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  • 7/25/2019 Hal Clause

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    The Circumstantial

    (Hal) ClauseA hal clause is a special kind of Arabic construction that allows you to indicate that

    the action (or event or state) mentioned in the hal clause is occurring at the same timeas the

    action (or event or state) mentioned in the main clause. It can be translated many ways into

    English, but most often you can use the conjunctions whileor whenat the beginning of the

    English subordinate clause. The English equivalents of hal clauses also frequently begin with an

    active participle(the "-ing"adjective form: the "talking" dog, the "working" man).

    The English sentences below would all probably be translated into Arabic using a

    hal clause. The word in italics signals the beginning of the hal clause:

    He arrived whilecarrying a book.

    He arrived carryinga book.

    He arrived witha book in his hand.

    I met Anwar Sadat while/whenhe was president.

    Probably the most difficult thing to become accustomed to--for a native speaker of

    English--in forming hal clauses is that they do not use the exact equivalents of those italicized

    English words in the examples above. Mostly they use the Arabic word (and) or they put theactive participleat the beginning of the clause into the accusative case. Below would be two

    ways of saying in Arabic (using a hal clause) the English sentence"He drank the cof fee while

    looking at her all the time":

    .

    .

    A third way of saying the same thing would be to omit the

    and simply start the hal with the

    present tense verb:

    .

    In this last example the main verb (he drank) sets the action of the entire sentence in the past and

    the present tense form of the second verb (he is looking) doesn't have a temporal function; it

    serves to indicate that the two actions are occurring simultaneously (but both in the past).

    If the action in the hal clause has already taken place while the action in the main

    clause is occurring, this can be indicated by using the phrase at the beginning

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    of the hal clause:

    .

    He got up, having drunk all the coffee.


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