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High-density fiberboard

High-density fiberboard, also called, Hardboard is a type of fiberboard, which is an

engineered woodproduct. It is similar to particle board and medium-density fiberboard,

but is denserand much stronger and harder because it is made out of exploded wood

fibersthat have been highly compressed. Consequently, the density of hardboard is 3

lbs. or more per cubic foot !"## $g%m&'()and is usually about "#-*" lbs. per cubic foot

!+##-## $g%m&'. It differs from particle board in that the bonding of the wood fibers

requires no additional materials,()although resinis often added. nli$e particle board, it

will not split or crac$. It is used in constructionand furniture. Hardboard is produced in

either a wet or dry process. /he wet process leaves only one smooth side and dry

processed hardboard is smooth on both sides.

Features of High Density Fiberboard:

' 0ade from wooden or other plant fiber

' 1rocessed with suitable si2ing agents

3' /hese fiberboards are premium panels compared to other various wood-based panels

' xcellent characteristics, homogeneous structures and medium density

"' 4table measurement, uniform core layers, easily mechanical pressing on the surface

and edge of panels*' 5arious thic$nesses and specifications

6' 7idely used in furniture, architecture, indoor decoration

+' 4uitable for loudspea$er boxes, /5 boxes and musical instruments

8' 9lso may be used with vessels, vehicles, sport equipment, flooring, walls, and isolated

panels

#' :ow cost

' 4uperior to natural wood

' ;ensities< #.6"-#.83g%C=03' ;imensions< # x # x +-"mm

Laminates

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineered_woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineered_woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium-density_fiberboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardboard#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardboard#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardboard#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineered_woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium-density_fiberboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardboard#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardboard#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberboard

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9 laminate is a material that can be constructed by uniting two or more layers of material

together. /he process of creating a laminate is lamination, which in common parlance

refers to the placing of something between layers of plastic and glueing them with heat

and%or pressure, usually with an adhesive. However, in electrical engineering, lamination

is a construction technique used to reduce

unwanted heating effects due to eddy currents in

components, such as the magnetic cores of

transformers.

:aminate flooring

Materials

/he materials used in laminates can be the same or different. 9n example of the type oflaminate using different materials would be the application of a layer of plasticfilm > the

?laminate? > on either side of a sheet of glass > the laminated sub@ect. 5ehicle

windshields are commonly made by laminating a tough plastic film between two layers of

glass. 1lywood is a common example of a laminate using the same material in each

layer. Alued and laminated dimensioned timber is used in the construction industry to

ma$e wooden beams, Alulam, with si2es larger and stronger than can be obtained from

single pieces of wood. 9nother reason to laminate wooden strips into beams is quality

control, as with this method each and every strip can be inspected before it becomes

part of a highly stressed component such as an aircraft undercarriage.

xamples of laminate materials include Bormica and plywood. Bormica and similar

plastic laminates !such as 1ionite, 7ilsonart, :amin-9rt or Centuryply 0ica' are often

referred to as High 1ressure ;ecorative :aminate !H1;:' as they are created with heat

and pressure of more than " psi !3 $1a'. 9 new type of H1;: is produced using real

wood veneerormultilaminar veneeras top surface. 9lpi$ord produced by 9lpi spa and

5eneer-9rt, produced by :amin-9rt are examples of these types of laminate.

:aminating paper, such as photographs,can prevent it from becoming creased, sun

damaged, wrin$led, stained, smudged, abraded and%or mar$ed by grease, fingerprints

and environmental concerns. 1hoto identification cards and credit cards are almost

always laminated with plastic film. =oxes and other containers are also laminated using

a 5 coating. :amination is also used in sculpture using wood or resin.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_currentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_currentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_currentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminate_flooringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminate_flooringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glued_laminated_timberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercarriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercarriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formica_(plastic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formica_(plastic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plywoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_veneerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilaminar_veneerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilaminar_veneerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_identificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV_coatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_currentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminate_flooringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glued_laminated_timberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercarriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formica_(plastic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plywoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_veneerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilaminar_veneerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_identificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV_coating

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Burther, laminates can be used to add properties to a surface, usually printed paper, that

would not have them otherwise. 4heets of vinyl impregnated with ferro-magnetic

material can allow portable printed images to bond to magnets, such as for a custom

bulletin board or a visual presentation. 4pecially surfaced plastic sheets can be

laminated over a printed image to allow them to be safely written upon, such as with dry

erasemar$ers or chal$. 0ultiple translucent printed images may be laminated in layers

to achieve certain visual effects or to hold holographicimages. 0any printing businesses

that do commercial lamination $eep a variety of laminates on hand, as the process for

bonding many types is generally similar when wor$ing with arbitrarily thin material.

Sound nsulating Materials

4oundproofing is any means of reducing the sound pressurewith respect to a specified

sound source and receptor !noise control'. /here are several basic approaches to

reducing sound< increasing the distance between

source and receiver, using noise barriersto bloc$ or

absorb the energy of the sound waves, using

damping structures such as sound baffles, or using

active antinoisesound generators.

4ound reflection board

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_erasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_erasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hologramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_bafflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinoisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinylhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_erasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_erasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hologramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_bafflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinoise

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4oundproofing affects sound in two different ways