Clinical Conference II (VCC511)HEMONCHOSIS IN SHEEP

Presenters: Arjun Chapagain,Roll no. 02 Aruna Shrestha, Roll no.03 Ashok subedi, Roll no.04 Lekh Nath Adhikari Roll

no.14 Prafulla Regmi, Roll no.18 Prateema Acharya, Roll

no.20 Sandeep Raj Karna, Roll.24

Case:

Date:2066.11.21 Name of the owner: IAAS

Livestock farm. Address:Rampur,

Chitwan,Nepal Species: Sheep Age: 6 months Chief Complaints:

Aneroxia since 15 days.

Dullness,depression.

mild diarrhoea

History

No deworming history since six months in the flock Grazed in molasses pasture. No concentrate feeding.

Clinical Examination

Mucous membane: Pale (anaemic) Increased respiration and pulse rate. Rough and dull wool Fecal examination: egg of nematode

Nematodiasis

Treatment

Fluid therapyRintose 200 ml for 2 days B complexTribivet 2ml daily for three days DewormingAlgon 200 mg tab at haust.Died after 4days

Tentative Diagnosis

POSTMORTEM LESIONS

Pale carcass. Increase peritoneal fluid Watery blood Abomasum: Ulceration,

Innumerable amount of 15–30 mm long round worms in which white ovaries that coil around the intestines which were filled with blood.

It was easily recognized by its trademark “barber pole” coloration as Haemonchus contortus.

Interpretation and diagnosis

The presence of clinical symptoms as anaemia,oedema can relate to the conditions as

fascioliasis, nutritional deficiency of copper and cobalt Coccidiosis Other parasitic infections causing diarrhoea.

But correlation of all the symptoms, findings and presence of innumerable amount of Haemonchus contortus in abomasum helps us to diagnose it as Hemonchosis.

Discussion

Haemonchus contortus, also known as red stomach worm, wire worm or Barber's pole worm, is very common parasite and one the most pathogenic nematode of ruminants. Adult worms are attached to abomasal mucosa and feed on the blood. This parasite is responsible for anemia, bottle jaw, and death of infected sheep and goats, mainly during summer months in warm, humid climates (Burke, 2008)

Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum:Nemathelminthes

Class:Nematoda

Order:Strongylida Superfamily:Trichostrongyloidea

Family: Trichostrongylidae

Genus:Haemonchus

Species:H. contortus

(soulsby,1982)Size :70-85, 41-48 micrometer

LIFE CYCLE

Difficult to control because

Short, direct life

cycle Prolific egg

producer(5,000 eggs a day)

Can go into “hypobiotic”(arrested) state during winter to survive.

Can survive on pasture for a long time.(Soulsby,1982)

PP 15 days

Pathogenicity and symptoms

The nematode piercing the abomasum causes a number of significant complications in the infected sheep that can lead to death. The infected animals can display severe

dehydration, diarrhea, unthrift appearance, lethargy, depressed low energy

behavior, rough hair coat and uncoordinated movements.

reduced growth and poor reproductive performance

anemia Bottlejaw

DrugsA valuable, limited resource that must be managed properly

1) Benzimidazoles

Fenbendazole(5-7.5mg/kg bwt), Albendazole(5-10mg/kg bwt),

2) Nicotinics

Levamisole(7.5mg/kg bwt), Morantel(10 mg/kg bwt),

3) Macrolides

Avermectins

Ivermectin (1mg/5kg bwt), Doramectin (1mg/5kg bwt),

Moxidectin. (Newest drug has “Persistent activity)

Control

Integrated Parasite Management (IPM) Goal is not to create parasite-free animals. It is normal for sheep

and goats to have parasites. Goal is to prevent clinical disease and production losses.

Fecal egg counts(Egg per gram) Deworm when: >1,000 epg in spring, summer >2,000 epg in fall, winter FAMACHA© and Selective Deworming A system to assess Haemonchus contortis infection in sheep

and goats and the need for deworming individual animals • Named for its originator: Dr. Francois “Faffa” MAlan CHArt

REFERENCES: Burke, Joan,1990.Management of Barber pole Worm

in Sheep and Goats in the Southern U.S. USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemonchus_contortus. retrived on April 25, 2010.

Schoenian Susan.1987. Sheep and Goat Specialist Western Maryland Research & Education Center.

Soulsby, E J L(1982).Helminths Arthopods and protozoa of Domesticated animals.baillierie tindall publication.pp233

Acknowledgement

Dr.D.K.Singh Bishwobandhu Pokharel

Thank you