Companies Act 2006relating to small charitable companies and the Financial Reporting Standard for Smaller Entities (effective April 2008). These financialstatements were approved by the Board of Trustees on 21 November 2012 and were signed on its behalf by I. Rathbone, Trustee.

Unrestricted Restricted 2012 Total 2011 Total funds funds funds funds

NotesFIXED ASSETSTangible assets 10 6,356 0 6,356 8,474

CURRENT ASSETSWork in Progress 195,773 0 195,773 114,589Debtors 11 15,516 0 15,516 22,382Cash at bank and in hand 2 12,137 12,139 12,634

211,291 12,137 223,428 149,605CREDITORSAmounts falling due within one year 12 (107,709) (10,000) (117,709) (55,311)

NET CURRENT ASSETS 103,582 2,137 105,719 94,294

TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES 109,938 2,137 112,075 102,768

NET ASSETS 109,938 2,137 112,075 102,768

FUNDSUnrestricted Funds 109,938 97,240Restricted Funds 2,137 5,528TOTAL FUNDS 112,075 102,768

HACKNEY COMMUNITY LAW CENTRE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIESfor the year ended 31 March 2012

STAFF AND TRUSTEES

Staff Member Job Title Date joined Date left

Cherrill Connerty Legal Secretary 01.11.07 -

Chorouk El-Adib Trainee Solicitor 1.07.11 31.12.12

Diane Morrison Solicitor 03.05.09 -

Hilton von Herbert Caseworker 01.04.09 -

Hope Olugbola Debt Worker 06.11.06 -

Bella Donnelly Administrator 16.01.96 -

Kim Sin Receptionist 01.08.10 -

Margaret Crowley Trainee Solicitor 01.07.11 31.12.12

Miranda grell Development Officer 03.01.12 -

Nathaniel Matthews Solicitor 07.09.94 -

Olu Adenuga Finance Worker 19.09.04 31.12.12

Paul Heron Solicitor 24.11.09 -

Sean Canning Manager (p/t) 12.12.11 -

Val Thomas Legal Executive 01.11.10 -

Wendy Pettifer Solicitor 01.02.10 -

HACKNEY COMMUNITY LAW CENTREStaff List November 2012

Directors

Ian Rathbone (Chair)

Megan Redmond (Vice Chair)

Matthew Howgate (Treasurer)

Cllr Deniz Oguzkanli

Lawrence Abe

Ruth Appleton

Alhaji Sesay

Millie Xavier

Board of Directors in 2012


STATISTICS

HACKNEY COMMUNITY LAW SHOPS ‘POP-UP’ ADVICE SERVICE June to December 2012

had a disability24%

47.5% 52.5%

Housing

37.5%

Immigration

9.2%

Employment

10.5%

Debt

4%

Benefits

26.5%Consumer

4.8%

Other

7.5%

AREA OF LAWETHNICITY

Black

47%

White (inc. Turkish)

28%

Asian

14.5%

10.5%Mixed &

Other

hackney community law centre annual report ... reports/hclc-ar-2012-flow.pdf · sean canning,...

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