hadron physics in america
DESCRIPTION
Hadron Physics in America. L. Cardman. Venues for Hadronic Physics Today (and their near-term plans). Two Major Facilities: CEBAF @ Jefferson Lab (~6 GeV, cw, polarized electron beams) RHIC Spin @ BNL (up to 250 GeV polarized protons on polarized protons and heavy ions) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Hadron Physics in America
L. Cardman
Venues for Hadronic Physics Today(and their near-term plans)
Two Major Facilities:• CEBAF @ Jefferson Lab
(~6 GeV, cw, polarized electron beams)
• RHIC Spin @ BNL (up to 250 GeV polarized protons on polarized protons and heavy ions)
A broad variety of experiments at facilities focused on other physics (e.g. EDM of neutron at LANSCE and Drell-Yan at FNAL) and at smaller facilities (e.g. HIS at TUNL)
Participation in many experiments at facilities overseas (e.g. Hermes)
CEBAF @ Jefferson Lab
• A 4 GeV (now 5.7 GeV), high intensity, cw electron accelerator built to investigate the structure of nucleons and nuclei• The approved research program includes 167
experiments on a broad variety of topics• Research operations began 10/95 in full operation for 7½ years (since 11/97)
data for 118 full experiments and parts of 10 more are complete
results are emerging regularly in the published literature
Linac
Linac
Arc
Arc
3 End Stations
Hall A: Two High Resolution (10-4) Spectrometers
Hall B: The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS)
Hall C: A High Momentum and a Broad Range Spectrometer
Setup Space for Unique Experiments
JLab Scientific “Campaigns”
The Structure of the Nuclear Building Blocks
1. How are the nucleons made from quarks and gluons?
2. What are the mechanism of confinement and the dynamics of QCD?
3. How does the NN Force arise from the underlying quark and gluon structure of hadronic matter?
The Structure of Nuclei
4. What is the structure of nuclear matter?
5. At what distance and energy scale does the underlying quark and gluon structure of nuclear matter become evident?
Symmetry Tests in Nuclear Physics
6. Is the “Standard Model” complete? What are the values of its free parameters?
Enhanced Figure of Merit for Experiments Requiring Polarized Beam
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06
Fiscal Year
P2 I
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
3200
E2 P
2 I
FOM for Parity Violation
Experimentsx 6 in ten years
FOM for Polarization Transfer Experiments
x 12 in ten years
CEBAF@JLAB: Near Term Plans
• Complete energy increase of base accelerator from the original 4.0 GeV design to today’s 5.7 GeV to 6.0 GeV(~1/07)• Complete development of high intensity (up to 200 A)
polarized beams with mid-term goal of >85% polarization and enhanced helicity correlated characteristics as driven by the approved program:
Characteristic Achieved Goal position stability (nm) 2-3 1
intensity stability (ppm) 0.4 0.1
• Continue to run the physics program outlined briefly above
RHIC Spin
RHIC Spin Physics Program
0,+,- Production
Heavy Flavors
Prompt Photon
Gluon Polarization Flavor Decompsition Transverse single/doublespin physics
W physics
Longitudinal single spin physics
Transversity:Sivers vs. Collins effects
& physics of higher twists;Pion interf. Fragmentation
Transverse single spin physicsPhenix-Local Polarimetry
RHIC Spin Future Plans
For next four years Upgrade Plans Include:• Factor of six enhancement of luminosity• Operation at sqrt(s) = 500 GeV
Luminosity Goals are:• p – p 60 x 1030 cm-2 s-1; 70% polarization (100 GeV)
150 x 1030 cm-2 s-1; 70% polarization (100 GeV) (luminosity averaged over store delivered to 2 IRs)
Note: w/ electron cooling might reach as high as 5 x 1032 cm-2 s-1
Timeline for the Baseline RHIC Spin ProgramTimeline for the Baseline RHIC Spin ProgramOngoing progress on p+p luminosity, pol’n in uncharted territory:
~1 more order of magnitude needed in L, factor ~1.5 in P
Orderly plan for needed improvements in place
Substantial running time needed: ~70 weeks overall
First phase of program uses existing detector: s=200 GeV with present detectors for gluon pol’n (g) at higher x & transverse asymmetries
• aaab
•
High Intensity -Source at Duke
Broad physics program planned for HIS Nuclear Astrophysics Few Body Physics GDH Sum rule for deuterium Nuclear Structure studies
using NRF Compton scattering from
nucleons and few body nuclei Pion Threshold studies
• Commissioning of fully upgraded accelerator: Summer 2006• Nuclear Physics Program begins Fall 2006:
Dec. 06 – March 07 Linear Pol.- Below 50 MeV, >108 /s
Sept. 07 – Dec. 07 Circ. Pol. Up to 95 MeV, >108 /s
E906 at FNAL (d/u for the proton)Anticipated start FY09
Relative to E866/NuSea:• Cross section scales as 1/s 7 that of 800 GeV beam
• Backgrounds, primarily from J/ decays scale as s 7 Luminosity for same detector
rate as 800 GeV beam
5050 statistics!! statistics!!
Mid-Term Prospects (to ~2012)
• Continued Operation of CEBAF@JLab and RHIC Spin)• Experiments like E906 @ FNAL and the HIS program• Enhancements of RHIC Spin• Construction of the JLab 12 GeV Upgrade
Timeline for the Baseline RHIC Spin ProgramTimeline for the Baseline RHIC Spin Program
Ongoing progress on p+p luminosity, pol’n in uncharted territory:
~1 more order of magnitude needed in L, factor ~1.5 in P
Orderly plan for needed improvements in place
Substantial running time needed: ~70 weeks overall Program divides into 2 phases: s=200 GeV with present detectors for gluon pol’n (g) at higher x & transverse asymmetries; s=500 GeV with detector upgrades for g at lower x & W prod’n
The JLab 12 GeV UpgradeMajor Programs in Four Areas:
• The experimental study of the confinement of quarks – one of the outstanding questions of the 21st century physics
• Dramatic improvements in our knowledge of the fundamental quark-gluon structure of the nuclear building blocks
• Further exploration of the limits of our understanding of nuclei in terms of nucleons and the N-N force
• Precision experiments with sensitivity to TeV scale physics beyond the Standard Model
• And other science we can’t foresee
CHL-2CHL-2
Upgrade magnets Upgrade magnets and power and power suppliessupplies
Enhance equipment in Enhance equipment in existing hallsexisting halls
6 GeV CEBAF1112Add new hallAdd new hall
Enhanced Equipment in Halls A, B, & C and a New Hall D
9 GeV tagged polarized photons and a 4 hermetic detector
D
Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) at high luminosity and forward angles
C
CLAS upgraded to higher (1035) luminosity and coverage
B
High Resolution Spectrometer (HRS) Pair,
and specialized large installation experiments
A
12 GeV Upgrade: Project Schedule
• 2004-2005 Conceptual Design (CDR)• 2004-2008 Research and Development (R&D)• 2006 Advanced Conceptual Design (ACD)• 2007-2009 Project Engineering & Design (PED)• 2007-2008 Long Lead Procurement• 2008-2012 Construction• 2011-2013 Pre-Ops (beam commissioning)
Critical Decision (CD) Presented at IPR
CD-0 Mission Need 2QFY04 (Actual)
CD-1 Preliminary Baseline Range 4QFY05
CD-2A/3A Construction and Performance Baseline of Long Lead Items
2QFY07
CD-2B Performance Baseline 4QFY07
CD-3B Start of Construction 3QFY08
CD-4 Start of Operations 1QFY13
Progress Toward 12 GeV
• CD-0 in March 2004
• DOE Science Review (April 2005) Formal DOE review, “Certified” the Science case for the Upgrade
“The overall proposed program represents an impressive coherent framework of research directed towards one of the top frontiers of contemporary science: the exploration of confinement, a unique phenomenon of the strong Interaction, one of the four fundamental forces of nature.”“…these experimental studies are challenging, but feasible with the proposed upgrade,… they are essential to advance our theoretical understainding of confinement and the structure of hadrons and nuclei,… and they have a high probability for discoveries leading to significant paradigm shifts.”the upgrade “also provides a unique opportunity to use the electroweak interaction to search for physics beyond the Standard Model”
• DOE “CD-1” Review (July 2005) Formally in preparation for DOE Critical Decision CD-1, which defines the
Preliminary Baseline Range Passed with flying colors: No action items; all CD-1 prerequisites certified as “met”
• Awaiting Formal CD-1 Expect this Fall
Longer Term Prospects (2013 and Beyond)
• Operation of the CEBAF@12 GeV• Continuation of RHIC Spin
• Plans developing now for a new electon-ion collider that would be constructed during this period, focused on the next generation of DIS and DES experiments• There are two competing designs:
ELIC (JLab)
eRHIC (BNL)
Science Motivating the Next Generation Collider
• How do quarks and gluons provide the binding and spin of the nucleons?
• What is the quark-gluon structure of mesons?
• How do quarks and gluons evolve into hadrons?
• How does energy convert to mass?
• How does nuclear binding originate from quarks and gluons?
• How do gluons behave in nuclei?
• ……..
ELIC/eRHIC Complementary to the Physics of the 12 GeV Upgrade
g
12 GeV will access the valence quark regime (x > 0.3), where the quark properties are not masked by the sea quarks and glue
12 GeV12 GeV
The Collider will focus on the low-x regime (x<0.1), where the glue dominates (and eventually saturates)
Collider
g
A Draft Experimental Program for the Next-Generation Electron-Ion Collider
• Nucleon structure, role of quarks and gluons in the nucleons Un-polarized quark and gluon distributions, confinement in nucleons
Polarized quark and gluon distributions (LOWEST POSSIBLE X)
Correlations between partonsExclusive processes--> Generalized Parton Distributions
Understanding confinement with low x/lowQ2 measurements
• Meson Structure: Goldstone bosons and play a fundamental role in QCD
• Nuclear Structure, role of partons in nuclei Confinement in nuclei through comparison e-p/e-A scattering
• Hadronization in nucleons and nuclei & effect of nuclear media How do knocked off partons evolve in to colorless hadrons
• Partonic matter under extreme conditions For various A, compare e-p/e-A
Ion Linac and pre-booster
IR IR
Beam Dump
Snake
CEBAF with Energy Recovery
3-7 GeV electrons 30- 150 GeV light ions
Solenoid
Ion Linac and pre-booster
IR IR
Beam Dump
Snake
CEBAF with Energy Recovery
3-7 GeV electrons 30- 150 GeV light ions
Solenoid
Ion Linac and pre-booster
IR IR
Beam Dump
Snake
CEBAF with Energy Recovery
3 -7 GeV electrons 30 -150 GeV light ions
Solenoid
Electron Injector
Electron Cooling
ELIC Layout
The same electron accelerator can also provide 25 GeV electrons The same electron accelerator can also provide 25 GeV electrons for fixed target experiments for physics (ELFE @ JLab)for fixed target experiments for physics (ELFE @ JLab)
Implement 5-pass recirculator, at 5 GeV/pass, as in present CEBAF
(One accelerating & one decelerating pass through CEBAF 20-65 GeV CM Collider Program)
Exploring whether collider and fixed target modes can run simultaneously
eRHIC – Two Possible Machine Designs
Ring-Linac Design (1)
Ring-Linac Design (2)
Luminosity vs. CM Energy
TESLA-N
ELIC-JLab
• ELIC at Jlab 3-7 GeV e- on
30-150 GeV p (both polarized) 20-65 GeV CM Energy Polarized light ions Luminosity as high as 0.8x1035
cm-2 sec-1 luminosity• eRHIC at BNL 5-10 GeV e- on
50-150 GeV p (both polarized) 30-100 GeV CM Energy Polarized light ions Heavy ion beams available Luminosity from 1033 to
perhaps as high as 1034 cm-2 sec-1 (depending on design choice)
eRHIC - BNL
Conclusion: A Fascinating Time for Hadronic Physics
• Tremendous activity today (w/ CEBAF and RHIC Spin and many other projects) within the hadronic physics community in America
• Major enhancements in our capabilities are in progress: JLab Upgrade to 12 GeV
RHIC Spin luminosity and detectors
Experiments like E906 at FNAL
HIS
…….
• Advanced planning for the longer term: ELIC @ JLab or eRHIC @ BNL