Harnessing the Energy, 4 October 2013 - Conference Programme

09.00-09.30 Registration and Refreshments

Timings Technical Stream (Auditorium) CPD Stream (Marble Hall, Lower Ground Floor)

Conference Chair: Professor Isobel Pollock RAEng Visiting Professor, University of Leeds

Session 1 (09.30-10.50) 9.30-10.10 Plenary 1 10.10-10.30 10.30-10.50

Chair: Professor Isobel Pollock ▪ Last Gasp or Second Wind for Nuclear Fission Dame Sue Ion ▪ Future Energy Demands: A Perspective from the Oil and Gas Industry Madeleine Brown, BP ▪ UK Shale Gas: Frack On, Frack Off or Frack Well? Professor Zoe Shipton, University of Strathclyde

Jane Farrell, CEO - EW Group ▪ Spotting the Sexism: Career Success and

Smashing the Glass Ceiling

10.55 - 11.20 Refreshment Break, Networking and Exhibition

Session 2 (11.20-13.00) Chair: Dr Stephanie Merry, Sector Advisor, Renewable Energy Association Early career engineers present their work for 8 minutes each. Common Session for both streams 11.25 Nanocrystal Solar Cell: Fabrication and Characterisation Philippa Hardy, University of Leeds 11.36 Environmental Challenges within the Civil Aerospace Industry Holly Driver, Rolls Royce plc 11.47 A Match Made in Smart Grid Heaven: Retailers and Diesel Generators Laura Daniels, Marks and Spencer 11.58 Observing the Everyday in Terms of Energy Use in the Home Tara Hughes, University of Salford 12.09 Energy Modelling of Buildings in the Tesco Estate, Maria Spyrou, Loughborough University and Tesco 12.20 Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blades Using Low-Cost Consumer Electronics Ozak Esu,

Loughborough University 12.31 Biomass and the Carbon Neutral Economy Orla Williams, Univ of Nottingham 12.42 Nuclear Submarines and their Challenges for Electrical Power Engineers Elisabeth Pryor, BAe Systems

Maritime – Submarine 12.53 End of Session 2

13.00 - 14.00 Lunch, Networking and Exhibition

Session 3 (14.00-15.20) 14.00-14.40 Plenary 2 14.40-15.00 15.00-15.20

Chair: Carol Marsh, Selex ES ▪ Renewable Energy Overview Gaynor Hartnell (CEO) and Stephanie Merry, Renewable Energy Association ▪ Renewable Gas Alison Cartwright, cngservices Ltd ▪ Karen Burt Award Presentation to Molly Stevens, WES President Milada Williams

Kat Sandford, National STEM Ambassadors Programme Manager, STEMNET ▪ Inspiring the Next Generation of Women in Engineering Daria Cybulska, Programme Manager – Wikimedia UK ▪ Putting Energy Into Creating Free Knowledge: About Wikipedia

15.20 – 15.50 Refreshment Break, Networking and Exhibition

Session 4 (15.50-17.00) 15.55-16.15 16.15-16.35 16.35-17.00 17.00 17.10

Chair: Professor Isobel Pollock RAEng Visiting Professor, University of Leeds ▪ Why Local Energy Systems are Essential for a Low Carbon Future Dr Mary Gillie ▪ Public Attitudes to the UK’s Energy Challenges Antonia Dickman, Ipsos Mori ▪ Building Energy Consumption: Efficiency Through Understanding Rebecca Ward, Cambridge University Closing comments from the Chair End

WES AGM (17.30-18.30) Marble Hall - Lower Ground Floor

Harnessing the Energy – Speaker Profiles and Summaries 4 October 2013, London

Session 1 Chair: Professor Isobel A Pollock BSc (Eng), CEng, Hon DSc, FIMechE, FCGI Royal Academy of Engineering Visiting Professor, Engineering and Design – University of Leeds 127th President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (2012-2013)

An experienced consultant and businesswoman, Isobel specialises in multi-disciplinary engineering projects, technology road mapping and Knowledge Transfer Projects. Working at senior management level with companies such as ICI, DuPont, Robert McBride and Beatson Clark, she has expertise in the chemicals, metal handling, glassware, food, drinks and pharmaceutical industries.

Isobel joined the IMechE in 1983. She attained a significant number of

achievements before becoming President in 2012, including;

First female Chair of the IMechE Yorkshire Branch, winning the first Branch of the Year award

(1995)

As Honorary Treasurer, she initiated a successful £1.6m cost reduction plan and has been a

Trustee of the IMechE Pension Scheme

IMechE Vice President, chairing numerous committees including Qualifications & Membership

and Regional Chairman (1999-2006)

As Deputy President she has taken a lead role working with the Council Strategy Committee

An active assessor and mentor for Manufacturing Excellence, including the 2008 SME winner

The founding Chair of the IMechE Heritage Committee (2007). She re-vitalised and formalised

the Engineering Heritage Awards, approving the publication of the book “Recognising

Engineering Excellence”. Since the first publication in October 2009, the number of Heritage

Awards has grown from 64 to 84.

In addition to the IMechE, Isobel was a Board Member of the Engineering Council, chairing the Quality Assurance Committee. In 2008, she led the review of the Engineering Council’s licensing processes and published the New Approach to Institution Licensing focusing on Continuous Improvement Criteria. Isobel currently leads the UK-Spec Review on behalf of the Engineering Council.

From 1999 to 2010, she was an Audi Design Foundation Trustee, supporting young designers. With Engineering Technology Board staff, she produced the “Rough Guide to Designing your Future” which provides STEM career advice; to date 50,000 copies have been distributed.

In January 2013, Isobel was appointed to chair the National Measurement Office Steering Board and is Chair to the Electromagnetics and Time Working Group which reviews research programme for fundamental measurements at the National Physical Laboratory.

Isobel joined WES over 10 years ago and is also a Member of Court of the Worshipful Company of Engineers, a Freeman of the City of London and a Fellow of the City & Guilds of London Institute. She received an Honorary DSc from Huddersfield University in 2004 for services to engineering and the engineering profession. When she can, Isobel enjoys golf and international travel.

Plenary 1: Last Gasp or Second Wind for Nuclear Fission?

Dame Sue Ion OBE, FREng, FIC, FINucE, FIMMM

Is nuclear fission an essential gap filler until the potential of fusion is realised, or a long term sustainable feature of our energy landscape?

The talk will outline the position of nuclear fission in the global marketplace and highlight the different attitudes of different countries. It will describe the technologies being pursued and those likely to reach commercialisation in the next two decades. It will highlight the engineering challenges still being faced, in what is to many a ‘mature technology’, and discuss the similar challenges which will be faced in bringing fusion to industrial scale deployment. The

issues for the UK posed by the need to deal with the legacy wastes from the early days of the UK’s nuclear programme will be summarised. The importance of social science in addressing perceptions of the nuclear sector will be highlighted. Looking to the future, the talk will challenge the perception that large scale devices of either fission or fusion technology are the best way forward and will highlight why some of the so called ‘Small Modular Reactors’ are creating and receiving interest.

Dame Sue Ion is a non-Executive Director on the Board of the Laboratory of the UK Health and Safety Executive and sits on the Scientific Advisory Group of the Department for Energy and Climate Change. She was a member of the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (1994-2001), a member of the UK Council for Science and Technology (2004-2011), a member of Council for EPSRC (2005-2010) and Chaired the Fusion Advisory Board for the Research Councils (2006-2012).

Sue's background is in materials science/metallurgy. She gained a first class honours from Imperial College in 1976, and a PhD in 1979, before joining BNFL where she was Group Director of Technology during 1992-2006. She was appointed Visiting Professor at Imperial College in 2006, and of London South Bank University in 2011, and has been a member of the Board of Governors at the University of Manchester since 2004. She has held an Honorary Professorship at the University of Central Lancashire since the beginning of 2007.

Sue represents the UK on a number of international review and oversight committees for the nuclear sector including the Euratom Science and Technology Committee, which she Chairs, and the US Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Advisory committee. She was the UK’s representative on the IAEA Standing Advisory Group on Nuclear Energy during 2000-2006. Sue was Vice President and Member of Council for the Royal Academy of Engineering between 2002 and 2008. She is the Royal Academy of Engineering’s representative on the UK Government’s Energy Research Partnership.

Future Energy Demands: A Perspective from the Oil and Gas Industry Madeleine Brown – BP

Madeleine will provide an overview of anticipated energy sources and demands up to 2030 and beyond. She will use mixed media to articulate how oil and gas is discovered, extracted and used to meet growing demand, focussing on the oil and gas industry and it’s role in energy and more. As an Engineer she will touch upon the current limits and is open to trying to answer any questions you may have.

Madeleine Brown is a Senior Corrosion Engineer working in a Technology role at BP. Having worked in the oil and gas industry for 11 years, she has specialised on management of offshore equipment, pipelines and onshore

processing facilities. Her passions lie in managing the health of aging equipment and extending the life thereof. She works closely with inspectors and can often be found wearing a boiler suit and climbing inside equipment.

Madeleine began her career with Shell in the UK and has since worked in the Netherlands, South East Asia, the Middle East and USA. She is now based here in London with BP. Madeleine holds professional membership with the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, as well as Chartered Engineering Status, and has been a Karen Burt Award Nominee. Madeleine has both postgraduate and undergraduate degrees from UMIST.

UK Shale Gas: Frack On, Frack Off or Frack Well? Professor Zoe Shipton – University of Strathclyde

UK public concern about hydraulic fracturing for shale gas (fracking) was triggered by low magnitude earth tremors induced by exploratory activities in Lancashire in April 2011. The resulting embargo on fracking for shale gas was lifted by the Department of Energy and Climate Change in December 2012.

Campaign groups such as “Frack Off” argue that shale gas extraction could produce significant environmental damage, whereas proponents of the shale gas industry argue that an indigenous source of UK gas will enhance energy security and may result in falling household energy bills. Indeed, it is now

possible to buy “Keep calm and frack on” T-shirts on the web! In this talk Zoe will argue that it should be possible to “frack well”, i.e. extract potentially considerable shale gas resources in the least environmentally damaging way.

A Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering working group report, “Shale gas extraction in the UK: a review of the scientific and engineering evidence”, investigated the major risks associated with fracking and asked how these risks can be effectively managed. The report found that the health, safety and environmental risks associated with fracking for shale gas can be managed effectively in the UK as long as operational best practices are implemented and enforced through legislation. The risk of groundwater contamination (both from natural gas and water and from fracking fluids) via hydraulic fractures is very low. Seismicity is also a very low risk, and where it does occur it is likely to be at magnitudes less than those regularly felt near abandoned coalfields. Ensuring borehole integrity must be the highest priority to prevent groundwater and surface contamination.

The joint academies’ report recommended implementing robust monitoring systems to address uncertainties in the subsurface process and to strengthen public confidence. If we can convince the public that it is possible to ‘frack well’, shale gas has a place as a bridge between traditional, declining fossil fuels and renewables.

Zoe Shipton is a Professor of Geological Engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering at Strathclyde University. She is a structural geologist working on fault growth processes, the link between faulting and fluid flow, and the structure of modern and exhumed earthquake faults. She also conducts research into quantifying geological uncertainties and the perception and communication of risk and uncertainty.

Previously, Zoe was a senior lecturer at the University of Glasgow, Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences (2004-2010), a lecturer at the Department of Geology at Trinity College Dublin (2001-2004), and a post-doctoral research fellow at Utah State University (1999-2001). She is Chair of the Tectonic Studies Group of the Geological Society of London, and is a member of the Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering working group on "Shale gas extraction in the UK: a review of the scientific and engineering evidence".

Session 2 – Early Career Presentations

Chair: Dr Stephanie Merry Sector Advisor – Renewable Energy Association

Dr Stephanie Merry is Sector Advisor in marine renewables for the Renewable Energy Association in London. She is also Director of Focus Offshore Ltd, a technical consultancy specialising in marine renewable energy. Prior to setting up this company, she worked as Principal Engineer in the Submarine Hydrodynamics Group at QinetiQ (formerly the Defence and Evaluation Research Agency), Haslar. From 1990 to 1996 she was employed as a lecturer in Marine Technology at the University of Southampton, where her role was to integrate students and staff from the Engineering Faculty into the world-renowned Southampton Oceanography Centre (now the National Oceanographic Centre).

During the late 1980s, she worked as an assistant professor in the Ocean Engineering Department at Florida Atlantic University (USA), where she organised the 1st International Submarine Races – a “design, build and test” competition for human-powered submersibles – held in the ocean off Palm Beach, Florida. She is a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, and holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering and an MSc in Oceanography, both from Southampton University.

Nanocrystal Solar Cells: Fabrication and Characterisation Philippa Hardy – University of Leeds

Renewable energy technologies are vital as we move away from fossil fuel sources in order to prevent irreversible climate change, provide energy security and address energy poverty. The sun’s energy is clean, renewable and has a zero fuel cost. Solar panels have existed for decades and are a fantastic technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity. However, there are a number of issues that have currently prevented the widespread use of solar panels, namely the high cost compared to fossil fuels and the limited commercial efficiency of around 20%. My work addresses both of these issues; firstly by working on a novel device which uses low cost materials and

techniques and secondly by incorporating nanomaterials in the cell that theoretically, can increase the cell’s efficiency.

I am in the final stages of completing a PhD in Solar Cell Engineering at the University of Leeds. My research involved fabricating and characterising a novel solar cell device that incorporated nanowires and nanocrystals. The aim of this research is to make a new type of solar cell, using different materials and architectures to reduce the cost and potentially achieve a higher efficiency. As part of my PhD I also spent a month in India assembling and testing a DIY solar panel using low cost methods and locally sourced materials.

Throughout my PhD I have been actively involved in public engagement work, taking science to music festivals, science festivals and schools and being interviewed by BBC local radio. I have also presented my work at international conferences in China, Europe and the UK.

Previous to my PhD, I completed two Masters; one in Environmental Engineering and the second in Low Carbon Technologies, and a BSc in Aviation Technology and Management. So as well as making clean renewable technology I can also fly planes!

Environmental Challenges within the Civil Aerospace Industry Holly Driver MEng: Trent 1000-TEN Development Technical Lead – Rolls-Royce plc

I will give an overview of the different sectors that Rolls-Royce provides power systems for, with particular emphasis on the civil aerospace market. I will focus on the factors driving the industry towards more fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly engines before mentioning the engine I’m currently working on, the Trent 1000-TEN. This engine will power the largest version of the Boeing 787, producing additional thrust and providing superior fuel burn performance compared to previous engine marks. This increase in performance has been achieved by inserting several innovative new

technologies into the design of the engine which make the most efficient use of the energy available to the engine in the form of aviation fuel. I will discuss the challenges of developing and verifying new technologies for use in the engine and give an overview of the various certification tests that are carried out on the engine, including bird-ingestion and fan blade-off testing. Finally, I will share my thoughts on the likely future for aircraft engines and give a brief overview of some of the areas the company is focussing on with current Research and Technology programmes.

My interest in Engineering was sparked as a GCSE student, by spending a week at Sussex University organised by the Women in Science and Engineering initiative. Following my A-levels, and having had my interest in Engineering encouraged further by participation in various Royal Academy of Engineering schemes, I chose to study Engineering, Economics and Management at the University of Oxford. For my final year project I spent six months on an industrial placement with BAE Systems, designing the buoyancy system for an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle.

After graduation, I joined Rolls-Royce on their Engineering Leadership Scheme and I have now been with the company for five years. During that time I’ve worked in design, performance, and development in Derby, Bristol and Montreal, predominantly on gas turbines for the Civil and Defence Aerospace markets. I’ve recently become a Chartered Engineer and in my current role I lead the development of system and sub-system verification strategies for a new variant of the Trent 1000, the engine which powers one of the world’s most efficient planes, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.

Outside of work I am a keen sportswomen and also enjoy trying to improve my culinary skills.

A Match Made in Smart Grid Heaven: Retailers and Diesel Generators Laura Daniels BSc, ACSM: Energy Engineer – Marks and Spencers, Engineering Doctorate Candidate – University of Reading

Electricity load shifting just isn’t sexy in the world of ‘green’ retail. M&S plan to become the world’s most sustainable retailer, but in all honesty, their name doesn’t spring to mind when thinking about the electricity grid of the future. However, this doesn’t mean retailers don’t have a key role to play in the Smart Grid, just like any other electricity consumer.

Managing intermittent supply with flexible demand is vital in order to meet international targets for renewable energy generation and carbon emissions reduction. Retailers can assist with this by changing the operation of

equipment like fridges and lighting in Demand Side Management projects to shift their load to different times of the day. In addition to reducing their demand, retailers could generate electricity in store with standby generators to offset some ‘grid connected’ loads at certain times.

Can diesel generators be financially and environmentally beneficial? Who ‘owns’ the carbon from such generators? How would air quality be impacted? Can biodiesel be used ethically to enhance generator’s green credentials? How could storage technologies interact with generator use?

In effect – can running diesel generators be green?!

I went to an all-girls secondary school and somehow managed to come out with a passion for engineering and A-levels in Maths, Further Maths and Physics. I am a recent graduate of Renewable Energy from the University of Exeter, currently studying for my EngD with the University of Reading. I am sponsored by Marks and Spencer and Matrix Controls Solution, where I look at the contribution of the retail sector to the smart grid. I’m a STEMnet Ambassador and get involved with other organisations such as the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Young Engineers Network.

Observing the Everyday in terms of Energy Use in the Home Tara Hughes BEng(Hons), MSc, PGCE, AMIMechE, MWES: PhD Researcher, University of Salford

I will present a summary of my research that involves the novel use of a combination of methods to tag and track people as they use energy in their own homes. Wearable technology, wireless sensor networks, Raspberry Pi computers, appliance monitoring and Grounded Theory are used to observe the everyday in terms of domestic energy use.

Participant families in real homes wear unobtrusive devices that emit unique signals. These signals are used to track the location of the individual around their home at the same time as recording appliance-level energy use. By combining both sets of data, energy use of appliances can be attributed to individuals. Adopting a Grounded Theory approach to this research allows for

flexibility to observe patterns of behaviour as they emerge.

I am a final year PhD student working on the Salford University Monitoring and Management Energy Research (SUMMER) Project. I studied Mechanical Engineering and then Energy Technology for Sustainable Development at the University of Salford. After many years of experience working on renewable energy and sustainability projects in the public and private sector, I became a CIBSE Low Carbon Energy Consultant with a specialism in commercial buildings.

Following redundancy and a brief period teaching Physics, I am now happily working on energy again, although my research spans many disciplines including, but not limited to, Computer Science and Coding, Psychology and Sociology.

Energy Modelling of Buildings in the Tesco Estate Maria Spyrou: Research Engineer – Tesco, Engineering Doctorate Candidate – Loughborough University

I will be talking about the food retail market in the UK and the different types of food retail stores available. I will briefly introduce my sponsoring organisation and my project and talk about the electricity and gas consumption of the different store types, and the data available. Then I will present the various electricity and gas end-uses, and some consumption profiles for stores. I can also talk about my most resent findings, a model that calculates the electricity and gas consumption for stores and helps identify inefficient stores.

I am a Physics graduate and undertook a research year within the Theory and Advanced Computation Group at the Advanced Technology Institute of Surrey, modelling various properties of water particles. After graduation I spent four months in Wales raising money for various charities, and eight months in Cyprus teaching Physics and Mathematics to high school students on a one-to-one

basis.Even though I enjoyed teaching, I wanted to challenge myself with a larger project, and in 2010 I joined a four-year collaborative project between the Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Engineering at Loughborough University and Tesco’s Energy and Environmental team.

The aim of my project is to develop modelling tools for calculating the energy consumption of buildings in the Tesco estate that lead to demonstrable savings. I will achieve this by analysing existing energy consumption data, benchmarking consumption, and finding stores that are not consuming in line with benchmarks.

I am currently in the steering committee for CIBSE's Young Energy Performance Group, and often volunteer as a STEM ambassador.

Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blades Using Low-Cost Consumer Electronics Ozak Esu BEng (Hons), MIET: PhD Research Student – Loughborough University

Wind farm construction involves high capital investment and there is a great need for maintenance in order to yield profits. Wind turbine blades are subject to fatigue which leads to deformation such as cracks, surface damage etc. due to non-uniform accumulation of ice, dirt and moisture over the course of its operation. Degradation of blades results in a loss in energy capture efficiency, increased turbine failure and downtime which ultimately decrease the reliability of wind technology as a unit.

Costs of replacement and repair of turbine blades are high, especially offshore. Condition monitoring is therefore very important to operators and insurers. Techniques and methods for monitoring the condition of wind turbines are available. However, they require the deployment of very expensive sensors such as Fibre-Optics, Strain Gauges and Piezoelectric Accelerometers.

My research objective is to explore the potential of incorporating low-cost sensors for condition monitoring. These sensors, known as Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers, are readily available in the market as a result of their increased use in other applications such as navigation systems in automobiles and smart phones. Cost-effective condition monitoring will help increase wind turbine safety, efficiency and promote sustainability.

Born in Nigeria, I arrived in the UK in 2008 to pursue a BEng in Electronic and Electrical Engineering at Loughborough University, graduating in 2011 with a First Class Honours. I was awarded a Loughborough University Studentship and advanced to PhD research in the area of Advanced Signal Processing and Wind Energy. I am in the final year of my PhD at the School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering. The title of my thesis is “Integration of Low-cost Consumer Electronics for Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blades”.

I am the Immediate Past Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering Representative on the WES Committee at Loughborough University and I am a STEM Ambassador in Leicestershire. In May 2013, I was a member of the Midlands Energy Graduate School team that won the Inaugural Energy Young Entrepreneur Scheme, organised by the Network of Energy Centres for Doctoral Training.

I am a Member of the Institution of Engineering and Technology and I aspire to become a Chartered Engineer.

Biomass and the Carbon Neutral Economy Orla Williams: Engineering Doctorate Candidate – University of Nottingham

For the UK is to achieve its aim of reducing carbon emissions by 80% by 2050, compared to 1990 levels, it is estimated that the UK will need to completely decarbonise the energy sector by 2030. However, despite incentives to decarbonise the energy sector, unabated gas and coal still account for 70% of electricity production in the UK, with coal representing over 42% of all power generation in 2012. Biomass co-firing and conversions are providing power generators a low cost route to decarbonising the existing fleet of coal fired power stations which are over 40 years old and nearing their end of service.

My presentation will provide an overview of the research currently being conducted in the biomass co-firing and conversions area, and its potential role in decarbonising the energy sector. The presentation will review the entire process, from supply to post combustion, highlighting the drivers and issues associated with its implementation, and that by coupling biomass with other carbon abatement technologies such as carbon capture and storage, negative carbon emissions could be achieved and play a crucial role in forming the carbon neutral economy.

I am currently studying for an Engineering Doctorate in Chemical Engineering at the Efficient Fossil Energy Technology Centre within the University of Nottingham. I am researching the reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions in coal fired power stations via biomass co-firing, with a specific focus on improvements to biomass milling and conveyance system design.

Before starting my doctorate, I completed a Master’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Bath, and worked as a Chartered building services engineer for a high profile sustainable design consultancy in Bath for several years, followed by 2½ years in the USA, mainly in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York, where I focused on developing passive and sustainable design solutions for the built environment. I was a committee member of CIBSE for several years and co-founder of the CIBSE South West Young Engineers Group in 2008.

I have a keen interest in sustainable and renewable energy policy, and how the UK can develop low carbon and high skilled economy based on its world leading research in science and engineering.

Nuclear Submarines and their Challenges for Electrical Power Engineers Elisabeth Pryor MEng CEng MIET: Senior Electrical Engineer – BAE Systems Maritime, Submarines

A nuclear submarine derives its main source of electrical power from a nuclear reactor; this is an energy source with proven reliability. However, there are times when this power source can become unavailable.

For example: What happens if the submarine is on a mission and sitting far below the ocean surface? Backup supplies must be available immediately and be air independent – this is achieved using a battery. Batteries give a DC source of electrical power and most loads on the submarine require AC electrical power – therefore it needs to be converted and instantly.

What if the nuclear reactor won’t be back on line within the limits of the battery capacity? The submarine needs to manoeuvre close to the surface, if not surface completely, to allow use of a diesel generator. These all need to be connected to the distribution system to allow constant power to the submarine loads, irrespective of supply method, and within a 100m hull – how can it be done?

I graduated from the University of Edinburgh in 2008 with a Masters of Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering and Electronics. After graduating I gained a place on the graduate scheme at Arup Group Ltd as an Electrical Building Services Engineer. During my time at Arup I worked on a number of high profile projects most notably the London Aquatics Centre and the Shard, London.

In 2010 I joined BAE Systems Marine Ltd in Barrow in Furness to work on the next generation of nuclear submarines. My present role is as a Senior Engineer and I am involved in the design of the power generation and distribution systems for the Vanguard Replacement Programme. Other specific areas I have been involved in on this programme include power system reliability and the specification of a new test facility for the verification of the proposed power system. I have recently achieved Chartered Engineer status via the Institute of Engineering and Technology.

Elisabeth is the representative speaker from conference sponsors BAe Systems.

Session 3

Chair: Dr Carol Marsh CEng FIET MIEEE MInstP MIACR MWES WES Vice President, Selex ES

Carol is the UK Design Process Lead at Selex ES responsible for design integrity, DO254 Process Assurance, tool strategy, licencing and training. In 2011 Carol was awarded the degree of Doctor of Engineering in System Level Integration (EngD) from the Universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Heriot-Watt and Strathclyde. Her thesis is titled: Detecting IP in FPGAs using thermal communication. She is the winner of three awards: Elektra Student Engineer of the Year, IET Innovation and NMI Emerging Technology.

Carol has over 28 years’ experience in the Electronics Industry. She’s worked in the defence, telecommunications and security intellectual property industries with both large and small companies. She has presented at ten conferences worldwide and published eight papers, including two journal papers.

Carol is a Fellow of the IET, a Chartered Engineer, a member of the IEEE, IoP and IACR. She is President Elect of the Women’s Engineering Society, Treasurer of the IET South East Scotland Branch and a STEM Ambassador.

Plenary 2: Renewable Energy: Technologies and Government Policies Gaynor Hartnell and Dr Stephanie Merry: former CEO and Sector Advisor – Renewable Energy Association

This presentation will cover why and how renewable energy has been supported by various UK governments since 1990. It will look at the influence Europe has had to date, and what role it might play going forward. An overview will be given on the state of play of nuclear, shale gas and various different renewable technologies and look at the contributions the present government anticipates them making towards its 2020 renewables target, as well as potential future contributions.

Whilst the UK renewables target is not solely a target for electricity, the presentation will have a greater focus on the role of renewables in power generation than in heat or transport. It will look at the how UK electricity demand is met at present, and how this is expected to change in future.

Wind and solar energy are relatively well known, but renewable energy spans many technologies. This presentation will go into a couple of the lesser known renewable resources – marine and biomass (including energy from waste) – in a little more depth.

For example, if just 0.1% of the global ocean energy resource (tidal, wind, wave and OTEC) were harnessed, sufficient power for the whole world five times over would be provided (Marine Foresight Panel, 1997). The UK possesses the richest wave and tidal stream resource in Europe and a wide range of technologies are being developed to exploit it. Despite the UK leading the world in this field, and the experiences of several “first mover” companies to draw from, there are still a number of barriers to development that need to be overcome.

The support structures for low carbon power generation are currently being reformed, and this presentation will give an overview of what impact “Electricity Market Reform” will have on the UK energy market.

Gaynor Hartnell has over 15 years’ experience in the renewable energy industry.

She graduated with a first class degree in Environmental Science, from the School of Chemistry at Sussex University, in 1989. She spent a further year at Sussex, doing an MSc at the Science Policy Research Unit. She then worked for a brief spell in the water industry, before returning to Sussex University as a Research Fellow, where she worked on the impacts of environmental regulation on innovation in sectors as diverse as agrochemicals and ferrous foundries.

She left Sussex University to join the British Wind Energy Association, as Technical and Policy Analyst, in 1995 and became self employed in 1998, specialising in services for renewable energy trade associations. She ran the Landfill Gas Association (now the Biogas Association) and she co-coordinated CREA, an umbrella group of renewable energy trade associations.

Her work with these associations ultimately led to the formation of the Renewable Energy Association. She assisted with the recruitment of the 40 founder member companies, and its launch in October 2001, becoming its first staff member in the summer of 2001, and the Chief Executive in February 2010.

Dr Stephanie Merry is Sector Advisor in marine renewables for the Renewable Energy Association in London. She is also Director of Focus Offshore Ltd, a technical consultancy specialising in marine renewable energy. Prior to setting up this company, she worked as Principal Engineer in the Submarine Hydrodynamics Group at QinetiQ (formerly the Defence and Evaluation Research Agency), Haslar. From 1990 to 1996 she was employed as a lecturer in Marine Technology at the University of Southampton, where her role was to integrate students and staff from the Engineering Faculty into the world-renowned Southampton Oceanography Centre (now the National Oceanographic Centre).

During the late 1980s, she worked as an assistant professor in the Ocean Engineering Department at Florida Atlantic University (USA), where she organised the 1st International Submarine Races – a “design, build and test” competition for human-powered submersibles – held in the ocean off Palm Beach, Florida. She is a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, and holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering and an MSc in Oceanography, both from Southampton University.

Biomethane Production and Injection into the Gas Grid Alison Cartwright, Project Development Manager – CNG Services Ltd

Biogas consists of methane and CO2 and is produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic kitchen, commercial, industrial or farming waste. It has also been produced at landfill sites and at waste water treatment plants for over one hundred years. H2S and CO2 can be removed from the biogas by various different methods to produce biomethane. Biomethane is a clean, simple renewable energy source, which, with some propane addition, is suitable for injection into the gas grid.

Biogas has traditionally been used to produce electricity and heat from a combined heat and power (CHP) engine. However, in many circumstances where the heat cannot be utilised, a large percentage of the energy contained within the gas is lost as waste heat. Biomethane injection ensures that most of the energy within the gas is used effectively. The UK is in a fortunate position of having a £30 billion gas grid, meaning that a large number of projects are able to go forward.

The Green Gas Certification Scheme now enables the injected gas to be linked to gas taken out of the gas grid. This is of benefit to a number of companies which produce organic waste, who can now show a closed loop cycle between the waste they produce and any gas they consume; an advantage if compressed natural gas is used within their vehicle fleet.

To date, there is only one commercial scale biomethane plant in the UK, but following the strong growth in Germany there is forecast to be significant growth in the UK, with around 30 projects by 2015 injecting 100 million kg, or 1.5TW, of biomethane into the grid. This growth is driven by the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) which currently gives a better return for biomethane injection than the Feed in Tariff for biogas used in CHP generation. However, the RHI is set to be reviewed in April 2015 and there is tariff risk. As pre-accreditation is not available for biomethane injection, this means projects with a life span of 18 months may have difficulty obtaining funding. Biomethane is set to grow as an alternative energy source over the next few years and 3% (7TWh) of domestic customer gas supply by 2020 is a realistic target. DECC accept that, at present, there is no better way to decarbonise heat used in our towns and cities where no CHP-district heating possibility exists.

Alison Cartwright is a chartered mechanical engineer and spent the first part of her career in operations, working for Spirax Sarco, specialists in steam systems. She then moved to Britvic Soft Drinks where she worked on the J2O brand in technical development and then became Operations Manager for the Robinsons Fruit Shoot brand.

Whilst on a career break she took a Master’s degree in Renewable Energy Systems Technology, specialising in anaerobic digestion. Her dissertation investigated the economic uses of stand-alone anaerobic digesters and led her to look at biomethane injection into the gas grid in more detail.

She joined CNG Services Ltd in April 2011. Her main focus there has been Biomethane to Grid projects producing over 20 feasibility studies for customers including major multiples, water companies and waste companies. She has worked closely with the Gas Distribution Networks to ensure that the connection process is as smooth as possible and is currently involved in three live projects.

Alison joined the European funded Biomaster project in August 2011, looking at Biomethane for Transport and is the technical expert at Norfolk County Council, advising on biogas production and upgrading technologies. The project compromises of partners from Sweden, Italy and Poland and she is currently investigating the feasibility of an Anaerobic Digester within Norfolk County.

Presentation of the Karen Burt Award for Best Newly Qualified Chartered Engineer Made by Milada Williams, WES President

Dr Karen Burt was an eminent physicist and an active member and Council office holder in the Women's Engineering Society. She was also a tireless campaigner for the recruitment and retention of women in science and engineering. From her own experience and her extensive research she was regarded as an expert in the management of career breaks and women 'returners' to engineering.

She gained her PhD in electron microscopy at Reading University before joining British Aerospace Systems as a project engineer for scientific satellites, and had

an extensive and varied career before leaving to establish her own consultancy. After establishing the Centre for Advanced Instrumentation Systems at University College London her career was cut short by a tragically early death.

Karen influenced many people with her enthusiasm for engineering, she presented the Faraday lecture and judged young designer competitions. She contributed to the work of the Women's Engineering Society, the Institution of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Physics, in particular offering advice to companies on the recruitment and retention of women.

She proved herself to be a role model to many by writing about career breaks and offering guidance based on extensive research and her own experience following her son's birth. The range of her experiences and generosity made her an inspiration to all.

This award is funded by a bequest made by Karen Burt's father, Professor Cyril Hilsum CBE, FRS, FEng.

The award goes to Professor Molly Stevens of Imperial College London who is the nominated candidate of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining.

Milada Williams MSc, Ing, BEd, IEng, MIED, MWES

Milada’s career spans diverse areas of industry, education and gender equity agenda. She worked in industry as a Mechanical Design Engineer in the UK and Germany, and in Further and Higher Education as a lecturer in Mechanical Engineering. Most recently she became involved in the Gender Equality agenda and is now an advisor and consultant in this field.

Milada is the current Executive President of the Women’s Engineering Society (WES). Prior to this, she held positions of the Vice President and Honorary

Secretary of WES for a number of years. She has been involved in the governance issues, organisations of events and conferences and has international links with academia in other countries, namely the Czech Republic and Slovakia as well as with members of INWES / ICWES.

She is a registered Incorporated Engineer, Member of the Institution of Engineering Designers, Member and Trustee of WES and the South Wales Institute Engineering Education Trust.

Milada has an avid interest in other women’s issues and development, and supports the work of the UN Women UK .

2013 Winner of the Karen Burt Memorial Award for Best Newly Qualified Chartered Engineer

Molly Stevens Ph.D. BPharm MRPharmS FRSC FIMMM FREng CEng

Molly Stevens is Professor of Biomedical Materials and Regenerative Medicine and Research Director for Biomedical Material Sciences in the Departments of Materials and Bioengineering and the Institute for Biomedical Engineering at Imperial College London.

Molly Stevens engineers innovative materials for applications in regenerative medicine, biosensing and tissue engineering. Her creative multidisciplinary approaches have proven successful in bridging the gap between the laboratory and clinic by pioneering engineered biomaterials and materials-based characterisation techniques. She joined Imperial in 2004 after a successful Postdoctoral training in the field of tissue engineering with the internationally renowned Professor Robert Langer in the Chemical Engineering Department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Prior to this she graduated from Bath University with a First Class Honours degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences and a PhD in biophysical investigations of specific biomolecular interactions and single biomolecule mechanics from the Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis at the University of Nottingham, for which she was awarded the Ronald Belcher award from the Royal Society of Chemistry (2000). She has achieved extraordinary breakthroughs using engineered materials for applications in regenerative medicine, biosensing and tissue engineering by leading a large and extremely multidisciplinary research group of students and postdocs/fellows. Among her many innovations, she has developed novel approaches to tissue engineering that are likely to prove very powerful in the engineering of large quantities of human mature bone for autologous transplantation as well as other vital organs such as liver and pancreas, which have proven elusive with other approaches. This has led to moves to commercialise the technology and set-up a clinical trial for bone regeneration in humans. Her research group also exploits specific biomolecular recognition and self-assembly mechanisms to create new dynamic nano-materials, biosensors and drug delivery systems. She has engineered nanoparticle-based biosensers capable of detecting disease specific (i.e. cancer and HIV) biomarkers at incredibly low concentrations. Recent breakthroughs in peptide-functionalised nanoparticles for enzyme biosensing have enabled the most sensitive facile enzyme detection to date and have a host of applications in global healthcare. Other innovations include engineered biomaterials for the directed differentiation of stem cells, which is one of the most exciting approaches in regenerative medicine. These findings have been published in high impact journals such as PNAS, the Nature family journals and Science. For her achievements, in 2010 she was recognised by The Times as one of the top ten scientists under the age of 40 and also received the Polymer International-IUPAC award for creativity in polymer science, the Rosenhain medal and the Norman Heatley Prize for Interdisciplinary research from the Royal Society of Chemistry. In 2009 she was awarded the Jean Leray Award from the European Society for Biomaterials, in 2007 the prestigious Conference Science Medal from the Royal Pharmaceutical Society and in 2005 the Philip Leverhulme Prize for Engineering. In 2013 she was elected to the Royal Academy of Engineering. She has also recently been recognised by the TR100, a compilation of the top innovators, under the age of 35, who are transforming technology - and the world with their work. Her previous awards include the Ronald Belcher Memorial Lecture Award from the Royal Society of Chemistry (2000) and both the Janssen Prize and the UpJohn Prize for academic excellence and research.

Session 4

Chair: Professor Isobel A Pollock BSc (Eng) CEng Hon DSc FIMechE FCGI FRSA Royal Academy of Engineering Visiting Professor, Engineering and Design – University of Leeds 127th President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (2012-2013)

Why Local Energy Systems are Essential for a Low Carbon Future - Dr Mary Gillie Mary will talk about her experiences of developing community projects; the social, technical and financial barriers and benefits. Potential advantages range from local network control to tackling fuel poverty and social cohesion. She will discuss the latest initiatives to solve the problems and achieve more of the possible benefits, rewarding communities but also providing new tools and operating models for distribution network operators and suppliers. She will put this in a context how this can help develop the UK into a low carbon economy.

After gaining a first class Masters in Applied Physics from the University of Edinburgh and completing her PhD at the University of Strathclyde, Dr Mary Gillie has led or been a team member in high profile technical projects. Her main area of expertise is the development of smartgrids for the electricity distribution system so that they become more efficient and suitable to integrate renewable generation. She has been at the forefront demonstration projects working with the energy industry, communities and government agencies. She enjoys practical implementation of new technologies and working alongside communities, notably at Ashton Hayes, a village trying to become carbon neutral. This work led her to identify the important role that community energy, demand response and control of new loads need to play. It soon became apparent that there was a gap in support frameworks to enable consumers to manage their energy needs. Recently she has worked with key market players to develop new models to facilitate local energy markets.

Public attitudes to the UK’s energy challenges: What are we as individuals willing to do?

Antonia Dickman: Associate Director – Ipsos MORI

The UK faces significant challenges if it is to provide affordable energy and tackle fuel poverty, while at the same time meet ambitious legally binding emission reduction targets. The answer is likely to lie in both adapting the way we generate and supply our energy needs, but also reducing our demand both at an industrial and domestic level. Antonia will discuss what the public consider to be the priorities for policy makers and industry including levels of support for nuclear and renewables.

However, as buildings account for 38% of the UK’s total greenhouse gas emissions, it is also critical that individual householders contribute to overcoming these challenges. Antonia will also discuss how willing individual homeowners are to take action, including how likely they are to adopt renewable heating systems or to use smart meters.

Antonia Dickman is an Associate Director in Ipsos MORI’s Social Research Institute. Ipsos MORI is a leading UK research company exploring consumers’ attitudes and behaviours to various areas of public policy. Antonia has been working in Ipsos MORI’s specialist Environment Research Team for the past six years and has focused on studying public attitudes to energy and climate change. Antonia has directed many quantitative and qualitative studies investigating public interest in energy efficiency, smart metering, renewable heating, different forms of energy generation and climate change adaptation. These studies have captured public attitudes, as well as their willingness to take action, and the barriers and enablers to encouraging behaviour change. Antonia has conducted research for many clients in this sector including the Department of Energy and Climate Change, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Met Office, the Environment Agency,

Energy UK and the European Commission Directorate-General for Energy. Prior to joining Ipsos MORI, Antonia achieved a first class MSc degree in Geography at the University of Bristol.

Building Energy Consumption: Efficiency through Understanding Mrs Rebecca Ward MA(Oxon), MSc, CEng, MIMechE, MInstP, MWES: Research Associate – Cambridge University Engineering Department

In the UK, energy consumption in buildings accounts for approximately 40% of the total consumption. While new buildings are subject to increasingly stringent design requirements concerning thermal comfort and high energy efficiency at build, this only represents a small part of the total UK building stock. There are many other issues to be addressed. What about the thermal performance of existing buildings – how do we identify potentially viable improvements to the fabric and operation which can reduce the building energy demand? How do we sympathetically

improve the fabric of our historic buildings to improve thermal efficiency? What about efficiency in power consumption, more significant than the heat demand in many office and industrial buildings? How do the building occupants affect the actual building energy consumption? And how can the choice of building retrofits to be undertaken be rationalised?

These and other issues will be discussed in the light of a case study of two very different buildings at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The first, the Princess of Wales Conservatory, is a substantial ornamental glasshouse, parts of which are maintained at tropical temperatures all year round, presenting a significant heat demand and consuming 32% of the total gas consumption for the Kew site. The second is the Jodrell Laboratory, the primary scientific laboratory at Kew, which houses a high density of scientific equipment with a correspondingly high power demand and consuming 15% of the total electricity consumption for the site. Computer simulation of both buildings has been performed in order to provide information to support decision making for building retrofit and energy supply strategy.

The key factors in simulating both types of building will be outlined and explored, and the results described will focus on potential retrofit options for both buildings, including the potential for efficiencies in energy supply. The presentation will conclude with a discussion of the wider implications of the study for the UK building stock.

Rebecca Ward studied Physics at St John’s College, Oxford before following an MSc in Structural Dynamics at the Cranfield Institute of Technology. She was then at Atkins Science and Technology for 13 years working on a wide variety of projects, primarily related to the simulation of the effects of dynamic loads, specifically earthquakes and explosions, on structures. She has experience in static and dynamic analysis of structures, both linear and non-linear.

During a period of time off work to have children, and partly as a result of designing the loft conversion in her house, she became very interested in how buildings interact with their environment and the corresponding impact on building energy consumption. She was awarded a Daphne Jackson Trust fellowship, funded by the Royal Academy of Engineering, to pursue this interest. The fellowship, in conjunction with the Energy Efficient Cities initiative at Cambridge University, has focussed on using computer simulation of building performance to in order to identify the potential for reducing carbon emissions from the buildings at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. She is currently working at the Cambridge University Engineering Department, performing an analysis of the ventilation in the Department laboratory areas. Rebecca is a Chartered Engineer and a Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Institute of Physics and the Women’s Engineering Society.

Parallel Sessions – Continuing Professional Development

Spotting the Sexism: Career Success and Smashing the Glass Ceiling Jane Farrell: CEO – EW Group

What are the barriers to progressing your career in engineering? How can you spot unconscious bias in operation, and what can you practically do about it?

EW Group CEO Jane Farrell draws on her 20 years' experience of working with organisations across all business sectors to give you real life case studies and practical advice for overcoming inequality in the workplace. She will consider how unconscious bias impacts on organisational culture and discuss some of the wider principles of promoting respect and equality at work.

Jane worked in social work and education before founding EW Group with Dr Annie Hedge in 1992. Jane has consulted and trained widely and specialises in

working with senior teams to improve individual, team and organisational performance.

EW Group has provided consultancy and training around equality, diversity and inclusion since 1992. The company provides people development support from individual coaching and accredited leadership courses to senior team facilitation and bespoke training. Among current EW Group clients are Santander, the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy and Invensys.

Inspiring the Next Generation of Women in Engineering Kat Sandford: National STEM Ambassadors Programme Manager – STEMNET

STEM Ambassadors are role models from industry and research; volunteers who give their time to share their passion and expertise in STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) with young people, usually in schools.

Some STEM Ambassadors talk about their career, some run activities demonstrating the techniques they use every day. Some STEM Ambassadors mentor individual sixth formers, others contribute at enormous science fairs. Together, they inspire and enthuse the next generation.

Around 9% of the engineering work force is female. Among STEM Ambassadors, 26% of engineers are female. We would love to see both those numbers rise! In this session, Kat Sandford will discuss ways in which you can get involved as a STEM Ambassador and help promote engineering among those who may not currently be aware of or enthused by the opportunities offered by a career in engineering.

STEMNET now delivers around 10,000 activities each year. Our long-term, independent evaluation consistently shows that our volunteers make a real difference to students’ interest and motivation. We work with nine in ten state secondary schools across the UK every year, but there is always more to do!

What could you do for the next generation? What could volunteering do for you? Come and find out and get involved!

Kat Sandford is the National STEM Ambassadors Programme Manager at STEMNET, a national charity creating opportunities for young people through STEM subjects. Prior to taking on her current role, Kat worked in local STEM Ambassadors programme delivery, and in volunteer management for The Big Bang Fair. Kat has an extensive background in science communications, having originally developed an interest in the field following a degree in neuroscience.

Putting Energy into Creating Free Knowledge: About Wikipedia Daria Cybulska: Programme Manager – Wikimedia UK

Wikipedia is the 6th most visited website in the world, and like most other tech-related organisations or projects, it too cannot boast of high female participation. Research from 2011 points out that an estimated 9% of the editors of English Wikipedia are women, even though participation is open to everyone. The reasons seem to be complex and we will look at some of them during the presentation.

Wikipedia is an encyclopedia project, and I would hope everyone agrees that a balance of various opinions is an essence of it. All articles aim to be written

from a neutral point of view, balancing bias by presenting different opinions. And so, having equal representation of women editors would help reduce some of the bias. Is there even a problem there? There is some empirical evidence that would suggest so. Notable women who work in traditionally male dominated fields, like engineering, are often given lesser biographical coverage on Wikipedia than men. Having more women volunteers may help reduce this skewed coverage.

Sue Gardner, the CEO of Wikimedia Foundation says “We think it’s important because Wikipedia’s promise to people is that we’ll bring them the sum of all human knowledge, and we don’t want to just bring them the sum of male knowledge or global North knowledge. It’s not a moral, ideological or feminist issue; it’s an issue of quality.”

Anyone can volunteer to contribute to the project. This talk will suggest some of the ways to do it – either on your own, or during social events where people can get together and edit on topics that interest them (‘editathons’).

For more details on how to get started, visit the Wikipedia tutorial (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial) or read the leaflet created for International Women’s Day 2013: http://uk.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:How_to_edit_-_International_Women%27s_Day_2013.pdf

Daria studied Philosophy at Kings College London. After graduation she worked for a number of charities tackling diverse issues (sustainability, unemployment, health), focusing on increasing volunteer involvement.

She started working for Wikimedia UK (charity supporting Wikipedia) in March 2012 as the Events Organiser, currently working as the Programme Manager. Since then, she has been working with the Wikimedia community to develop the organisation's programme of activities – conferences, workshops and events – spreading information about Wikipedia and enabling people to contribute to the project.

One of Wikimedia UK's focuses that Daria supports is increasing women participation in Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia UK is the Wikimedia chapter covering the United Kingdom. We exist to help collect, develop and distribute freely licensed knowledge (and other educational, cultural and historic material). We do this by bringing the Wikimedia community in the UK together, and by building links with UK-based cultural institutions, universities, charities and other bodies.

------------------

The 2013 WES AGM follows this conference in the Lower Marble Hall. Why not join us?