elite · have helped us along our lives can't be compressed into one article but i shall speak...

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TILL FURTHER

NOTICE..

VOL.1, ISSUE 19, MAY 2020

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issue 19, May 2020 #Ramadan_Kareem

Volume 1 - Issue 19 - May 2020

RamdadanKareem

May2020 Guests : Dr. Nazli Moawad & Dr. HusseinAbdelaziz

Prof.Dr. Mahmoud Alsaid (Chairman)---Prof.Dr. Hanan M. Ali (Member)--Prof.Dr. Samy Elsayyed

(Member)--Prof.Dr Mazen Hassan (Member) --Mr. Ramy Magdy Ahmed (Editor in chief)

Mrs. Silvana Sobhy, --Ms. Sara Nasreldine , Ms. Carolin Sherief , --Ms. Nermine Tawfik

Jasmin Nabil, Farah Fayez, Israa Awaad, Yassmine Gamal Hussein, Omar Alaa, Habiba Atef, Mohamed Abdel-Azim,

Habiba Diaa El Din, Mayar Tarek, Yasmine Tariq, Abdel Rahman ElHadidi, Salma Bayoumi, Ruqayya Al Jaafari, Hana

Zakaria, Hanya Bahaa, Maryam Hefny, Jozeph George, Farah Ezzeldin, Aliyaa Assem, Rana Doss, Assile Mostafa,

Mirna Ossama , Farah Islam, Maryam Sultan and Nada Hosny , Norhan Adel, and Mohamed Rostom

EDITORIAL BORARD

EDITORS (THIS ISSUE)

HIGH BOARD

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Prof.Emeritus Dr. Nazli Moawad in an exclusive interview with ELITE:

Cairo : Ramy Magdy, Jasmin Nabil and Farah FayezIn an electronic interview, the first of its kind in thenewspaper, we conducted a dialogue with Professor Dr.Nazli Moawad, an Emeritus at the Department ofPolitical Science at Cairo University. She has been arepresentative of Egypt in UNESCO, the Vice Dean forStudent Affairs, and she has also been awarded theNational Order of the Legion from the French President,which is the highest honor in France.In this conversation, she told us about experiences fromher personal as well as her practical life, her professionalopinions about the domestic and international situations,passing through some of her fondest memories andconcluding with precious advice to the faculty’s futuregenerations. -How did your relationship with the Faculty ofEconomics and Political Science start and why did youchoose it? I think my relationship with it started ever since myinfancy. I grew up in what you can call a politicalfamily. My parents were always discussing politics.With my father supporting the “Saadian Party,” and mymother supporting “Al-Wafd,” I always heard theirdiscussions about political matters such as elections andtheir results.

I was only but 8 years old when the 1952 revolutioncame and heard the different opinions people had tosay about it. As such, I grew more and more interestedin and aware of the public sphere. I grew up in theNasserian era which was rich with events,contradictions and influential turning points. Theseevents created extremes on both sides generatingdebates and arguments. I lived through it all within myown house. That is when I became interested in therelation between the ruler and the ruled; the core ofPolitical Science. At the time, I was a student at the LyceeFrancais,accordingly it was normally expected from me tocontinue my studies in French Arts and Literature.However, due to personal reasons, my studies werehalted from the year 1961 until 1965. During theseyears, the educational system had been changed sothat private schools were not allowed to grantgraduation certificates, therefore, I decided to go backand finish the 3-year General Education Degree in 1year, finishing 27 exams in only 9 days.

Challenges of Population, Corruption, Class

inequalities and Digitization are our Country's Biggest

Internal Dilemmas

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Alongside such changing situations, the newlyestablished faculty of Economics and Political Sciencewas renowned for its excellence, and for enrolling anelect few top students. I enrolled not seeking adiplomatic career but intent on exploring the scienceitself, that which I grew up with. Henceforth, myacademic passion for political science has been rootedand the relationship with the beloved faculty began. - How did the mentorship of Professor Boutros BoutrosGhali influence your life? And, what are the mostmemorable situations you have during your collegeyears? I would have to start with a person I consider to be mygodfather who is Professor Boutros Boutros Ghali. Iwould like to highlight here the interpersonal aspect ofhis character with the students that is rarely exploredpublicly. He taught me three times during the time Iwas at the faculty. At the time he was the head of thePolitical Science department and the head of“International Politics” magazine. After being appointed as a teaching assistant, Iconsulted with him at his office and told him that if heagreed to be my mentor and supervisor I would like tocontinue my career in the academic path. He didn’t stopat the promise to be my mentor but his favors towardsmyself were numerous. In the academic field, he was amentor to me and even entrusted me with teachingsome of his classes, monitoring, giving instructions andfeedback on improving my teaching skills.

He played another important role in my life throughsupervising my Masters and PhD theses. His supervisionwas not only academic but personal as well. He wasalways considerate to the different circumstanceswithout being unjustifiably strict. I remember assisting him in writing 3 of his books.However, being the great man he was, he did not exploithis student but insisted on writing a contract with theAnglo publishing to get a share of the sales returns.Aside from all that, he was the creator of my careerabroad and outside Egypt, academically and in theUNESCO. I was sent on two academic missions, bothtimes, he sent handwritten recommendation letters forhis old colleagues in my favor. With regards to my career in UNESCO, when Prof.Ghali was appointed as the UN Secretary General in1993,I was vice dean at the time. I received a call fromthe UNESCO Secretary General at the time FedericoMayor, informing me that Prof. Ghali has left two emptyseats in UNESCO and that he recommended I take hisplace representing Egypt in the International Committeefor Peace Research as well as the Committee forDemocracy and Human Rights. As such, Prof.Ghali did not have a just a role in my lifebut he was foundational and the creator of my academicand public life.- In your opinion, How does the faculty shape the livesand personalities of its students?First of all, the institutional character of the faculty playsa great role in shaping its students. Being established onvaluable principles and pillars


I am wholeheartedly grateful for Prof.Dr. Mahmoud Alsaid

for his irreplaceable suuport efforts during my sickness

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allowed the faculty to be unique and a lighthouse tothose around it. I can capsulize these pillars into fourmain principles. Firstly, seriousness and hard work.Secondly, commitment to values and ethics. Thirdly,refinement in manners, values and behaviors. Finally,honest patriotism. This character has been reflected onthe majority of its students and graduates grantingthem a sense of particularism and distinction anywherethey are. They carry themselves with dignity and asense of pride in themselves, their colleagues and eventheir alumni. It furthermore fosters a sense ofcamaraderie among its students, giving rise to a unifiedentity. Such influence is exerted through three majorchannels. The first channel is the professorsthemselves, even young ones, inheriting this legacy ofvalues and transferring it to the following generations.The second channel, the employees and workers evenadministratively. The faculty imprints its values anddistinguishes those who interact within its sphere. Thethird channel is the societal and mental perception thatdistinguishes the faculty and creates a motive withinthe students to live up to these standards. - For whom is Professor Nazly grateful?Speaking of gratitude, our gratitude for the people thathave helped us along our lives can't be compressed intoone article but I shall speak of my gratitude in thecurrent moment to be as precise as possible. Here, weshall separate between personal humane emotionalgratitude and objective scientific gratitude. In regardsto the first type, I must give credit to everyone who hasstood by me in my medical crisis since 2016 whetherby care or by support and above them all Dr. MahmoudAlsaid not for being the dean of the faculty but forbeing a good son and a noble chivalrous person thatoffered me a lot of great health care and personalservices as the excellent young dean for whom I wishall health and success in his exceptional roles inelevating this faculty. I shall not mention in detail thehealth services he has provided for me but he, beyond ashadow of a doubt, has cared for me in my sickness,supported me, and to this day remains

consistent in asking for updates on my health thus Iremain grateful to him and admit to his nobility andchivalry as a good son to his mother. Moreover, thedean is a graduate of the class of 1992 when I was thefaculty vice dean for education and students’ affairs asI recall handing him an excellence and valedictoriancertificate over his peers. Aside for Dr. Mahmoud Alsaid's support, I can'tforget my beloved ones all over the faculty startingfrom students to the academic and administrative staffto the officials and even the labor workers for whatthey provide of a clean and health environment for allof us. And so, I'm grateful for everyone in the facultywith the exceptions that have not checked on me inmy sickness but the judgment is by the majority notby the exceptions. I am thus thankful for the entirefaculty and all its members that have supported meemotionally, physically, and humanely as it was thegreatest treatment. No doubt, I am better than manyothers and God is to thank for that.Also I shall not forget that for the period of my firsthealth services in 2017 that the head of the universityat the time Dr. Gaber Gad Nassar responded to all therequests of the dean of the faculty Dr. MahmoudAlsaid in transportation and other logistics that havethe capacity to provide me comfort in my sickness as Ilived in the “Dar-El-Diyafa” (a CU hostel for staff)for an entire year which gave me a chance to contactall of my beloveds to whom I remain indebted and forwhom I wish health.

5E L I T EBut when it comes to the objective scientificgratitude, it also goes to the dean Dr. MahmoudAlsaid with no fake courtesies, hypocrisy, or flatterybut on an unbiased basis that relies on real incidentsas my kin the dean Mahmoud Alsaid was handed thetorch by the previous dean whom I consider mydaughter Dr. Hala Alsaid as she preserved this gemof a faculty in tough conditions and he took morecare of it. His work as a dean doesn’t require sayingas his achievements speak for themselves in front ofwitnesses. Thus, I owe him as he exerts great effortin maintaining our lighthouse amongst theuniversity, our leading faculty in the Egyptian andArab social sciences, aided by a huge team ofqualified and powerful people upon whom the deandoesn’t hesitate to rely on included my dear daughterDr. Hanan Hassan, the Vice dean for education andstudents affairs, for she is the dynamo of the facultywith a waking conscious and an exceptionalcompetence within a team lead by the dean and hisaides and also the entirety of the vice-deans ,teaching staff, administrators, and workers as theyare extraordinary through the blessing of God. At theend, I admit my gratitude to the generosity of Dr.Mahmoud Alsaid and his merit in conserving thisfaculty with the help of his team and in helping it toshine brighter through his reliance in the qualifiedand his appreciation for the excellent and there is nogreater proof of this than that Elite newspaperthrough which I'm talking to you now is verydistinguished as the faculty has never had amagazine with this caliber of merit, uniqueness, andbrilliance


- Being awarded the National Order of the Legioncertainly is a significant event in your career, Can youtell us more about this honor? I was awarded this honor exactly one year ago on the22nd of April 2019 by the French Republic. Theceremony took place at the French Embassy in Egyptin the presence of my beloved colleagues and studentsin the faculty. I was sincerely surprised to be awardedsuch a medal, especially with it being the highestawarded in France ever since Napoleon Bonaparte. Mysurprise was further deepened due to the fact that onlya very few non-French nationals are awarded thismedal, with most of them having either a militarybackground, or an extremely specific and technicalscientific background, and rarely ever women. I was left contemplating what could be the reasons thatwould lead them to award me this honor. I found out Iwas one amongst thousands of human ties connectingEgypt and France over more than 250 years, could thisbe a sufficient reason? I tried to view my life from the French perspective. Idiscovered that the French influence and presence hasbeen present in my life significantly personally,professionally, and practically. This presence extendsback to my primary education in the “Ecole DeSainteFamille,” and then followed by my education inthe “LyceeFrancais.” My love for the French arts andliterature continues and its values influenced meintensively. I can divide my life into different phases of Frenchinfluence. The first phase being influenced was myeducation and upbringing, I lived through Frenchnovels and with them grew within me a hope to seeFrance and know more about it. I had a passion foreverything French at the time, I was thus influenced bythe French finesse. The second phase is theprofessional one. During which, I got my PhD inPolitical science and was able to travel on two separateacademic missions to France and lived there for twoyears. These years shaped and enriched my academicknowledge and research. At the time I was veryintegrated with the French academic community, thishelped build up my career. The last phase, which I maysay is the most important, is the time between )1992-2015(. This phase was one of maturity on both the

6E L I T Eprofessional and personal sides. I was lucky enoughto be able to play a role in the Franco-Egyptianrelations. In 1992, I was vice dean for student affairs,at the time, the establishment of a French section wassuggested to Cairo University, the idea was initiallyresisted but eventually it got through. Ever since, theFrench section has had the strongest elementsacademically, scientifically and on the personal levelas well. I was keen on teaching in the sectionregularly between 1993 and uptill 2015. Another aspect in my relationship with France wasthe period between 1994 and 2012 when I headed TheCenter for Research and Political Studies. During thistime, and continuing till now, there was an annualFranco-Egyptian symposium held in each of thecountries alternatively. This created a channel ofcommunication between professors in each country. The third tie was my presence in UNESCO (1993-2002), representing Egypt as pre-mentioned. As such,I frequented Paris at least two times a year, and thusmy ties to Paris and France grew even tighter. - The world is currently undergoing a major challengewith the spread of the Corona pandemic, and there aresome sayings about changing the international systemafter the passage of that crisis. How do you see theimpact of this crisis internationally?It must be stated that in such a situation, noarguments or predictions can be ascertained. All wehave to go on are the published facts and numbers.Therefore, no one can say who or what is behind thisand what their motives could be. We are facingbiological warfare, a small virus destroying greatpowers. Thus, the question becomes what could happen afterthis pandemic ends? What could be the structure ofthe international system? The international system isan organizational umbrella that sets the rules andregulates interactions between states. This structurehas passed through different phases andstructures,from multi-polarity, bi-polarity, semi uni-polarity, and lastly it has been undergoing atransitional phase to what seems to be a

multipolar system, especially with the rise ofpotential powers such as China and India. There is aplethora of interpretations rising about what couldhappen. There are trends that support the possiblecooperation between the United States and China,while there are others that support that they wouldremain in a phase of complex interactions that do notgive rise to clear poles and a clearly defined system. In my opinion, this crisis has revealed the fragility ofthe current system and great powers. Accordingly, Iturn my attention towards the BRICS group. Thisgroup has been present since 2006, it has held 10summit meetings, and established the NewDevelopment Bank. In their founding agreement, thegroup declared that one of their goals is to create anew international system that opts for cooperationand equality rather than competition. With their risingpower, one should ask whether the re-creation of theinternational system to be centered on this group ispossible. In such a scenario the leading countrieswould be variant. Russian power would be at the topof such a system alongside other great powers such asChina, India, Brazil and South Africa. The questionwould be whether the group would include majorrising regional powers such as Egypt, Argentina,Indonesia, and Japan. A system belonging to the“Global South”, facing Western Europe and the US.In case of materialization of such a system, it wouldbe one that is based not on military might but ratheron economic ties and cooperation. With such culturalvariability, inclusion is important. Such vision requires caution and awareness of itsweak points. Firstly, one should be aware of theRussian cultural europeanness. The second point thatwould need caution is the challenges that would becreated from the remnants of the former internationalsystem as well as cooperation possibilities with itsmajor powers.


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The second dilemma is one that tires the local andadministrative bodies, namely corruption. Monetarycorruption can be solved through laws, however, it maybe attributed to personal characteristics and as suchwould not be an easy way to solve. In due time, witheconomic development and improving livingconditions as well as the elimination of the defectiveelements, corruption can be solved. The third dilemma is the vast disparities between thedifferent strata of the society. These disparities are notexemplified in the living situations alone, but also inthe mindsets and values of the people. Due to manyconsiderations, you can find both types, those who livewithin the 21st century with all that it has to offer, andothers who still interact with medieval mindsets. The fourth dilemma, is that of digitization andincorporation of digital technologies in the differentaspects of the public life. As for the external dilemmas, the first of which is theagitated regional context. Regional crises in thedifferent countries such as Syria, Lebanon, Yemen,Libya, Sudan, and Iraq create a regional furnace ofraging fires strangling the Egyptian efforts fordevelopment. The second pressing dilemma is that ofthe Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam; which is notone of water conflict but of international politicalaffairs and foreign policy. Especially with theintervention of other powers utilizing the conflict toexert pressures on Egypt. Thirdly, those who left Egyptand joined adversary regimes that seek to halt Egypt’sprosperity and block its path. Such elements areshameful elements, they are divided into two groupsthe first is one that uses Islamic religiosity, and theother belongs to secular liberalism, both attempting topromote false adverse knowledge about Egypt. I now turn to the untapped potentials that Egyptpossesses in tackling the previous dilemmas. It has ahistorical and strategic existence throughout time, anatural, material reality, a creation of the Almighty notthrough competition between different powers. It is thestrategic heart of the world. Egypt has four mainstrengths that are rooted in its structural being,elements that form the Egyptian truths and reality.

In the end, despite the different scenarios one maypresent, there are some basic facts that should be keptin mind. First of all, that the US would never becompletely gone or destroyed. It is the newlydiscovered world that is laden with stored resourcesand potentials. The second fact is, the risethe naturalChinese titan that is rising with steady and firm steps.Accordingly, those two powers cannot be ignored inthe aftermath of the pandemic. Thus, despite theunclear future of the international system, it is clearthat the Global South and Asian sides are amassingweights on the international arena. What could happenbeside this Asian-South entity, no one can say withcertainty. Before wrapping up my reading to the internationalsystem, I would like to express my appreciation andgratitude to my colleague Prof. Abdul Monem AlMashat, for his article that was published on the 5th ofApril in the Economic Ahrammagazine discussing thepossibility of a new Asian world order which made meconsider this prospect as well. Finally, I have to say that the Egyptian way of tacklingthe pandemic has been a remarkable one that proved tothe whole world the strategic value of Egypt and re-established its place at the heart of the world. - Egypt has been in a sensitive internationalenvironment that is full of crises for nine years, in youropinion what are the challenges and opportunitiesavailable to Egypt today? This is one of the most straight-forward, yet hardestquestions. Currently, Egypt faces many challenges thatI would describe as dilemmas, and rather than sayingopportunities -which are momentary and unexpected-, Iwould use the term ‘potentials’ because these arerooted and established within it. There are four major domestic dilemmas that Egypt isfaced with. Firstly, the increasing population whichdefeats many development attempts. Although therehave been numerous efforts for more than 70 years,and despite the many social and cultural aspectsinteracting that complicate the matter; the true solutionlies in the hands of the Egyptian woman.

8E L I T EFirstly, natural powers; the people, the land, and theresources. The strategic and rich context has shapedand enriched the character of the Egyptian citizen whois infused with the richness of the land and its history.This gave rise to the strong Egyptian character that isable to face all types of hardships without failing. The second is the military power. It has been indeedtruly said that the Egyptian soldiers are earth’s finestsoldiers. Egyptian military men are truly patriotic withundivided loyalty. This has been proven over thecourse of history. Before the time of Mohamed Ali, therole of the Egyptians was limited to farming, trade andAl-Azhar. Military enlistment was limited to foreignersfor 1500 years of roman, Greek, Turkish and Arabdomination. At the time of Mohamed Ali, theenlistment of Egyptian peasants became mandatorybecause of his might. Within 15 years with this army,Ibrahim Pasha was able to conquer the region till hereached the borders of the Astana. This proves that theEgyptian military men are extremely patriotic and loyalto their homeland. They do not get side-tracked withprimary or regional identities, but they remain focusedand loyal to their country. The third is the modern scientific power. We have inEgypt significant and systematic scientific entities thatfoster some of the world’s greatest scientific minds thathave been able to generate scientific advancements allaround the world. Finally, the fourth power is that of faith and spirit. Eversince the times of the Pharos, there has been this powerthat seeks the relation between the creator and thecreated. This force is one that pushes the Egyptiansforward with the knowledge that there would be a timeof judgment and reward.


- What advice would you give to students of theFaculty of Economics and Political Science?If I have to say anything to the students of the faculty,it would be to tell them to appreciate the faculty andhow exceptional and unique it is in all aspects. Seizeevery opportunity you get to make the most out of yourcollege experience, ask the professors and the teachingassistants as much as you can. The opportunity to bewithin the environment of the faculty is a great one,you should not let it go by without investing in yourselfthrough interacting with it. My second recommendation is to deal with societyfrom the perspective of the elite that you are, not out ofego-centrism or vanity, but rather being the refinedmodel of the Egyptian youth. Thirdly, make use of the available information andmodern technology to develop your knowledge. Don’ttake all things for granted but rather question and applyself-administered mental filtering. My final advice, keep your mind focused that duringyour four years at the faculty that you are seekers ofknowledge and thus should attempt to maximize your scientific gains and mental benefits in order to developyour character.

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Cairo : Silvana Sobhy, Israa Awwad, Yassmine Gamal Hussein We would like to begin our dialogue with Dr. Hussein AbdelAziz – professor of statistics and consultant in the CentralAgency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS), byidentifying the two most important points thatour discussionwill revolve around. Firstly, your relationship with the Facultyof Economics and Political Science as a student before, andyour relationship with the Faculty as one of the pioneers ofstatistics in Egypt. So we would like to start this dialogue byasking about the beginning of your relationship with the collegeor perhaps we could go even further back and ask why youchose the Faculty of Economics and Political Science inparticular and then discuss your choice to specialize in statisticslater on. As you know, Egypt started development plans in the 60’s, so itwas in need of highly qualified human force, and that is wherethe idea of establishing a college of economics and politicalsciences came from. It was intended to follow the model of itspredecessor in England, The London School of Economics, andit was supposed to be established in the early 1960s.But forsome reason it was postponed for a year. The college beganwith two classes, the first year students were from high-schoolgraduates,and the second year studentswereselected from theoutstanding students in the faculties of law and commerce.Itwas also possible for the students from the Faculty ofCommerce to specialize in any of the three disciplines but mytendency towards mathematics enabled me to specialize in"Statistics".Now we would like to know your relationship with theprofessors at FEPS and who had an impact on you on theacademic andpersonal level.

As one of the first batches to join FEPS, which ranged from forty-five to fifty students, it made it possible for all of the professors,even the dean of the faculty, Dr. Mohammed ZakiShafei, to knowus personally. This made us have a good relationship that extendedoutside the college as a kind of social interaction. Of the professorswho had a great influence in our lives was Dr. MadaniDsouki andDr. Mohammed Abdul Rahman Al Badri. Was there harmony between the three departments of the collegein the sense that a student of statistics, for example, was familiarwith economics and politics?Of course, the choice of the statistics department from thebeginning to be one of the departments of the college was not anabsurd decision, but it was to add the quantitative study to all theother sections, therefore the three sections were better integrated. Ialso remember that since we were students, we were welltrainedwhen it comes to practical life. For Example, between the secondand third years, the Bank of Alexandria conducted a study ofeconomic conditions in all the governorates of Egypt and askedstudents from the statistics and economics departments toparticipate in this research, which increased my interest instatistical work. And what advice would you give to the college’s students?I advise them that the professional life is a place to apply theirtheories to reality which makes it different from the academiclife.So they should prepare for it well and they should know thatthe job market is currently very interested in technology andlanguages thus they should develop themselves in these sectors.As we know, you are a consultant in the Central Agency for PublicMobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS), and you are a supervisorof the two most important censuses in Egypt's statistical history,namely the population and economic censuses.

Prof.Dr. Hussein Abdelaziz, Statistics Professor and CAPMAS consultant :

FEPS Graduates are the backbone of Egypt's

censuses

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These two censuses are important because they are the firstelectronic censuses in Egypt, we would be more than pleased ifyou could talk more about them. We were supposed to do them in 2016 and at the same time, wewere celebrating the 100th anniversary of CAPMAS. In addition, aconference was held to discuss the role of the agency for large-scale meetings. One of the most important suggestions taken intoconsideration was to make two forms, one of which is long,applied to a sample of society and another short one applied to thewhole population. We looked at many countries that haveimplemented technological transformation, such as Brazil andJordan. At this time, Mr. Abu Bakr al-Jundi, head of the agency,requested that I carry out the general supervision of the census. Wehave really benefited from this technological shift, so we used45,000 tablets instead of a 120,000 which we would’ve used if weused one form instead of two. This transformation was not easy.We have done serious work in cooperation with the Ministry ofCommunication and many other companies, we decided not toleave this project completely to private companies - as they did inJordan - but we participated in the process because we have afurther goal which is to prepare future qualified personnel for thistask within the Agency. The advantages of this shift were a higher level of quality for thedata gathered as well as its preciseness; it also forced all of therespondents to answer all of the questions without skipping any, asthey could not move to the next question without answering theone before. The most noticeableadvantage was cutting out multipleunneeded steps in the process, which helped save time as well,for example, the 2006 census we conducted took approximately18-24 months to be completed. But when it came to the 2017census, we finished collecting data in July and were able to publishthe results in September. Lastly, we mustn’t forget that this newmethodology allows the creation of a priceless database whichcould be used by any other sector of the government very easily.

You also mentioned in advance that the results of the census benefitdecision makers in all parts of the state, what protocols do each sectorof the state follow after the census results are presented?The results of the census were presented at a conference in thepresence of the President, who in turn ordered all state agencies tostudy these results and their implications for the activities of eachministry. For example, the Ministry of Planning has carried out studies on thelabour market and the Ministry of Population has studied differentaspectsin thepopulation surveys. Therefore, each ministry takes its ownperspective on the results of the census in a way, which could helpthem. If we go to the economic census, what are the most importantindicators that the census studies and what is its importance toinvestors?The economic census studies every economic activity that contributesto GDP and shows the relative importance of each activity. It also givesindicators and an overall image of the facilities, value added, profits,losses and the structure of economic activities. This is done by generalstudies, studies of activities and then geographical studies for eachprovince. Profit and loss indicators, inputs and outputs are displayedfor each activity of the state, which helps the investor to make hisdecision.Are these indicators indicating progress in economic activity?Yes, for example, the number of facilities in the public besides thepublic facilities has reached 3.7 million facilities. As for employment,thereare 13.5 million workers and the total production of these facilitiesis 3.9 trillion pounds, the total wages are 358.7 billion pounds, thevalue added is 2.2 trillion pounds and the capital formation is about472 billion pounds, which compared to the previous census are verypromising results.As a consultant in the Central Agency for Public Mobilization andStatistics, do you think that the graduates of the faculty in the Agencyhave an influential role to play?Yes, FEPS graduates, especially students of the statistics section, havebeen the backbone of census rooms, in addition to their role in dataanalysis, as they are proficient in using the knowledge they acquired inthe college and applying it into practice.We end our meeting with the great Dr. Hussein Abdulaziz, thank youvery much for his great efforts in the field of statistics in Egypt.

Today's job market searches for those interested inTechnology and mastering foreign langauges

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FEPS MEASURES FORCONCLUDING THE SPRING

SEMESTER

Under the current circumstances the country faces,many procedures and decisions were taken to keeppace during the outbreak of the new global Corona-viruse pandemic, the educational process has a shareof these decisions to keep up with the crisis so thatstudents can complete their semester. On Saturday, April 18, 2020, after a month of thestudy suspension, the Supreme Council ofUniversities adopted a series of decisions concerningthe e-learning and the proper ways to conduct examsfor the next period; the Council decided to continuee-learning process and curriculum explanation to befinished on April 30, 2020. It also decided to cancel the writing and oral examsfor all university students except seniors, and to bereplaced by; either research of students in eachsubject, such as their counterparts from some basiceducation students, or conducting electronic examsunder several conditions; First, each college infrastructure allows for theseexams. Second, there should be a limited number ofstudents in the college. Third and the mostimportant, is the availability of the Internet for eachstudent.

The choice of one alternative is left to the Council ofeach college for what it deems appropriate. Seniors were excluded from these decisions, yet theirexams were not scheduled till now, and they willresume after the end of the suspension period. The Council has also called for the concerned partiesto overcome all obstacles that will face these studentsdue to the delay of their graduation. As for postgraduate students, the Council decidedthat their examinations would also be suspended, likeseniors. Faculty of Economics and political Science confirmsthe Council's statement, and decided to carry outresearch for all years of transport for each subject,and at the end of the current week all professors willhave decided on the type and format of their researchmaterials. As for seniors that will be graduating at the spring2020 or in the summer of 2020, as the Councildecided, their written exams will be postponed untilthe end of the suspension period even in the coursesthey share with other levels students.

By: Mayar Tarek and Yasmin Tarek

11

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TOUGH APRIL: Egypt Covidupdates and Governmental

MeasuresIt won’t be an exaggeration if we said that April was one of themost difficult months that passed in Egypt in its modernhistory. Over the past month, we have witnessed the Egyptiangovernment fight the Corona virus on all levels from health,economy and education. This month has helped reveal theEgyptians’ strength and hardness through hardships and howEgyptian leaders deal with crisis. In April’s first week, we started off with number of casesalmost reaching one thousand; only for the number of cases torapidly increase in the third week till it reached more than3000 corona cases. However, despite the rapid spread of thevirus and the increase in number of cases, the situation inEgypt is considered relatively stable even with the alarmingnumber of cases. According to Doctor Omar Abu-Al-Atta the World HealthOrganization’s surveillance officer, despite the steady increasein the number of cases, Egypt is yet to reach the peak numberof Corona virus cases. Unfortunately, this indicates that we arenot to return to our normal daily life any time soon.Egypt not reaching the peak of cases is because of theprecautionary measures that the government has taken in orderto try and control the virus from spreading. Those measuresstarted with imposing a curfew in late march from 7 pm till 6am, later on there was a change in the curfew hours to changefrom 7pm to 8 pm as to facilitate things as there was an issuewith working citizens to get home after work hours.Furthermore, those measures included closing some shops,restaurants, clubs and malls but not markets and bakeries.

In April, we usually celebrate Easter, which is an original pillarof the Egyptian heritage, it is celebrated by going on picnicsand visiting relatives. Nevertheless, Egyptians succeeded inpassing this time by avoiding any gatherings and followed theinstructions set by the ministry of health. The Egyptians haveonce again set a wonderful example to show the level ofcommitment needed to pass such a hardship time. On that day, there were no cases of violations of the decisionsof the council of ministries to implement a complete ban onEaster day. The governors also closed off all public parks,beaches and any places where gatherings could take placepublicly. Those procedures have won the approval of the WorldHealth Organization as said by its representative here in Egypt,Doctor John Jabbour, who indicated earlier after theannouncement of the corona virus how the Egyptiangovernment has taken serious measures to fight this virus.The precautionary measures to fight the virus was not only onthe health level but it also included the economic aspect. Thosemeasures included an initiative by president Abdelfattah Al-sisito pay grants to one million and 400 thousand dues to irregularemployment in the amount of 500 pounds for a period of threemonths. This procedure was preceded by a package of decisionsof the Central Bank of Egypt to reduce the economic loss due tothe corona pandemic. Egypt is always known for its social work and the socialsolidarity between members of the society. In April, as a resultinitiative as ‘the challenge of goodness’ started amongcharitable institutions, companies and public figures from

by: Omar Alaa & Habiba Atef

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Islam nor hypocrisy not to receive thecorpses of corona victims. As the holy month enters, a state ofcontroversy arises among citizens over thecontinued closure of mosques. On one hand,the Ministry of Awqaf insists on suspendingall group activities during the month ofRamadan, to prevent the spread of infectionand the establishment of Tarawih prayers inhomes, others are with calling for theestablishment of Tarawih prayers in mosqueswithout the presence of worshipers Andbroadcast it with loudspeakers to preserve thecontinuity of Ramadan rituals accompanyingthe holy month. It seems that the corona chapter in Egypt hasnot yet come to an end, it started first onFebruary 14 with the discovery of the firstcase of corona virus in Egypt, and it is notknown when life will return to normal andwhen the economy will revolve again. Whichcalls for more caution and responsibility onthe part of all citizens for the passage of thatcrisis unprecedented in the history of modernEgypt.

different fields, such as sports and art, in order tosupport those affected by the consequences ofthe corona.Egyptian universities stood in the front lines inorder to fight the pandemic as the ministry ofhigher education announced that 7 dormitoryareas have been equipped in order to act asisolation hospitals. Cairo university hasintensified its scientific resources in order to finda treatment for corona virus, which, according toDoctor Muhammad Othman Al-Khoshtannouncement, President of Cairo University,led to the initial approval of a treatment protocolfor people with the virus.The Egyptian religious institutions were notabsent from the scene, as the religiousinstitutions also played a responsible andrespectable role as they did not express anyopposition to closing the places of worship, Even during festive times, and with the adventof the glorious Easter feast, the churches of thethree Egyptian Orthodox, Catholic andEvangelical churches held the mass withoutmass attendance, in a first precedent of its kind. And with the continued closure of Muslim andChristian places of worship and the suspensionof all prayers and activities in it, since March 22,on the other side, the fatwas from Sheikh Al-Azhar Ahmed Al-Tayeb, aimed at raisingpeople's awareness, he announced that he iscommitted to the measures to limit the spread ofthe epidemic is a legitimate duty, and in theincident That shook public opinion in April inwhich the people of the village of Shubra Al-Baho, Dakahlia Governorate, refused to bury adoctor who died from the virus. The Sheikh ofAl-Azhar expressed his disapproval and hisanger towards the behaviour that the people ofthe village followed, indicating that it is neither


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DEPRAVED & UNLUCKY : HOW 2020 EGYPTIANS

RECIEVED HOLY RAMADAN AMID COVID19 ?

The Egyptian Dar Al Ifta' announced thatThursday 23rd of April is the last day of theMonth Shaaban and that Friday 24th of April isthe first day of Ramadan for the Islamic year1441. Last years, Muslims used to pray Taraweh,mosques used to be full of dates and aromas,mosques were used to be open all day long forthe sake of spiritual feelings of Ramadan.Egyptian families get ready for Ramadan bybuying much commodities that markets used tobe full of dates and dried fruits which are veryaccompanied in our minds with Ramadan. AlMo'ez streets gets crowded, as the most importantmonumental street full of Islamic heritage. In thatstreet, one can see a variety of people as well as avariety of commodities. Visits to the mosques ofAl Sayeda Zainab and Al Hussien increase. Also,there is the area of "Bab Al Khalq" which is apioneering area in producing "Fawanees".

However, in those days of Corona, the Egyptiangovernment took special measures concerningdaily life rituals and religious rituals especiallyin order to stop the proliferation of thepandemic from one hand and to facilitate life onthe other hand.. The Ministry of Awqaf issued several measuresregarding the daily religious life in this regard,according to a statement of the Council ofMinisters that includes the following:After taking the opinion of the health minister,they assured that fasting is still obligatory on allMuslims and that Corona doesn't stop fasting.However, only those who suffer from chronicdiseases or got infected from the virus don't fast. Stop all forms of social gathering, includingprayers in mosques, this in order to savehumans' lives which is also an integral part ofthe Islamic religion. The ministry insisted onthat- as the ministry of health said- that dangeris in gatherings.


By: Mohamed AbdelazimTranslation : Habiba Diaa

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E L I T Eso, social distancing and protection measures arevery important. And in order to facilitate life forcitizens, the ministry of culture has an importantrole in this regard: The minister of culture Dr. Inas Abdel Dayemannounced a cultural program which comes underthe campaign of "Stay Home……Culture is withinyour hands". This program is transmitted through the ministry'sofficial YouTube channel and social mediaaccounts. And it includes activities such ascompetitions which aims at enriching knowledgefor all Egyptians with their different age groups aswell as special ones to children. And she assuredthat all shows aim at maintaining the Egyptianidentity and helps in increasing general awareness.Moreover, different ministers cooperate to facilitatelife during those hard times which are witnessed byall the world.And in relation to the partial curfew issued by thegovernment, Dr. Mustafa Madbouly, the Primeminister, announced several new measures. Curfew will start at 9 PM till 6 AM and that mallsand shops who were obliged to close in Saturdaysand Fridays are allowed to open all week along till 5PM. Also, citizens are allowed to buy what theywant from restaurants. This comes with specialprotection measures.The minister clarified thatthose measures came to give citizens theopportunity to but their essentials both before andafter Iftar as to avoidcrowdedness and gathering andto pave the way for the returning of normal life andto let citizens adapt with those circumstances. The Prime Minister added that it was agreed withthe Minister of Interior and Justice on the return ofsome of the main government services that thecitizen needs, which were suspended for about amonth, which is reopening the real estate officesstarting from next week to provide specific services,and the courts returning to work only in theinheritance notification sessions, in order to avoid

To disrupt the interests of many groups.Madbouly added that it was agreed to start nextweek in allowing traffic departments to licensenew vehicles, to solve the problem of newvehicles that their owners have purchased, andthey need to complete procedures to use them. The Prime Minister directed the governors of theimportance of strict adherence to theimplementation of the measures of the partialcurfew that was announced, which reflects animage of seriousness and commitment during theholy month of Ramadan, with the need to imposegreater regulation on traffic, and to develop clearplans to coordinate with the various services inthe governorate.


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Updates on Corona's impact onlocal and international economy

Certainly, the spread of the Corona virus in various countrieshas ramifications on the world as well. Many internationalinstitutions have lowered their expectations regarding thegrowth rates of the global economy after the spread of thisepidemic in addition to the possibility of entering the globaleconomy in a recession which may be worse than theeconomic recession that occurred in 2009, if not the worst atall. This is due to lower global trade rates and lower FDI(foreign direct investment) inflows. The crisis got worse on 20 April, when oil prices reachedbelow zero. This is the worst crisis that the global oilmarkethad faced ever. This will complicate the role of centralbanks while facing the crisis. Of course, this will lead to thedestruction of the global industry and a significant economicdownturn in the coming period, however the global economyis expected to start recovering again by 2021 after the end ofthe Corona crisis. This made the Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment invite policy makers around the world to dotheir best to stop the spread of the disease due to its badeffects.

Corona didn’t only infect humans, but also affected the globaleconomy as a whole. There is no doubt that this was reflectedon all life aspects, whether politically or socially, locally orinternationally.If we looked closer at the Egyptian economy after the spread ofthe Corona virus, we will see the ramifications of this epidemicas this virus affects the growth rate in the second half of thecurrent fiscal year and this impact will increase by the end ofthe year. The most economic sectors affected by the crisis are tourism,real estate, exports in addition to the industrial sectors. Thetourism sector is the most affected, because the air trafficstopped so there are no tourists. Unlikeother sectors, such as theagricultural sector, that has limited damage as the demand for itsproducts can be considered as constant. We can’t deny that there are other sectors, such as thepharmaceutical industry which witnessed prosperity in thebeginningas pharmaceutical companies gains a lot of moneybecause demand for their products increased, but this may leadshortage of raw materials for the same reason andthe weaknessof international trade. This may lead to deterioration of thissector. All of this made the Egyptian government take some steps toeliminate the effects of the crisis, the central bank allocated 50billion for real estate financing for people with middle income,raising purchasing power by reducing the interest rates in banksand enhancing local demand. Those steps support the EgyptianStock Exchange and facilitating access to banking services andto support the affected sectors specially the tourism sector. thereare also some news about Egypt seeking a new IMF deal.

*Salma Bayoumi, 2nd Level, Economics.

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Just as the new Corona epidemic "Covid 19" invaded thebarriers of time and space, the calls for "distancelearning" - which accompanied the spread of the virus -came to sweep all the barriers. Thanks to theseinvitations, we were able to test the feeling of beingdeprived of the routine of the regular school day, and touse modern technology in the educational stage. In this context, the elite team decided that thephenomenon of distance learning should be the subject ofa questionnaire for this edition, taking into account thevariation in the ratio of males and females, and to ensurethat The views of students of theoretical and practicalcolleges. Accordingly, the questions posed to various students atCairo University revolved around the nature of themeasures taken by the college after the decision tosuspend studies at universities, and about their preferencefor distance learning or routine study in the college. They were also asked about the advantages anddisadvantages of e-learning from their point of view, andthe extent of their response to it,and how to develop fromit in case of the continuity of this crisis. And theiropinion on the best way to evaluate students, whetherthrough paper exams, research content, or online exams.

From the Faculty of Economics and Political Science,students have stated that the college was quick to respondto the government's decision, where the dean of thecollege participated in a link to its YouTube channel, inaddition to providing CDs for students facing difficulty inconnecting to the Internet, and the Student Union had agreat role in educating students about how to work withthe distance learning system. The students expressed theirpreference for the college in its traditional way, as thecollege is not only lectures and curricula but also has asocial dimension, as it is a place for interaction throughstudent activities and various activities such as seminars. And they stated that what distinguishes distance learningis the diversity of teaching methods, as there areprofessors who use the technique of video conference,and some of them publish lectures on the YouTubechannel, and those who seek to install sound on the"PowerPoint Slides", as well as the flexibility of thissystem in terms of browsing the lectures and thepossibility of repeating any part If it is not well absorbed.As for the disadvantages, it is that this system cannot beapplied in all colleges. Fortunately, the college wascooperative, especially as it provided students with theirown e-mail, and therefore students have a greater abilityto adapt to the situation, but for other colleges it is noteasy.

Experiencing e-learning : Discussionwith CU students

Carolin Sherief, Hana Zakareyya, Mariam Hefny, Omar Alaa and Hanya Bahaa

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From Commerce-Georgia College, one ofthe students said that the college hasestablished a site where all the lectures arepublished, and some teachers have usedvideo conferencing technology tocommunicate with the students. Andpersonally, he expressed his preference forthe college as a platform for learning, as itallows students to hear the explanationfrom more than one doctor and not onlythe one who records the lecture. As for theadvantages, one of the most important theavailability of the scientific materialthroughout the day, thus increasing theability to understand. But an importantdrawback to this feature is the lack ofpractical application necessary tounderstand some of the materials, whichwas available through sections in thecollege. And to maintain fairness, the best way toevaluate is paper exams, because in thecase of relying on research, we will findthat students will use the Internet or theirfriends without paying attention to theimportance of understanding the content ofthe research.In order not to forget thepractical colleges, we asked students fromthe College of Medicine and the Collegeof Physical Therapy so their response wasthat the two colleges resorted to uploadingvideos and audio recordings on the collegesite instead of the online lectures thatobliged them to adhere to certain dates.And in terms of their preference forstudying at the college or online,

some preferred the college because thepractical nature of their college requirespermanent interaction with teachers, whichis not provided by distance learning, andon the other side, the opinion of others wasthat distance learning is more comfortablefor early years’ students due to their lack ofneed to go to hospitals because most ofTheir studies are theoretical and based onknowing the basics of different subjects. Regarding the advantages, they indicatedthe possibility of repeating one part morethan once and taking notes while watchingthe videos. As for the faults, the student’sburden is increased and the necessity ofbeing persisting should be added, inaddition to that the recorded lectures do notgive the student an opportunity to discussand thus they lost an important elementthat was helping to understand the subjectclearly and thoroughly. They disagreedabout the method that should be followedto evaluate the students, so some of themwere with the idea of research becausethere is more room for cheating if theexams were conducted online. In contrast, others were against the idea ofresearch because the materials areaccumulated over the years and thereforewho depends on the Internet or Any othermeans of assistance instead of studyingwill have lost a bulky and important part ofthe scientific material, so onlineexaminations are the best solution,especially since the college will support

those who face any problems fromthe internet connection to how toperform the exams. In the end, they wanted to send animportant message to the people andthe government about thenecessityof appreciating the role of doctorsand the medical profession beingone of the most importantprofessions in any society, as wealways find them in the first lines ofdefense to face any crisis - even iftheir lives will be the cost -In conclusion, it can be seen thatstudents have differed opinionsabout their ability to keep pace withthis system, which they have neverbeen familiarized throughout theireducational career, especially withthe presence of factors that hinderfocus, such as poor internet speed,worn out electronic infrastructure,and the fear of the virus, whichmade most of them unable to Thecompletion of the semester with thesame passion.But we can only pray that the crisiswill be resolved soon so that wereturn to our normal life - whichwas in spite of being routine attimes but it is a grace for us - takinginto account that such a shift in theeducational system can be thebeginning of a new chapter of ourlife that we use technology where itis only beneficial to us.

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In the light of the current situation andfollowing the outbreak of the Coronavirusepidemic, all schools and universities have beenclosed, therefore studies should be continuedonline through many sites and differentapplications which allow students to be able tocommunicate with their professors in order tocontinue their courses and terminate theirprograms. Also, in the light of the decision of the Ministerof Higher Education announced on Saturday, 18April 2020, according to which the dilemma ofthe evaluation of the second semester wasresolved, declaring that each student will beevaluated either through researches or onlineexams, and that each faculty has the right tochoose the method that suits it, provided theydo not take these exams unless the necessarymeans are guaranteed, excluding senior years. We conducted a survey at the level of allfaculties of economics and political science inEgypt, to find out the opinions of the students ofall years, departments and sections concerningthe form of evaluation they prefer as students.And there, opinions differed. Although the Supreme Council of Universitiesdecided to settle the dilemma of exam orresearch , choosing research , this reportremains a guide for students ’ preferences inorder to take them into consideration duringany evaluation.

242 students from the faculties of Economics andPolitical science participated in, where 142 peoplefrom Cairo University, 20 from Alexandria University,39 from Suez University and 38 from Beni SuefUniversity, where most of them agreed to apply theresearch system by up to 80,58% for several reasonsthat are summarized in poor infrastructure andinternet connection, as some students consider itthe best way to benefit, more effective and efficient,some believe that they will have enough time to doit perfectly and revise it before it is delivered unlikeonline exams. Taking into consideration the high rates of cheatingand the stress to which students are exposed, incase of online exams. Moreover, some studentsnoted the ineffectiveness of the online educationand that the content provided was insufficient toprepare them for the final exam. As for those whoprefer online exams, they see it as the best way toevaluate the student as the fixed evaluation - rightor wrong - not the normative ones. Some alsotouched on another important point, concerning thesubjects that might be difficult to presentresearches in; such as mathematics and statistics.Therefore, we move on to those who do not prefergeneralization, those who think that researchrepresents the best way of evaluation for theoreticalcourses like political science and that online examsrepresent the best way of evaluation for practicalsubjects such as mathematics and statistics.

STUDENTS' OPINION ON THE JUSTICE OF

DISTANT EVALUATION METHODS

by : Mirna Ossama

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On the one hand, we deal with the form ofexams, most students - 91.73% - prefer the examto be multiple choice questions than essays,being easier and faster since typing on akeyboard takes much more time than writing,taking into consideration the rhythm of writingwhich differs from one person to another. Inaddition to their ability to manage their time andto split it by each question easily. Also, in thisway, the extent of understanding, notmemorizing, is measured. Likewise, the correction is done online, sostudents think it's better since they do not letthemselves to unknown criteria that differ fromone professor to another, which makes themunable to meet them, it also makes thecorrection fair. Otherwise, the essay questionscover a specific part of the program unlike themultiple-choice questions which cover the entireprogram. Not only that, but also students facemany problems in the exams that require stepsand calculations. Requesting, in this case, thatthe number of questions vary between 10 and100 questions. But this does not prevent thatthere are those who preferred essay questionswhere they find no tricks, even clearer. Inaddition to their belief that the final answers, inmathematical problems, do not distinguish thestudents but the steps do, that is why they seethat each step must be written. Also, it makescheating more difficult. Requesting, in this case,that the number of questions vary between oneto 25 questions, depending on their size.

Regarding the duration of the exam, 94.21% ofthe students want it to be not only long enoughto solve the questions but also to revise theiranswers. Not only for this reason but also inanticipation of any problem in the internetconnection or in the computer itself, asking totake into account that looking at a device is moretiring than a paper, and asking not to determineone minute for each question since there arequestions that require additional time. On the other hand, we deal with the researchproposition, where 71.49% of the students preferteamwork than individual one, since theymotivate them and allow them to save effort andtime. Similarly, to share their ideas and toenhance their experience, which is beneficial tothem, thus being able to present perfectresearches, saying that it is more professional tointeract and think together to get the best result,since not all students are qualified to doprofessional researches. Also, to be able to finish the researches of all thecourses on time, due to time constraints. Besides,others prefer individual researches because itevaluates the effort and the level of each person,which makes them safe from injustice, havingworked with an uninterested group or who doesnot take work seriously. Not only that, but there are those who prefer towork alone, believing that there is nounderstanding among students, in general.

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There are also those who touched onan important point, which is thedifficulty of communication viaInternet, which could hinder thiscollective work. As well as it helpsthe person to collect as muchinformation as possible, making themost of it, unlike group research,where there can be mis-division anddistribution of the parts of theresearch. 59.5% of students prefer tobe evaluated by number of pagesand not words.

Finally, 88.84% of the studentsunanimously asked that thesubmission of the researches bepostponed after May 9, includingthose who want to submit themby the end of May, which givesthem enough time to think andsearch about the chosen topics,then to present their researchesin the best possible quality,especially since there are manyassignments that have not beensubmitted yet.

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FEPS SU Efforts amid COVID19

Abdelrahman Alhadidi, FEPS SU President

We all have been following the crisis of the new Coronavirus whichbecame a global pandemic in a few months, and the inability ofdoctors and scientists finding a suitable cure so far, which pushedmost of the countries around the globe - including Egypt - topostpone economic and social activities and events establishinglimits on people gathering and even curfews.This caused a real damage to the education system especiallyamong University students, it was easy to cancel a school semesterand make it up later, but Universities are attached to other systemsin the state which makes it harder. Distant learning , or online learning , was the best solution in orderto preserve the safe social distance and continue the semester, butsince the beginning of the digitalization of the education system aloft of students and teachers were facing many problems as theydidn't have enough time to get used to it or to get preparedFortunately, problems with students of faculty of economics andpolitical science are nothing compared to other students.Our faculty , faculty of economics and political science , had thehonor to be the first faculty to test the new system through thestudents' Union , it was like an operation room having the DrKhaled Abdulghaffar - the Minister of high education and scientificresearch, and Dr Mohamed al-khosht - President of CairoUniversity, to follow up with the IT team in the faculty headed byDr Shahinaz Gamal, but of course there still were some problems. And here comes the role of the Students' union who insisted oncollecting all the problems facing their colleagues by differentways, surveys, questionnaires and even personal interviews forevery single student.On the other hand, the administration of thefaculty didn't compromise in cooperating with the students' Union ,as Dr Mahmoud Al-Said was a role model in crisis managementand responded to the students' problems rapidly in order to get themused to the new system and checked the quality of the uploadedcontent frequently.

At the same time , the faculty was working on providing tablets andcompact discs (CDs) for the students who had problems connectingto the internet or even didn't have a computer at all , the students'union worked hard on gathering the names of the students whoreally deserve the tablets and CDs , and in order to maintain thesocial distancing , the major role of the students Yousif Ahmed - astudent in the first level in feps and member in the scientificcommittee in students' Union - appeared , his mission was todeliver the tablets and the CDs to the students on appointment toprevent gathering in the faculty and decrease the infection, in oneweek he managed to successfully deliver forty-two tablets and nineCDs contain the necessary educational content. In those scenes, the students' union and the faculty administrationformed a harmonic model in representative democracy and riskmanagement in order to minimize the students' struggles with thecrisis, this effort didn't just end there, as the students' unionlaunched an online awareness campaign through there page onFacebook which got backed up by the Dean himself and a lot of theteachers to encourage the students to stay at home and preventpublic gatherings.Some individual initiatives raised from some feps students to helpeach other, For example a student in level two political sciencecalled " Mayar Moharram " announced that she could help studentof the IGCSE high school in five subjects related to her study in thefaculty , while another man called "Omar Khaled" - a student inlevel three economics , offered his help to get the elderly what theyneed every day to protect them from the danger of infection in thestreets, Also the students' union announced a cooperation with "Masr Al-kheir" charity and invited all of feps students to participateand to donate for the charity Which is concerned with helping thebroke people, and as we all know, the psychological state is asimportant as the biological one, the students' Union announced aseries of posts hashtaggedFeps talents, where students can sharetheir interests with other colleagues through the Facebook page ofthe students' union and it worked, dozens of students shared theirdrawings, singings, photographing etc. to spread a feeling ofoptimism among their colleagues.Faculty of economics and political science had always been aspecial place, not because of the educational content only, butbecause of the spirit which collects all of us like a one big family.

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Social media : free

Competition,Money and probelms !

*LAMIA ELGAMMALPolitical Communication Officer at "Support Egypt Caolition"

The social media became recently an indispensable part inour lives, all of us spend more than two hours daily on oneor more of the social media platforms such as:- (Facebook,Instagram,Youtube, Tiktok,and Snapchat), maybe thisdependence has a lot of consequences, but one of thesignificant is that it releases a big social business that canbe used by a great portion of the society whom we call(influencers, content creators, and bloggers) to makemoney from the views, shares, and subscribes, ormarketing for products on their accounts, but what mattershere is how this business invert many scales in the society;it gives money and popularity for empty people withworthless content just for the views they gain, while givesthe rich content lower value due to the lack of attraction. And this is triggered by many reasons most importantly:-the effortlessness of the social media usage which producea large group of uneducated users attracted by anynonsense content, the second reason is the provokingmotivation the more provocative the content is the morethe viewer will be willing to continue , the third is thesexual motivation to follow any sexy woman or man nomatter what they present, the fourth is the herd behavior ifthe content is able to gain a large number of views at first,it can be spreading faster, as the viewer is always keen tofollow up what is trendy, to not feel in danger and strangeby unknowing something, even if it’s unimportant at all.

The question is “Is it back to the society’s decay and it’sjust reflected on the social media?”, or “the media affectsthe society?”, it’s like the chicken and the egg causality dilemma, butwhat concerns us is that should it be any intervention tomodify the general trend to follow up more worthycontents, or it’s wrong due to a number of reasons,first:-it’s against the freedom that was given by the internet toshare anything anytime anywhere, second:- there is nospecific clause that prevents sharing valueless content onsocial media, third:- there is no certain definition for the“valueless content” what is worthy for me maybeconsidered as nonsense for others, forth:- the virtual worldconnects the whole cultures so it should represents whatsuits all tastes as well, fifth:- the purpose from the socialmedia is connecting people and achieving entertainmentnot gaining knowledge so what makes me happy iscertainly worthy content. Sixth: - due to the new free capitalist thought whichemphasizes on that demands not the quality is the thingthat determines the value and price of the commodity,consequently what is more demanded is more valuable,therefore number of views on any influencer is the thingthat determines his price not the quality of his content, thisfreedom is exactly what rule our today’s virtual and actualworld.

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The recurring global events and its circumstances concerningCorona crisis have drawn the attention of individuals around theworld once again to nature and redirected their attention to theenvironment and its issues. Some people have a sense of shame forthe devastating human practices that Humans have committed inthe right of nature dealing with their environments and resourcesas a space that is separated from them. So, nature surprised themby its response to all human beings with this epidemic. It has notonly become a fundamental threat to the individual person on thelevel of daily life, but it has also affected the whole world at theeconomic, political and social levels. On the academic level, the Corona crisis has triggered mymotivation to explore its implications for the controversies andtheoretical frameworks interested in studying the environment andits issues from a political perspective, especially political ecology.It is a relatively recent subfield, and relatively rare within theEgyptian School of Politics. This article also seeks to reaffirm theimportance and necessity of interdisciplinary studies andintersectional approaches in understanding the complicated humanphenomena and their effects. It assures the need to direct researchefforts to this field as a response to the global change we facetoday and the new challenges it imposes on development. This requires the presentation of multi-scale models depending onthe aggregation of the integrated picture of the phenomena withthe social, local and global interactions and their effects. Theseeffects will certainly contribute in devoting difference and socialinequality according to the difference in strength and degree ofinfluence on the environment. This ultimately leads to aredefinition of power relations and the difference in interactionsbetween human groups and their biophysical environments.This article seeks in its first part to provide a definition of politicalecology and the concept of politics within it, as well as providethebasic and common concepts within the approaches of politicalecology.Blake and Brookfield define as political ecology as the subfieldthat brings together the common interests of both ecology and

political economy in its broad sense. This makes society, the resourcesassociated with the land, the classes and the different groupsconstantly changing elements within the debates of political ecology.This definition focuses on the concept of power as a socialrelationship based on the symmetrical distribution of resources andrisks which plays a central role in the interactions between individualsto access and control resources.Perhaps one of the most prominent results of these arguments, whichtake into account the focus on the problematic factors of powerrelations between different groups and their effects on theirinteractions with their environments, is the challenge of the prevailinginterpretations of the causes of environmental degradation. It alsochallenges the presented solutions to this deterioration. Among the most important common concept is the concept ofmarginality. It is a main concept interpreting the ecological, economicand political changes, for example: land degradation is the cause andresult of social marginalization. The second concept is productionpressure on resources, transferred through social relationships thatcause excessive demands on resources. The last concept that thisarticle presents is related to the collective awareness of individuals andgroups with collective interests and their importance when dealingwith the environment. This means that the individual gain can becomea complete loss for the whole world. Perhaps the most important questions that should be raised in theconclusion of this article, which may be of concern to those who wishto rethink the importance of political ecology and its location inpolitical science now, and especially among those interested instudying political ecology from an environmental perspective are:How can political science be redefined in a more challenging waywithin the framework of environmental analysis? What kind ofapproaches and methods that can seriously help us in locating what ispolitical within the ecological research? What are the applicationsthese efforts provide to address development challenges in practice?This article sought to introduce the political ecology and its mainconcept and the next articles will be devoted to analyze Corona crisisusing the frame work of political ecology.


*Dina Ibrahim Hassan

Assistant Lecturer of Political Science

PoliticalEcology & Corona Crisis (1)

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responsibility of managing crises upon its shoulder in order toprotect its people from danger and annihilation, and thisresponsibility is philosophically speaking the chief rationalebehind the state existence and the essence of the social contractsigned between the state and its citizens, and what makes a statesucceed over others is its capability to overcome the crisis with aminimal level of influence on its citizens or even without themnoticing any change on their daily lives or involvement indanger from such crisis, Hence any crisis is generally anembarrassing test for any political system in front of its citizens.That’s why the political systems have developed severalprocedures and measures to control Coronavirus spread, but intheir endeavor they are still burdened by an essential constraintwhich is the political system’s type… Because the democratic systems cherish individualism andprioritize the individual over the state, and their constitutionshave established the fundamental individual rights and freedomsas untouchable and inviolable guarantees that cannot becomprised by the ruling regime, the notion of patriarchy and theprotecting state which imposes on its citizens what to do andwhat to refrain from is on no account acceptable to suchsystems, and this justifies the late reaction of the Europeansystems to Coronavirus spread and their delay to enforce strictmeasures for the crisis containment such as restricting the freedom of movement and imposing complete lockdowns,furthermore, the prevailing culture steeped in such states isabsolute unconditional freedom and the shrinkage of the stateintervention in the citizen’s private sphere. Even though this mentality has been nurtured in these societies by time, itcontradicts another right higher in the hierarchy of individualrights in democracies which is the right to life itself, this soleright whereby individuals shall waive their freedoms in order toprotect their lives and others from perishing.

Social media : free

Competition,Money and probelms !

Confronting a common risk is by no means a novel precedent, asthe history of mankind has witnessed countless crises andepidemics that have accompanied humanity since the verybeginning of its existence; such events exhausted the economicand political systems and depleted loads of their resources inorder to triumph over them and diminish their potentialconsequences. Whilst the most prominent crisis that is garbingthe explicit attention of all regimes at present is the Coronapandemic – as named by WHO, such crisis that has confused thewhole globe and made the political systems stagger and crumble. And it is strange to reveal that although we have reached thethird decade of the 21st century, we still lack the existence of aunified international entity capable of imposing a legitimateauthoritative power over all states evenly to face the pandemic ina cooperative manner and through genuine common obligatorymeasures, this entity which all states have been calling for itsactivation since the second world war and the new world orderpost 1945. Consequently the international organizations’ responsibility islimited to following up, offering universal recommendations andguidelines upon which states ultimately have the final decision ofwhether to regard or not, accordingly political systems havetaken dissimilar individual routes to contain this epidemic, thathave led to diverse results in the conditions of those systems, asfor example Asian countries such as China, Singapore andTaiwan have sought more crucial and quick measures to halt thedisease’s spread compared to the European countries which tookthem too long to identify the true magnitude of the threat surrounding them, and unfortunately such delay has led toreaching massive consequences that made them the epicenter ofthe epidemic in the world.Owing to the partial absence of acommon international structure,each state bears the


PANDEMICS & POLITICAL SYSTEMS :

AN ENDLESS DUEL

*LAYLA AMR GALALPolitical Communication Officer at "Support Egypt Caolition"

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E L I T EAnother obstacle facing democratic systems is the presence of anopen environment of information and freedom of media andpress, which boost the employment of conspiracy theory againstsuch systems, as media carefully tackles the accusations andcharges levied against the system from other states or otheractors inside the state , which impedes the crisis managementprocess in a way or another especially when the local publicopinion gets involved and starts to show curiosity to know moreabout those charges. A final obstacle lies in the division of suchpolitical systems into semi-equal institutions in power with theexistence of a balance of power between the authorities and arobust competitive party system, it is nearly impossible to reachdecisive and quick solutions agreed by all to manage the crisisparticularly since constitutions of these systems disperse thedecision making process between various institutions. While on the other hand, authoritarian systems do acquire thecompetence and ability needed to reach quick and decisivedecisions in shorter time ranges without listening to the countlessconsiderations that democracies shed their lights on while takingany decision, This is because of the decision-making process ofthese systems which is subject to a fewer number of authoritiesand institutions, Likewise, the personal sphere offered to thecitizen and the scope of his freedom vis-à-vis the state is not aswide as those designated for the citizen by a democratic system,Therefore, the folks of those regimes are more receptive andwelcoming to the idea of prohibiting some freedoms in order tomanage the crisis and for the survival of the state at the expenseof individual freedom. Bearing in mind that those systems have a strong incentive topreserve the lives of their citizens and professionally overcomethe crisis, despite being systems that do not bless individualismas much as democracies do, they still obtain their legitimacy and

guarantee their continued existence as regimes only from the resultsof their performance, so the cost of enduring the authoritarianregime by its citizens depends upon its success in containing crises, while perhaps the most salient example for such claims is China,which was able by its communist regime to shift from a state thathad exported the pandemic to the world stage to a successfulcountry in controlling the epidemic wisely and in a short period oftime, while also it has started to offer assistance to the affectedcountries to benefit from its experience. Despite the efficiency of theauthoritarian regimes, they are usually treated with suspicion in thefear of taking the crisis as a pretext to expand their authoritativespace and adopt emergency measures while containing the crisis thatwork to reduce the rights and freedoms prescribed for its citizens,and to consolidate the bases of their systems for goals that gobeyond facing the crisis, thus, the fear that this temporarily shapedarea of state intervention will not shrink and return to its normalstatus after the end of the crisis is the biggest challenge facing theseregimes. To put it briefly, the democratic system is put in a real dilemma intimes of crises, since it is obliged to tradeoff between the democraticprinciples and guarantees that distinguish it and the immediateunconditional containment of the crisis, consequently, confrontingthe Corona epidemic requires a purposeful wisdom from such typeof system, as If the people of those regimes had accepted the idea ofdispensing some of their freedoms in order to control the matter,they will not accept it for a long time or without a future plan and anaccurate timetable presented by the system to deal with the crisis.Whereas the authoritarian system has a permissive opportunity totake an advantage from the crisis to consolidate its legitimacy andachieve gains of general satisfaction with its performance especiallythat it is not bound by the many guarantees that the democraticsystem bears and has more space to act and more options to choosebetween. In other words, the key matter that the authoritarian regimeis accountable for is how successful it is in controlling the crisis.


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YOUR MENTAL HEALTH DURING

QUARANTINE

Assile Mostafa

Due to the implications of Covid 19 virus, the governments areforced to extend the duration of lockdown and the quarantine,and people are asked to stay at home in isolation for a longerperiod. Here we are, in May, as weeks keep passing by, turninginto months, we seem to have no idea whether this situation willcontinue for years or it will end soon. We hope it ends soon, yetnothing can be predicted at this moment. All we know is that wewere forced to stay at home, and a new lifestyle was forced uponus: work from home, attending online classes, communicatingover the internet, by telephone or any other remotecommunication tool. We are unable to leave our houses exceptin emergencies, besides being deprived of some of the routineswe used to practice, whether it is to grab your coffee beforework or visiting a friend in the weekend. All flights have beencanceled, nonetheless there are many plans which have beendelayed until the quarantine ends, waiting for your graduation oryou wedding or any other private event. Imagine the number ofactivities that have been all of a sudden removed from yourdaily routines, and replaced with absolute free time, boredomand unluckily, potential depression. These circumstances introduce us to a new lifestyle that not allpeople can keep up with. The lifestyle which some may considerunusual or even strange may however be the normal lifestyle ofothers. This is the explanation for the number of people whoembraced this new quarantined boring lifestyle, or simply didn’tfeel that it differs much from their normal lifestyle. Thisdepends on the nature of the people (they may be introverts),their work social background (they work from behind a screen,or unemployed), in addition to other factors. However, regardingthe majority of people who don’t accommodate to this newlifestyle, this quarantined lifestyle is really challenging to them,and they may be the most affected. They become forced tocontinue their lives as it was: so if they used to go to the gym,now they have to train at home. If they used to go to theuniversity or school, now they are forced to attend classes overthe internet. There are also many people who lost their jobs, andthey have to search for new jobs, or anything to do for a living.We are basically supposed to normally continue the usual courseof our life but with using new tools and methods. Yet this is notvery easy, as we aren’t robots or machines that canaccommodate to a new environment like this. Maybe there werethese little details in the past that pushed you to work properly,or that helped you go through it all.

Maybe the interaction with your friends is what made youcontinue the tiring university or school life, maybe yourgraduation party which awaits you pushed you to study harder.Maybe it was going to the gym or practicing your favorite sportor any other entertaining activity that you are no longer able topractice. Seeing that the internet had become the main source ofcommunication between people, we have to point out the factthat not all people have access to the internet, also not everyonelikes social media platforms. In reality, we are witnessingnowadays viral trends and lines of thought which suggest thateveryone can easily continue living their lives normally andeven take advantage of this period. There is this pressure of“living your best qurantine days”. Even though thesesuggestions may be calls for positivity, but they are actuallynegatively affecting the minds of the people by destroying theirself confidence. You can try to benefit from the free time, but don’t let it affectyour mental health. Don’t compare yourself to others, except ifit was a constructive comparison, that will make you a betterperson, not a comparison which will disappoint you, or makeyou feel that you are not exerting enough effort, or a comparisonthat will make you regret the time you wasted when you were ina bad mood, or the time you simply want to spend doingnothing. Searching for things to encourage you is a good thingbut you have to rest. It’s a matter of survival. Families are apartand far from each other, friends are separated, people are losingtheir jobs, businesses and small companies are collapsing,people are dying without having a chance to say goodbye.That is why this article had been written to comfort you: eventhough you don’t have to give up on everything, you have to knowthat this period isn’t a competition, and the winner isn’t the onewho achieves the most. The winner is actually the person who willget out of these hardships a normal healthy person, even stronger.We are in a crisis, we aren’t in a vacation. But don’t take this as acall for laziness, or an excuse to give up on your responsibilities.This is for the people who had plans and activities which theyused to practice and it made them feel better about themselves andfeel that their lives had a meaning, but now, during thesecircumstances, feel helpless and couldn’t find alternatives to makethem feel better. Forget about the social pressures, we will begrateful if you can be in a good health while you are trying toaccommodate for the sake of survival these hard times.

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Weeks ago, many Arab writers and others wrote aboutthe world order after Corona, on the same matter, afterwhich former US Secretary of State Henry Kissingerwrote, and everyone praised, although he did not offeranything new about what was written.It seems that weare looking at ourselves that we are unable to compete inthe field of political science and not only the westernview of us, with the rapid development of internationalrelations several theories that explain these relationscame out mostly from the United States of America andnot from the third world or from the Arab and Islamicworld, so what is the reason? Rather, what is the reasonthat the West looks at us that we are not qualified towrite something that benefits political science as well asto formulate political theories The other question iswhether we are really able to compete. A large part of the answer to the first question may bethe culture of the victor. The victor claims that he is themost capable of adding and producing scientific ideasthat keep pace with events.

To the United States of America after the Corona crisis andalso the decline of its economic power even before thecrisis, it appears that many American theories that proveincorrect, such as the clash of civilizations,It proves that itis not only the first world that can formulate politicaltheoriesI. ndeed,many Arab writings predicted the theory's error, butare we able to develop corresponding theories? The richArab heritage in sciences in various fields confirms that weare able to compete, but even if Arab theories are available,it may not receive any attention unless it is matched byacademic and scientific development. And developmentforces the other to look at us with consideration, becauseintellectual renaissance is inseparable from materialrenaissance.Perhaps also among the reasons are the materialand military superiority of the West and the United States,which made them in the place of leadership made the thirdworld a field of experiments for them, and called for theneed for specialized western research centers that providegood opinion, and this confirms that political thought andtheory will only arise in vital societies that developeconomically and scientifically, and militarily.


By: Ahmed Adel Al-Saudi, International Negotitations Diplome

Is political theorization aWestern science which the 3rd

world is unfit for ?

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rising popularity of the NYC governor Andrew Cumo whosedaily press briefings are widely followed in the country.According to several pollsters nationwide among democrats,large percentage prefers Cumo on the democratic ticket onBiden. Surprisingly, in same way we can understand howTrump's support has reached its maximum in April, regardlessof accusations of underestimating the crisis in its cradle.Peoples in time of crises, like to see their leaders strong,confident and a symbol of national unity rather than seeingthem as they really are.On the other hand, Democrats lost their possible chance toinvest in Sander's universal healthcare system on which he builthis whole candidacy. As what was considered to be radicalbefore by some, might gain a huge amount of support withmedical facilities being heavily pressured recently. Thedemocrats could have even made the whole election looks likea referendum on the program. It's fair to say that the upcoming months would have a great sayover who to sit in the oval office, with Trump alone decideswhat happens to him in November. If he could manage tosuccessfully re-open the economy, although against advice oftop US medical advisors, he would boost his chances of gettinghimself re-elected. On the contrary, if his policies andinstructions got influenced by his own narcissism and proved tobe irresponsible, even his supporters would have no chance toprove voters incentivized to oust him wrong.

In spite of being strongly opposed locally, massively criticized inthe media and widely condemned internationally, we can still seea Donald Trump second term in office up to 2024. Though it maynot be so easy to answer the question with what we know for suretoday, the Trump-Hilary 2016 saga has educated us a little bitmore about how the US elections can always surprise. WhileTrump's political discourse has proven to be extremely odd towhat has been used to in US politics, it found a solid base ofsupport. From now on, politicians are asked to look for theseunusually non-participating voters and bring them in into theprocess. The scene is much different in this year's election, as it has beenoverwhelmed by the COVID-19 nation spread when thousands ofUS citizens are dying. For the Democratic Party, it has been atwo-man race between former VP JoeBiden and senatorBernieSanders for months. Until the Democratic NationalCommittee has decided to go all in for Biden, preferring hismoderate views and solid shape as an American statesman toSanders' radical views. Democrats are relying now more onTrump to fail the virus challenge more than it does on Biden tomake any significant move himself. To the party' misfortune, Biden has suffered since very early stagefrom weak media presence and inactive grassroots organization,on the contrary to what it was for Sanders' campaign. In a time ofcrisis, a weak presence is simply what makes politicians losesupport, while a strong confident frequent appearance alone mightwin you an entire election. In the same way we can understand the

WOULD DEMOCRATS REGRET

THEIR BET ON BIDEN INNOVEMBER?*Mohamed Elsayyed

FEPS GRADUATE, CLASS2018

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With everything happing now and with thecollective trauma we are going through, maybe itis the time for many to accomplish things theyhave been putting aside for so long, which theycouldn’t do because of whatsoever. That istotally fine. But you know what? It is totally fineas well if all that we have got from thisquarantine is time. Time to care about yourself,embrace your wellbeing, and support others inwhatever they choose to do. Self-care should not be something we resort tobecause we are so absolutely dead-tired that weneed some reprieve from our own internalpressure. It is to accept yourself so that you’renot constantly exhausted from trying to beeverything all at once. It is letting go, choosingnew and letting yourself be normal. Regular.Unexceptional.Start trying to take care ofyourself rather than trying to fix it and maybethen you will find that taking care, lovingly,attends to a lot of the problems you were tryingto fix in the first place.You don’t have to make the best out of this time,you don’t have to check out the useful things thatyou have done throughout the quarantine, andyou don’t have to unfairly blame yourself forrelieving your consciousness from everythinghapping around. But you have to be the hero ofyour life, a life that feels good not a life thatlooks good. Self-care isn’t always luxury, but amean for survival!

One fact that is undeniable is that we as humanbeings are always comparing ourselves withothers, seeking to be as productive as the otherpeople are and pushing ourselves to limits thatexceed our potentials. We are linking anyprogress to the idea of constant work on a dailybasis even if it comes at the expense of ourwellbeing. Rest has always had a bad rap in ourculture, where most of us think about rest asmerely the absence of work, not somethingvaluable in its own right, although you get moredone when you work less. If we took a closer look at a country like the UK,one would see people Who do care about theirwellbeing as much as, or maybe a little morethan, they do care about their work. One wouldlook around and see elders who are fitter andslimmer than a teenager, professors givingbreaks during lectures, asking about theirstudent’s well beings and for how long they needto rest, and universities sending regular mentalwellbeing surveys. Simply, the picture is not as itseems at the first sight, the secret is not in tiringyourself out till all of your energy are drained tohave a sense of accomplishment and meetimpossible standards of perfection that might befar away from the standards that actually fit you,rather the secret is in letting time loose a bit,having good care of yourself and investing inyour wellbeing.

SELF CARE AS SURVIVAL

*Menna Sobhy Gomaa, Third Level, Political Science

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The Lost Ship

SHORT STORY

mOHAMED ROSTOM, FEPS GRADUATE CLASS2019

The spirit of adventure is one of the most important causes of thepleasures in life, as it carries a feeling in which fear mixes withthe curiosity of getting to know everything new. So, There weremany individuals quickly booked a seat on the cruiseannouncedby a prestigious company to embark on an adventure on the highseas. On the promised day, passengers began arriving on theship, in the adventure that will continue for a month in the IndianOcean, andonce the number was completed, the ship moved atsix in the morning. The ship moved towards its designated location, and in themeantime, the passengers were enjoying the sight of thefrightening enjoyablewater, the large fishes that rise above thesurface of the sea and re-dive to the depths.While the cruise was going as planned without any obstacles, thecaptain felt that there was something wrong with the direction,the compass stopped working withoutpreceding alert, and theship went astray in the darkness of the sea. The captain and thecrew of the ship tried to fix the compass, but to no avail.The ship's crew asked the captain to move based on his previousexperiences, but the captain did not want to sacrifice any of thepassengers, who thought this stop was part of the program toenjoy these stunning landscapes. And Because the captain didnot know the fate of the ship in this pandemic, he did not want tohide the seriousness of the situation on the passengers. So, thecaptain "Khaled" came out and informed the passengers of thesituation, and asked theFrightened passenger faces, saying:"Doyou prefer to move according to the experience of the ship crew,or wait for the possibility of success in repairing the compass, orthe port may wonder about our delay , and then finds us usingsatellites?".Many passengers preferred to wait, as the Indian Ocean is full ofpirates, as well as the unplanned move may lead tothe collide inone of the rocks, that will result in the igniting, violating, ormalfunctioning the ship engine.On the other hand, a fewpassengers asked to move, as the port's loss to the ship will notbe before a month from now, And next month will witnesd theseasonal Indian Ocean storms. Moreover, the food isincontinuously decreasing, and if it runs out, some may die ofhunger instead of drowning, or most of the ship may die due tothe fighting on the food.

Here, "Hassan"- one of the supporters the movement - added: "Ithink that the movement is better, because if we move we canapproach any port, or even a sandy beach, and the captain Khaledis an experienced man, and we will not lose thanks to hiswisdom, as well ...";butcaptain interrupted him, saying: "I preferto hear your opinion without flattery, we are in danger whetherwe stay or move". Whereas, Mr. "Syed"- pro-stay- said: "As longas both alternatives are dangerous, staying at the present time isbetter, in order to ensure the life for as long as possible, perhapsthe ship's crew succeeds in reaching a studied solution, ratherthan the death of us"; and because the majority supported Mr."Syed", the captain Khalid agreed and worked with the ship'screw to find a solution. Passengers shared food for the first three days, and economizedin it,but with the lack of food, passengers were partisan ingroupsthat share food; each of themincludes passengers who areclose to each other in opinion. But all the groups agreed on onething, which is the necessity of sending food to the captain andthe crew of the ship to encourage the captain to respond to theirrequest by either moving, or staying.The captain was sending the extra food to those who had run outof food, especially after two weeks of the ship broken down. Butthen, everyone suffered from a lack of food, and the food sent tothe captain was no longer more than needed, and because life isthe most precious thing for a person, the captain only cared tofeed himself.While everyone who had little food left choose a strong manfrom the ship’s passengers to share his food, either to secure hisevil, or to protect him from the rest of the passengers if there is afight on the food.The captain from the control room was looked at this unfortunatesight, everyone is hungry, some die, and the weather is bad toworse, and he asks:Does passengers Can patient for another fourdays, or death have another opinion? What if the port Doesn'tloss us? was the move the best option? Was the minority right? Can we find the solution? On the whole, regret will not serve us, and it is better now toreturn and try to think with the crew about the solution.

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