Haematuria As A Symptom

Blood In Urine?

Haematuria

Blood in

urine

Blood In Urine

Visible (Macroscopic)

Non-Visible Haematuria Detection

1. Dipstick testing

Non-Visible Haematuria Detection

2. Urine microscopy

Haematuria - Differentiate From Contamination in menstruating

women Other causes of red urine

Eg- Beetroot, blackberries

Haematuria - Majority Due to

Urinarytract

cancer

UrinaryTract

tuberculosis

Pathological Causes

TumoursStones InfectionRenal diseaseOther

Haematuria As A Symptom- Tumours

Renal cancers (60% of cases)

Bladder cancers (80% of cases)

Prostate cancers (12% of cases)

Haematuria As A Symptom - Stones

Anywhere along the urinary tract

Typically at narrowing sites• Pelvi-ureteric

junction• Pelvic brim• Vesico-ureteric

junction

Haematuria As A Symptom- Infection

Urinary tract infection (UTI) Acute pyelonephritis Urinary tuberculosis Schistosoma haematobium infection Bacterial endocarditis

Haematuria As A Symptom- Renal disease

Glomerulonephritis

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

Small-vessel vasculitis

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy

Inherited renal disorders

Other Causes

Trauma Direct urethral trauma Blunt or penetrating abdominal/

pelvic injury

Cont. - Other Causes

Iatrogenic Renal biopsy Transurethreal resection

of prostate Cystoscopy Urinary catheterisation

Cont. - Other Causes

Vascular Arterio-venous malformations Renal vein thrombosis

Cont. - Other Causes

Extreme exertion Eg – distance

running

Cont. - Other Causes

Bleeding diathesisRenal cystsAcute tubular necrosisThin basement membrane

diseaseLoin pain-haematuria syndrome

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