handbook of psychology · 2017. 11. 28. · contents handbook of psychology preface xiii irving b....
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HANDBOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY
HANDBOOK OF PSYCHOLOGYVOLUME 2: RESEARCH METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY
Second Edition
Volume Editors
JOHN A. SCHINKA AND WAYNE F. VELICER
Editor-in-Chief
IRVING B. WEINER
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:Handbook of psychology / Irving B. Weiner, editor-in-chief. — 2nd ed.
v. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-470-61904-9 (set) – ISBN 978-0-470-89064-6 (cloth : v.2); ISBN 978-1-118-28203-8 (ebk.); ISBN 978-1-118-28254-0 (ebk.);
ISBN 978-1-118-28628-9 (ebk.)1. Psychology. I. Weiner, Irving B.BF121.H213 2013150—dc23
2012005833
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
My efforts in this work are dedicated to Couper Harowski and Henry Harowski.J.A.S.
This volume is dedicated to Scott and Clayton, two young men who make a father very proud.W.F.V.
Editorial Board
Volume 1History of PsychologyDonald K. Freedheim, PhDCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio
Volume 2Research Methods in PsychologyJohn A. Schinka, PhDUniversity of South FloridaTampa, Florida
Wayne F. Velicer, PhDUniversity of Rhode IslandKingston, Rhode Island
Volume 3Behavioral NeuroscienceRandy J. Nelson, PhDOhio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio
Sheri J. Y. Mizumori, PhDUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, Washington
Volume 4Experimental PsychologyAlice F. Healy, PhDUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, Colorado
Robert W. Proctor, PhDPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana
Volume 5Personality and Social PsychologyHoward Tennen, PhDUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmington, Connecticut
Jerry Suls, PhDUniversity of IowaIowa City, Iowa
Volume 6Developmental PsychologyRichard M. Lerner, PhDM. Ann Easterbrooks, PhDJayanthi Mistry, PhDTufts UniversityMedford, Massachusetts
Volume 7Educational PsychologyWilliam M. Reynolds, PhDHumboldt State UniversityArcata, California
Gloria E. Miller, PhDUniversity of DenverDenver, Colorado
Volume 8Clinical PsychologyGeorge Stricker, PhDArgosy University DCArlington, Virginia
Thomas A. Widiger, PhDUniversity of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky
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viii Editorial Board
Volume 9Health PsychologyArthur M. Nezu, PhDChristine Maguth Nezu, PhDPamela A. Geller, PhDDrexel UniversityPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania
Volume 10Assessment PsychologyJohn R. Graham, PhDKent State UniversityKent, Ohio
Jack A. Naglieri, PhDUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville, Virginia
Volume 11Forensic PsychologyRandy K. Otto, PhDUniversity of South FloridaTampa, Florida
Volume 12Industrial and Organizational
PsychologyNeal W. Schmitt, PhDMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing, Michigan
Scott Highhouse, PhDBowling Green State UniversityBowling Green, Ohio
Contents
Handbook of Psychology Preface xiiiIrving B. Weiner
Volume Preface xvJohn A. Schinka and Wayne F. Velicer
Contributors xxi
I FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH ISSUES 1
1 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 3Roger E. Kirk
2 EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS 34John T. Behrens, Kristen E. DiCerbo, Nedim Yel, and Roy Levy
3 STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS 71Joseph S. Rossi
4 METHODS FOR HANDLING MISSING DATA 109John W. Graham, Patricio E. Cumsille, and Allison E. Shevock
5 EFFECT SIZE ESTIMATION AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS 142Fiona Fidler and Geoff Cumming
6 EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS: BASICS AND BEYOND 164James B. Hoelzle and Gregory J. Meyer
7 CLUSTERING AND CLASSIFICATION METHODS 189Glenn W. Milligan and Stephen C. Hirtle
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II RESEARCH METHODS IN SPECIFIC CONTENT AREAS 211
8 CLINICAL FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY 213Kevin S. Douglas, Randy K. Otto, Sarah L. Desmarais, and Randy Borum
9 HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 245Linda J. Luecken and Rika Tanaka
10 RESEARCH METHODS IN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 274Russell M. Bauer and Callie Beck Dunn
11 RESEARCH DESIGNS FOR PROGRAM EVALUATION 316Vivian C. Wong, Coady Wing, Peter M. Steiner, Manyee Wong, and Thomas D. Cook
12 BEHAVIOR GENETICS 342Christina N. Lessov-Schlaggar, Arpana Agrawal, and Gary E. Swan
III MEASUREMENT ISSUES 367
13 MOOD MEASUREMENT: CURRENT STATUSAND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 369David Watson and Jatin G. Vaidya
14 MEASURING PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 395Leslie C. Morey
15 UTILIZING MIXED METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 428Abbas Tashakkori, Charles Teddlie, and Marylyn C. Sines
16 ITEM RESPONSE THEORY AND MEASURING ABILITIES 451Karen M. Schmidt and Susan E. Embretson
17 AN OVERVIEW OF LATENT CURVE AND LATENT CHANGESCORE ANALYSES 474John J. McArdle and John R. Nesselroade
IV DATA ANALYSIS ISSUES 509
18 MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION 511Leona S. Aiken, Stephen G. West, Steven C. Pitts, Amanda N. Baraldi, and Ingrid C. Wurpts
19 LOGISTIC REGRESSION: BASIC FOUNDATIONSAND NEW DIRECTIONS 543Alfred De Maris
Contents xi
20 META-ANALYSIS 571Frank L. Schmidt
21 SURVIVAL ANALYSIS 595John B. Willett, Judith D. Singer, and Suzanne E. Graham
22 TIME SERIES ANALYSIS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 628Wayne F. Velicer and Peter C. Molenaar
23 STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING 661Jodie B. Ullman and Peter M. Bentler
24 AN INTRODUCTION TO LATENT CLASS AND LATENTTRANSITION ANALYSIS 691Stephanie T. Lanza, Bethany C. Bray, and Linda M. Collins
25 STATISTICAL MEDIATION ANALYSIS 717David P. MacKinnon and Davood Tofighi
Author Index 737
Subject Index 765
Handbook of Psychology Preface
The first edition of the 12-volume Handbook of Psychol-ogy was published in 2003 to provide a comprehensiveoverview of the current status and anticipated future direc-tions of basic and applied psychology and to serve asa reference source and textbook for the ensuing decade.With 10 years having elapsed, and psychological knowl-edge and applications continuing to expand, the time hascome for this second edition to appear. In addition to well-referenced updating of the first edition content, this secondedition of the Handbook reflects the fresh perspectives ofsome new volume editors, chapter authors, and subjectareas. However, the conceptualization and organizationof the Handbook , as stated next, remain the same.
Psychologists commonly regard their discipline as thescience of behavior, and the pursuits of behavioral scien-tists range from the natural sciences to the social sciencesand embrace a wide variety of objects of investigation.Some psychologists have more in common with biologiststhan with most other psychologists, and some have morein common with sociologists than with most of their psy-chological colleagues. Some psychologists are interestedprimarily in the behavior of animals, some in the behav-ior of people, and others in the behavior of organizations.These and other dimensions of difference among psycho-logical scientists are matched by equal if not greater het-erogeneity among psychological practitioners, who apply avast array of methods in many different settings to achievehighly varied purposes. This 12-volume Handbook of Psy-chology captures the breadth and diversity of psychologyand encompasses interests and concerns shared by psy-chologists in all branches of the field. To this end, lead-ing national and international scholars and practitionershave collaborated to produce 301 authoritative and detailedchapters covering all fundamental facets of the discipline.
Two unifying threads run through the science of behav-ior. The first is a common history rooted in conceptualand empirical approaches to understanding the nature ofbehavior. The specific histories of all specialty areas inpsychology trace their origins to the formulations of theclassical philosophers and the early experimentalists, andappreciation for the historical evolution of psychology inall of its variations transcends identifying oneself as a par-ticular kind of psychologist. Accordingly, Volume 1 in theHandbook , again edited by Donald Freedheim, is devotedto the History of Psychology as it emerged in many areasof scientific study and applied technology.
A second unifying thread in psychology is a commit-ment to the development and utilization of research meth-ods suitable for collecting and analyzing behavioral data.With attention both to specific procedures and to theirapplication in particular settings, Volume 2, again editedby John Schinka and Wayne Velicer, addresses ResearchMethods in Psychology .
Volumes 3 through 7 of the Handbook present thesubstantive content of psychological knowledge in fiveareas of study. Volume 3, which addressed Biological Psy-chology in the first edition, has in light of developments inthe field been retitled in the second edition to cover Behav-ioral Neuroscience. Randy Nelson continues as editor ofthis volume and is joined by Sheri Mizumori as a new co-editor. Volume 4 concerns Experimental Psychology andis again edited by Alice Healy and Robert Proctor. Volume5 on Personality and Social Psychology has been reorga-nized by two new co-editors, Howard Tennen and JerrySuls. Volume 6 on Developmental Psychology is againedited by Richard Lerner, Ann Easterbrooks, and Jayan-thi Mistry. William Reynolds and Gloria Miller continueas co-editors of Volume 7 on Educational Psychology .
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