hand nerve reconstruction[1]

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    Mulgtkelch rigelstrugtkel em

    tfi fcl` cmtir pirkpfirchlirvi hiskels

    Gfrkstkcl @udeltkir D.@., Rf.@.

    Klstktut `i hc Dckl, Rcrks, Mrclgi

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    Suistkels 5 

    ^fkgf pirkpfirch lirvi hiskels dcy wi

    rigelstrugt 5

    ^fct dicls ‘mulgtkelch rigelstrugtkel— 5

    ^fct cri tfi fcl` mulgtkels wi wclt terigelstrugt 5

    ^fct cri wi tchakln cjeut 5

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    Rirkpfirch lirvi hiskels 5

    Hiskel el tfi dckl lirvi trulas mer tfifcl`

    Let c jrckl/di`uhhcry hiskelLet c jrcgfkch phixus hiskel

    Di`kcl / uhlcr / Zc`kch lirvi kloury

    Gedprisskel er sigtkel em tfi lirvi

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    Wtcni 3 cl` : sfeuh` rigevir speltclieushy

    Elhy stcni 7 cl` cjevi kl Wul`irhcl`‛s ghcsskffigctkelwkhh lii` sedi typi em ripckr

    PCJHI 3

    Ghcsskffigctkel em Lirvi Kloury

    Wul`irhcl` Wi``el Dcgakllel Kloury

    @inrii K Liurcprcxkc @inrii K Gel`ugtkel jhega, risehvis speltclieushy@inrii KK Cxeletdisks @inrii KK Cxelch rupturi wktfeut kltirruptkel em tfi jcsch hcdklc tujis@inrii KKK @inrii KKK Zupturi em jetf cxels cl` jcsch hcdklc tujis, sedi sgcr@inrii K] @inrii K] Gedphiti sgcr jhega@inrii ] Liuretdisks @inrii ] Gedphiti trclsigtkel

    @inrii ]K Gedjklctkel em K‗] cl` lerdch mcsgkghis

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    Lirvi gedprisskel

     Cjeut :,0 dkhhkel gelsuhtctkels/yicr kl tfi YWC crimer gcrpch tullih

     Cjeut 62,222-322,222 gcrpch tullih rihicsi klMrclgi iviry yicr (surnkgch mii 4 339 " /3=2$/32,222 ¥)

    Di`kgch gests < hess em pre`ugtkel

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    Rctfepfyskeheny em lirvi gedprisskel

    @idyihklctkel `ui teWgfwcll gihh ligreskscl` cpeptesks

     Cxelch pctfeheny

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    Rctfepfyskeheny em lirvi gedprisskel

     Chtirctkel em tfi gihh je`y(klgedphiti rigeviry)

    Deter-il` phcti `inilirctkel(dusghi ctrepfy)

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    Rctfepfyskeheny em lirvi gedprisskel

     Pfi hcdklc ks kltcgt (Dyihklcti`/lel-dyihklcti` cxels)

    Retiltkch mer (sedi) rigeviry cmtir lirvi rihicsi `ui tecxelch ri-nrewtf te tfi rknft lirvi-il`klns jy usklnixkstkln prigksi pctfwcys

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    Mulgtkelch rigelstrugtkel

    ^khh elhy ji kl`kgcti` kl tfi dest siviri hiskels

    =% em deri tfcl 3922 GPW (Meugfir 3;;3)

    Dctsuzcak (:220) riperti` mulgtkelch kdprevidilt kl39 pctkilts wktf 0,9 yicrs mehhew-up kl uhlcr tullihiltrcpdilt wktf dusghi ctrepfy

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    Zisuhts

    Meugfir 3;;3? >7 Gcdktz

    eppelilsphcsty wktf < ;2% nee`risuhts (nee` cltipuhskel cl`/erprelctkel)

    Zkgfir :229? 92 M@W trclsmir322% kdprevidilt

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     Lirvi gedprisskel kl hipresy

     Pfkr` werh` geultrkis

    Hcti prisiltctkel wktf siviri siquihci + kltrc-liurchpctfeheny

    Dcly kl`kgctkels mer mulgtkelch rigelstrugtkel

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    Lirvi trclssigtkel

     Cjeut 7% em fcl` klourkis

    Gesthy

    di`kcl lirvi sigtkel ct tfi mericrd gests cjeut93,222 " (>3,222 $) wktf ;2% em gests `ui te hess

    em pre`ugtkel (Hul`jern)Dest pctkilts wkhh heesi tfikr oej `ui te mulgtkelchhkdktctkels

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    ^fct te `e cmtir c lirvi kloury 5

    Zipckr kt !

    Rrkdcry (er sigel`cry) ripckr ks jymcr tfi jist tigflkqui uskln suturitigflkquis, lirvi nrcmts, lirvigel`ukts,...

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    ^fct te `e cmtir c lirvi kloury 5

    Fewivir kt gcl ji tigflkgchhykdpesskjhi er pfyskehenkgchhy letusimuh te pctkilts

    Mulgtkelch rigelstrugtkel dcy ji csehutkel

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    ^fil ks lirvi ripckr kdpesskjhi 5

    Mckhuri em ripckr

    Rfyskehenkgch hkdktctkels

     Pigflkgchhy pesskjhi jut wkhh mckh

     Pigflkgch hkdktctkels

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    Mckhuri em ripckr

     Cmtir lirvi ripckr, tfiri cri cludjir em de`kffigctkels mredtfi jrckl te tfi il`-phcti/ silsery rigipters tfct dcyixphckl wfy ivil c ‘pirmigt—

    ripckr dcy mckh

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    De`kffigctkel em gertkgch riprisiltctkel

    Liurels `ki mred cpeptesks (up te 92%)

    Lirvi ri-nrewtf cmtir wchhirkcl `inilirctkelks hkdkti` kl tkdi (ripckr wktfkl = deltfs)

    Gfclnis kl `kstch rigipters dcy jigedikrrivirskjhi (3:-36 deltfs)

     Cxelch dks`krigtkel cmtir ripckr

    Rrimiriltkch deter rinilirctkel 5(Jrusfcrt, 3;66)

    Rrimiriltkch silsery rinilirctkel 5(Dcak, 3;;=)

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    Mcgters kluilgkln eutgedi cmtir lirvi ripckr 5

    Ditc-clchysks (=:7 di`kcl/uhlcr lirvi klourkis - Zukos :229)

    Deter cl` silsery rigeviry wiri sknlkffigclthy cssegkcti`(Wpicrdcl r 4 2.=:, p 8 2.223).

    Duhtkvcrkcti henkstkg rinrisskel clchysks sfewi`?

     Cni (8 3= yicrs virsus < 02 yicrs? e``s rctke, 0.71 ;9 pirgilt gelffi`ilgi kltirvch,3.= te 33.:),

    Wkti (prexkdch virsus `kstch? e``s rctke, 2.0=1 ;9 pirgilt gelffi`ilgi kltirvch, 2.:2 te3.32),

    @ihcy (pir deltf? e``s rctke, 2.;01 ;9 pirgilt gelffi`ilgi kltirvch, 2.;2 te 2.;6).

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    Mcgters kluilgkln eutgedi cmtirlirvi ripckr 5

    Mer silsery rigeviry, cni (e``s rctke, :>.21 ;9 pirgilt gelffi`ilgikltirvch, ;.0 te >>.=) cl` `ihcy (pir deltf? e``s rctke, 2.;:1 ;9 pirgilt

    gelffi`ilgi kltirvch, 2.6> te 2.;6) wiri meul` te ji sknlkffigcltpri`kgters.

    Kl uhlcr lirvi klourkis, tfi gfclgi em deter rigeviry wcs>3 pirgilt hewir tfcl kl di`kcl lirvi klourkis (e``s rctke,2.:;1 ;9 pirgilt gelffi`ilgi kltirvch, 2.39 te 2.99).

    Le ivk`ilgi tfct cly tigflkqui (ipkliurkch suturi, mcsgkguhcrsuturi,...) risuhts kl kdprevi` mulgtkelch eutgedi (Hul`jern,

    :220)

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    ^fil ks lirvi ripckr kdpesskjhi 5

    Rfyskehenkgch hkdktctkels

    Rctkilt‛s cni, skti em kloury, skzi em lirvi hess er peer

    hegch gel`ktkels mer lirvi nrcmts Pigflkgch hkdktctkels

    Le `kstch studp cvckhcjhi mer suturkln

    @iffilktkvi ctrepfy em deter il`-phctis (< 3:-36 deltfs)

    Rcrtkch rigeviry cmtir lirvi ripckr er pcrtkch lirvi hiskelser le ghklkgch/IDN prenrisskel 3 yicr cmtir ripckr

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    ^fct cri tfi fcl` mulgtkels5

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    Mulgtkels em tfi fcl`

     C silsery erncl

     C werakln teeh

    @ipil`ilt em c lerdch lirveussystid

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    Mulgtkels em tfi fcl`

    Lirvis chse gcrry pckl cl` sydpctfitkg ffijirs

    Mulgtkelch rigelstrugtkel dicls nkvkln tfi pctkilttfi pesskjkhkty em uskln?

     C pcklhiss fcl`

     C silsktkvi fcl` te miih tfi ilvkreldilt

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    ‘Wydpctfitkg— ripckr 5

     Pe `cti wi fcvi cjsehutihy lepesskjkhkty em ripckr

    Gcl ji viry `kscjhkln

    Geh` kltehirclgi

    @ysistfiskci

    Wu`edeter, Fckr gfclnis ...

    Di`kgch trictdilt (5)

    di`kcl

    di`kcl

    uhlcr

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    Rckl

     Pwe typis em pckl

    @i-cmmiriltctkel ? Le surniry, elhy pckl ghklkg

    Rcklmuh liuredc? Km pckl ghklkg cl` rifcjkhktctkel mckhs,surniry gcl ji kl`kgcti` (sii? Lctf 3;;=)

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    Mulgtkelch rigelstrugtkel

    Kllirvcti` cp trclsmir (Wilsery)

    Lirvi trclsmir (silsery cl` deter)

    @krigt liuretkzctkel (deter)

     Pil`el trclsmir (Deter)

    Wilsery er Deter

    5

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    Mulgtkelch silseryrigelstrugtkel

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     Pfi silsctkelch fcl`

     Ilerdeus gcpcgkty te pirgikvi, teixiguti cl` te ixpriss, skduhtclieushy,

    kl tfi cgt em teugf (Nkjsel, 3;=:)

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     Pfi silsctkelch fcl`

    ‘Pcgtkhi nlesks— (Dýjirn 3;96) khhustrctis tfi kltirphcy

    jitwiil pirkpfirch silsery mulgtkels em tfi fcl` cl`tfi kltirpritctkel em silsery kdprisskels kl tfi jrckl

    Mii`-jcga jitwiil fcl` cl` jrckl ks c pri-riquksktimer rinuhctkel em nrkp strilntf cl` nrkp spii`(Oefclssel, :22:)

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    Wilsery rigelstrugtkel

    Kllirvcti` cps

    Hegch / Zinkelch (pi`kghi`)/ Mrii cps

    Mer di`kcl lirvi tirrktery elhy

    Lirvi trclsmir

    Di`kcl te uhlcr, uhlcr te di`kcl, rc`kch te di`kcl

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    Kllirvcti` Hegch cps

    Dest cri usi` mer puhp klourkis (chh typi emkllirvcti` cps gcl ji usi`)

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    Kllirvcti` Hegch cps

    Elhy mer `kstch `knktch lirvi klourkis

     C`vclgidilt em cl kllirvcti` ]ilactcswcdk‛s cp tegevir tfi `imigt cl` trict c liuredc (Meugfir 3;;3)

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    Fitire-`knktch cps

    @isgrkji` jy Hktthir

    Elhy mer di`kcl lirvi klourkis

     Prclsmir em c pi`kghi` cp mred c silskjhiffilnir wfil uhlcr lirvi ks kltcgt (w/we lirvi`kvkskel/suturi)

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    Fitire-`knktch cps

    Miw kl`kgctkels `ui te siquihci em`eler ffilnir

     C`clk 3;;2 (; gcsis), Audtc 3;;> (3>gcsis), Eac :222 (:3 gcsis)

    Ludjliss wfil cp ks teugfi`, ; dd:R@, `eujhi silsctkel cl` peersilsery swktgfkln mred tfi `eler terigkpkilt skti

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    Fitire-`knktch cps

    Zikllirvcti` akti cp

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    Zikllirvcti` mrii cps

    Mer ‘di`kcl lirvi— klourkis

    Mred tfi meet (@clkih 3;>=, Efderk3;>=, Dklcdk 3;601 Acte 3;6;) cs3st wij spcgi cp cl`/er tei

    trclsmir

    Let spigkffigchhy `isknli` mer lirvi rigelstrugtkel

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    Zikllirvcti` mrii cps

     Pfilcr mrii cp (Edeacwc 3;;=)

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    Lirvi trclsmir

     Liw tigflkqui, le sirkis (]ijir :220)

    Grktirkc 5

    PCJHI 7Grktirkc mer Wilsery Lirvi Prclsmir

    @eler silsery lirvi licr tfi tcrnit silsery lirviIxpil`cjhi `eler silsery lirvi (lelgrktkgch silsery

    `kstrkjutkel)

    @eler silsery lirvi wktf c hcrni ludjir em purisilsery cxels@ilirvcti` `kstch il` em `eler lirvi ripckri` il`-te-

    sk`i te c`ocgilt lerdch silsery lirviWilsery ri-i`ugctkel kdprevis mulgtkelch rigeviry

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    Wilsery ri-kllirvctkel em tfi uhlcr lirvi

    Il`-te-il` trclsmir em tfitfkr` wij spcgi lirvi te tfiuhlcr lirvi (Hiwks 3;60)

    Il`-te-sk`i lirvi trclsmir el

    tfi di`kcl lirviYlpri`kgtcjhi risuhts

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    Wilsery ri-kllirvctkel em tfi di`kcl lirvi

    Yhlcr sk`i em tfudj, rc`kch sk`i em kl`ix

    Dcly cttidpts uskln rc`kch cl`/er uhlcr lirvi mcsgkghis(Fudpfriys :22:) suturi` wktf cl il`-te-sk`itigflkqui te tfi jrclgfis em di`kcl lirvi

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    Wilsery rigelstrugtkel 5

    Dcly cttidpts

    Dcly kltiristkln k`ics

    Miw kltiristkln (mulgtkelch) risuhts te `cti

    Dcy ji wertf trykln kl girtckl gcsis

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    Mulgtkelch deterrigelstrugtkel

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    Deter rigelstrugtkel 5

     Crtfre`isks (oeklt stcjkhkzctkel, rcrihy `eli)

     Pile`isks (rcri kl`kgctkels)

    @krigt liuretkzctkel

    Lirvi trclsmir

     Pil`el trclsmir

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    Oeklt stcjkhkzctkel

     Crtfre`isks dcy ji lii`i` kl sivirigcsis jut ks usuchhy cvek`i` (hest emtfi tile`isks immigt).

    Hkncdilteus ripckr dcy ji lii`i`jimeri til`el trclsmir

    Gcpsuhe`isks gcl fihp kl hcx pctkilts

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     Pile`isks

    Elhy `eli kl viry siviri gcsis wfil tfiri ks letileunf trclsmir te usi

    Rcsskvi mulgtkel

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    @krigt liuretkzctkel

     Icrhy :2tf giltury (Fikliai 3;301 Irhcgfir 3;301Wtikl`hir 3;39,...) dcklhy `eli mer pehkedyihktks wktfpeer risuhts

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    @krigt liuretkzctkel

    Le pujhksfi` sirkis

    >:% nee` te ixgihhilt risuhts cgger`kln te Jrulihhkevir :22 gcsis gehhigti` kl tfi hktircturi

    Lj gcsis 33 : 2

    Jkgips 6 0 7

     Pfilcr dusghis 0 7 3

     Petch =9 7> = 3

    Etfir stu`kis :2= 32= :; 7:

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    Lirvi trclsmir

    Wedi cttidpts fcvi jiil dc`i

    Rrklgkphis cri viry skdkhcr mer deter cl` silserylirvi trclsmirs

    PCJHI :

    Grktirkc mer Deter Lirvi Prclsmir

    @eler lirvi licr deter il` phctis em tcrnit dusghi (sfertist `kstclgi sfertist tkdi mer rikllirvctkel)Ixpil`cjhi er ri`ul`clt `eler deter lirvi@eler lirvi wktf puri deter lirvi ffijirs@eler deter lirvi wktf c hcrni ludjir em deter cxels@eler lirvi kllirvctis c dusghi tfct ks sylirnkstkg te tfi tcrnit dusghi (primirri` jut let riqukri` te mcgkhktcti ri-

    i`ugctkel)Deter ri-i`ugctkel kdprevis mulgtkelch rigeviry

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    Deter lirvi trclsmir

     Pirdklch jrclgf em cltirkerkltiressieus lirvi te `iip deter

    jrclgf em uhlcr lirvi (^cln & _u3;;>, Jcttkstel 3;;;, Levca:22:, ^ee` :220)

    h hh -

    h h -.

    h h h

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    Deter lirvi trclsmir

    Di`kcl lirvi (MGZ) terc`kch lirvi ct tfi ihjew(Dcgakllel 3;;;)

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    Deter lirvi trclsmir

    Zc`kch lirvi te di`kcl lirvi(Dcgakllel :222)

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    Lirvi trclsmir

    Le sirkis, sedikdprevidilt ks ghckdi`

    Dcy ji wertf trykln klsedi rcri gcsis

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     Pil`el trclsmir ks stkhh tfi

    desthy usi` tigflkqui merdeter rigelstrugtkel

    ^ktf tfi fihp em Gcrehkli Highirgq

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    Rrklgkphis

    @e let ji fcrdmuh !

    Alew wfct te `e

    Alew wfct gcl ji `eli

    Alew wfct yeu gcl `e

    Icgf pctkilt ks ulkqui

    Dcly eptkels cri cvckhcjhiDcly tixtjeeas `isgrkjitfi tigflkquis wktf `itckhscl` fknfhknfts tfi prklgkphis

    (Psuni, Rrklgkphis cl`Rrcgtkgis em Fcl` Wurniry)

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    Rrklgkphis (:)

     Pcai nrict gcri em semt tkssui iqukhkjrkud

    Nee` sakl gevircni (lii` c cp jimeri trclsmir 5)Dejkhi oeklts (crtfrehysks 5)

    Wtcjhi oeklts (stcjkhkzctkel 5)

    Wtcjhi saihitch chknldilt

    Pcjhi 3   Zihctkvi strilntf em dusghis kl tfi fcl` cl` meri-G

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    Rrklgkphis (7)

    Gfeesi c deter dusghi wktf tfi rknftstrilntf

    Gfeesi c deter dusghi wktf tfi rknftcdphktu`i ?

    ^rkst til`els 77 dd - Mklnirixtilsers? 92 dd, Mklnir ixers? >2

    dd

    Gfeesi c dusghi em nrc`i 0+ er deri

    Mernit cnelksd/cltcnelksd

    Pcjhi :   Ixgurskel em dusghiskltfi c`uhtmericrdcl` fcl`

    Dusghi Ixgurskel (gd)Jrcgfkerc k̀chks 0.2

    Mhixer`knkterudpremul̀ us (M@R) >.2

    Mhixer`knkterudsupir¢gkchks (M@W) =.9

    Ixtilserpehhkgkshelnus (IRH) =.2

    Ixtilser `knkterud geddulks (I@G) 9.2

    Ixtilserkl k̀gksprepkus (IKR) 9.2

    Mhixer pehhkgks helnus (MRH) 9.2

    Mhixer gcrpk uhlcrks (MGY) 7.2

    Mhixer gcrpk rc k̀chks (MGZ) 7.2

    Ixtilser gcrpkrc k̀chkshelnus (IGZH) 7.2Ixtilser gcrpkrc k̀chksjrivks (IGZJ) 7.2

    Ixtilser gcrpk uhlcrks (IGY) 7.2

    Ixtilserpehhkgksjrivks (IRJ) 7.2

    Cj ùgterpehhkgkshelnus (CRH) 7.2

    Hudjrkgch 7.6

    Pfilcr dusghis 7.6

    Kltiressik :.2

    Zipre`ugi` mred Nihjirdcl ZF. Epirctkvi Lirvi

    Zipckr cl ̀ Zigelstrugtkel. Rfkhc`ihpfkc? Hkppklgett, 3;;31

    396>, wktf pirdksskel.

    crd, tcakln MGZ 4 3

    Dusghi Wtrilntf rihctkvi te MGZ

    Jrcgfkerc k̀chks :.2

    Mhixer gcrpk uhlcrks :.2

    IGZH,IGZJ,IGY,RP,MRH,M@W, [email protected] (icgf til`el)

    I@G, IKR, I@S 2.9 (icgf til`el)

    CRH, IRJ, RH 2.3 (icgf til`el)

    Kltiressik :.> (tetch/gedjkli )̀

    Hudjrkgchs 2.9 (tetch/gedjkli )̀

    Zipre`ugi` mred Nihjirdcl ZF. Epirctkvi Lirvi

    Zipckr cl ̀ Zigelstrugtkel. Rfkhc`ihpfkc? Hkppklgett, 3;;31

    396>, wktf pirdksskel.

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    Rrklgkphis (0)

    Gfeesi tfi strcknftist trcoigtery

    Gress elhy eli oeklt

     Cvek` sfcrp clnhis kl tfi pctf em tfi trclsmir

     C`iqucti `kstch ffixctkel (riskstclt jut lel c`firilt cl`lel-ksgfidkg)

     C`iqucti tilskelkln (Neh`lir ‘=2% hilntf—1 Geeliy1Ixpirkilgi)

    Zifcjkhktctkel (gedphkclgi 5)

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    Wtrctiny

    Eli til`el gcl elhy ripckr eli mulgtkel

    Gfeesi til`el cgger`kln te pctkilt‛s lii`s

    Wihigt tfi dest kdpertclt mulgtkel te ripckr ffirst cl`c`` c``ktkelch pregi`uris (oeklt muskel, tile`isks,...)

    Kl tfi lerdch mericrd cl` fcl` tfiri cri 92 dusghis tecgtkvcti devidilt. Pfi gfekgi ks dc`i el tfi jcsks em tfi

    cvckhcjhi pesskjkhktkis cl` tfi `idcl`s

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    Zc`kch lirvi

    Z `k h m tk t

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    Zc`kch lirvi mulgtkel te

    risteri

    ^rkst ixtilskel

    Mklnir ixtilskel

     Pfudj ixtilskel

    GDG oeklt stcjkhkty

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    ^rkst ixtilskel

    Rrelcter tiris te Ixtilser gcrpk rc`kchks jrivks

    Lii` te tcai c strkp em pirkestiud

    Wfeuh` ji ffixi` ct tfi il` (te tist ffilnir ixtilskeluskln tfi tile`isks immigt)

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    Mklnir & tfudj ixtilskel

    MGY creul` tfi wrkst te I@G, IKR (+/- IRH) & RH te

    IRH (Pujkclc)

    MGZ tfreunf tfi KED te I@G, IKR (Psuni, Jrcl`)

    M@W 7,0 tfreunf KED te I@G (rkln), IKR & IRH (heln)

    (Jeyis)

    Wuturis cri dc`i prexkdch te ixtilser ritklcguhud

    cl` pcrchyzi` til`els cri let `kvk`i`

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    Mklnir & tfudj ixtilskel

    MGY creul` tfi wrkst te I@G, IKR (+/- IRH) & RH te

    IRH (Pujkclc)

    MGZ tfreunf tfi KED te I@G, IKR (Psuni, Jrcl`)

    M@W 7,0 tfreunf KED te I@G (rkln), IKR & IRH (heln)

    (Jeyis)

    Wuturis cri dc`i prexkdch te ixtilser ritklcguhud

    cl` pcrchyzi` til`els cri let `kvk`i`

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    Zisuhts

     Cdphktu`i? wrkst ixers 7 gd, Mklnir ixtilsers 9 gd

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    Zisuhts? @ullitt 3;;9

    0; kloury te tfi rc`kch lirvi (::) er jrcgfkch phixus (:>).

    9.= yicrs MY. Mulgtkel kdprevi` kl 60%

    Kdpckri` geer`klctkel cl` `ixtirkty < =2%

    Rridcturi mctknui < 62%

    ^rkst pewir ixtilskel ::% em geltrchctirch sk`i (6% te62%), pewir em `knktch ixtilskel wcs 73% (9% te372%), cl` pewir nrkp wcs ri`ugi` te 02% (9% te6=%).

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    Di`kcl lirvi

    Di`kcl lirvi mulgtkel te

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    Di`kcl lirvi mulgtkel te

    risteri Pfudj cj`ugtkel cl` eppesktkel (hew pchsy)

     Pfudj ixkel (fknf pchsy)

    Mhixkel em tfi kl`ix cl` dk``hi ffilnirs (fknf pchsy)

    (Kdprevi silskjkhkty evir `kstrkjutkel em tfi di`kcl

    lirvi )

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    Rri-riquksktis jimeri eppesktkel trclsmir

    Heln-stcl`kln pchsy dcyhic` te ffirst wijgeltrcgturi, supklctkel`imerdkty cl` oeklt stkmmlisstfct dcy lii` surnkgchrihicsi jimeri til`eltrclsmir

    Dejkhi GDG

     C`iqucti 3st wij

    Rcsskvi eppesktkel

    Mklnir detkel

    Mulgtkelkln IRH, MRH, CRH

    (Pfudj cl` ffilnir silskjkhkty)

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     Pfudj eppesktkel

     ]crkeus tigflkquis cl` trclsmirs fcvi jiil `isgrkji`,jetf pcsskvi cl` cgtkvi cl` sfeuh` ji tckheri` te tfipctkilt‛s lii`

    IKR te CRJ (cl` IRH) - Cnukrri & Gcphcl

    M@W (rkln) jut usuchhy iktfir siviri` er pcrchyzi` cl`lii` deri mergi (07%) te ejtckl tfi scdi mulgtkel(Cl`irsel 3;;:)

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    IKR trclsmir

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     Pfudj eppesktkel

     Pfi deter (IKR / M@W)

     Pfi puhhiy 5

     Pfi `kstch ffixctkel 5

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     Pfi puhhiy

     C``ugtkel ks prepertkelch te tfi

    hilntf em tfi dedilt jitwiiltil`els cl` cxks em ixkel (V)

     Cltiixkel ks prepertkelch te tfihilntf em tfi dedilt jitwiiltil`el cl` cxks em PD ([)

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    @kstch ffixctkel

     Cheln tfi cxks em tfi CRJ

    Ixpclskel te tfi `ersud em tficxks km ixtilsers cri wica (Zecgf:223)

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    M@W trclsmir

    Hess em nrkp strilntf

    Hess em RKR ixtilskel (6² kl 92%em pctkilts Lertf 3;62)

    Nee` te ixgihhilt risuhts kl=2-69% em pctkilts (Jefr 3;97,Oilsil 3;>6, Cl`irsel 3;;:)

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    Zisuhts

     Cl`irsel 3;;: (3== pts)

    6;% nee` te ixgihhilt cmtir IKR, 69%cmtir M@W

    IKR < M@W kl tfikr sirkis

    M@W (rkln) lii`s deri mergi (07%) teejtckl tfi scdi mulgtkel

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    Yhlcr lirvi

    PCJHI 0

    Ksehcti` Yhlcr Rchsy

    Lii`i` Mulgtkel Rrimirri` Deter Chtirlcti Prclsmir

    Pfudj c``ugtkel mer aiy

    pklgf (hew pchsy)

    IGZJ, wktf mrii til`el nrcmt jitwiil

    tfkr  ̀‗meurtf ditcgcrpchs, te til`el em

    CRJ

    M@W (dk``hi) te cj`ugter tujirghi em tfudj,

    wktf pchdcr mcsgkc cs puhhy

    Pfudj-kl`ix t kp pklgf Whkp em CRH te  ffirst `ersch kltiressieus

    til`el, cl` crtfre`isks DGR oeklt em

    tfudj

    IRJ te   ffirst `ersch kltiressieus til`el, km

    DGR oeklt em tfudj crtfre`isi`

    Rrexkdch pfchclx pewir

    ixkel cl` kltinrctkel em

    DGR cl` KR detkel

    (ghcwi`  ffilnirs)

    IGZH wktf :- er 0-tckhi` nrcmt pcssi` vehcr

    te `iip trclsvirsi ditcgcrpch hkncdilt

    te iktfir C: puhhiy em   ixer sfictf er te

    rc`kch jcl` em tfi `ersch cppcrctus

    Km wrkst   ixkel geltrcgturi, MGZ wktf 0-tckhi`

    nrcmt te iktfir   ixer sfictf (C: puhhiy) er

    hctirch jcl`s em `ersch cppcrctus

    Ditcgcrpch (pchdcr)trclsvirsi crgf cl`

    c``ugtkel mer sdchh   ffilnir

    I@D til`el ks sphkt cl` uhlcr fchm kstrclsmirri` vehcr te `iip trclsvirsi

    ditcgcrpch hkncdilt te rc`kch gehhctirch

    hkncdilt em prexkdch pfchclx er C:

    puhhiy em tfi   ixer sfictf (I@G em sdchh

    ffilnir dust ji immigtkvi)

    Km sdchh  ffi

    lnir ks ghcwi` cs wihh cscj`ugti`, klsirt uhlcr fchm em I@D elhy

    klte C: puhhiy

    ]ehcr silskjkhkty mer rkln cl`

    sdchh   ffilnirs

    Rrexkdch di`kcl `knktch lirvi trclshegcti`

    te `kstch uhlcr `knktch lirvi

    Mrii er vcsguhcrkzi` lirvi nrcmt

    @kstch   ffilnir  ixkel‐mer rkln

    cl` sdchh  ffilnirs (fknf

    pchsy)

    M@R (dk``hi) tile`isi` te M@R (rkln cl`

    sdchh), wktf pesskjhi til`isks em `kstch KR

     oeklts kl tfi rkln cl` sdchh  ffilnirs^rkst   ixkel‐uhlcr sk`i MGZ te klsirtkel em MGY RH te klsirtkel em MGY

    Mred Edir :220

    Mulgtkel te risteri cmtir hew uhlcr

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    Mulgtkel te risteri cmtir hew uhlcrlirvi pchsy

    Hess em fypetfilcr dusghis

    ^crtiljirn‛s sknl

    Hess em trclsvirsi ditcgcrpchcrgf

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    Hess em gcrpch crgf

    Jullihh‛s tigflkqui fcvi jiil

    cjcl`eli`

    Zclliy‛s trclsmir (I@S) ksseditkdis pirmerdi`

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    Gerrigtkel em ^crtiljirn‛s

     Prclsmir em tfi uhlcr shkp em tfi I@D te tfi rc`kch sk`i

    Kl gcsi em ghcwkln, tfi rc`kch shkp ks trclsmirri` vehcrhy

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    Mulgtkel te risteri cmtir hew uhlcr

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    Mulgtkel te risteri cmtir hew uhlcrlirvi pchsy

    Hess em kltiressieus dusghi (+hudjrkgchis)

    Ghcw fcl`

    Hess em aiy pklgf (32% lh)

    Hess em lerdch ffilnir ixkelHess em strilntf (>2-62% hess)

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    Ghcw fcl` gerrigtkel

    Wtctkg pregi`uris (gcpsuhe`isks cl` stctkg tile`isks,

    rcrihy jeli jhega)@ylcdkg pregi`uris

    @ylcdkg tile`isks (Mewhir)

     Pil`el trclsmir

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    Gcpsuhe`isks

    Wtritgf wktf tkdi wfctivirtfi tigflkgch vcrkctkels

    usi` kl hcx pctkilts

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    M@W trclsmir

    Hcsse

    Rctkilts wkhh heesi :2% em

    tfikr nrkp strilntf

    Jeli (Jurafchtir)

    Wtkhis-Jullihh (km Jeuvkir‛s

    dcliuvir `eis let gerrigtfypirixtilskel)

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    @rcwjcgas

    Jrcl`sdc (3;;:) ejsirvi` 39%swcl-liga `imerdkty, :;% @KR ixkel

    geltrcgturi cl` :=% RKR ixkelgeltrcgturi evir 396 M@W trclsmirs

    Lertf (3;62) ejsirvi` legedphkgctkels

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    Zisuhts

    Ezacl :227 (00 pctkilts)

    Hcsse cl` IGZH-0 tckh dest immigtkvi mernrkp strilntf

    M@W 0-tckh dest suggissmuh kl gerrigtkln

    tfi ghcw fcl` `imerdkty, ispigkchhy klheln-stcl`kln pcrchysks kl wfkgf tfiriwcs ihelnctkel em tfi ixtilsercppcrctus.

    3st kltiressieus risterctkel

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    3st kltiressieus risterctkel

     CRH cggissery shkp (+nrcmt) (Livkcsir 3;62)

    RH (+ nrcmt) (Furcycdc3;6=)

    IRJ (Jrulir 3;06)

    Mulgtkel te risteri cmtir hew uhlcr

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    Mulgtkel te risteri cmtir hew uhlcrlirvi pchsy

    Hess em Pfilcr dusghis

    Oiclli‛s cl` Mredilt‛s sknlsHess em aiy pklgf

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     Pfudj c``ugtkel

    M@W (rkln) te uhlcr sk`i em tfi tfudj

    IKR (er IGZJ + nrcmt) tfreunf tfiditcgcrpchs

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    Zisuhts

    Mksgfir :227, ; pctkilts, IGZH te CR, CRH te 3st @KE

    Aiy pklgf >7%, puhp-te-puhp pklgf >:%, pewir nrkp>7%

    Mergi em tfudj c``ugtkel =7%

    Mergi em kl`ix ffilnir cj`ugtkel 96%

    Hcrni vcrkctkels jitwiil pctkilts

    Gedjkli` hiskels

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    Gedjkli` hiskelsPCJHI =

    Gedjkli` Fknf (Rrexkdch) Di`kcl cl` Yhlcr Rchsy

    Lii`i` Mulgtkel Rrimirri` Deter Chtirlcti Prclsmir

    Pfudj c``ugtkel

    (CR)‐aiy pklgf

    IGZJ wktf mrii til`el nrcmt jitwiil

    tfkr` cl` meurtf ditcgcrpchs te

    CRJ til`el

    JZ er IKR wktf mrii til`el nrcmt jitwiil tfkr` cl`

    meurtf ditcgcrpchs te cj`ugter tujirghi em tfudj

    (CRJ til`el)Pfudj  ixkel (KR oeklt) JZ te MRH kl mericrd Pile`isks em MRH `kstch te DGR oeklt em tfudjPfudj cj`ugtkel (CRJ) IKR wktf pkskmerd puhhiy te klsirtkel

    CRJ til`el (phus) IRH til`el

    IRH er IGY wktf mrii nrcmt creul` pkskmerd puhhiy

    te CRJ til`el (tfudj DGR ks crtfre`isi` cl`

    le cgtkvi detkel ct tfudj KR oeklt)Pfudj‐kl ìx tkp pklgf Pfudj DGR oeklt crtfre`isks1 cl`

    CRH shkp wktf mrii til`el nrcmt te

    ffirst `ersch kltiressieus til`el

    IRJ er RH te   ffirst `ersch kltiressieus, cl` muskel

    em tfudj DGR oeklt

    Mklnir  ixkel (M@R) IGZH te chh 0 til èls em M@R wktf

    pesskjhi tile`isks em `kstch KR em

    uhlcr 7   ffilnirs

    Jkgips jrcgfkk ixtil`i` wktf MGZ til`el te

    til`els em M@R

    Rewir mer  ixkel em

    prexkdch pfchclx wktf

    kltinrctkel em DGR

    cl` KR detkel

    (ghcwi`  ffi

    lnirs)

    Pile`isks em chh 0 `knkts wktf mrii

    til`el nrcmt mred `ersch gcrpch

    hkncdilt vehcr te `iip trclsvirsi

    ditcgcrpch hkncdilt te hctirch

    jcl`s em ixtilser cppcrctus (er)mred `iip trclsvirsi ditcgcrpch

    hkncdilt te ixtilser cppcrctus

    Gcpsuhe`isks em DGR vehcr gcpsuhi (er)

    crtfre`isks em RKR oeklts (er) crtfre`isks em DGR

     oeklts

    Ditcgcrpch (pchdcr)

    crgf cl` c``ugtkel

    mer sdchh   ffilnir

    I@D te `iip trclsvirsi ditcgcrpch

    hkncdilt (I@G em sdchh   ffilnir dust

    ji cgtkvi)

    I@D te rc`kch hctirch jcl`s (ixtilser fee`) em tfi

    rkln cl` sdchh   ffilnir

    ^rkst  ixkel   ‐   IGY te klsirtkel em MGYDi`kcl cl` uhlcr vehcr

    silskjkhkty

    Wupirffigkch rc`kch kllirvcti` kl`ix

    ffihhit  cp te pchd (er)   ffirst `ersch

    ditcgcrpch crtiry liurevcsguhcr

    kshcl` pi`kghi 

    cp

    Wupirffigkch rc`kch lirvi trclshegctkel (er) mrii

    vcsguhcrkzi` lirvi nrcmt

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    Gelghuskels

    Lirvi ripckr ks tfi jist tigflkqui cvckhcjhi ivil kmrisuhts cri stkhh `kscppekltkln

    Wilsery `iffigkt ks c dcoer gedphkgctkel wfkgfrigelstrugtkel ks `kmffiguht wktf hkdkti` risuhts

     Pil`el trclsmir cri wihh `isgrkji` mer gedphitipcrchytkg fcl`

    Kl`kgctkels cri hiss `isgrkji` mer pctkilts wktf pcrtkchrigeviry