hardcore ipv6 routing
TRANSCRIPT
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HardCore IPv6 Routing - No Fear
BRKCRT-2000
Donnie Moss, Global Solutions Architect
CCIE#14074
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Agenda
• Introduction
• IPv6 Basics
• IPv6 Addressing Best Practices
• IPv6 Network Side
• IPv6 Routing Protocol Configuration
• What Next?
• Conclusion
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IPv6 Certification Agenda
• CCNA
• Describe the technological requirements for running IPv6 in conjunIPv4 (including: protocols, dual stack, tunneling, etc.).
• Describe IPv6 addresses
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IPv6 Certification Agenda
CCNP
• Implement an IPv6 based solution, given a network design and a set of requirem – Determine network resources needed for implementing IPv6 on a network – Create an IPv6 implementation plan – Create an IPv6 verification plan – Configure IPv6 routing – Configure IPv6 interoperation with IPv4 – Verify IPv6 solution was implemented properly using show and debug commands – Document verification results for an IPv6 implementation plan
• Implement an IPv4 or IPv6 based redistribution solution – Create a redistribution implementation plan based upon the results from a redistribu – Create a redistribution verification plan – Configure a redistribution solution – Verify that a redistribution was implemented – Document results of a redistribution implementation and verification plan – Identify the differences between implementing an IPv4 and IPv6 redistribution solut
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IPv6 Certification Agenda
CCIE
• Implement IPv6Implement IP version 6 (IPv6) addressing and different addressingImplement IPv6 neighbor discoveryImplement basic IPv6 functionality protocolsImplement tunneling techniquesImplement OSPF version 3 (OSPFv3)
Implement EIGRP version 6 (EIGRPv6)Implement filtering and route redistribution
• Implement IPv6 multicast, PIM, and related multicast protocols, suMulticast Listener Discovery (MLD)
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IPv6 Basics
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Short History Of IP
8
1990
19911992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Prediction of the exhaustion of IPv4 Class B by 1994.
ROAD group formed to address routing.Prediction of the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses by 200IPng Proposals solicitation (RFC 1550).
CATNIP, SIPP, TUBA analyzed. SIPP+ chosen. IPng w
First specification: RFC 1883.
First attempt for provider-based address format.First IPv6 exchange: 6tap.
Registries assign IPv6 prefixes. IPv6Forum formed.
Major vendors bundle IPv6 in their mainstream produc
6bone started.
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What is an IPv6 address?
• IPv6 Address are 128 Bits (IPv4 was 32)
– Each Address is Broken into 16 Octets – Each Pair of Octets is called a group
• Address numbers are HEX – Valid Characters are 0-9 and A-F
– Lower case is used to avoid confusion – Addresses are 4 Hex Characters per Group
– Each Group is Seperated by a :
• Example: abf1:dc71:0000:0000:0000:8375:7887:1109:0510
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IPv6 Addresses• IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long
– 8 groups of four HEX characters
– Separated by a colon (:)
– 50% for networks, 50% for interfaces(To support future EUI-64 MAC functionality)
nnnn:nnnn:nnnn: xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
Global Routing Prefix
3 bits 48 bitsSubnet ID
48 – 64
bits
Host
ssss:
2400:0000:134A: 0000:0000:0000:8A2100A1:
Network Portion Interface ID
Global Unicast Identifier Example
2400:0:134A:: :8A21A1: Abbreviated Format
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What is an IPv6 address?
• When noting an IPv6 Address with a port number [square bracketsaround the address – Example: [d3f1:0071:0000:0000:0000:8375:7887:1109:0510]:80
• Those are long address? – To shorten address the longest run of all zeros can be shorted to ::
• That reduces our example to : d3f1:0071::8375:7887:1109:0510/128
– To shorten more leading “zeros” from each group can be omitted • That reduces our example to: d3f1:0071::8375:7887:1109:510/128
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Are all addresses created equal?
• Types of IPv6 Address – Unicast
• One to one communication• Ex: Client to Server
– Multicast• One to many (assigned grouping)• Example: Video Server to a group of clients
– Anycast
• One to many (assigned grouping)• Could be used to find ‘nearest’ service
– NO BROADCAST IN IPv6
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Special IPv6 Address
• Default Route – IPv4: 0.0.0.0/0
– IPv6: ::/0
• Loop Back Address – IPv4: 127.0.0.1
– IPv6: ::1/128
Binary Prefix
IPv6 Notation
Unspecified SRC 00 … 0 (128 bits) ::/128
Loopback 00 … 1 (128 bits) ::1/128
Multicast 1111 1111 FF00::/8
Link local unicast 1111 1110 10 FE80::/10
Unique local unicast 1111 110 FC00::/7
Global unicast Everything elseCurrently allocated s
2000::/3
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Multiple Addresses Per Interface• An IPv6 host interface requires the following IPv6 addresses for pro
operation:
– A link-local address
– Loopback address
– All-nodes multicast address
– Any additional Global and or ULA unicast and anycast addresses (configautomatically or manually)
– One Solicited-node multicast address for each of its unicast and anycast
addresses
– Multicast addresses of any other groups to which the host belongs
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IPv6 Privacy Extensions (RFC 3041/4941)
• IEEE 24 bits OUI can be used to identify hardware
– http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/oui.txt
• Temporary addresses for IPv6 host client application, e.g. web browser
– Inhibit device/user tracking
– Random 64 bit interface ID, then run Duplicate Address Detection
before using it
– Rate of change based on local policy (recommended is 1 day default min is 7 days)
– Now on By default in Win 7/8 and supported in OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion
2400 :0xxx
/32 /48 /64 /12
Interface ID
Recommendation: Use Privacy Extensions forExternal Communication but not for Internal
Networks (Troubleshooting and Attack Trace Back)
RFC4941
:xxxx :ssss
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Address Allocation
• ISP are being allocated /32’s
• Customer are being allocated /48’s – Same as /16 in v4 terms
• Residential Customers are being assigned a /56 – 256 networks per home
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Allocated Real World Usage2^128 addresses total2000::/3 is actually allocatedThat means 2^125 addresses for Global Unicast Addressing
All networks are at least /64’s per standard 125 – 64 = 61. So 2^61 possible networks in the currently allocaspace.
2^61 = 2,305,843,009,213,693,952 or 2.3 QUINTILLION network
/48 is typical allocation to enterprise customer (-3 for “set” bits) 2^45 = 35,184,372,088,832 or 35 TRILLION enterprises
In comparison, the current IPv4 BGP table is ONLY 400,000 route
people complain! 19
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PA and PI Allocation Process
Registries
Level FourEnterprise
IANA
ISP Org
Provider Assigned
2000::/3
/48
2000::/3
/48
/12
/32
/12
Provider Indepen
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IPv6 Aggregation
ASEAN ISP
2401:04A0::/32Customer B
ARegIPv6
242401:04A0:0002:/48
2401:04A0:0001:/48
Customer AOnly
announcthe /32prefix
– Larger address space enables:• Aggregation of prefixes announced in the global rout• Efficient and scalable routing – In theory! (In 1995 Th
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IPv6 Multihoming
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LIR Allocation Strategies (ISPs)
• Your LIR (ISP) is assigned 2401:04FF::/32
• We wish to allocate /48’s out of the /32.
• Which are available:
– 2401:E4FF:0000 through
– 2401:E4FF:f f f f
• Recall the the bit structure is:
– 0010 0100 0000 0001: 1110 0100 1111 1111:| 0000 0000 0000 0000
– 0010 0100 0000 0001: 1110 0100 1111 1111:| 1111 1111 1111 1111
• So there are 65,535 /48’s in a /32
• Same thought process as IPv4 subnetting!
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Sub Allocation Strategies (ISPs)
• Some ISPs want to allocate smaller blocks to residential & or SME’s
• We wish to allocate /56’s out of some /48’s.
• What could this look like?
– 2401:E4FF:1xxx to 1fff for residential customers
• Sums to 2401:E4FF:1000 /36 for router advertisement
• Recall the the bit structure is: – 0010 0100 0000 0001: 1110 0100 1111 1111:| 0001 0000 0000 0000
– 0010 0100 0000 0001: 1110 0100 1111 1111:| 0001 1111 1111 1111
• i.e. There are, 65,535/48’s in a /32 and 256/56's in a single /48 – You can sub-allocate some /48's as /56’s for residential use and some full /48’s for co
customer use
• If you only wanted to support residential customers there are aprox.16,7 Millan entire /32 LIR allocation(24 bits)
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Enterprise Allocation Strategy
• Suppose you wish to give out /52’s from the /48 for regions
– 2401:04A8:0000 : 0 | 000 : 0000 0000 or 2401:04A8::/52
– 2401:04A8:0000 : F | fff :0000 0000 or 2401:04A8:1f00::/52
• Then you wish to divide out /56’s from the /52 for departments
– 2401:04A8:0000 : 00 | 00 : 0000 0000 or 2401:04A8::/5 – 2401:04A8:0000 : FF | ff : 0000 0000 or 2401:04A8:1f00::/56
• 8 bits for local subnets per department gives 256 networks per de
a nearly unlimited # of hosts (64bits for hosts!)
/48 /32 /52 4096
subnets
/48 /32 /56 256
subnets
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Subnets longer then /64
• /126 or /127 for P2P links
– 2401:0468:1FE::1/126 & 2401:0468:1FE::2/126 – 2401:0468:1FE::149/127
• 2401:0468:1FE:1921:6801:5201::/96 for NAT64 Mapping (examp
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Address Types Summary (review)
Binary Prefix
IPv6 Nota
Unspecified 00 … 0 (128 bits) ::/12
Loopback 00 … 1 (128 bits) ::1/12
Multicast 1111 1111 FF00::/
Link local unicast 1111 1110 10 FE80::/
Unique local unicast 1111 110 FC00::/
Global unicast Everything elseCurrently allocat
2000::
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Required Router Addresses
• An IPv6 router interface is required to identify the following IPv6 a
for proper operation:
– All valid host addresses
– All-Routers multicast addresses
– Subnet-router anycast addresses for all interfaces for which it is configu
a router (prefix:: ; interface id=0)
– Other unicast or anycast configured addresses – All other Anycast addresses with which the router has been configured
– All-Routers Multicast Addresses
– Multicast Addresses of all other groups to which the router belongs.
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IPv6 Addresses – Examples
CR-6500-1>sh ipv6 int vlan 200 Vlan200 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::2D0:D3FF:FE81:9000Description: --- To Core ---Global unicast address(es):
2001:DB8:12::1, subnet is 2001:DB8:12::/64Joined group address(es):
FF02::1FF02::2FF02::5
FF02::DFF02::16FF02::1:FF00:1FF02::1:FF81:9000
All nodes
All routers
OSPF Routers
All PIM Routers
All MLDv2 capable RSolicited Node Multicast
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IPv6 Interface IdentifierCR-IT-SW3#sh int gi 1/0/3 | in biaGigabitEthernet1/0/3 is up, line protocol is upHardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is 000c.3a3e.82de (bia
000c.3a3e.82de)
CR-IT-SW3#
CR-IT-SW3#sh ipv6 interface gi 1/0/3GigabitEthernet1/0/3 is up, line protocol is upIPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::20C:3aFF:FE3E:82DE [TEN]Global unicast address(es):2001:DB8:24:0:20C:3aFF:FE3E:82DE, subnet is 2001:DB8:24::/64 [EUI/TE
Joined group address(es):FF02::1FF02::2FF02::1:FF3E:82DE
CR-IT-SW3#
CR-IT-SW3#sh run int gi 1/0/3!interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3no switchportip address 10.149.24.1 255.255.255.0ipv6 address 2001:DB8:24::/64 eui-64
!
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Multicast Assigned Addresses
Meaning Scope
FF02::1 All nodes Link-local
FF02::2 All routers Link-local
FF02::9 All RIP routers Link-local
FF02::1:FFXX:XXXX Solicited-node Link-local
FF05::101 All NTP servers Site-local
FF05::1:3 All-DHCP servers Site-local
FF0x:: is reserved (x = 0..F).
Inside this range, the following are assigned:
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IP 6 M lti t MAC Add C i
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IPv6 Multicast MAC Address Conversion
IPv6 Multicast
AddressCorresponding
Ethernet Address
Multicast Prefixfor Ethernet
Multicast• IPv6 multicast address to MAC addres
– 33:33:(least significant 32 bits from IPv6)
BA
0B A33 33
FF02 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001
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Subnetting Techniques
• Similar to IPv4 Subnetting
• Make address meaningful! – Base Address on Location – Type of Service
– User community
• Now we are working with 128 bits instead of 32
• We are also using HEX not BINARY!
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Subneting Example
• We are assigned 2011:0524:0000:0000::/48
• Goal: Divide this into eight subnets.
• Solution use bits 49, 50, and 51 as the ‘subnet bits’
– First Three Bits of the first character in the fourth group
– 2011:0524:0000:0000::/48
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Subnet
Subnet BinaryGroup
BinaryHEX
1 000 0000 0
2 001 0010 2
3 010 0100 4
4 011 0110 6
5 100 1000 8
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Address Break Down
Subnet
2011:0524:0000:0000::/48
2011:0524:0000:2000::/48
2011:0524:0000:4000::/48
2011:0524:0000:6000::/48
2011:0524:0000:8000::/48
2011:0524:0000:A000::/48
2011:0524:0000:C000::/48
2011:0524:0000:E000::/48
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Host Focused IPv6
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ICMPv6
• Required for IPv6 to work properly - MUST NOT BE FILTERED
• Completely Changed –
note new header type
• Now includes IGMP
• Types organized as follows 0-127 – error messaging and 128-2
informational messaging
– 1 – 4 Error messages
– 128 – 129 Ping
– 130 – 132 Group membership
– 133 – 137 Neighbor discovery
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C ( C )
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ICMPv6 (Type Codes)
Type Description
1 Destination Unreachable
2 Packet Too Big3 Time Exceeded
4 Parameter Problem
128 Echo Request
129 Echo Reply
130 Group Membership Query
131 Group Membership Report
132 Group Membership Reduction
133 Router Solicitation
134 Router Advertisement
135 Neighbor Solicitation
136 Neighbor Advertisement
137 Redirect
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N i hb Di & ICMP 6
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Neighbor Discovery & ICMPv6
Neighbor Discovery
DAD
NUD
Redirects
Address Resolution (equivalent to ARP )
Router Discovery
Neighbor Discovery Types that use ICMPv6
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N i hb Di & ICMP 6 ( t )
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Neighbor Discovery& ICMPv6 (cont.)• IPv4 uses ARP to resolve local addresses
– Relies on broadcasts
• IPv6 does not have the concept of broadcasts
– Still need a method to resolve local addresses
– Use solicited-node multicast instead
• IPv6 uses ICMPv6 the following types of message:
– Neighbor solicitation
– Neighbor advertisement
– Router solicitation
– Router advertisement
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A t fi ti
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Autoconfiguration• IPv6 hosts can configure their own addresses automatically
• Similar in function to IPv4 DHCP
• Two methods:
– Stateless autoconfiguration
– Stateful autoconfiguration
• Common ICMPv6 messages to both: – Router advertisements
– Router solicitations
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R t Ad ti t
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Router Advertisement• Used to configure hosts
• Periodically sent to the all-nodes multicast group
• Also sent in response to a router solicitation message
• Options can contain:
– Layer 2 address of the advertising router
– On-link prefixes and lifetimes
– MTU
32 bits
Type=134 Code Checksu
Reachable TimeHop Limit M O RSV Router life
Retransmit Timer
Options
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R t S li it ti
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Router Solicitation• Sent by hosts to locate on-link routers
• Usually sent to the all-routers multicast group
• Source address can be:
– Unspecified
– Local address
• Router solicitation message consists of five fields
Type=133 Code Checks
Reserved
Options
32 bits
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Stateless Autoconfiguration
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Stateless Autoconfiguration
Build link-local address
Join all-nodes multicast group
Join solicited node multicast group
Send NS
My address is unique!
Send RS
No routers!
Try stateful configuration
Link-local only
Host 1
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Stateless Autoconfiguration
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Stateless Autoconfiguration
Build link-local address
Join all-nodes multicast group
Join solicited node multicast group
Send NS
My address is unique!
Send RS
Build on-link addresses
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Stateful Autoconfiguration (1 of 2)
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Stateful Autoconfiguration (1 of 2)
Build link-local addressJoin all-nodes multicast group
Join solicited node multicast group
Send own NS
My address is unique!
Send RS
(M b
Build on-link addresses
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Stateful Autoconfiguration (2 of 2)
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Stateful Autoconfiguration (2 of 2)
Send DHCP request
to FF05::1:3 (All DHCP Servers)
S
Read options and configure
parameters
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Windows 7
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Windows 7 – Microsoft rebuilt the IPv6 stack for this release
• Supports:
• Selects IPv6 by default• Neighbor discovery
• DHCPv6
• Tunneling: ISATAP, Teredo, 6to4
• Privacy Extensions enabled by default
• Firewall supports statefull IPv6 filtering
• DHCPv6 Client only additional support via external p
For More info please see:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb53096
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Windows 7 – Temporary Interface Identifier
• Windows 7 doesn’t use the EUI-64 technique by default when forming its interface
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb530961.aspxhttp://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb530961.aspxhttp://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb530961.aspxhttp://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb530961.aspx
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C:\>netsh int ipv6 sh addr
Interface 1: Loopback Pseudo-Interface 1
Addr Type DAD State Valid Life Pref. Life Address
--------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------Other Preferred infinite infinite ::1
Interface 12: isatap.{7218C71C-E509-4EF9-AB57-C08863056588}
Addr Type DAD State Valid Life Pref. Life Address--------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------Other Deprecated infinite infinite fe80::5efe:10.109.109.6%12
Interface 13: Local Area Connection* 9
Addr Type DAD State Valid Life Pref. Life Address
--------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------Public Preferred infinite infinite 2001:0:5ef5:73bc:a2:3ac1:f592:92f9Other Preferred infinite infinite fe80::a2:3ac1:f592:92f9%13
Interface 11: Local Area Connection
Addr Type DAD State Valid Life Pref. Life Address--------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------Temporary Preferred 6d23h49m31s 6d23h49m31s 2001:db8:9:cafe:a133:5fb8:31df:864aPublic Preferred 29d23h59m49s 6d23h59m49s 2001:db8:9:cafe:b407:e685:fb14:c12dOther Preferred infinite infinite fe80::b407:e685:fb14:c12d%11
Windows 7 doesn t use the EUI 64 technique by default when forming its interfaceuses their randomly-generated interface identifiers
MAC OS X
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Mac OS X 10.7 (supported from 10.4 onwards)
• Mac OS X IPv6 stack is based on the KAME project (http://www.kame
• Supports:
• IPv6 enabled by default• GUI preferences tool or /usr/sbin/ip6 # ip6 –a | # ip6 –x
• To accept Router Advertisementssysctl -w net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv=1
• Privacy addresses and EUI-64 Host addresses enabled by
• FreeBSD’s IPFW supports stafeful and stateless filtering # • Mail, Perl, Apache, PHP, BIND,(on Server ver.) all default IP
• Tunnel support for IPIP, 6to4
• DHCPv6 client mode only (hidden behind “automatic” confi
• No Server side direct solutions at this time (FreeBsd port is
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DUAL STACK (Default) BEHAVIOR
http://www.kame.net/http://www.kame.net/
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DUAL STACK (Default) BEHAVIOR
Unconditional (default) preference of IPv6 over IP
If the local Host client has an active IPv6 Interface• Client Performs both an A and an AAAA record q
• Wait for both to reply or timeout
• If the AAAA query succeeds then initiate the browconnection via IPv6
• If the AAAA query fails or times out then initiate tbrowser connection via IPv4
Sounds perfectly sane right? But,…
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DUAL STACK BEHAVIOR ISSUES
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DUAL STACK BEHAVIOR ISSUES
• We must accept FOR NOW that the dual stack world is b
• Failure of one or the other protocol to respond causes a
of different broken behaviors• How long will you wait before you fall back to IPv4?
• Windows: 3 SYN Packets= Failure, 19 seconds
• Mac OS X 7: 11 SYN Packets=Failure, 75 Seconds
• Linux: ≥ 11 SYN Packets = Failure, between 75 Seconds and
SecondsThis is BAD! But stack tuning has its own issues…
For a full explanation and lots of options germane to these issues please see:
“Analyzing Dual Stack Behavior and IPv6 Quality”By Geoff Huston & George Michaelson of APNIC
https://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pd
53
Concluding Thoughts
https://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdfhttps://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdfhttps://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdfhttps://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdfhttps://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdfhttps://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdfhttps://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdfhttps://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdfhttps://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdfhttps://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdfhttps://ripe64.ripe.net/presentations/78-2012-04-16-ripe64.pdf
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Concluding Thoughts …
• IPv6 is simply an address change at layer-3. So why is it scomplicated?
• This stuff was supposedly finalized in 2000. So why are thRFC’s and working groups forming every day to figure this
• Most OS’s (x)NIX’s implemented SLACC and thought theydone. Not enough great support yet for DHCPv6
• We will have to suffer through behavior changes until the e
IPv4. My prediction is 10 yrs from now we will be about 85converted to IPv6
• BTW we will have another round of issues to fight when wtrying to reach IPv4 legacy resources via IPv6 only hosts aend of this decade of conversion
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IPv6 Network Side
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IPv6 Multicast
IPv4 and IPv6 Multicast Comparison
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IPv4 and IPv6 Multicast ComparisonService IPv4 Solution
Addressing Range 32-bit, Class D 128-
RoutingProtocol Independent, All IGPs and
MBGPProtocol In
MBGP
ForwardingPIM-DM, PIM-SM,
PIM-SSM, PIM-bidir, PIM-BSRPIMPIM
Group Management IGMPv1, v2, v3
Domain Control Boundary, Border S
Interdomain SolutionsMSDP across Independent PIM
DomainsSingle RP
Static RP, BSR, No Auto-RP
Embedded RP 57
PIMv6
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PIMv6
58
Ipv6 multicast-routing
Ipv6 pim rp-address (ipv6#)
Ipv6 pim anycast-rp address (anycast#) (peer addr#)
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IPv6 Quality of Service
Quality of Service
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Q y• IPv6 QoS
– Same architectural models as IPv4
– Differentiated Services (Traffic Class field)
– Integrated Services (RSVP)
• IPv6 traffic class – Value defined per applications, same DSCP for
applications over both IPv4 and IPv6 – decision todifferentiate per protocol is an operational one
• IPv6 flow label (RFC 3697) – A new 20-bit field in the IPv6 basic header
– Its value cannot be changed by intermediate devices
– No RFC regarding flow label usage yet
• Transition – Mapping between IPv6 DSCP & IPv4 ToS or MPLS EXP
Version Traffic Class
Payload Length
Source A
Destination
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Exercise with QoS
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• IPv6 QoS
• This is an excellent opportunity to look at QoS as it stands currentl
network
• What will change with IPv6 deployment?
• What needs to change with IPv6 deployment?
• All of life is merely a matter of perspective!
• Match/set for dscp/precedence now v4/v6 agnostic
• Match ipv6 address is new
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IPv6 Security: Access-List Filtering
Cisco IOS IPv6 Extended Access Control Lis
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• Very much like in IPv4 – Filter traffic based on
• Source and destiion addresses
• Next header presence• Layer 4 information – Implicit deny all at the end of ACL – Empty ACL means traffic allowed – Reflexive and time based ACL
• Known extension headers (HbH, AH, RH, MH, destination, fragment) auntil: – Layer 4 header found
– Unknown extension header is found
• Side note for 7600 & other switches: – No VLAN ACL – Port ACL on Nexus-7000, Cat 3750 (12.2(46)SE), Cat 4K (12.2(54)SG), – Cat 6K (12.2(33)SXI4)
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IOS IPv6 Extended ACL
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• Can match on – Upper layers: TCP, UDP, SCTP port numbers – TCP flags SYN, ACK, FIN, PUSH, URG, RST – ICMPv6 code and type – Traffic class (only six bits/8) = DSCP – Flow label (0-0xFFFFF)
• IPv6 extension header – routing matches any RH, routing-type matches specific RH – mobility matches any MH, mobility-type matches specific MH – dest-option matches any, dest-option-type matches specific destination options – auth matches AH – Can skip AH (but not ESP) since IOS 12.4(20)T
• fragments keyword matches – Non-initial fragments (same as IPv4) – And the first fragment if the L4 protocol cannot be determined
• undetermined-transport keyword matches (only for deny) – Any packet whose L4 protocol cannot be determined: fragmented or unknown extension header
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Cisco IOS IPv6 ACL
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• Filtering Inbound Traffic to one Specific Destination Address
Prefix: 2001:db8:2c80:1000
IP
2001:db8:2c80:1000::1
others
Seria
ipv6 access-list MY_ACLremark basic anti-spoofing permit any 2001:db8:2c80:1000::1/128deny 2001:db8:2c80:1000::/64 any
interface Serial 0
ipv6 traffic-filter MY_ACL in
IPv6 ACL Implicit Rules - RFC 4890
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• Implicit entries exist at the end of each IPv6 ACL to allow neighbor
• Nexus 7000 also allows RS & RA
66
permit icmp any any nd-na permit icmp any any nd-nsdeny ipv6 any any
IPv6 ACL Implicit Rules
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• The beginner’s mistake is to add a deny log at the end of IPv6 ACL
• Solution, explicitly add the implicit ACE
! Now log all denied packets
deny IPv6 any any log! Hey . . . I forget about these implicit li
permit icmp any any nd-na
permit icmp any any nd-ns
deny ipv6 any any
. . .! Now log all denied packets
permit icmp any any nd-na permit icmp any any nd-nsdeny ipv6 any any log
Example: Rogue RA & DHCP Port ACL
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ipv6 access-list ACCESS_PORT
remark Block all traffic DHCP server -> client
deny udp any eq 547 any eq 546remark Block Router Advertisements
deny icmp any any router-advertisement
permit any any
Interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
switchportipv6 traffic-filter ACCESS_PORT in
Note: Nexus-7000 and Cat 3750 12.2(46)SE,
Catalyst 6500 12.2(33)SXI4, Catalyst 4500 12.2(54)SG
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IPv6 Routing Protocol Configuration
Concept
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• IPv6 uses a separate routing table than IPv4
• Routed –vs- Routing Protocols
– Routed Protocols transmit Payload – Routing Protocols transmit Path
– Routed Protocols do not change• Example: HTTP and SMTP
– Routing Protocols do change!• Some are unique to IPv6 (Ex: RIPMG)
• Some like ISIS are the same
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Basic IPv6 Commands
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• R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
• R1(config-if)# ipv6 address (#)
– Ipv6 enable Link Local Only – Ipv6 address 3ffe:b00:c18:1:260:3eff:fe47:1500/64 Full Address
– Ipv6 address 3ffe:b00:c18:1::/64 eui-64 Auto
• R1(config)# ipv6 route (net/vlsm) (node#) – Ipv6 route ::/0 3ffe:b00:c18:1:260:3eff:fe47:1530
• Show ipv6 neighbors
• Ping (ipv6-addr)
L2 to L3 Mapping
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• Don’t forget that this is another protocol! – Any interface using manual mapping needs to be updated
– Frame-relay map ipv6 …… – Dialer map ipv6 ……
– Etc.
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HSRP for v6First Hop Router Redundancy
M difi ti t N i hb Ad ti t
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• Modification to Neighbor Advertisement, Advertisement, and ICMPv6 redirects
• Virtual MAC derived from HSRP group nand virtual IPv6 link-local address
HSRPStandby
HSRP Active
GLBP for v6 Modification to Neighbor Advertisem
Advertisement—GW is announced v
Virtual MAC derived from GLBP grouvirtual IPv6 link-local address
GLBP AVF,SVF
GLBP AVG, AVF
Neighbor Unreachability Detecti For rudimentary HA at the first HOP
Hosts use NUD “reachable time” to cknown default gateway (30s by defa
RA SentReach-time =5,000 msec
Static Name to Host Address Entries
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• Name to address resolution just like IPv4
– Ipv6 host (name) (ipv6-address)
• Can specify up to four addresses
• You can run DHCP server and DNS server in IPv6
• No concept of secondary addresses in IPv6, all are valid options
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Neighbor Discovery Configuration
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LAN1: 3000:b00:c18:1::/64
LAN2: 3000:b00:c18:2::/64
RA
RA
Fa0/0
Fa0/1
Fa0/0
interface FastEthernet0/0ipv6 nd prefix 3000:b00:c18:1::/64 432ipv6 nd ra-lifetime 0
interface FastEthernet0/1ipv6 nd prefix 3000:b00:c18:2::/64 432
interface FastEthernet0/0ipv6 nd prefix 3000:b00:c18:1::/64 43200 432
R2
R1
IPv6 Internet
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Prefix Renumbering
Router configuration after renumbering:
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NEW network prefix: 3ffe:b00:c18:2::/64Deprecated prefix: 3ffe:b00:c18:1::/64
Hosts:
AutoconfiguredIPv6 hosts
deprecated address 3ffe:b00:c18:1:260:8preferred address 3ffe:b00:c18:2:260:8f
Router configuration after renumbering:
Router advertiswith expiration
OR:
interface FastEthernet0/0ipv6 nd prefix 3ffe:b00:c18:1::/64 43200 0ipv6 nd prefix 3ffe:b00:c18:2::/64 43200
interface FastEthernet0/0ipv6 nd prefix 3ffe:b00:c18:1::/64 at Sep 1 2012 23:59 Sep 1 2012 23:ipv6 nd prefix 3ffe:b00:c18:2::/64 43200 43200
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Concluding Thoughts …
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• Subnetting in IPv6 is actually easier than IPv4
• Only a few Bit boundaries to worry about:• /32 – LIR (ISP) allocations
• /48 – Enterprise allocations
• /56 – Residential allocations
• Valid subnet range – /48 - /64
• /126, /127, & /96 – Special Subnets
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Routing: The IPv4 – IPv6 ParallelRIPv2 for IPv4
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RIPRIPv2 for IPv4RIPng for IPv6Distinct but similar protocols with RIPng taking advantage of IPv6 specificities
OSPF
OSPFv2 for IPv4OSPFv3 for IPv6
Distinct but similar protocols with OSPFv3 being a cleaner implementation that specificities
IS-ISExtended to support IPv6Natural fit to some of the IPv6 foundational conceptsSupports Single and Multi Topology operation
EIGRPExtended to support IPv6
(IPv6_REQUEST_TYPE, IPv6_METRIC_TYPE, IPv6_EXTERIOR_TYPE) Som
IPv6 characteristics
BGPNew MP_REACH_NLRI, MP_UNREACH_NLRI, AFI=2 with SAFI for Unicast//Label/VPNPeering over IPv6 or IPv4 (route maps)
For all intents and purposes, IPv6 IGPs are similar to their IPv4
IPv6 IGPs have additional features that could lead to new desig78
Routing Protocols
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• Static Routes
– BFD
• RIPng
– Graceful Restart and NSR
• OSPFv3
– IPv6 EH authentication
– IPSec encryption (ESP Header)
– Overloading
– Graceful Restart and NSR
– BFD (9.3)
– P2P interface (9.4)
– OSPF Rib-group for IPv6
– Realm support (IPv4 support) but without TE support
• IS-IS
– Authentication
– Unicast Mesh Groups
– Multicast Mesh Groups
– Graceful Restart and NSR
– BFD for dual stack interface (not for v6-only)
– ISIS Rib-groups for ipv6
• Multitopology IS-IS – Unicast – Multicast
• BGP
– Authentication – BGP peering to IPv6 endpoints – IPv6 routes over IPv4 peering – IPv6 Prefix Limits – Interface counters – Graceful Restart and NSR
• BGPv6 supported families: – family inet6 unicast – family inet6 multicast – family inet6 labeled-unicast – Inet4 unicast (not supported)
• Routing Policy – IPv6 multicast scoping – IPv6 address family – IPv6 prefixes – IPv6 route destination address
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Routing Protocols
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• IPv6 PIM – Multicast Address Support – PIMv2
– PIM Anycast RP – Statically Defined RP – Embedded RP Addresses – Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) – Multicast Listener Discovery (v1 and
v2) – Bootstrap Router (BSR) for IPv6
– Disable IPv6 PIM independently fromIPv4 (9.6)
• L3VPN Multicast – NG MVPN: IPv6 multicast (2H2009)
• MPLS Protocols
• IPv6 Tunneling over MP
• RSVP-TE for IPv6 (not
• LDP for IPv6 (not sched
• MPLS VPNs
• 6PE, 6VPE
• VRF Table-label
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IPv6 Routing Protocols:Static Routes
Static Route Example
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R1(config)# ipv6 route fde7:0e06:ef31::/48 null0 R1#sh ipv6 route static
IPv6 Routing Table - Default - 2 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, M - MIPv6, R - RIP, I1 - ISIS L1I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP
EX - EIGRP external
O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
S FDE7:E06:EF31::/48 [1/0]
via Null0, directly connected
R1#
R1(config)# ipv6 route 2300:0106:aa23::/48 fa0/0 R1(config)#do sh ipv6 route static | begin ^S
S 2300:106:AA23::/48 [1/0]
via FastEthernet0/0, directly connectedS FDE7:E06:EF31::/48 [1/0]
via Null0, directly connected
R1(config)#
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Static OptionsAll static parameters are optional
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All static parameters are optional
Parameters are like any other static route
R1(config)#ipv6 route 2300:0106:aa23::/48 fa0/0 ?
Administrative distance
X:X:X:X::X IPv6 address of next-hop
multicast Route only usable by multicast
nexthop-vrf Nexthop IPv6 VRF
tag Tag value
unicast Route only usable by unicast
83
Routing Policy
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• Configured in the same way as routing policy for IPv4 – Similar match conditions and actions
– Create policy first…
– …then apply to inteface (PBR), neighbor (BGP), or routing protocol
• One new match condition – Match protocol ipv6
• Routing table built the same as always!
• Nothing new to learn for IPv6 though process
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IPv6 Routing Protocols:OSPFv3
OSPFv3
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• Changes from OSPFv2 – Per Link Processing
– Addition of flooding scope
– New Link LSA
– Handling of unknown LSA types
– Virtual Link Changes
– Authentication changes
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OSPFv3
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• Per Link Processing – IPv6 uses the term “link” instead of network or subnet to indicate commu
• Interfaces connect to links
• Adjacencies are formed on link local addresses
– Multiple IPv6 subnets can be assigned to a single link• Two nodes can talk directly over a single link, even if they do not share a commo• Network address and mask do not impact the formation of adjacencies
87
OSPFv3
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• Flooding Scope – Each LSA now contains two bits indicating the flooding scope
• AS scope, LSA is flooded throughout the AS
• Area scope, LSA is flooded only within an area• Link-local scope, LSA is flooded only on the local link
– These changes also impact the names of the LSAs• Type 3 (Summary LSA) is now called the inter-area-prefix-LSA• Type 4 (Autonomous System Border LSA) is now called the inter-area-router-LSA• Other new LSAs have been added
88
OSPFv3
Flooding Scope
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LSA Name LS Type code Flooding scope LSA Function c
Router LSA 0x2001 Area scope 1
Network LSA 0x2002 Area scope 2
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA 0x2003 Area scope 3
Inter-Area-Router-LSA 0x2004 Area scope 4
AS-External-LSA 0x4005 AS scope 5
Group-membership-LSA 0x2006 Area scope 6
Type-7-LSA 0x2007 Area scope 7
Link-LSA 0x0008 Link-local scope 8
Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA 0x2009 Area scope 9
Flooding Scope
89
OSPFv3
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• Handling Unknown LSA Types – Each LSA now contains an “unknown LSA” bit
• 0: Treat this LSA as a link local
• 1: Store and flood this LSA even if you don’t understand it – This allows the deployment of new features in the future
• Routers that don’t understand the new feature will simply store and forward the L
• Features can be deployed at edges, within a flooding domain, etc., without the neall routers
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OSPFv3
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• Virtual Link Requirements – At least one global/unique local IPv6 address in the transit area
• OSPFv3 normally sends LSAs with a link local source address
• This won’t work over a virtual link –the packet needs to be forwarded through the – Advertisement of a /128 prefix
• If no /128 is available in the table, a /128 from within an existing prefix space will • This provides most-specific reachability between the endpoints of the virtual link
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OSPFv3
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• Authentication – OSPFv3 currently only supports IPsec for authentication
• Group keying is painful for IPsec
• There is current work in GDOI and other spaces to make group keying work bette – There is current work in the OSPF working group to allow HMAC-SHA a
of “in packet” authentication
92
OSPFv3
Router1#
Configuration & Show Example
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Router1#interface POS1/1
ipv6 address 2001:410:FFFF:1::1/64
ipv6 enableipv6 ospf 100 area 0
interface POS2/0
ipv6 address 2001:B00:FFFF:1::2/64ipv6 enable
ipv6 ospf 100 area 1
ipv6 router ospf 100
router-id 10.1.1.3
Router2#interface POS3/0
ipv6 address 2001:B00:FFFF:1::1/64
ipv6 enableipv6 ospf 100 area 1
ipv6 router ospf 100router-id 10.1.1.4
Area 0
A
B
OSPFv3
Configuration & Show Example
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Router2#sh ipv6 ospf int pos 3/0POS3/0 is up, line protocol is up
Link Local Address FE80::290:86FF:FE5D:A000, Interface ID 7
Area 1, Process ID 100, Instance ID 0, Router ID 10.1.1.4Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40,
Retransmit 5Hello due in 00:00:02
Index 1/1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)Last flood scan length is 3, maximum is 3
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 10.1.1.3Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Configuration & Show Example
Area 0
A
B
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OSPFv3
Configuration & Show Example
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Router2#sh ipv6 ospf neighbor detail
Neighbor 10.1.1.3In the area 1 via interface POS3/0
Neighbor: interface-id 8, link-local addressFE80::2D0:FFFF:FE60:DFFF
Neighbor priority is 1, State is FULL, 12 state changes
Options is 0x630C34B9
Dead timer due in 00:00:33
Neighbor is up for 00:49:32Index 1/1/1, retransmission queue length 0, number of
retransmission 1
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last retransmission scan length is 2, maximum is 2Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Configuration & Show Example
Area 0
A
B
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OSPFv3
Configuration & Show Example
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Router2#sh ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 5 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP,B – BGP, U - Per-user Static route
I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1,OE2 - OSPF ext 2
OI 2001:410:FFFF:1::/64 [110/2]
via FE80::2D0:FFFF:FE60:DFFF, POS3/0
C 2001:B00:FFFF:1::/64 [0/0]via ::, POS3/0
L 2001:B00:FFFF:1::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, POS3/0L FE80::/10 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
L FF00::/8 [0/0]via ::, Null0
Configuration & Show Example
Area 0
A
B
Same As OSPFv2
Similarities:
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• Similarities: – One of the similarities is the RID
– OSPFv3 maintains a 32-bit RID that represents the router in the link-stat
– The RID is not related to an IPv6 address like it is in IPv4
– Requires explicit configuration (assuming no IPv4 addresses are presenIPv6 addressing cannot be used
97
Cisco IPv6 and OSPF
• Customized globally
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• Customized globally – R1(config)# ipv6 router ospf (#)
– R1(config-router)# area (#) range ……..
• Enabled on an interface – R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf (#) area-id (#)
– R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf (#) neighbor (addr)
98
IPv6 and OSPF
• Authentication is interesting
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• Authentication is interesting – Requires IPSec be used by OSPF
– Authentication fields are no longer part of OSPF packet, but signaled to
99
IPv6 and OSPF - Security
• Two methods AH or ESP
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• Two methods, AH or ESP – Ipv6 ospf authentication
– Ipv6 ospf encryption
• Examples (interface config) – Ipv6 ospf authentication ipsec spi 500 md5 1234567890abcdef12345678
– Ipv6 ospf encryption ipsec spi 1001 esp null sha1123456789A123456789B123456789C123456789D
• Examples (area config – encryption same format)
– Area 0 authentication ipsec spi 422 md5 1234567890abcdef1234567890
100
Router ID Selection
• Router ID selection:
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• Router ID selection: – IPv6 networks preserve the 32-bit router ID
• This is not an IPv4 address, it just looks like one!
– You can set RID manually under routing-options, although an existing IPcan be used• The Junos OS uses the first non-127/8 address it finds as the RID• lo0 is the first interface activated, so a non-127/8 configured here serves as the R• If the Junos software does not find a suitable address on lo0, it examines the nex
activated (normally fxp0)
– IPv6 functionality should not depend on another protocol being configure
manually!
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IPv6 Routing Protocols:MBGP
MP-BGP Basics
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• Path Vector Protocol – Carries sequence of AS numbers indicating path
• Ties Autonomous Systems together via Peering
• Multiple address families: ipv4, ipv6, unicast, multicast
SiSiSiSi
SiSi SiSi
SiSi
AS 101 AS
AS 301
Peering
BGP-4 Extensions for IPv6
• TCP Interaction
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TCP Interaction – BGP-4 runs on top of TCP
– This connection could be setup either over IPv4 or IPv6
• Router ID – When no IPv4 is configured, an explicit bgp router-id needs to be configu
– This is needed as a BGP Identifier, this is used as a tie breaker, and is sOPEN message
104
Non Link Local Peering
network 2003:3:2::/6
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Router A
router bgp 1no bgp default ipv4 unicast
bgp router-id 1.1.1.1neighbor 2001:db8:ffff:2::2 remote-as 2address-family ipv6neighbor 2001:db8:ffff:2::2 activatenetwork 2003:3:2::/64network 2003:3:3::/64
AS 1
2001:db8:ffff:2/
:1
network 2003:3:2::/6network 2003:3:3::/6
A
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BGP-4 Extensions for IPv6 (RFC 2545)
• BGP-4 carries only 3 pieces of information which is truly IPv4 spec
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y p y p – NLRI in the UPDATE message contains an IPv4 prefix
– NEXT_HOP path attribute in the UPDATE message contains a IPv4 add
– BGP Identifier is in the OPEN message & AGGREGATOR attribute
• To make BGP-4 available for other network layer protocols, RFC 2(obsoletes RFC 2283) defines multi-protocol extensions for BGP-4 – Enables BGP-4 to carry information of other protocols e.g MPLS,IPv6
– New BGP-4 optional and non-transitive attributes:• MP_REACH_NLRI• MP_UNREACH_NLRI
– Protocol independent NEXT_HOP attribute
– Protocol independent NLRI attribute
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BGP-4 Extensions for IPv6
• Address Family Information (AFI) for IPv6
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y ( ) – AFI = 2 (RFC 1700)
– Sub-AFI = 1 Unicast
– Sub-AFI = 2 (Multicast for RPF check) – Sub-AFI = 3 for both Unicast and Multicast
– Sub-AFI = 4 Label
– Sub-AFI= 128 VPN
107
BGP-4 Extensions for IPv6
• Next-hop contains a global IPv6 address or potentially a link local (
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p g p y (update this has to be changed to global IPv6 address with route-m
• The value of the length of the next hop field on MP_REACH_NLRI set to 16 when only global is present and is set to 32 if link local is well
• Link local address as a next-hop is only set if the BGP peer shareswith both routers (advertising and advertised)
108
AS1 AS2
B A C
BGP Overview
• Path-vector EGP that uses multiple path attributes to select the act
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p p – Originally designed for IPv4
– Extended to carry additional information
• Multicast• VPNs• IPv6
• MBGP specifications – Multiprotocol extensions for BGP-4
• RFC 4760—January 2007
– Use of BGP-4 multiprotocol extensions for IPv6 interdomain routing• RFC 2545
109
MP-BGP and IPv6
• Multiprotocol extensions for BGP4:
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– Adds new fields to identified the type of route being advertised
– Make it possible to carry IPv6 routes on top of IPv4 BGP sessions
• IPv6-specific extensions: – Scoped addresses: NEXT_HOP contains a global IPv6 address and pote
local address (only when there is link-local reachability with the peer)
– NEXT_HOP and NLRI are expressed as IPv6 addresses and prefixes in multiprotocol attributes
110
Address-Families are new RIBs
• Address families began with MBGP to separate RIB entries
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• Common address-families are
– IPv6 (unicast | multicast) – Nsap
– IPv4 Multicast
– Vpnv4
– Vpnv6
– Ipv4 unicast vrf (name)
• Default is IPv4 Unicast
111
Prior to Address Families
• Router bgp 1001
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– Neighbor 10.1.1.4 remote-as 1001
– Neighbor 10.1.1.4 update-source loopback 0
– Neighbor 10.1.1.4 route-map Bob in
– Neighbor 10.1.1.4 send-community
– Network 10.1.100.0 mask 255.255.255.0
– Network 10.1.101.0 mask 255.255.255.0 – Redistribute static
112
Way to Think About the “Old” Way
• Router bgp 1001
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– [Connections]
– Neighbor 10.1.1.4 remote-as 1001
– Neighbor 10.1.1.4 update-source loopback 0 – address-family ipv4
– Neighbor 10.1.1.4 route-map Bob in
– Neighbor 10.1.1.4 activate
– Neighbor 10.1.1.4 send-community
– Network 10.1.100.0 mask 255.255.255.0
– Network 10.1.101.0 mask 255.255.255.0 – Redistribute static
113
Activate Each Neighbor
• Multiple neighbors can carry some or all of the supported families
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• Activate each one
• Each RIB filters separately
• Each RIB name is important for NLRI information to be kept correc
• Each RIB/Family information is separate
• Useful for running separate info over separate links/peering inform
114
MBGP Configuration
AS 65001 AS 6Router2Router1
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Router1#interface FastEthernet0/0ipv6 address 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::F/64router bgp 65001no bgp default ipv4-unicastneighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 remote-as 65002
address-family ipv6neighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 activateneighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 prefix-list bgp65002in inneighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 prefix-list bgp65002out outexit-address-family
3ffe:b00:c18:2:1::F 3ffe:b00:c18:2:1::1
MBGP Prefix Bidirectional Filtering – Filtering BGP routing updates
3FFE:0B00:0001::/48 Router2Router1
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3FFE:0300::/32
3FFE:0B00::/24
Router2
3ffe:b00:c18:2:1::F 3ffe:b00:c18
Router1#router bgp 65001no bgp default ipv4-unicastneighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 remote-as 65002address-family ipv6neighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 activateneighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 prefix-list bgp65002in inneighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 prefix-list bgp65002out outnetwork 3FFE:B00::/24exit-address-family
ipv6 prefix-list bgp65002in seq 5 permit 3FFE::/16 le 24ipv6 prefix-list bgp65002out seq 5 permit 3FFE::/16 le 24
3ffe:b00::/24
MBGP Config with Inbound Filtering
• Configure BGP to accept legal prefixes only (prefix-list)
3ffe:b00:c18:2:1::f
3ffe:b00:c
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3ffe:b00:c18:2:1::f
AS 65001
3ffe
router bgp 65001
no bgp default ipv4-unicastneighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 remote-as 65002neighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::2 remote-as 65003address-family ipv6neighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 activateneighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::2 activateneighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::1 prefix-list Legal inneighbor 3FFE:B00:C18:2:1::2 prefix-list Legal in
network 3FFE:B00::/24exit-address-family
ipv6 prefix-list Legal seq 5 permit 2001::/16 le 35ipv6 prefix-list Legal seq 10 permit 3FFE::/17 ge 24 le 24ipv6 prefix-list Legal seq 15 permit 3FFE:8000::/17 ge 28 le 28ipv6 prefix-list Legal seq 20 permit 2002::/16
Configuration – EIGRP
hostname R1
!
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!
ipv6 unicast-routing
!interface Loopback0
no ip address
ipv6 address 1010:AB8::/64 eui-64
ipv6 enable
ipv6 eigrp 1
!ipv6 router eigrp 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
no shutdown
!
118
Troubleshooting
• show ipv6 eigrp events
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• show ipv6 eigrp interfaces
• show ipv6 eigrp neighbors• show ipv6 interface
• show ipv6 ospf
• show ipv6 route
• show ipv6 route bgp
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IPv6 Whats Next?
IPv4 to IPv6 Transition Challenges
• 16+ methods, possibly in combination
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• Dual stack – Consider security for both protocols
– Cross v4/v6 abuse
– Resiliency (shared resources)
• Tunnels – Bypass firewalls (protocol 41 or UDP)
– Can cause asymmetric traffic (hence breaking stateful firewalls)
121
Dual Stack Host Considerations
• Host security on a dual-stack deviceApplications can be subject to attack on both IPv6 and IPv4
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– Applications can be subject to attack on both IPv6 and IPv4
– Fate sharing: as secure as the least secure stack...
• Host security controls should block and inspect traffic from both IP – Host intrusion prevention, personal firewalls, VPN
clients, etc.
122
Dual Stack Client
IPv4 IPsecVPN with No
Split Tunneling
Does the IPsec Client Stop an
Inbound IPv6 Exploit?
IPv6 HDR IPv6 Explo
IPv6 Tunneling Summary
• RFC 1933/2893 configuredand automatic tunnels
• Only allow authorized endto establish tunnels
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• RFC 2401 IPSec tunnel
• RFC 2473 IPv6 genericpacket tunnel
• RFC 2529 6over4 tunnel
• RFC 3056 6to4 tunnel
• RFC 5214 ISATAP tunnel
• MobileIPv6 (uses RFC2473)
• RFC 4380 Teredo tunnels
• RFC5569 6RD
• Static tunnels are deeme
secure,” but less scalable
• Automatic tunneling mecare susceptible to packetand DoS attacks
• These tools have the samas IPv4, just new avenue
• Automatic IPv6 over IPv4be secured by IPv4 IPSe
123
DNS: Basic Ideas
• DNS in IPv6 is much like DNS in IPv4
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• Keep files and delegations as simple as possible.
• Can use IPv4 as transport for DNS for now.• Modern versions of Bind will work – Bind9 is stable and works wit
• There is work on dynamic DNS in progress, but we don’t need to that for now.
124
IPv4 IPv6
IPv6 and DNS
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IPv4 IPv6
Hostname
to
IP address
A record:
www.abc.test. A192.168.30.1
AAAA reco
www.abc.test. 2001:db8:C18
IP address
to
hostname
PTR reco2.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0
1.c.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6
www.abc.t
PTR record:
1.30.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
PTRwww.abc.test.
125
DNS Example (IPv4-Only)
IPv4-Only Host
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DNS Request (h.root-servers.net) (QTYPE=A)
IPv4 A Response (128.63.2.53)
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 210892 IN A 128.63.2.
Sample DNS Response
y
126
DNS Example (IPv6-Only)
IPv4-Only Host
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DNS Request (h.root-servers.net) (QTYPE=AAAA)
IPv6 AAAA Response (2001:500:1::803f:235 )
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 210892 IN AAAA 2001:500:
Sample DNS Response
127
DNS Example (Dual-Stack)
DNS R (h ) (QTYPE AAAA A)
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Dual-Stack Host
DNS Request (h.root-servers.net) (QTYPE=AAAA, A)
I prefer IPv6addresses
IPv6 AAAA Response (2001:500:1::803f:235 )
IPv4 A Response (128.63.2.53)
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 210892 IN AAAA 2001:500:1::803f:235
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 210892 IN A 128.63.2.53
Sample DNS Response
128
DNS Capture – Default IPv6 init
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A and AA
for www.
IPv6 Transport Preferre
ResponsIPv6 Add
129
DNS Enhancements for IPv6
• RFC 3596
– DNS extensions to support IP version 6
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• Name to address records
– AAAA record type (equivalent to IPv4 A record)
– Example recordhost1.microsoft.com IN AAAA 2001:DB8::1:DD48:AB34:D07C:3
• Address to name records
– New reverse domain called IP6.ARPA.
– Example record for 2001:DB8::1:DD48:AB34:D07C:3914 (o2001:0DB8:0000:0001:DD48:AB34:D07C:3914)4.1.9.3.C.7.0.D.4.3.B.A.8.4.D.D.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.B.D.0.1.0.0.2.Ihost1.microsoft.com
130
Name Resolution Support in Windows• Resolution Options:
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1. Entries in the Hosts file
2. DNS resolver support3. DNS Server service support
4. DNS dynamic update
5. DNS zone transfers
6. Source and destination address selection
7. LLMNR support
8. Support for ipv6-literal.net names
9. Peer Name Resolution Protocol
10. Name Resolution Policy Table
11. DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)
131
DNS Issues
• Upgrade DNS servers to support IPv6
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• Adding AAAA record for a specific server to the DNS Server req
services to be IPv6 aware – LDAP or AD IPv6 Aware
– All Services running on the Server
• Interim solution is to use a temporary name (see Google IPv6 sta
2008)
– ipv6.google.com vs. www.google.com – This practice helps reduce the issue of unhappy dual-stack hosts by el
the multiprotocol response to DNS requests
132
Forward Lookups
• Uses AAAA records for assign IPv6 addresses to names.
http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/
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• Multiple addresses possible for any given name – for example, in a
homed situation.
• Can assign A records and AAAA records to a given name/domain.• (Once IPv6 is more stable globally)
• Can also assign separate domains for IPv6 and IPv4.
– BCP today.
• Don’t be afraid to experiment!
133
Upstream Support
• How to get IPv6? – Tunnel Brokers
H i El t i
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• Hurricane Electric• RoutintHouse.com
• SixXS• Others: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IPv6_tunnel_brokers
– 6 to 4 Gateway
134
Participate in the “My Favorite Speaker” Con
• Promote your favorite speaker through Twitter and you could win $Press products (@CiscoPress)
Promote Your Favorite Speaker and You Could be a Winner
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IPv6_tunnel_brokershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IPv6_tunnel_brokershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IPv6_tunnel_brokers
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Press products (@CiscoPress)
• Send a tweet and include – Your favorite speaker’s Twitter handle @CiscoKid14074 – Two hashtags: #CLUS #MyFavoriteSpeaker
• You can submit an entry for more than one of your “favorite” speak
• Don’t forget to follow @CiscoLive and @CiscoPress
• View the official rules at http://bit.ly/CLUSwin
135
SP Related Official Cisco Training OfferingsCourse Description C
Building Cisco Service ProviderNext-Generation Networks, Part 1(SPNGN1), and Part 2 (SPNGN2)
These courses introduce Cisco SP IP Next-Generation Networktechnologies and solutions, including OSI and TCP/IP models, IPv4/v6addressing, switching, routing, transport types, security, network
t d Ci ti t
CC
http://bit.ly/CLUSwinhttp://bit.ly/CLUSwin
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management, and Cisco operating systems.
Deploying Cisco Service Provider
Network Routing (SPROUTE)
This course covers the implementation of routing protocols (OSPF, IS-
IS, BGP), route manipulations, and high availability routing featureswithin SP IP NGN environments.
CC
Deploying Cisco Service Provider Advanced Network Routing(SPADVROUTE)
This course covers advanced routing topics in BGP, as well asmulticast services including PIM-SM, and IPv6 within SP IP NGNenvironments.
CC
Implementing Cisco ServiceProvider Next-Generation CoreNetwork Services (SPCORE)
This course covers core network services, including MPLS-LDPfeatures, MPLS traffic engineering, QoS queuing mechanisms, andtransport technologies within SP IP NGN environments.
CC
Implementing Cisco ServiceProvider Next-Generation EdgeNetwork Services (SPEDGE)
This course covers edge network services, including MPLS Layer 3VPNs, Layer 2 VPNs, and Carrier Ethernet services within SP IP NGNenvironments.
CC
For more details please visit : http://learningnetwork.cisco.com
Questions: Visit the Learning@Cisco Booth
136
R&S Related Official Cisco Training OfferingCourse Description Cis
CCIE R&S Advanced Workshops(CIERS-1 & CIERS-2) plusSelf Assessments, Workbooks & Labs
Expert level trainings including: instructor led workshops,self assessments, and practice labs to prepare candidatesfor the CCIE R&S practical exam.
CCIE® R
http://learningnetwork.cisco.com/http://learningnetwork.cisco.com/
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• Implementing Cisco IP Routing• Implementing Cisco IP Switched
Networks• Troubleshooting and Maintaining
Cisco IP Networks
Professional level instructor led trainings to preparecandidates for the CCNP R&S exams (ROUTE, SWITCHand TSHOOT). Also available in self study eLearningformats with Cisco Learning Labs.
CCNP®
Interconnecting Cisco NetworkingDevices: Part 2 (or combined)
Configure, implement and troubleshoot local and wide-area IPv4 and IPv6 networks. Also available in self studyeLearning format with Cisco Learning Lab.
CCNA®
Interconnecting Cisco NetworkingDevices: Part 1
Installation, configuration, and basic support of a branchnetwork. Also available in self study eLearning format with
Cisco Learning Lab.
CCENT®
For more details please visit : http://learningnetwork.cisco.com
Questions: Visit the Learning@Cisco Booth
137
Complete Your Online Session Evaluation
• Give us your feedback and you couldwin fabulous prizes. Winnersannounced daily
http://learningnetwork.cisco.com/http://learningnetwork.cisco.com/
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announced daily.
• Complete your session evaluationthrough the Cisco Live mobile app orvisit one of the interactive kioskslocated throughout the conventioncenter.
• Don’t forget: Cisco Live sessions will
be available for viewing on-demandafter the event at ciscolive.com/online
138
Continue Your Education
• Demos in the Cisco Campus
• Walk-in Self-Paced Labs
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• Table Topics• Meet the Engineer 1:1 meetings
139
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