Hanoi Old Quarter

I. History1. History of Hanoi Old Quarter: Residential living and bustling was formed from the Ly - Tran,

located on the east side of Thang Long royal place to watch the Red River

Le era, between this region has some lakes, the largest is Thai Cuc lake. Lich river connection with moat, lakes, Hoan Kiem Lake and through the Red River in this area

Ly – Tran era, people from the villages around the northern plains throng living area, forming the capital city's busiest streets. By Le, gradually had some Chinese trade here, forming Chinatown

Colonial times, after filling all the lakes, towns embellishment, Indian, French traders also came here. Two small markets to be freed up to Dong Xuan Market, tram rails Lakes - Thuy Khue also runs through here

2. Confine There are about 100 street corners like interlaced network traffic in

Hanoi Old Quarter. Due to the characteristics of the plan, each specializing street or something that sells products should be calling and distinctive name, usually the name begins with the letter "Hang ": Hang Dieu, Hang Dong ... had circulated an interesting term "Hanoi 36 streets“.

Currently - 2007, there are over 50 cities with names starting with "Hang " in the area of Hanoi Old Quarter

3. The ancient links with the old routine Due to the characteristics of the plan, each specializing

street or something that sells products should be calling and distinctive name, such as: Hang Ma, where old is making and selling fake, all weak paper (yellow bars, clothing).

The market area with enough items "upper lower gold dust", with trading style sometimes under "traditional" markup and bargaining, where large-scale and reputation is "Dong Xuan Market.

Come to the Old Quarter of Hanoi, to live together or separately with the urban culture of traditional here, though visitors are often difficult to remain where attracted by the value of the intangible cultural, and contained living in about 100 units and physical structures, the ruins of the ancient temples (Buddhist shrine), the old house (church tutelary god), and the temples and shrines, old shops

II. Traditional architecture

1. History

Hanoi Old Quarter was formed and developed in the economic development of the ancient Thang Long period and Hanoi today. Hanoi's Old Quarter is a unique architectural ensemble imbued with national identity and Vietnam in general to characterize own Hanoi

- Houses built before 1890: A type of traditional housing stock of Hanoi's Old Quarter, this kind of common characteristics:

This is tubular, in-depth development, two houses adjoining wall together

. Inside the courtyard for light ventilation. usually 1 to 2 common courtyard.

The shape is a common architectural roofing? The first two peaks roof of the house is two blocks prominent rectangular, brick building called the league office roof.

Usually the oldest one floor, or small 1-story loft above for storage cargo.

- Houses built from 1890 - 1930: Late 19th century, the history of Vietnam has transformed remarkably powerful. But in the Old Quarter of Hanoi is still sufficient housing exists, usually by the merchants.

French colonialists invaded Vietnam and Hanoi was chosen as the political and economic center for the entire South East Asia. Zone 36 streets are extended as a trade center, so houses with shops widely, starting in the Old Quarter.

Some houses using prefabricated brick. Sometimes concrete is used for roofing flows, as space is pre traditional building techniques but more advanced.

- Houses built from 1931 - 1954: The building method is similar tradition ago.

- House built from 1955 - 1975: Due to the effects of war, this time the door was not developed. Materials are still traditional materials as before.

 - Houses built after 1975: There is the traditional form of architecture was built or renovated in the form of modern architecture with an average of 2 storey concrete floor and wherever possible with the cornices angle more to increase the area in . The plywood door replaced with iron door pull.Over the years of history, the traditional houses in Hanoi's Old Quarter have been transformed into the remaining number not much has changed many forms however facade structure and performance space folds the preserved remains basic

2. Space and Function Houses in Hanoi old quarter is three

or five houses had time to change, are arranged in layers separated by a small courtyard development primarily under specific life needs a family.

The store opened for sales in the home have a street frontage width is an important issue and inevitable.

Mezzanine to store inventory or bedroom should be no more than 2.2m high

That kind of architecture to ensure good ventilation and light and for the chamber - a room, in the same layer in contact with the field kitchen, toilets and accommodation of the family maid.

Traditional house in Hanoi's Old Quarter is tubular, has the architectural features of the building period 1890

The house is usually built perpendicular to the streetGround space the traditional architecture of Hanoi Old

Quarter, which is:House 1 - Field 1 - State 2-Ground 2 - Kitchens - House

3 (toilet, warehouse)

Such the architectural space of the house is divided by each of layer house and yard:

- The outer layer (House 1 - Field 1): 1 for sales floor, the second floor is the living space and worship space.

- The middle layer (State 2 - Ground 2): 1st floor includes storage place for goods and maid; 2nd floor is the master bedroom of the house with the front porch roof is a place to drink tea, play chess and back porch

The two layers are separated by a large courtyard for light and ventilation for the whole house? First pitch, homeowners decorated with bonsai pots to bring more focus to the natural state space. Ground 2; partial shade where cooking (kitchen), the rest of the field as rain water tanks for washing and pitch.

- The last layer (kitchen - House 3) is sub-areas including sanitation and warehouse.

With such a space tube frame house has very good conditions for ventilation and light

3. Structure

Bearing structure is wood, including wood column and beam system timber. brick wall with traditional construction techniques (solid brick construction with stucco molding craft lime: lime and sand, not cement used).

Structural roof system is a system according to the traditional folk style. Slope roofing tile are two sides, two tiles: the tile liner tiles and tiles slide on the tiles comedy.

The architectural details of the house is typical of the traditional architecture Hanoi Old Quarter. Be the first to pay attention to the main facade is symmetrical form, the main door is in the middle and 2 large windows make the place of sale. Large windows facing the street features sliding doors with vertical plank; the door is the door latch.

Above the doors and the sale is part of airy windows with decorative wood lathe runs throughout the facade. So when the door is closed under all the doors open on the zain part is to get light and ventilation for the whole house. On the second floor there are 2 small symmetric window. Stair railing is decorated with the wood lathe.

The interior of the house was decorated by the antique furniture especially the living room and bedroom. Living room is the formal space so homeowners have placed their ancestors

Bedrooms are decorated carefully, neatly to save the collapsed area with mahogany cabinets and 1 tea table sets for homeowners drink, eat and intimate reception. Front and rear bedroom have patios and courtyards where the owner sat drinking tea and playing chess